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Ghobish SA, Mohamed KO, Farag N, Farag DB. Novel indolyl 1,2,4-triazole derivatives as potential anti-proliferative agents: in silico studies, synthesis, and biological evaluation. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:293-308. [PMID: 38283222 PMCID: PMC10809324 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00524k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
A new series of indolyl 1,2,4-triazole scaffolds was designed, synthesised, and biologically evaluated for their inhibitory activity against both CDK4 and CDK6. The results ranged from 0.049 μM to 3.031 μM on CDK4 and from 0.075 μM to 1.11 μM on CDK6 when compared to staurosporine, with IC50 values of 1.027 and 0.402 μM, respectively. Moreover, all compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity against two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. All of the synthesised compounds showed promising anti-proliferative activity, with two compounds Vf (IC50 = 2.91 and 1.914 μM, respectively) and Vg (IC50 = 0.891 and 3.479 μM, respectively) having potent cytotoxic activity in comparison to the reference staurosporine (IC50 = 3.144 and 4.385 μM, respectively). Vf and Vg were also found to significantly induce apoptosis to 45.33% and 37.26% (control = 1.91%) where Vf arrested the cell cycle at the S phase while Vg arrested the cycle at the G0/G1 phase. The binding mode and interactions of all compounds were studied and found to mimic those of the FDA approved CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib that was used as a reference throughout the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Ghobish
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University Cairo Egypt
| | - Khaled O Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Cairo Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University (Arish branch) El Arish Egypt
| | - Nahla Farag
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University Cairo Egypt
| | - Doaa B Farag
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University Cairo Egypt
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2
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Li L, Chen F, Li M, Liao Y, Wang Y, Jiang W, Luan Y, Xue X. Development of novel palbociclib-based CDK4/6 inhibitors exploring the back pocket behind the gatekeeper. Invest New Drugs 2023; 41:638-651. [PMID: 37470887 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-023-01385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
CDK4/6 inhibitors plus endocrine therapy is a standard therapy for HR+/HER2- breast cancer. Herein, using structure-based drug design strategy, a novel series of palbociclib derivatives were designed and synthesized as CDK4/6 inhibitors, among which compound 17m exhibited more potent CDK4/6 inhibitory activity and in vitro antiproliferative activity against the phosphorylated Rb-positive cell line MDA-MB-453 than the approved drug palbociclib. Moreover, compound 17m possessed remarkable CDK4/6 selectivity over other CDK family members including CDK1, CDK2, CDK3, CDK5, CDK7 and CDK9. The potent and selective CDK4/6 inhibitory activity endowed compound 17m with robust G1 cell cycle arrest ability in MDA-MB-453 cells. The intracellular inhibition of CDK4/6 by 17m was confirmed by western blot analysis of the levels of phosphorylated Rb in MDA-MB-453 cells. With respect to the metabolic stability, compound 17m possessed longer half-life (t1/2) in mouse liver microsome than palbociclib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengquan Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengzhe Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxiang Liao
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Institute of Medical Science, Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Luan
- Institute of Medical Science, Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Xiao D, Gan Q, Duan X, Wang Q, Jiang Y, Han P, Zhang J. Preparation and Evaluation of [ 18F]AlF-NOTA-PBB for PET Imaging of Cyclin-dependent Kinase 4/6 in Tumors. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4528-4536. [PMID: 37661815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), especially cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6), have been targets for the development of specific tumor imaging agents. Palbociclib is a highly selective CDK4/6 inhibitor. In this study, to develop a novel 18F-labeled palbociclib derivative for specific tumor imaging, we designed and synthesized a ligand (NOTA-PBB) consisting of palbociclib as the targeted pharmacophore and NOTA as the macrocyclic bifunctional chelator. The corresponding [18F]AlF-NOTA-PBB complex was prepared with high radiochemical purity (98.4 ± 0.15%) and yield (58.7 ± 4.5%) within 35 min without requiring HPLC purification through a simple one-step 18F-labeling strategy of NOTA-AlF chelation chemistry. The radiotracer was lipophilic (log P = 0.095 ± 0.003) and had good stability in vitro and in vivo. The cellular uptake studies performed on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line (ER-positive and HER2-negative) showed that radioactive uptake was blocked by preincubating with a molar dose of palbociclib and it had a nanomolar binding affinity to CDK4/6 (IC50 = 16.23 ± 1.84 nM), demonstrating a CDK4/6-mediated uptake mechanism. Its ex vivo biodistribution in nude mice-bearing MCF-7 tumors showed obvious tumor uptake and a high tumor/muscle ratio of [18F]AlF-NOTA-PBB, and tumor uptake was inhibited with 100 μg of palbociclib, demonstrating specific binding to CDK4/6. Radioactivity accumulation in MCF-7 tumors was observed in PET imaging with [18F]AlF-NOTA-PBB. Based on the results of this work, [18F]AlF-NOTA-PBB has the promising capability as a CDK4/6-targeted tumor imaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Product Administration), College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qianqian Gan
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Product Administration), College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaojiang Duan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Qianna Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Product Administration), College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuhao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Product Administration), College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Peiwen Han
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Product Administration), College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Junbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Product Administration), College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Fang L, Chu M, Yan C, Liu Y, Zhao Z. Palbociclib and Michael-acceptor hybrid compounds as CDK4/6 covalent inhibitors: improved potency, broad anticancer spectrum and overcoming drug resistance. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 84:117263. [PMID: 37011445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
To search for potent CDK4/6 covalent inhibitors, total 14 compounds have been designed and synthesized by connecting different Michael-acceptor to the piperazine moiety of palbociclib. All the compounds displayed good antiproliferative activity against human hepatoma cell (HepG2), non-small cell lung cancer (A549), and breast cancer (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) cell lines. In particular, compound A4 showed the highest inhibitory activity to MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 0.51 μM and 0.48 μM, respectively. More importantly, A4 also showed strong inhibition against MDA-MB-231/palbociclib cells, indicating that A4 could effectively avoid the resistance of palbociclib. In the enzyme test, A4 showed selective inhibitory activity against CDK4/6, with the IC50 value of 18 nM and 13 nM, respectively. It was also found that A4 could efficiently induce apoptosis and arrest the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase. Moreover, A4 could significantly decrease the phosphorylation level of CDK4 and CDK6. HPLC and molecular modeling studies suggested that A4 could form a covalent bond with the target protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Mengqi Chu
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Changhang Yan
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Zimeng Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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Al-Ghorbani M, Gouda MA, Baashen M, Alharbi O, Almalki FA, Ranganatha LV. Piperazine Heterocycles as Potential Anticancer Agents: A Review. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02597-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Facile synthesis of C1-substituted β-carbolines as CDK4 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. Bioorg Chem 2022; 121:105659. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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7
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Yuan K, Wang X, Dong H, Min W, Hao H, Yang P. Selective inhibition of CDK4/6: A safe and effective strategy for developing anticancer drugs. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:30-54. [PMID: 33532179 PMCID: PMC7838032 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The sustained cell proliferation resulting from dysregulation of the cell cycle and activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) is a hallmark of cancer. The inhibition of CDKs is a highly promising and attractive strategy for the development of anticancer drugs. In particular, third-generation CDK inhibitors can selectively inhibit CDK4/6 and regulate the cell cycle by suppressing the G1 to S phase transition, exhibiting a perfect balance between anticancer efficacy and general toxicity. To date, three selective CDK4/6 inhibitors have received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and 15 CDK4/6 inhibitors are in clinical trials for the treatment of cancers. In this perspective, we discuss the crucial roles of CDK4/6 in regulating the cell cycle and cancer cells, analyze the rationale for selectively inhibiting CDK4/6 for cancer treatment, review the latest advances in highly selective CDK4/6 inhibitors with different chemical scaffolds, explain the mechanisms associated with CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance and describe solutions to overcome this issue, and briefly introduce proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC), a new and revolutionary technique used to degrade CDK4/6.
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Key Words
- AKT, protein kinase B
- AML, acute myeloid leukemia
- CDK4/6
- CDKs, cyclin-dependent kinases
- CIP/KIP, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1/kinase inhibitory protein
- CKIs, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors
- CPU, China Pharmaceutical University
- CRPC, castration-resistant prostate cancer
- Cancer
- Cell cycle
- Drug resistance
- ER, estrogen receptor
- ERK, extracellular regulated protein kinases
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- FLT, fms-like tyrosine kinase
- HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
- INK4, inhibitors of CDK4
- JAK, janus kinase
- MCL, mantle cell lymphoma
- MM, multiple myeloma
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- ORR, overall response rates
- PDK1, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1
- PFS, progression-free survival
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase
- PR, progesterone receptor
- PROTAC
- PROTAC, proteolysis targeting chimera
- RB, retinoblastoma protein
- SPH, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd.
- STATs, signal transducers and activators of transcription
- Selectivity
- UNISA, University of South Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haojie Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenjian Min
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Sharma A, Wakode S, Fayaz F, Khasimbi S, Pottoo FH, Kaur A. An Overview of Piperazine Scaffold as Promising Nucleus for Different Therapeutic Targets. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4373-4385. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200417154810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Piperazine scaffolds are a group of heterocyclic atoms having pharmacological values and showing
significant results in pharmaceutical chemistry. Piperazine has a flexible core structure for the design and synthesis
of new bioactive compounds. These flexible heterogenous compounds exhibit various biological roles, primarily
anticancer, antioxidant, cognition enhancers, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiinflammatory,
anti-HIV-1 inhibitors, antidiabetic, antimalarial, antidepressant, antianxiety and anticonvulsant
activities, etc. In the past few years, researchers focused on the therapeutic profile of piperazine synthons for
different biological targets. The present review highlights the development in designing pharmacological activities
of nitrogen-containing piperazine moiety as a therapeutic agent. The extensive popularity of piperazine as a
drug of abuse and their vast heterogeneity research efforts over the last years motivated the new investigators to
further explore this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Sector-3, MB Road, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi-110017, India
| | - Sharad Wakode
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Sector-3, MB Road, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi-110017, India
| | - Faizana Fayaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Sector-3, MB Road, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi-110017, India
| | - Shaik Khasimbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Sector-3, MB Road, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi-110017, India
| | - Faheem H. Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. BOX 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Avneet Kaur
- SGT college of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana- 122001, India
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Kalra S, Joshi G, Kumar M, Arora S, Kaur H, Singh S, Munshi A, Kumar R. Anticancer potential of some imidazole and fused imidazole derivatives: exploring the mechanism via epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:923-939. [PMID: 33479688 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00146e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Imidazole-based epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors were computationally designed and synthesized. All the compounds were assessed for their anti-proliferative activity against five cancer cell lines, viz., MDA-MB-231 (breast), T47D (breast) and MCF-7 (breast), A549 (lung) and HT-29 (colorectal). Compounds 2c and 2d emerged as better anticancer molecules with no toxicity towards normal cells. 2c and 2d inhibited EGFR enzymatic activity in vitro with IC50 values of 617.33 ± 0.04 nM and 710 ± 0.05 nM, respectively. In order to further improve the potency, we explored an unoccupied area of the ATP binding domain of EGFR and analysed an in silico interaction model of 2c and 2d-EGFR complexes that guided and allowed substitution of the 4-fluorophenyl ring (2c and 2d) with 4-(4-methylpiperazinyl)-3-nitrophenyl at the N-9 position, resulting in compound 3c with a better binding score and potent EGFR inhibitory activity (IC50: 236.38 ± 0.04 nM), which was comparable to the positive control erlotinib (239.91 ± 0.05 nM). 3c exhibited a great improvement in anticancer potency with inhibition of cell growth of all cancer cell lines at very low micromolar concentrations (IC50 = 1.98 to 4.07 μM). Further investigation revealed that 3c also induced an increase in ROS levels in cancer cells in a mitochondrial-independent manner and halted the cell cycle at the sub-G1 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Kalra
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine , School of Health Sciences , Central University of Punjab , Bathinda , 151001 , India . ;
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products , School of Basic and Applied Sciences , Central University of Punjab , Bathinda , 151001 , India . ,
| | - Manvendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products , School of Basic and Applied Sciences , Central University of Punjab , Bathinda , 151001 , India . ,
| | - Sahil Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products , School of Basic and Applied Sciences , Central University of Punjab , Bathinda , 151001 , India . ,
| | - Harsimrat Kaur
- Desh Bhagat Dental College and Hospital , Mandi Gobindgarh , India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine , School of Health Sciences , Central University of Punjab , Bathinda , 151001 , India . ;
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine , School of Health Sciences , Central University of Punjab , Bathinda , 151001 , India . ;
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products , School of Basic and Applied Sciences , Central University of Punjab , Bathinda , 151001 , India . ,
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De Dominici M, Porazzi P, Xiao Y, Chao A, Tang HY, Kumar G, Fortina P, Spinelli O, Rambaldi A, Peterson LF, Petruk S, Barletta C, Mazo A, Cingolani G, Salvino JM, Calabretta B. Selective inhibition of Ph-positive ALL cell growth through kinase-dependent and -independent effects by CDK6-specific PROTACs. Blood 2020; 135:1560-1573. [PMID: 32040545 PMCID: PMC7193186 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019003604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the cell cycle regulatory gene CDK6 is required for Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell growth, whereas expression of the closely related CDK4 protein is dispensable. Moreover, CDK6 silencing is more effective than treatment with the dual CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib in suppressing Ph+ ALL in mice, suggesting that the growth-promoting effects of CDK6 are, in part, kinase-independent in Ph+ ALL. Accordingly, we developed CDK4/6-targeted proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) that inhibit CDK6 enzymatic activity in vitro, promote the rapid and preferential degradation of CDK6 over CDK4 in Ph+ ALL cells, and markedly suppress S-phase cells concomitant with inhibition of CDK6-regulated phospho-RB and FOXM1 expression. No such effects were observed in CD34+ normal hematopoietic progenitors, although CDK6 was efficiently degraded. Treatment with the CDK6-degrading PROTAC YX-2-107 markedly suppressed leukemia burden in mice injected with de novo or tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant primary Ph+ ALL cells, and this effect was comparable or superior to that of the CDK4/6 enzymatic inhibitor palbociclib. These studies provide "proof of principle" that targeting CDK6 with PROTACs that inhibit its enzymatic activity and promote its degradation represents an effective strategy to exploit the "CDK6 dependence" of Ph+ ALL and, perhaps, of other hematologic malignancies. Moreover, they suggest that treatment of Ph+ ALL with CDK6-selective PROTACs would spare a high proportion of normal hematopoietic progenitors, preventing the neutropenia induced by treatment with dual CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco De Dominici
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Patrizia Porazzi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Paolo Fortina
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Orietta Spinelli
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rambaldi
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università Statale Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luke F Peterson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; and
| | - Svetlana Petruk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Camilla Barletta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Alexander Mazo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gino Cingolani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Bruno Calabretta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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Gan Q, Song X, Zhang X, Zhang J. Preparation and evaluation of 99mTc-labeled HYNIC-palbociclib analogs for cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6-positive tumor imaging. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 188:112032. [PMID: 31926467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.112032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression and amplification of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) occur in many cancers and may be the cause of resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors in preclinical models. However, there are few investigations on the assessment of CDK4/6 expression in tumors or other tissues. Palbociclib, which was approved in 2015 to treat ER+/HER2-breast cancer in combination with letrozole, is a selective CDK4/6 inhibitor. In this study, an intermediate (compound 3), which could be hydrolyzed into the ligand (compound L) consisting of palbociclib as the bioactive molecule and 6-hydrazino nicotinamide (HYNIC) as the bifunctional chelator, was synthesized. Compound L was radiolabeled with 99mTc using tricine/TPPTS or tricine/TPPMS as co-ligands. 99mTc-tricine-TPPTS-L and 99mTc-tricine-TPPMS-L were prepared with high radiochemical purity without postlabeling purification. They had great in vitro stability. Both radiotracers were hydrophilic, but 99mTc-tricine-TPPTS-L had a lower log P value. In vitro cell uptake studies in MCF-7 cells showed that cellular uptake was blocked by preincubation with palbociclib, suggesting a CDK4/6-mediated uptake mechanism. Biodistribution in mice bearing MCF-7 tumors showed that 99mTc-tricine-TPPTS-L had higher tumor uptake than 99mTc-tricine-TPPMS-L, while they had comparable tumor-to-muscle and tumor-to-blood ratios. Radioactivity accumulation in tumors was obvious in micro-SPECT/CT images with 99mTc-tricine-TPPTS-L. When mice were preinjected with palbociclib, tumor uptake of 99mTc-tricine-TPPTS-L significantly decreased and the tumor accumulation was clearly lost, confirming CDK4/6 specificity. All results in this work indicated that 99mTc-tricine-TPPTS-L is a promising tumor imaging agent that targets CDK4/6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Gan
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Song
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Xuran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Junbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
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Song X, Gan Q, Zhang X, Zhang J. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 99mTc-Labeled Palbociclib Derivatives Targeting Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) as Potential Cancer Imaging Agents. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4213-4222. [PMID: 31424939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer results from cell proliferation that exceeds normal growth control. There are various specific proteins that control and regulate the cell cycle, such as cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), cyclins, and retinoblastoma protein (pRb). The aberration of the cyclin D-CDK4/6-INK4-pRb pathway occurs frequently in cancers; thus, CDK4/6 is an attractive target for the development of radiopharmaceuticals for tumor imaging. In this study, we chose palbociclib, which was approved by the FDA for treating ER+/HER2- advanced breast cancer as the target vector and the isonitrile group, which can coordinate strongly with the [99mTc(CO)3]+ core as the bifunctional chelator, to develop four novel 99mTc-labeled radiotracers for tumor imaging. The ligands (L2, L3, L4, and L5) were synthesized by reacting palbociclib with isocyanide-containing active esters and then radiolabeling with a [99mTc(CO)3]+ core to produce radiotracers (99mTc-L2, 99mTc-L3, 99mTc-L4, and 99mTc-L5) with high radiochemical purity (>95%) and good stability in vitro. The structures of the 99mTc complexes were identified by preparation and characterization of the corresponding stable rhenium complexes. Partition coefficient results indicated that these complexes were lipophilic. A kinase inhibition assay demonstrated the high affinity of the stable Re complexes for CDK4. A cell study showed that all four complexes had substantial uptake by MCF-7 cells and could be significantly inhibited by palbociclib and nonradiolabeled ligand, indicating a CDK4/6-specific uptake mechanism. Biodistribution studies in nude mice bearing MCF-7 tumors showed that the complexes had obvious accumulation in tumors at 2 h postinjection. 99mTc-L2 exhibited the highest tumor uptake and tumor/blood ratio, whereas 99mTc-L4 showed the highest tumor/muscle ratio. The micro-SPECT/CT study showed that complex 99mTc-L4 had visible uptake at the tumor site, and the accumulation was clearly reduced in the image after pretreatment with palbociclib, further indicating CDK4/6 specificity. All the results showed that the 99mTc-labeled complexes in this work have the potential for tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Song
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Gan
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Xuran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Junbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
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Poratti M, Marzaro G. Third-generation CDK inhibitors: A review on the synthesis and binding modes of Palbociclib, Ribociclib and Abemaciclib. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 172:143-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Facchetti G, Petrella F, Spaggiari L, Rimoldi I. Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: State of the art and advanced cell therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 142:266-270. [PMID: 28800871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive malignancy highly resistant to chemotherapy, with a response rate of 20% of patients and for this reason an efficient treatment is still a challenge. Platinum-based chemotherapy in association with a third-generation antifolate is the front-line standard of care whereas any second-line treatment was approved for MPM thus making it a pathology that evokes the need for new therapeutic agents. Different platinum-drugs were synthesised and tested as an option for patients who are not candidates to cisplatin-based therapy. Among these, monofunctional cationic antineoplastic platinum compounds received a special attention in the last decade. Alternative strategies to the commonly used combination-therapy resulted from the use of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSC) widely used in the field of regenerative medicine and recently proposed as natural carriers for a selective delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and from the use of immune checkpoint and kinase inhibitors. The present short review shed light on the recent state of art and the future perspectives relative to MPM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Facchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Petrella
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spaggiari
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Rimoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Sirvent JA, Lücking U. Novel Pieces for the Emerging Picture of Sulfoximines in Drug Discovery: Synthesis and Evaluation of Sulfoximine Analogues of Marketed Drugs and Advanced Clinical Candidates. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:487-501. [PMID: 28221724 PMCID: PMC5485063 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Sulfoximines have gained considerable recognition as an important structural motif in drug discovery of late. In particular, the clinical kinase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer, roniciclib (pan-CDK inhibitor), BAY 1143572 (P-TEFb inhibitor), and AZD 6738 (ATR inhibitor), have recently drawn considerable attention. Whilst the interest in this underrepresented functional group in drug discovery is clearly on the rise, there remains an incomplete understanding of the medicinal-chemistry-relevant properties of sulfoximines. Herein we report the synthesis and in vitro characterization of a variety of sulfoximine analogues of marketed drugs and advanced clinical candidates to gain a better understanding of this neglected functional group and its potential in drug discovery.
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