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Interdonato L, Himmelreich N, Garbade SF, Wen D, Morath M, Di Paola R, Calabrese V, Thiel C, Peters V. Assessing carnosinase 1 activity for diagnosing congenital disorders of glycosylation. Mol Genet Metab 2024; 143:108571. [PMID: 39226631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Diagnosing Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) is challenging due to clinical heterogeneity and the limited sensitivity of the classic serum transferrin isoelectric focusing (IEF) or capillary zone electrophoresis test. This study investigates the potential of using the glycoprotein carnosinase 1 (CN1) activity as a diagnostic marker for CDG patients. CN1 activity was measured photometrically in serum from 81 genetically confirmed CDG patients and healthy individuals. While the IEF transferrin method detected 77 patients, four remained undetected. In healthy individuals, serum CN1 activity ranged from 0.1 to 6.4 μmol/ml/h depending on age, with mean CN1 activities up to four-fold higher than in CDG patients. CDG patients´ CN1 activities never exceeded 2,04 μmol/ml/h. Using the 25th percentile to differentiate between groups, the test performance varied by age. For children over 10 years old, the sensitivity and specificity were 96 % and 83 %, respectively. For those under 10, sensitivity and specificity dropped to 71 % and to 64 %. However, CN1 activity successfully identified three of four patients with normal IEF patterns. Although mean CN1 activity in CDG patients is significantly lower than in healthy controls, the test's reliability for classic CDG diagnosis is limited, as the diagnosis is usually made at a young age. Nevertheless, it is a simple, cost-effective assay that can complement classic tests, especially in settings with limited access to complex methods or for patients with normal transferrin patterns but suspicious for CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Interdonato
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department I, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, Messina, Italy
| | - Nastassja Himmelreich
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department I, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven F Garbade
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department I, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dan Wen
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department I, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marina Morath
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department I, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- University of Messina, Department of Veterinary Science, Messina, Italy
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Christian Thiel
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department I, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Peters
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department I, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Bioactive and Sensory Di- and Tripeptides Generated during Dry-Curing of Pork Meat. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021574. [PMID: 36675084 PMCID: PMC9866438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry-cured pork products, such as dry-cured ham, undergo an extensive proteolysis during manufacturing process which determines the organoleptic properties of the final product. As a result of endogenous pork muscle endo- and exopeptidases, many medium- and short-chain peptides are released from muscle proteins. Many of them have been isolated, identified, and characterized, and some peptides have been reported to exert relevant bioactivity with potential benefit for human health. However, little attention has been given to di- and tripeptides, which are far less known, although they have received increasing attention in recent years due to their high potential relevance in terms of bioactivity and role in taste development. This review gathers the current knowledge about di- and tripeptides, regarding their bioactivity and sensory properties and focusing on their generation during long-term processing such as dry-cured pork meats.
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HERES A, YOKOYAMA I, GALLEGO M, TOLDRÁ F, ARIHARA K, MORA L. Impact of oxidation on the cardioprotective properties of the bioactive dipeptide AW in dry-cured ham. Food Res Int 2022; 162:112128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Colzani M, Regazzoni L, Criscuolo A, Baron G, Carini M, Vistoli G, Lee YM, Han SI, Aldini G, Yeum KJ. Isotopic labelling for the characterisation of HNE-sequestering agents in plant-based extracts and its application for the identification of anthocyanidins in black rice with giant embryo. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:896-906. [PMID: 30035649 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1490735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) are cytotoxic molecules that originate from lipid peroxidation and sugar oxidation. Natural derivatives can be an attractive source of potential RCS scavenger. However, the lack of analytical methods to screen and identify bioactive compounds contained in complex matrices has hindered their identification. The sequestering actions of various rice extracts on RCS have been determined using ubiquitin and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) as a protein and RCS model, respectively. Black rice with giant embryo extract was found to be the most effective among various rice varieties. The identification of bioactive compounds was then carried out by an isotopic signature profile method using the characteristic isotopic ion cluster generated by the mixture of HNE: 2H5-HNE mixed at a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio. An in-house database was used to obtain the structures of the possible bioactive components. The identified compounds were further confirmed as HNE sequestering agents through HPLC-UV analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Colzani
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Luca Regazzoni
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Angela Criscuolo
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Giovanna Baron
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Marina Carini
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Yoon-Mi Lee
- b Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences , Konkuk University , Chungju-si , South Korea
| | - Sang-Ik Han
- c National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration , Suwon-si , South Korea
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Kyung-Jin Yeum
- b Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences , Konkuk University , Chungju-si , South Korea
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5
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Chilukuri H, Kulkarni MJ, Fernandes M. Revisiting amino acids and peptides as anti-glycation agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:614-624. [PMID: 30108952 PMCID: PMC6071831 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00514h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The importance of controlling or preventing protein glycation cannot be overstated and is of prime importance in the treatment of diabetes and associated complications including Alzheimer's disease, cataracts, atherosclerosis, kidney aliments among others. In this respect, simple molecules such as amino acids and peptides hold much promise both in terms of ease and scale-up of synthesis as well as in relation to negligible/low associated toxicity. In view of this, a comprehensive account of literature reports is presented, that documents the anti-glycation activity of natural and non-natural amino acids and peptides. This review also discusses the chemical reactions involved in glycation and the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and possible/probable intervention sites and mechanism of action of the reported amino acids/peptides. This aspect of amino acids/peptides adds to their growing importance in medicinal and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chilukuri
- Organic Chemistry Division , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road , Pune 411008 , India . ;
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-NCL Campus , Pune -411008 , India
| | - M J Kulkarni
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-NCL Campus , Pune -411008 , India
- Proteomics Facility , Division of Biochemical Sciences , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road , Pune 411008 , India
| | - M Fernandes
- Organic Chemistry Division , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road , Pune 411008 , India . ;
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-NCL Campus , Pune -411008 , India
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6
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Vistoli G, Pedretti A, Mazzolari A, Testa B. Approaching Pharmacological Space: Events and Components. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1800:245-274. [PMID: 29934897 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7899-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With a view to introducing the concept of pharmacological space and its potential applications in investigating and predicting the toxic mechanisms of xenobiotics, this opening chapter describes the logical relations between conformational behavior, physicochemical properties and binding spaces, which are seen as the three key elements composing the pharmacological space. While the concept of conformational space is routinely used to encode molecular flexibility, the concepts of property spaces and, particularly, of binding spaces are more innovative. Indeed, their descriptors can find fruitful applications (a) in describing the dynamic adaptability a given ligand experiences when inserted into a specific environment, and (b) in parameterizing the flexibility a ligand retains when bound to a biological target. Overall, these descriptors can conveniently account for the often disregarded entropic factors and as such they prove successful when inserted in ligand- or structure-based predictive models. Notably, and although binding space parameters can clearly be derived from MD simulations, the chapter will illustrate how docking calculations, despite their static nature, are able to evaluate ligand's flexibility by analyzing several poses for each ligand. Such an approach, which represents the founding core of the binding space concept, can find various applications in which the related descriptors show an impressive enhancing effect on the statistical performances of the resulting predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Vistoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Pedretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelica Mazzolari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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7
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Mol M, Regazzoni L, Altomare A, Degani G, Carini M, Vistoli G, Aldini G. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic detoxification of 4-hydroxynonenal: Methodological aspects and biological consequences. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:328-344. [PMID: 28161307 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE), an electrophilic end-product deriving from lipid peroxidation, undergoes a heterogeneous set of biotransformations including enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions. The former mostly involve red-ox reactions on the HNE oxygenated functions (phase I metabolism) and GSH conjugations (phase II) while the latter are due to the HNE capacity to spontaneously condense with nucleophilic sites within endogenous molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids and phospholipids. The overall metabolic fate of HNE has recently attracted great interest not only because it clearly determines the HNE disposal, but especially because the generated metabolites and adducts are not inactive molecules (as initially believed) but show biological activities even more pronounced than those of the parent compound as exemplified by potent pro-inflammatory stimulus induced by GSH conjugates. Similarly, several studies revealed that the non-enzymatic reactions, initially considered as damaging processes randomly involving all endogenous nucleophilic reactants, are in fact quite selective in terms of both reactivity of the nucleophilic sites and stability of the generated adducts. Even though many formed adducts retain the expected toxic consequences, some adducts exhibit well-defined beneficial roles as documented by the protective effects of sublethal concentrations of HNE against toxic concentrations of HNE. Clearly, future investigations are required to gain a more detailed understanding of the metabolic fate of HNE as well as to identify novel targets involved in the biological activity of the HNE metabolites. These studies are and will be permitted by the continuous progress in the analytical methods for the identification and quantitation of novel HNE metabolites as well as for proteomic analyses able to offer a comprehensive picture of the HNE-induced adducted targets. On these grounds, the present review will focus on the major enzymatic and non-enzymatic HNE biotransformations discussing both the molecular mechanisms involved and the biological effects elicited. The review will also describe the most important analytical enhancements that have permitted the here discussed advancements in our understanding of the HNE metabolic fate and which will permit in a near future an even better knowledge of this enigmatic molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Regazzoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Altomare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Genny Degani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Carini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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8
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Darin N, Reid E, Prunetti L, Samuelsson L, Husain RA, Wilson M, El Yacoubi B, Footitt E, Chong WK, Wilson LC, Prunty H, Pope S, Heales S, Lascelles K, Champion M, Wassmer E, Veggiotti P, de Crécy-Lagard V, Mills PB, Clayton PT. Mutations in PROSC Disrupt Cellular Pyridoxal Phosphate Homeostasis and Cause Vitamin-B 6-Dependent Epilepsy. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:1325-1337. [PMID: 27912044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), the active form of vitamin B6, functions as a cofactor in humans for more than 140 enzymes, many of which are involved in neurotransmitter synthesis and degradation. A deficiency of PLP can present, therefore, as seizures and other symptoms that are treatable with PLP and/or pyridoxine. Deficiency of PLP in the brain can be caused by inborn errors affecting B6 vitamer metabolism or by inactivation of PLP, which can occur when compounds accumulate as a result of inborn errors of other pathways or when small molecules are ingested. Whole-exome sequencing of two children from a consanguineous family with pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy revealed a homozygous nonsense mutation in proline synthetase co-transcribed homolog (bacterial), PROSC, which encodes a PLP-binding protein of hitherto unknown function. Subsequent sequencing of 29 unrelated indivduals with pyridoxine-responsive epilepsy identified four additional children with biallelic PROSC mutations. Pre-treatment cerebrospinal fluid samples showed low PLP concentrations and evidence of reduced activity of PLP-dependent enzymes. However, cultured fibroblasts showed excessive PLP accumulation. An E.coli mutant lacking the PROSC homolog (ΔYggS) is pyridoxine sensitive; complementation with human PROSC restored growth whereas hPROSC encoding p.Leu175Pro, p.Arg241Gln, and p.Ser78Ter did not. PLP, a highly reactive aldehyde, poses a problem for cells, which is how to supply enough PLP for apoenzymes while maintaining free PLP concentrations low enough to avoid unwanted reactions with other important cellular nucleophiles. Although the mechanism involved is not fully understood, our studies suggest that PROSC is involved in intracellular homeostatic regulation of PLP, supplying this cofactor to apoenzymes while minimizing any toxic side reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Darin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41685 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Reid
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Laurence Prunetti
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences and Genetic Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Lena Samuelsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ralf A Husain
- Centre for Inborn Metabolic Disorders, Department of Neuropediatrics, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthew Wilson
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Basma El Yacoubi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences and Genetic Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Emma Footitt
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - W K Chong
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Louise C Wilson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Helen Prunty
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Simon Pope
- Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Simon Heales
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Department of Chemical Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK; Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Karine Lascelles
- Department of Neuroscience, Evelina London Children's Hospital, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Mike Champion
- Department of Inherited Metabolic Disease, Evelina London Children's Hospital, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | | | - Pierangelo Veggiotti
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Brain and Behaviour Department, University of Pavia, Strada Nuova, 65 Pavia, Italy
| | - Valérie de Crécy-Lagard
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences and Genetic Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Philippa B Mills
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | - Peter T Clayton
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
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9
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Computational approaches in the rational design of improved carbonyl quenchers: focus on histidine containing dipeptides. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:1721-37. [PMID: 27584013 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The inhibition of protein carbonylation can play therapeutic roles in several oxidative-based diseases and direct carbonyl quenching appears the most effective inhibition strategies. l-carnosine derivatives are effective and selective quenchers toward 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal even though their activity was never investigated in a fully comparable way. RESULTS The reported results revealed that anserine, homocarnosine and carnosinamide retain a remarkable quenching activity combined with a satisfactory selectivity. In silico analyses confirmed the key role of flexibility, lipophilicity and nucleophilicity parameters in rationalizing the measured reactivity. CONCLUSION This study confirms that in silico approaches can be successfully used in the rational design of improved carbonyl quenchers. Physicochemical and stereoelectronic descriptors appear really informative especially when explored by their corresponding property spaces.
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10
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Hwang SW, Lee YM, Aldini G, Yeum KJ. Targeting Reactive Carbonyl Species with Natural Sequestering Agents. Molecules 2016; 21:280. [PMID: 26927058 PMCID: PMC6273166 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive carbonyl species generated by the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and sugars are highly reactive due to their electrophilic nature, and are able to easily react with the nucleophilic sites of proteins as well as DNA causing cellular dysfunction. Levels of reactive carbonyl species and their reaction products have been reported to be elevated in various chronic diseases, including metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. In an effort to identify sequestering agents for reactive carbonyl species, various analytical techniques such as spectrophotometry, high performance liquid chromatography, western blot, and mass spectrometry have been utilized. In particular, recent advances using a novel high resolution mass spectrometry approach allows screening of complex mixtures such as natural products for their sequestering ability of reactive carbonyl species. To overcome the limited bioavailability and bioefficacy of natural products, new techniques using nanoparticles and nanocarriers may offer a new attractive strategy for increased in vivo utilization and targeted delivery of bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Won Hwang
- Department of Nano Science & Mechatronics Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Korea.
| | - Yoon-Mi Lee
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Health, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Korea.
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Pietro Pratesi, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Kyung-Jin Yeum
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Health, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Korea.
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11
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Cararo JH, Streck EL, Schuck PF, Ferreira GDC. Carnosine and Related Peptides: Therapeutic Potential in Age-Related Disorders. Aging Dis 2015; 6:369-79. [PMID: 26425391 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2015.0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Imidazole dipeptides (ID), such as carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine), are compounds widely distributed in excitable tissues of vertebrates. ID are also endowed of several biochemical properties in biological tissues, including antioxidant, bivalent metal ion chelating, proton buffering, and carbonyl scavenger activities. Furthermore, remarkable biological effects have been assigned to such compounds in age-related human disorders and in patients whose activity of serum carnosinase is deficient or undetectable. Nevertheless, the precise biological role of ID is still to be unraveled. In the present review we shall discuss some evidences from clinical and basic studies for the utilization of ID as a drug therapy for age-related human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- José H Cararo
- 1 Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Programa de Pós-Graduaçãoem Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Emilio L Streck
- 2 Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Patricia F Schuck
- 1 Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Programa de Pós-Graduaçãoem Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo da C Ferreira
- 3 Laboratório de Bioenergética, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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12
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Testa B, Vistoli G, Pedretti A. Small Molecules as Exemplars of Emergent Properties and Diversification into the ‘Adjacent Possible’. Chem Biodivers 2014; 11:1309-29. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Impairment of electron transfer chain induced by acute carnosine administration in skeletal muscle of young rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:632986. [PMID: 24877122 PMCID: PMC4024420 DOI: 10.1155/2014/632986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Serum carnosinase deficiency is an inherited disorder that leads to an accumulation of carnosine in the brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, skeletal muscle, and other tissues of affected patients. Considering that high levels of carnosine are associated with neurological dysfunction and that the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in serum carnosinase deficiency remain poorly understood, we investigated the in vivo effects of carnosine on bioenergetics parameters, namely, respiratory chain complexes (I–III, II, and II-III), malate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase activities and the expression of mitochondrial-specific transcription factors (NRF-1, PGC-1α, and TFAM) in skeletal muscle of young Wistar rats. We observed a significant decrease of complexes I–III and II activities in animals receiving carnosine acutely, as compared to control group. However, no significant alterations in respiratory chain complexes, citric acid cycle enzymes, and creatine kinase activities were found between rats receiving carnosine chronically and control group animals. As compared to control group, mRNA levels of NRF-1, PGC-1α, and TFAM were unchanged. The present findings indicate that electron transfer through the respiratory chain is impaired in skeletal muscle of rats receiving carnosine acutely. In case these findings are confirmed by further studies and ATP depletion is also observed, impairment of bioenergetics could be considered a putative mechanism responsible for the muscle damage observed in serum carnosinase-deficient patients.
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14
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A novel high resolution MS approach for the screening of 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal sequestering agents. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 91:108-18. [PMID: 24463041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An in vitro high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) method was set-up to test the ability of compounds, mixtures and extracts to inhibit protein carbonylation induced by reactive carbonyl species (RCS). The method consists of incubating the protein target (ubiquitin) with 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE) in the presence and absence of the tested compound. After 24h of incubation, the reaction is stopped and the protein is analyzed by high-resolution MS. The extent of protein carbonylation is determined by measuring the area of the +11 multicharged peak of the HNE adduct in respect to the native form. The method was validated by measuring the effect of well-known RCS sequestering agents, namely aminoguanidine, pyridoxamine, hydralazine and carnosine, yielding a good reproducibility and the possibility to be automatable. All the compounds were found to dose-dependently inhibit the protein carbonylation with the following order of potency carnosine≈hydralazine≫aminoguanidine>pyridoxamine, as determined by calculating the UC50 values, that is the concentration required to inhibit ubiquitin carbonylation by 50%. A good correlation was found with the results obtained by measuring HNE consumption using an HPLC method optimized by a mobile phase set at pH 7.4, in order to stabilize the eluted adducts. The MS approach was then applied to test the effect of two selected natural extracts on protein carbonylation, i.e. green coffee bean extract and procyanidins from Vitis vinifera. In summary, this paper reports a validated and highly reproducible MS method to test the ability of pure compounds as well as natural extracts to act as protein carbonylation inhibitors.
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