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Bazzan E, Casara A, Radu CM, Tinè M, Biondini D, Faccioli E, Pezzuto F, Bernardinello N, Conti M, Balestro E, Calabrese F, Simioni P, Rea F, Turato G, Spagnolo P, Cosio MG, Saetta M. Macrophages-derived Factor XIII links coagulation to inflammation in COPD. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1131292. [PMID: 37180121 PMCID: PMC10166842 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1131292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The local, extravascular, activation of the coagulation system in response to injury is a key factor mediating the resulting inflammatory response. Coagulation Factor XIIIA (FXIIIA) found in alveolar macrophages (AM) and dendritic cells (DC), by influencing fibrin stability, might be an inflammatory modifier in COPD. Aims To study the expression of FXIIIA in AM and Langerin+DC (DC-1) and their relation to the inflammatory response and disease progression in COPD. Methods In 47 surgical lungs, 36 from smokers (22 COPD and 14 no-COPD) and 11 from non-smokers we quantified by immunohistochemistry FXIIIA expression in AM and DC-1 along with numbers of CD8+Tcells and CXCR3 expression in lung parenchyma and airways. Lung function was measured prior to surgery. Results The percentage of AM expressing FXIII (%FXIII+AM) was higher in COPD than no-COPD and non-smokers. DC-1 expressed FXIIIA and their numbers were higher in COPD than no-COPD and non-smokers. DC-1 positively correlated with %FXIII+AM (r=0.43; p<0.018). CD8+Tcells, which were higher in COPD than in no-COPD, were correlated with DC-1 (p<0.01) and %FXIII+AM. CXCR3+ cells were increased in COPD and correlated with %FXIII+AM (p<0.05). Both %FXIII+AM (r=-0.6; p=0.001) and DC-1 (r=-0.7; p=0.001) correlated inversely with FEV1. Conclusion FXIIIA, an important link between the extravascular coagulation cascade and inflammatory response, is significantly expressed in alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells of smokers with COPD, suggesting that it could play an important role in the adaptive inflammatory reaction characteristic of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Bazzan
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alvise Casara
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Mariaenrica Tinè
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Biondini
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Eleonora Faccioli
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federica Pezzuto
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicol Bernardinello
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Conti
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Balestro
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fiorella Calabrese
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Simioni
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Rea
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Graziella Turato
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Spagnolo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Manuel G. Cosio
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Respiratory Division, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marina Saetta
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Jamil MA, Singh S, El-Maarri O, Oldenburg J, Biswas A. Exploring Diverse Coagulation Factor XIII Subunit Expression Datasets: A Bioinformatic Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094725. [PMID: 35563115 PMCID: PMC9099568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) circulates in plasma as a pro-transglutaminase heterotetrameric complex (FXIIIA2B2), which upon activation by thrombin and calcium covalently crosslinks preformed fibrin polymers. The heterotetrameric complex is composed of a catalytic FXIIIA2 subunit and a protective/regulatory FXIII-B2 subunit coded by F13A1 and F13B genes, respectively. The catalytic FXIIIA2 subunit is encoded by the F13A1 gene, expressed primarily in cells of mesenchymal origin, whereas the FXIIIB subunit encoded by the F13B gene is expressed and secreted from hepatocytes. The plasma FXIIIA2 subunit, which earlier was believed to be secreted from cells of megakaryocytic lineage, is now understood to result primarily from resident macrophages. The regulation of the FXIII subunits at the genetic level is still poorly understood. The current study adopts a purely bioinformatic approach to analyze the temporal, time-specific expression array-data corresponding to both the subunits in specific cell lineages, with respect to the gene promoters. We analyze the differentially expressed genes correlated with F13A1 and F13B expression levels in an array of cell types, utilizing publicly available microarray data. We attempt to understand the regulatory mechanism underlying the variable expression of FXIIIA2 subunit in macrophages (M0, M1, M2 and aortic resident macrophages). Similarly, the FXIIIB2 subunit expression data from adult, fetal hepatocytes and embryonic stem cells derived hepatoblasts (hESC-hepatoblast) was analyzed. The results suggest regulatory dependence between the two FXIII subunits at the transcript level. Our analysis also predicts the involvement of the FXIIIA2 subunit in macrophage polarization, plaque stability, and inflammation.
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Ziliotto N, Bernardi F, Piazza F. Hemostasis components in cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer's disease. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:3177-3188. [PMID: 34041636 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Increased cerebrovascular amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition represents the main pathogenic mechanisms characterizing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Whereas an increasing number of studies define the contribution of fibrin(ogen) to neurodegeneration, how other hemostasis factors might be pleiotropically involved in the AD and CAA remains overlooked. Although traditionally regarded as pertaining to hemostasis, these proteins are also modulators of inflammation and angiogenesis, and exert cytoprotective functions. This review discusses the contribution of hemostasis components to Aβ cerebrovascular deposition, which settle the way to endothelial and blood-brain barrier dysfunction, vessel fragility, cerebral bleeding, and the associated cognitive changes. From the primary hemostasis, the process that refers to platelet aggregation, we discuss evidence regarding the von Willebrand factor (vWF) and its regulator ADAMTS13. Then, from the secondary hemostasis, we focus on tissue factor, which triggers the extrinsic coagulation cascade, and on the main inhibitors of coagulation, i.e., tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), and the components of protein C pathway. Last, from the tertiary hemostasis, we discuss evidence on FXIII, involved in fibrin cross-linking, and on components of fibrinolysis, including tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor uPA(R), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Increased knowledge on contributors of Aβ-related disease progression may favor new therapeutic approaches for early modifiable risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ziliotto
- CAA and AD Translational Research and Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy.
| | - Francesco Bernardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Piazza
- CAA and AD Translational Research and Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
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Factor XIII-A: An Indispensable "Factor" in Haemostasis and Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063055. [PMID: 33802692 PMCID: PMC8002558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Factor XIII (FXIII) is a transglutaminase enzyme that catalyses the formation of ε-(γ-glutamyl)lysyl isopeptide bonds into protein substrates. The plasma form, FXIIIA2B2, has an established function in haemostasis, with fibrin being its principal substrate. A deficiency in FXIII manifests as a severe bleeding diathesis emphasising its crucial role in this pathway. The FXIII-A gene (F13A1) is expressed in cells of bone marrow and mesenchymal lineage. The cellular form, a homodimer of the A subunits denoted FXIII-A, was perceived to remain intracellular, due to the lack of a classical signal peptide for its release. It is now apparent that FXIII-A can be externalised from cells, by an as yet unknown mechanism. Thus, three pools of FXIII-A exist within the circulation: plasma where it circulates in complex with the inhibitory FXIII-B subunits, and the cellular form encased within platelets and monocytes/macrophages. The abundance of this transglutaminase in different forms and locations in the vasculature reflect the complex and crucial roles of this enzyme in physiological processes. Herein, we examine the significance of these pools of FXIII-A in different settings and the evidence to date to support their function in haemostasis and wound healing.
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Supsrisunjai C, Hsu CK, Michael M, Duval C, Lee JYW, Yang HS, Huang HY, Chaikul T, Onoufriadis A, Steiner RA, Ariëns RAS, Sarig O, Sprecher E, Eskin-Schwartz M, Samlaska C, Simpson MA, Calonje E, Parsons M, McGrath JA. Coagulation Factor XIII-A Subunit Missense Mutation in the Pathobiology of Autosomal Dominant Multiple Dermatofibromas. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:624-635.e7. [PMID: 31493396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.08.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dermatofibromas are common benign skin lesions, the etiology of which is poorly understood. We identified two unrelated pedigrees in which there was autosomal dominant transmission of multiple dermatofibromas. Whole exome sequencing revealed a rare shared heterozygous missense variant in the F13A1 gene encoding factor XIII subunit A (FXIII-A), a transglutaminase involved in hemostasis, wound healing, tumor growth, and apoptosis. The variant (p.Lys679Met) has an allele frequency of 0.0002 and is predicted to be a damaging mutation. Recombinant human Lys679Met FXIII-A demonstrated reduced fibrin crosslinking activity in vitro. Of note, the treatment of fibroblasts with media containing Lys679Met FXIII-A led to enhanced adhesion, proliferation, and type I collagen synthesis. Immunostaining revealed co-localization between FXIII-A and α4β1 integrins, more prominently for Lys679Met FXIII-A than the wild type. In addition, both the α4β1 inhibitors and the mutation of the FXIII-A Isoleucine-Leucine-Aspartate-Threonine (ILDT) motif prevented Lys679Met FXIII-A-dependent proliferation and collagen synthesis of fibroblasts. Our data suggest that the Lys679Met mutation may lead to a conformational change in the FXIII-A protein that enhances α4-integrin binding and provides insight into an unexpected role for FXIII-A in the pathobiology of familial dermatofibroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chavalit Supsrisunjai
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Dermatology, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chao-Kai Hsu
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Magdalene Michael
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Cédric Duval
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - John Y W Lee
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hsing-San Yang
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Huang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Thitiwat Chaikul
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandros Onoufriadis
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto A Steiner
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A S Ariëns
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ofer Sarig
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Curt Samlaska
- Academic Dermatology of Nevada, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada
| | - Michael A Simpson
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo Calonje
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatopathology, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - John A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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Luyendyk JP, Schoenecker JG, Flick MJ. The multifaceted role of fibrinogen in tissue injury and inflammation. Blood 2019; 133:511-520. [PMID: 30523120 PMCID: PMC6367649 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-07-818211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The canonical role of the hemostatic and fibrinolytic systems is to maintain vascular integrity. Perturbations in either system can prompt primary pathological end points of hemorrhage or thrombosis with vessel occlusion. However, fibrin(ogen) and proteases controlling its deposition and clearance, including (pro)thrombin and plasmin(ogen), have powerful roles in driving acute and reparative inflammatory pathways that affect the spectrum of tissue injury, remodeling, and repair. Indeed, fibrin(ogen) deposits are a near-universal feature of tissue injury, regardless of the nature of the inciting event, including injuries driven by mechanical insult, infection, or immunological derangements. Fibrin can modify multiple aspects of inflammatory cell function by engaging leukocytes through a variety of cellular receptors and mechanisms. Studies on the role of coagulation system activation and fibrin(ogen) deposition in models of inflammatory disease and tissue injury have revealed points of commonality, as well as context-dependent contributions of coagulation and fibrinolytic factors. However, there remains a critical need to define the precise temporal and spatial mechanisms by which fibrinogen-directed inflammatory events may dictate the severity of tissue injury and coordinate the remodeling and repair events essential to restore normal organ function. Current research trends suggest that future studies will give way to the identification of novel hemostatic factor-targeted therapies for a range of tissue injuries and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Jonathan G Schoenecker
- Department of Orthopaedics
- Department of Pharmacology
- Department of Pediatrics, and
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; and
| | - Matthew J Flick
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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Mitchell JL, Mutch NJ. Let's cross-link: diverse functions of the promiscuous cellular transglutaminase factor XIII-A. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:19-30. [PMID: 30489000 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Plasma Factor XIII, a heterodimer of A and B subunits FXIIIA2 B2 , is a transglutaminase enzyme with a well-established role in haemostasis. Cells of bone marrow and mesenchymal lineage express the FXIII-A gene (F13A1) that encodes the cellular form of the transglutaminase, a homodimer of the A subunits, FXIII-A. FXIII-A was presumed to function intracellularly, however, several lines of evidence now indicate that FXIII-A is externalised by an as yet unknown mechanism This review describes the mounting evidence that FXIII-A is a diverse transglutaminase with many intracellular and extracellular substrates that can participate in an array of biological processes SUMMARY: Factor XIII is a tranglutaminase enzyme that catalyzes the formation of ε-(γ-glutamyl)lysyl isopeptide bonds in protein substrates. The plasma form, FXIII-A2 B2 , has an established function in hemostasis, where its primary substrate is fibrin. A deficiency in FXIII manifests as a severe bleeding diathesis, underscoring its importance in this pathway. The cellular form of the enzyme, a homodimer of the A-subunits, denoted FXIII-A, has not been studied in as extensive detail. FXIII-A was generally perceived to remain intracellular, owing to the lack of a classical signal peptide for its release. In the last decade, emerging evidence has revealed that this diverse transglutaminase can be externalized from cells, by an as yet unknown mechanism, and can cross-link extracellular substrates and participate in a number of diverse pathways. The FXIII-A gene (F13A1) is expressed in cells of bone marrow and mesenchymal lineage, notably megakaryocytes, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, chrondrocytes, osteoblasts, and preadipocytes. The biological processes that FXIII-A is coupled with, such as wound healing, phagocytosis, and bone and matrix remodeling, reflect its expression in these cell types. This review describes the mounting evidence that this cellular transglutaminase can be externalized, usually in response to stimuli, and participate in extracellular cross-linking reactions. A corollary of being involved in these biological pathways is the participation of FXIII-A in pathological processes. In conclusion, the functions of this transglutaminase extend far beyond its role in hemostasis, and our understanding of this enzyme in terms of its secretion, regulation and substrates is in its infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - N J Mutch
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular & Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Factor XIII Subunit A in the Skin: Applications in Diagnosis and Treatment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3571861. [PMID: 28894750 PMCID: PMC5574300 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3571861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The role of factor XIII subunit A (FXIII-A) is not restricted to hemostasis. FXIII-A is also present intracellularly in several human cells and serves as a diagnostic marker in a wide range of dermatological diseases from inflammatory conditions to malignancies. In this review, we provide a guide on the still controversial interpretation of dermal cell types expressing FXIII-A and assess the previously described mechanisms behind their accumulation under physiological and pathological conditions of the human skin. We summarize the intracellular functions of FXIII-A as well as its possible sources in the extracellular space of the dermis with a focus on its relevance to skin homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. Finally, the potential role of FXIII-A in wound healing, as a field with long-term therapeutic implications, is also discussed.
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Kyluik-Price DL, Scott MD. Effects of methoxypoly (Ethylene glycol) mediated immunocamouflage on leukocyte surface marker detection, cell conjugation, activation and alloproliferation. Biomaterials 2016; 74:167-77. [PMID: 26457834 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tissue rejection occurs subsequent to the recognition of foreign antigens via receptor-ligand contacts between APC (antigen presenting cells) and T cells, resulting in initialization of signaling cascades and T cell proliferation. Bioengineering of donor cells by the covalent attachment of methoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG) to membrane proteins (PEGylation) provides a novel means to attenuate these interactions consequent to mPEG-induced charge and steric camouflage. While previous studies demonstrated that polymer-mediated immunocamouflage decreased immune recognition both in vitro and in vivo, these studies monitored late events in immune recognition and activation such as T cell proliferation. Consequently little information has been provided concerning the early cellular events governing this response. Therefore, the effect of PEGylation was assessed by examining initial cell-cell interactions, changes to activation pathways, and apoptosis to understand the role that each may play in the decreased proliferative response observed in modified cells during the course of a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). The mPEG-modified T cells resulted in significant immunocamouflage of lymphocyte surface proteins and decreased interactions with APC. Furthermore, mPEG-MLR exhibited decreased NFκB pathway activation, while exhibiting no significant differences in degree of cell death compared to the control MLR. These results suggest that PEGylation may prevent the direct recognition of foreign alloantigens by decreasing the stability and duration of initial cell-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana L Kyluik-Price
- Canadian Blood Services, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Mark D Scott
- Canadian Blood Services, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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10
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Soendergaard C, Kvist PH, Seidelin JB, Pelzer H, Nielsen OH. Systemic and intestinal levels of factor XIII-A: the impact of inflammation on expression in macrophage subtypes. J Gastroenterol 2016; 51:796-807. [PMID: 26660730 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-015-1152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subunit A of coagulation factor XIII (FXIII-A) is important for clot stability and acts in the subsequent wound healing process. Loss of plasma FXIII-A has been reported after surgery, sepsis, and inflammatory conditions. In the intestinal mucosa, FXIII-A is expressed by macrophages and cellular FXIII-A has been associated with phagocytosis and migration of macrophages. The objective was to evaluate the consequences of intestinal inflammation on resident mucosal macrophages, focusing on the level and distribution of FXIII-A. METHODS Plasma and colonic biopsies were collected from 67 patients with ulcerative colitis and controls. Intestinal samples were stained using immunohistochemistry for FXIII-A and macrophages (CD68, CD163 and iNOS). In situ hybridization were used to assess the intestinal expression of FXIII-A. FXIII-A antigen and activity levels were measured in plasma. RESULTS Increased infiltration of CD68 positive macrophages in the inflamed mucosa coincided with increased extracellular deposited FXIII-A and decreased expression and intracellular protein levels of FXIII-A. A decreased proportion of FXIII-A/CD68/CD163 triple-positive macrophages was observed in inflamed mucosa, indicating a reduction of the M2 phenotype with consequent loss of FXIII-A. No induction of iNOS positive macrophages was observed. Stimulation of naïve monocytes with physiological concentrations of pro-inflammatory mediators negatively affected the expression of FXIII-A. Measurements in plasma confirmed the loss of both FXIII antigen and activity during active disease. CONCLUSIONS Intestinal inflammation in UC induces loss of M2 macrophages with subsequent loss of FXIII-A synthesis. The loss of cellular FXIII-A may impact migration and phagocytosis, and hence limit pathogen eradication in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Soendergaard
- Department of Gastroenterology 54O3, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730, Herlev, Denmark. .,Department of Histology and Bioimaging, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark.
| | | | - Jakob Benedict Seidelin
- Department of Gastroenterology 54O3, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Hermann Pelzer
- Department of Research Bioanalysis, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Ole Haagen Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology 54O3, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
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11
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Shubin NJ, Glukhova VA, Clauson M, Truong P, Abrink M, Pejler G, White NJ, Deutsch GH, Reeves SR, Vaisar T, James RG, Piliponsky AM. Proteome analysis of mast cell releasates reveals a role for chymase in the regulation of coagulation factor XIIIA levels via proteolytic degradation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:323-334. [PMID: 27302551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells are significantly involved in IgE-mediated allergic reactions; however, their roles in health and disease are incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE We aimed to define the proteome contained in mast cell releasates on activation to better understand the factors secreted by mast cells that are relevant to the contribution of mast cells in diseases. METHODS Bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells (BMCMCs) and peritoneal cell-derived mast cells were used as "surrogates" for mucosal and connective tissue mast cells, respectively, and their releasate proteomes were analyzed by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Our studies showed that BMCMCs and peritoneal cell-derived mast cells produced substantially different releasates following IgE-mediated activation. Moreover, we observed that the transglutaminase coagulation factor XIIIA (FXIIIA) was one of the most abundant proteins contained in the BMCMC releasates. Mast cell-deficient mice exhibited increased FXIIIA plasma and activity levels as well as reduced bleeding times, indicating that mast cells are more efficient in their ability to downregulate FXIIIA than in contributing to its amounts and functions in homeostatic conditions. We found that human chymase and mouse mast cell protease-4 (the mouse homologue of human chymase) had the ability to reduce FXIIIA levels and function via proteolytic degradation. Moreover, we found that chymase deficiency led to increased FXIIIA amounts and activity, as well as reduced bleeding times in homeostatic conditions and during sepsis. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that the mast cell protease content can shape its releasate proteome. Moreover, we found that chymase plays an important role in the regulation of FXIIIA via proteolytic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Shubin
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Veronika A Glukhova
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Morgan Clauson
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Phuong Truong
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Magnus Abrink
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University for Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nathan J White
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Gail H Deutsch
- Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Stephen R Reeves
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Richard G James
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Adrian M Piliponsky
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.
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Esnault S, Kelly EA, Sorkness RL, Evans MD, Busse WW, Jarjour NN. Airway factor XIII associates with type 2 inflammation and airway obstruction in asthmatic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:767-73.e6. [PMID: 26525229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coagulation Factor XIII (FXIII) plays an important role in wound healing by stabilizing fibrin clots and cross-linking extracellular matrix proteins. FXIII is expressed in cells of the monocyte/macrophage and dendritic cell lineages in response to type 2 cytokines. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the association between FXIII and asthma pathobiology. METHODS We analyzed the expression of FXIII mRNA and protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage samples obtained before and after segmental allergen challenge from patients with mild asthma and in induced sputum samples collected from patients with mild-to-moderate and severe asthma. RESULTS FXIII mRNA and protein levels were highly upregulated in bronchoalveolar cells and fluid after allergen challenge and mRNA levels correlated with protein levels. In sputum of asthmatic patients, FXIII expression was positively correlated with type 2 immune response and dendritic cell markers (CD209 and CD207). FXIII expression was also associated with increased airflow limitation (FEV1/forced vital capacity and residual volume/total lung capacity ratios) and greater reversibility to β-agonists. CONCLUSIONS FXIII expression was upregulated in the airways of asthmatic patients after allergen exposure. Expression in the sputum of asthmatic patients correlated with the type 2 immune response and airflow limitation. Excessive activity of FXIII could contribute to the pathophysiology of airway obstruction in asthmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Esnault
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Elizabeth A Kelly
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Ronald L Sorkness
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Michael D Evans
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - William W Busse
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis.
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Transglutaminase factor XIII promotes arthritis through mechanisms linked to inflammation and bone erosion. Blood 2014; 125:427-37. [PMID: 25336631 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-08-594754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by synovial hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration, irreversible cartilage and bone destruction, and exuberant coagulation system activity within joint tissue. Here, we demonstrate that the coagulation transglutaminase, factor XIII (fXIII), drives arthritis pathogenesis by promoting local inflammatory and tissue degradative and remodeling events. All pathological features of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were significantly reduced in fXIII-deficient mice. However, the most striking difference in outcome was the preservation of cartilage and bone in fXIIIA(-/-) mice concurrent with reduced osteoclast numbers and activity. The local expression of osteoclast effectors receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase were significantly diminished in CIA-challenged and even unchallenged fXIIIA(-/-) mice relative to wild-type animals, but were similar in wild-type and fibrinogen-deficient mice. Impaired osteoclast formation in fXIIIA(-/-) mice was not due to an inherent deficiency of monocyte precursors, but it was linked to reduced RANKL-driven osteoclast formation. Furthermore, treatment of mice with the pan-transglutaminase inhibitor cystamine resulted in significantly diminished CIA pathology and local markers of osteoclastogenesis. Thus, eliminating fXIIIA limits inflammatory arthritis and protects from cartilage and bone destruction in part through mechanisms linked to reduced RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis. In summary, therapeutic strategies targeting fXIII activity may prove beneficial in limiting arthropathies and other degenerative bone diseases.
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Abstract
AbstractFactor XIII (FXIII) is a unique clotting factor activated in the last stage of the coagulation cascade, with multiple other plasmatic and cellular functions, outside of the traditional homeostasis. Literature data show that FXIII is expressed in skin lesions in the course of various inflammatory skin disorders. Dermis contains a series of macrophages and dendritic cells, which express different phenotypes including FXIII. Increased levels of FXIII-positive cells are present in specific cutaneous inflammatory and fibrotic conditions. The aim of this review is to provide the relationship between FXIII and the development of the inflammatory skin lesions.
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Eckert RL, Kaartinen MT, Nurminskaya M, Belkin AM, Colak G, Johnson GVW, Mehta K. Transglutaminase regulation of cell function. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:383-417. [PMID: 24692352 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00019.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminases (TGs) are multifunctional proteins having enzymatic and scaffolding functions that participate in regulation of cell fate in a wide range of cellular systems and are implicated to have roles in development of disease. This review highlights the mechanism of action of these proteins with respect to their structure, impact on cell differentiation and survival, role in cancer development and progression, and function in signal transduction. We also discuss the mechanisms whereby TG level is controlled and how TGs control downstream targets. The studies described herein begin to clarify the physiological roles of TGs in both normal biology and disease states.
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Töröcsik D, Bárdos H, Hatalyák Z, Dezső B, Losonczy G, Paragh L, Péter Z, Balázs M, Remenyik E, Adány R. Detection of factor XIII-A is a valuable tool for distinguishing dendritic cells and tissue macrophages in granuloma annulare and necrobiosis lipoidica. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013; 28:1087-96. [PMID: 24237365 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factor XIII subunit A (FXIII-A) is used as a diagnostic marker in a wide range of dermatological diseases ranging from inflammatory lesions to malignancies, although neither the cell types responsible for its expression nor the mechanism(s) resulting in its local accumulation in pathological conditions have been characterized. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to gain information on the cells showing an immunohistochemical reaction for FXIII-A and answer the question whether macrophages and/or dendritic cells are labelled for FXIII-A. METHODS We carried out our studies on samples of granuloma annulare (GA) and necrobiosis lipoidica (NL), the prime examples for granulomatous skin lesions with a non-infectious background in which extracellular matrix remodelling is a key feature without any sign of malignant transformation. We used markers for macrophages and dendritic cells in combination with the detection of FXIII-A in double labelling immunohistochemical reactions. RESULTS We demonstrated that FXIII-A positivity clearly distinguishes macrophages (CD163+/FXIII-A+) from dendritic cells (CD11c+/FXIII-A-) not only in the normal dermis as previously described by Zaba et al. (J Clin Invest 2007; 117: 2517-2525) but also in the pathological conditions of GA and NL. Detecting the expression of DC-SIGN/CD209 and mannose receptor molecules on FXIII-A+ macrophages we confirmed that FXIII-A is expressed in the alternatively activated macrophages. However, while DC-SIGN/CD209 was invariably expressed on FXIII-A+ cells both in normal and pathological conditions of GA/NL (98.7% vs. 93.5/96%), mannose receptor was only partially coexpressed with FXIII-A (94.8% vs. 74.7/52.2%), suggesting that FXIII-A+ macrophages do not represent a homogenous population. CONCLUSIONS FXIII-A selectively marks macrophages and distinguishes them from dendritic cells. The presence of FXIII-A is not a disease-specific marker but indicates a possible common mechanism of macrophage activation in various dermatological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Töröcsik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Soendergaard C, Kvist PH, Seidelin JB, Nielsen OH. Tissue-regenerating functions of coagulation factor XIII. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11:806-16. [PMID: 23406195 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The protransglutaminase factor XIII (FXIII) has recently attracted attention within the field of tissue regeneration, as it has been found that FXIII significantly influences wound healing by exerting a multitude of functions. It supports hemostasis by enhancing platelet adhesion to damaged endothelium, and by its cross-linking activity it stabilizes the formed fibrin clot. Furthermore, FXIII limits bacterial dissemination from the wound and incorporates macromolecules of importance for cellular infiltration, supporting cell migration and survival. FXIII-mediated complex formation of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and αV β3 integrin is important for angiogenesis, supporting the formation of granulation tissue. Chronic inflammatory conditions involving bleeding and activation of the coagulation cascade have been shown to lead to reduced FXIII levels in plasma. Of particular importance for this review is the fact that patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have reduced FXIII antigen levels and activity. Furthermore, these patients show impaired mucosal healing, which supports the inflammatory state of the disease. This review summarizes the role of FXIII in the healing of wounds, and briefly summarizes the previous use of FXIII in clinical settings. Moreover, it addresses the potential role for FXIII as a therapeutic agent in the healing of persistent wounds during chronic conditions, with an emphasis on IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Soendergaard
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Muszbek L, Bereczky Z, Bagoly Z, Komáromi I, Katona É. Factor XIII: a coagulation factor with multiple plasmatic and cellular functions. Physiol Rev 2011; 91:931-72. [PMID: 21742792 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00016.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Factor XIII (FXIII) is unique among clotting factors for a number of reasons: 1) it is a protransglutaminase, which becomes activated in the last stage of coagulation; 2) it works on an insoluble substrate; 3) its potentially active subunit is also present in the cytoplasm of platelets, monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, dendritic cells, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and osteocytes; and 4) in addition to its contribution to hemostasis, it has multiple extra- and intracellular functions. This review gives a general overview on the structure and activation of FXIII as well as on the biochemical function and downregulation of activated FXIII with emphasis on new developments in the last decade. New aspects of the traditional functions of FXIII, stabilization of fibrin clot, and protection of fibrin against fibrinolysis are summarized. The role of FXIII in maintaining pregnancy, its contribution to the wound healing process, and its proangiogenic function are reviewed in details. Special attention is given to new, less explored, but promising fields of FXIII research that include inhibition of vascular permeability, cardioprotection, and its role in cartilage and bone development. FXIII is also considered as an intracellular enzyme; a separate section is devoted to its intracellular activation, intracellular action, and involvement in platelet, monocyte/macrophage, and dendritic cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Muszbek
- Clinical Research Center and Thrombosis, Haemostasis and Vascular Biology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Debrecen, Hungary.
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van den Akker J, van Weert A, Afink G, Bakker ENTP, van der Pol E, Böing AN, Nieuwland R, VanBavel E. Transglutaminase 2 is secreted from smooth muscle cells by transamidation-dependent microparticle formation. Amino Acids 2011; 42:961-73. [PMID: 21830119 PMCID: PMC3266506 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a pleiotropic enzyme involved in both intra- and extracellular processes. In the extracellular matrix, TG2 stabilizes the matrix by both covalent cross-linking and disulfide isomerase activity. These functions become especially apparent during matrix remodeling as seen in wound healing, tumor development and vascular remodeling. However, TG2 lacks the signal sequence for a classical secretory mechanism, and the cellular mechanism of TG2 secretion is currently unknown. We developed a green fluorescent TG2 fusion protein to study the hypothesis that TG2 is secreted via microparticles. Characterization of TG2/eGFP, using HEK/293T cells with a low endogenous TG2 expression, showed that cross-linking activity and fibronectin binding were unaffected. Transfection of TG2/eGFP into smooth muscle cells resulted in the formation of microparticles (MPs) enriched in TG2, as detected both by immunofluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. The fraction of TG2-positive MPs was significantly lower for cross-linking-deficient mutants of TG2, implicating a functional role for TG2 in the formation of MPs. In conclusion, the current data suggest that TG2 is secreted from the cell via microparticles through a process regulated by TG2 cross-linking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen van den Akker
- Departmentt of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center L0-120, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angela van Weert
- Departmentt of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center L0-120, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs Afink
- Molecular Obstetrics Research Group, Laboratory for Reproductive Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik N. T. P. Bakker
- Departmentt of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center L0-120, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin van der Pol
- Departmentt of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center L0-120, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita N. Böing
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ed VanBavel
- Departmentt of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center L0-120, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Matlung HL, VanBavel E, van den Akker J, de Vries CJM, Bakker ENTP. Role of transglutaminases in cuff-induced atherosclerotic lesion formation in femoral arteries of ApoE3 Leiden mice. Atherosclerosis 2010; 213:77-84. [PMID: 20810110 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Transglutaminases play an important role in vascular remodeling, calcification, cell adhesion and endothelial barrier function. In this study we investigate the influence of combined inhibition of both tissue-type transglutaminase (TG2) and the plasma transglutaminase FXIIIA on early lesion development. METHODS A cuff was placed around the femoral arteries of ApoE3 Leiden mice while fed a Western type diet to induce atherosclerotic lesion development. An osmotic minipump was placed in the intraperitoneal cavity containing an irreversible inhibitor of TG2 and FXIIIA activity ((1,3,4,5-tetramethyl-2-[(2-oxopropyl)thio]imidazolium chloride, Zedira). Atherosclerotic lesion composition was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. RESULTS Inhibition of transglutaminases did not influence lesion size or geometric remodeling of the vessels. However, systemic transglutaminase inhibition resulted in 41% less macrophage infiltrate in the media of the vessels. Additional in vitro experiments on HL60 cells confirmed a decreased migratory response during transglutaminase inhibition. CONCLUSION Inhibition of TG2 and FXIIIA during early development of lesions reduced the macrophage content in the media of atherosclerotic vessels, while not affecting lesion size or geometric remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanke L Matlung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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