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Vashisth C, Kaushik T, Vashisth N, Raghav N. Cinnamaldehyde hydrazone derivatives as potential cathepsin B inhibitors: parallel in-vitro investigation in liver and cerebrospinal fluid. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132684. [PMID: 38810845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of cathepsins as a potential target for anticancer drugs has led to extensive research in the development of their inhibitors. In the present study, we designed, synthesized, and characterized several cinnamaldehyde schiff bases employing diverse hydrazines, as potential cathepsin B inhibitors. The parallel studies on cathepsin B isolated from liver and cerebrospinal fluid unveiled the significance of the synthesized compounds as cathepsin B inhibitors at nanomolar concentrations. The compound, 7 exhibited the highest inhibition of 83.48 % and 82.96 % with an IC50 value of 0.06 nM and 0.09 nM for liver and cerebrospinal fluid respectively. The inhibitory potential of synthesized compounds has been extremely effective in comparison to previous reports. With the help of molecular docking studies using iGEMDOCK software, we found that the active site -CH2SH group is involved in the case of α-N-benzoyl-D, l-arginine-b-naphthylamide (BANA), curcumin 2, 3, 6, and 7. For toxicity prediction, ADMET studies were conducted and the synthesized compounds emerged to be non-toxic. The results obtained from the in vitro studies were supported with in silico studies. The synthesized cinnamaldehyde schiff bases can be considered promising drug candidates in conditions with elevated cathepsin B levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal Vashisth
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119, India
| | - Tushar Kaushik
- Lala Lajpat Rai Memorial Medical College (LLRM), Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250004, India
| | - Naman Vashisth
- Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452001, India
| | - Neera Raghav
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119, India.
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2
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Wang Y, Zhao J, Gu Y, Wang H, Jiang M, Zhao S, Qing H, Ni J. Cathepsin H: molecular characteristics and clues to function and mechanism. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115585. [PMID: 37148981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin H (CatH) is a lysosomal cysteine protease with a unique aminopeptidase activity that is extensively expressed in the lung, pancreas, thymus, kidney, liver, skin, and brain. Owing to its specific enzymatic activity, CatH has critical effects on the regulation of biological behaviours of cancer cells and pathological processes in brain diseases. Moreover, a neutral pH level is optimal for CatH activity, so it is expected to be active in the extra-lysosomal and extracellular space. In the present review, we describe the expression, maturation, and enzymatic properties of CatH, and summarize the available experimental evidence that mechanistically links CatH to various physiological and pathological processes. Finally, we discuss the challenges and potentials of CatH inhibitors in CatH-induced disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China; Aerospace Medical Center, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yebo Gu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muzhou Jiang
- Department of Periodontics, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Shuxuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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3
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A decennary update on diverse heterocycles and their intermediates as privileged scaffolds for cathepsin B inhibition. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2270-2308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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4
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Nazarian Z, Arab SS. Solvent-dependent activity of Candida antarctica lipase B and its correlation with a regioselective mono aza-Michael addition - experimental and molecular dynamics simulation studies. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10336. [PMID: 36090210 PMCID: PMC9449572 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aim of gaining understanding of the molecular basis of commercially available Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) immobilized on polyacrylic resin catalyzed regioselective mono aza-Michael addition of Benzhydrazide to Diethyl maleate we decided to carry out molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies in parallel with our experimental study. We found a correlation between the activity of CALB and the choice of solvent. Our study showed that solvent affects the performance of the enzyme due to the binding of solvent molecules to the enzyme active site region, and the solvation energy of substrates in the different solvents. We also found that CALB is only active in nonpolar solvent (i.e. Hexane), and therefore we investigated the influence of Hexane on the catalytic activity of CALB for the reaction. The results of this study and related experimental validation from our studies have been discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Nazarian
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Highway, Tehran 14115-154, Iran
- Department of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran 1983963113, Iran
- Corresponding author.
| | - Seyed Shahriar Arab
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Highway, Tehran 14115-154, Iran
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5
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Pandey V, Sharma K, Raghav N. Ligand-based modeling of semicarbazones and thiosemicarbazones derivatives as Cathepsin B, H, and L inhibitors: A multi-target approach. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Zheng L, Zhuo X, Wang Y, Zou X, Zhong Y, Guo W. Photocatalytic cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction toward the synthesis of N, N-disubstituted hydrazides and their bromides. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00253a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An efficient strategy for the divergent synthesis of N,N-disubstituted hydrazides and their bromides is reported through photoredox-catalytic cross-dehydrogenative coupling of N,N-disubstituted hydrazines and aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvyin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaoying Zou
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yumei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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7
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Kaur R, Raghav N. Some thiocarbamoyl based novel anticathepsin agents. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Fonović UP, Mitrović A, Knez D, Jakoš T, Pišlar A, Brus B, Doljak B, Stojan J, Žakelj S, Trontelj J, Gobec S, Kos J. Identification and characterization of the novel reversible and selective cathepsin X inhibitors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11459. [PMID: 28904354 PMCID: PMC5597618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin X is a cysteine peptidase involved in the progression of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Targeting this enzyme with selective inhibitors opens a new possibility for intervention in several therapeutic areas. In this study triazole-based reversible and selective inhibitors of cathepsin X have been identified. Their selectivity and binding is enhanced when the 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine moiety is present as the R1 substituent. Of a series of selected triazole-benzodioxine derivatives, compound 22 is the most potent inhibitor of cathepsin X carboxypeptidase activity (Ki = 2.45 ± 0.05 μM) with at least 100-fold greater selectivity in comparison to cathepsin B or other related cysteine peptidases. Compound 22 is not cytotoxic to prostate cancer cells PC-3 or pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells at concentrations up to 10 μM. It significantly inhibits the migration of tumor cells and increases the outgrowth of neurites, both processes being under the control of cathepsin X carboxypeptidase activity. Compound 22 and other characterized triazole-based inhibitors thus possess a great potential for further development resulting in several in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urša Pečar Fonović
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ana Mitrović
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Knez
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Jakoš
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Pišlar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Brus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bojan Doljak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jure Stojan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simon Žakelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jurij Trontelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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9
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Cao X, Wang W, Wang S, Bao L. Asymmetric synthesis of novel triazole derivatives and their in vitro antiviral activity and mechanism of action. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:718-725. [PMID: 28858766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, forty-four chiral triazole derivatives have been prepared via asymmetric synthesis, and which has been successfully characterized by typical spectroscopic techniques including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, EI-MS, elemental analysis and optical rotations. Their in vitro antiviral activities against EV71 and CVB3 were fully investigated in cell-based assays. It was observed that 13 synthetic triazole derivatives inhibited the CPE of EV71 on RD cells, with EC50S in the 5.3-15.9 μg/ml range and corresponding SIs of 4.0-27.6, while 17 triazole derivatives showed antiviral activities against CVB3, with EC50S in the 4.7-15.1 μg/ml range and the corresponding SIs of 3.7-14.5. In addition, in some cases, the respective enantiomers showed significantly selective inhibitory effect against EV71, most notably for the enantiomers 9(R) and 10(S), 42(R) and 43(S), which presented an obvious activity difference. The most potential molecules are the compounds 10 and 43 with S-configuration, and which exhibit good SI values compared with the control Ribavirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Cao
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenda Wang
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Longzhu Bao
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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10
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Raghav N, Kaur R. A comparative account of sar studies of semicarbazones and thiosemicarbazones on cathepsins H and L. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Raghav N, Jangra S, Kumar A, Bhattacharyya S. Quinazoline derivatives as cathepsins B, H and L inhibitors and cell proliferating agents. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 94:719-727. [PMID: 27780761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine Cathepsins well known to be involved in cancer, inflammation and regulation of degenerative processes like apoptosis have become specific targets in drug designing. The potential of quinazolines and their derivatives in medicinal chemistry led us to synthesise a novel series of seven compounds of quinazolines to evaluate their effect on cathepsins and cellular aspects of HepG2 cells. In the present work we report the solvent free microwave assisted synthesis of (E)-8-benzylidene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2,4-diarylquinazolines as inhibitors of mammalian hepatic cysteine proteases viz. Cathepsins B, H and L. In vitro inhibition of Cathepsins B, H and L is correlated well with in vitro studies when tested using MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) assay on HepG2 cells, hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. The studies have been extended to evaluate the type of inhibition exhibited by the individual enzyme. Out of the seven compounds 1g i.e. (E)-8-(4-fluorobenzylidene)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-phenyl-5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydroquinazoline has been found to be most inhibitory for Cathepsins B, H and L to a maximum extent with the Ki values of 10-10M, 10-10M and 10-9M order respectively. In silico studies of all compounds have also been done at the active sites of Cathepsin B, H and L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neera Raghav
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136118, Haryana, India.
| | - Suman Jangra
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136118, Haryana, India
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12
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Garg S, Raghav N. 2,5-Diaryloxadiazoles and their precursors as novel inhibitors of cathepsins B, H and L. Bioorg Chem 2016; 67:64-74. [PMID: 27285276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
High levels of cathepsins indicated in various pathological conditions like arthritis, cancer progressions, and atherosclerosis explains the need to explore potential inhibitors of these proteases which can be of great therapeutic significance. We, in the present work, report the synthesis of some 2,5-diaryloxadiazoles from N-subsitutedbenzylidenebenzohydrazides. The synthesized compounds were screened for their inhibitory potential on cathepsins B, H and L. Structure Activity Relationship studies show that 2,5-diaryloxadiazoles were less inhibitory than their precursors. 1i and 2k have been found to be most inhibitory to cathepsins B and L. Their Ki values have been calculated as 11.38×10(-8)M and 66.4×10(-8)M for cathepsin B and 4.2×10(-9)M and 47.31×10(-9)M for cathepsin L, respectively. However, cathepsin H activity was maximally inhibited by compounds, 1e and 2c with Ki values of 4.4×10(-7)M and 5.6×10(-7)M, respectively. Enzyme kinetic studies suggest that these compounds are competitive inhibitors to the enzymes. The results have been compared with docking results obtained using iGemDock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Garg
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, India
| | - Neera Raghav
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, India.
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13
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Raghav N, Jangra S, Kumar A, Bhattacharyya S, Wadhwa D, Sindhu J. Cathepsin B, H and L inhibitors as cell proliferating agents: design, synthesis, computational and pharmacological studies of some novel 2-(2-naphthoyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-aryl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrobenzofuran-4(5H)-ones. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06480a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of 2-(2-naphthoyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-aryl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrobenzofuran-4(5H)-one derivatives synthesized and structure confirmed by X-ray crystallography have been evaluated as inhibitors to cathepsins B, H and L as well as cell proliferating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neera Raghav
- Department of Chemistry
- Kurukshetra University
- Kurukshetra-136118
- India
| | - Suman Jangra
- Department of Chemistry
- Kurukshetra University
- Kurukshetra-136118
- India
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14
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Garg S, Raghav N. N-formylpyrazolines and N-benzoylpyrazolines as potential inhibitors cathepsin L. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2016.3.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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15
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Chalcones, semicarbazones and pyrazolines as inhibitors of cathepsins B, H and L. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 80:710-24. [PMID: 26193682 PMCID: PMC7124378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Three bio macromolecules cathepsins B, H and L of physiological and pathological significance have been selected for the study. The molecules have been designed by combining two important pharmacophores their cyclized analogues and were studied for their inhibitory effects on selected enzymes. Two isomeric forms of chalconesemicarbazones are reported for the first time. The synthesized compounds showed a competitive inhibition towards cathepsins B, H and L. Docking experiments were run along with to relate with in vitro studies.
Cathepsin B [EC 3.4.22.1], cathepsin H [EC 3.4.22.16] and cathepsin L [EC 3.4.22.15] are the most versatile lysosomal cysteine proteases and are responsible for intracellular protein degradation. These are involved in a number of pathological conditions including tissue degenerative processes. In the present work, we report the synthesis and systematic evaluation of differently substituted chalcones, chalconesemicarbazones, and diarylpyrazolines on cathepsins B, H and L activity. It was found that after a preliminary screening as cysteine protease inhibitors, chalconesemicarbazones were better inhibitors to these cysteine proteases than diarylpyrazolines followed by chalcones. All the synthesized compounds were identified as the best inhibitors to cathepsin L followed by cathepsin B and then cathepsin H. The results are compared with docking studies and it was found that all the compounds resulted in decrease in energy while interacting with the active site of the enzyme.
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16
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Singh M, Raghav N. 2,3-Dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives as potential non-peptidyl inhibitors of cathepsins B and H. Bioorg Chem 2015; 59:12-22. [PMID: 25665518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A direct correlation between cathepsin expression-cancer progression and elevated levels of cathepsins due to an imbalance in cellular inhibitors-cathepsins ratio in inflammatory diseases necessitates the work on the identification of potential inhibitors to cathepsins. In the present work we report the synthesis of some 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones followed by their evaluation as cysteine protease inhibitors in general and cathepsin B and cathepsin H inhibitors in particular. 2,3-Dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones, synthesized by the condensation of anthranilamide and carbonyl compound in presence of PPA-SiO2 catalyst, were characterized by spectral analysis. The designed compounds were screened as inhibitors to proteolysis on endogenous protein substrates. Further, a distinct differential pattern of inhibition was obtained for cathepsins B and H. The inhibition was more to cathepsin B with Ki values in nanomolar range. However, cathepsin H was inhibited at micromolar concentration. Maximum inhibition was shown by compounds, 1e and 1f for cathepsin B and compounds 1c and 1f for cathepsin H. The synthesized compounds were established as reversible inhibitors of cathepsins B and H. The results were also compared with the energy of interaction between enzyme active site and compounds using iGemdock software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, India
| | - Neera Raghav
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, India.
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17
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Ravish I, Raghav N. SAR studies of differently functionalized 4′-phenylchalcone based compounds as inhibitors of cathepsins B, H and L. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00357a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
4′-Phenylchalcones and their cyclised derivatives as novel inhibitors of cathepsin B, H and L, potential anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Ravish
- Department of Chemistry
- Kurukshetra University
- Kurukshetra-136119
- India
| | - Neera Raghav
- Department of Chemistry
- Kurukshetra University
- Kurukshetra-136119
- India
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18
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Abstract
Cathepsins, intracellular proteases, are known to be involved in a number of physiological processes such as degradation of extracellular proteins, prohormone processing, progressions of atherosclerosis etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Garg
- Department of Chemistry
- Kurukshetra University
- Kurukshetra-136119
- India
| | - Neera Raghav
- Department of Chemistry
- Kurukshetra University
- Kurukshetra-136119
- India
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19
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Raghav N, Singh M. SAR studies of differently functionalized chalcones based hydrazones and their cyclized derivatives as inhibitors of mammalian cathepsin B and cathepsin H. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:4233-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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20
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Raghav N, Garg S. SAR studies of o-hydroxychalcones and their cyclized analogs and study them as novel inhibitors of cathepsin B and cathepsin H. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 60:55-63. [PMID: 24780403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsins have emerged as a potential target for anti-cancer drug development. In the present study, we have synthesized three structurally related series of flavanoids i.e., 2'-hydroxychalcones, flavanones and flavones and assayed in vitro to study their inhibitory potency against cathepsin B and H, promising drug candidate for cancer therapy. Enzyme kinetics studies were carried out in presence of these compounds after preliminary proteolytic studies on endogenous protein substrates. SAR studies suggested that open chain flavanoids were better inhibitors as compared to their cyclized analogs. The most potent inhibitors among the three series were nitro substituted compounds 1g, 2g and 3g with Ki values of ∼6.18×10(-8) M, 4.8×10(-7) M and 7.85×10(-7) M for cathepsin B and Ki values of ∼2.8×10(-7) M, 31.8×10(-6) M and 33.7×10(-6) M for cathepsin H, respectively. The relationship between chalcone, flavanones and flavone structures interpreted by docking studies on cathepsin B and H also provided useful insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Raghav
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, India.
| | - S Garg
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, India
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An Efficient and Facile Synthesis of 1,2,4-Aryl Triazoles and 4-Thiazolidinones Bearing 6-Fluorochroman Nucleus. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2014; 2014:186207. [PMID: 27350988 PMCID: PMC4897426 DOI: 10.1155/2014/186207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new generation of chroman bearing heterocyclic five membered ring such as 1,2,4-triazoles and thiazolidinones was designed and synthesized. New chroman based nucleus 5-(6-fluorochroman-2-yl)-4-aryl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol and 6-fluorochroman-N-(4-oxo-2-arylthiazolidinin-3-yl) chroman-2-carboxamides were synthesized. Aryl triazole compounds 4a–4j were synthesized from 6-fluorochroman-2-carbohydrazide 2 on reaction with base in methanol and CS2 followed by reaction with substituted aniline. Thiazolidinone compounds 5a–5j were synthesized from 6-fluorochroman-2-carbohydrazide 2 on reaction with substituted aryl aldehyde and thioglycolic acid.
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