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Repetowski P, Warszyńska M, Kostecka A, Pucelik B, Barzowska A, Emami A, İşci Ü, Dumoulin F, Dąbrowski JM. Synthesis, Photo-Characterizations, and Pre-Clinical Studies on Advanced Cellular and Animal Models of Zinc(II) and Platinum(II) Sulfonyl-Substituted Phthalocyanines for Enhanced Vascular-Targeted Photodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:48937-48954. [PMID: 39241197 PMCID: PMC11420872 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/08/2024]
Abstract
Two phthalocyanine derivatives tetra-peripherally substituted with tert-butylsulfonyl groups and coordinating either zinc(II) or platinum(II) ions have been synthesized and subsequently investigated in terms of their optical and photochemical properties, as well as biological activity in cellular, tissue-engineered, and animal models. Our research has revealed that both synthesized phthalocyanines are effective generators of reactive oxygen species (ROS). PtSO2tBu demonstrated an outstanding ability to generate singlet oxygen (ΦΔ = 0.87-0.99), while ZnSO2tBu in addition to 1O2 (ΦΔ = 0.45-0.48) generated efficiently other ROS, in particular ·OH. Considering future biomedical applications, the affinity of the tested phthalocyanines for biological membranes (partition coefficient; log Pow) and their primary interaction with serum albumin were also determined. To facilitate their biological administration, a water-dispersible formulation of these phthalocyanines was developed using Pluronic triblock copolymers to prevent self-aggregation and improve their delivery to cancer cells and tissues. The results showed a significant increase in cellular uptake and phototoxicity when phthalocyanines were incorporated into the customizable polymeric micelles. Moreover, the improved distribution in the body and photodynamic efficacy of the encapsulated phthalocyanines were investigated in hiPSC-delivered organoids and BALB/c mice bearing CT26 tumors. Both photosensitizers exhibit strong antitumor activity. Notably, vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (V-PDT) led to complete tumor eradication in 84% of ZnSO2tBu and 100% of PtSO2tBu-treated mice, and no recurrence has so far been observed for up to five months after treatment. In the case of PtSO2tBu, the effect was significantly stronger, offering a wider range of light doses suitable for achieving effective PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Repetowski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków 30-387, Poland
- Doctoral
School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian
University, Kraków 30-348, Poland
| | - Marta Warszyńska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków 30-387, Poland
- Doctoral
School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian
University, Kraków 30-348, Poland
| | - Anna Kostecka
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Barbara Pucelik
- Małopolska
Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków 30-387, Poland
- Łukasiewicz
Research Network—Kraków Institute of Technology, Kraków 30-418, Poland
| | - Agata Barzowska
- Małopolska
Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków 30-387, Poland
- Łukasiewicz
Research Network—Kraków Institute of Technology, Kraków 30-418, Poland
| | - Atefeh Emami
- Faculty of
Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Ataşehir, Istanbul 34752, Türkiye
| | - Ümit İşci
- Faculty
of Technology, Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Türkiye
| | - Fabienne Dumoulin
- Faculty of
Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Ataşehir, Istanbul 34752, Türkiye
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2
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Warszyńska M, Pucelik B, Vinagreiro CS, Repetowski P, Barzowska A, Barczyk D, Schaberle FA, Duque-Prata A, Arnaut LG, Pereira MM, Dąbrowski JM. Better in the Near Infrared: Sulfonamide Perfluorinated-Phenyl Photosensitizers for Improved Simultaneous Targeted Photodynamic Therapy and Real-Time Fluorescence Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39276331 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c11171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Tetraphenyloporphyrin derivatives are a useful scaffold for developing new pharmaceuticals for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and the photodiagnosis (PD) of cancer. We synthesized new sulfonamide fluorinated porphyrin derivatives and investigated their potential as photosensitizers and real-time bioimaging agents for cancer. We found that 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-[2',3',5',6'-tetrafluoro-4'-methanesulfamidyl)phenyl]bacteriochlorin (F4BMet) has intense absorption and fluorescence in the near-infrared, efficiently generates singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals, has low toxicity in the dark, and high phototoxicity. We increased its bioavailability with encapsulation in Pluronic-based micelles, which also improved the photodynamic effect. F4BMet exhibits pH-dependent properties (lower pH promoted its aggregation), and a GlyGly buffer was used to effectively solubilize the compound. In vitro findings with 2D cell culture were complemented with human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived organoids. F4BMet in P123 micelles showed enhanced efficacy compared to F4BMet in the GlyGly formulation. F4BMet was further evaluated in real-time bioimaging and PDT of BALB/c mice bearing CT26 tumors. After i.v. injection, the photosensitizer was visible in the tumor area 3 h after injection. The most successful therapeutic approach proved to be tumor-targeted PDT using P123-encapsulated F4BMet illuminated 24 h after administration with a light dose of 42 J/cm2, which led to a 30% long-term cure rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Warszyńska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Pucelik
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-Kraków Institute of Technology, ul. Zakopiańska 73, 30-418 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Paweł Repetowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Barzowska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-Kraków Institute of Technology, ul. Zakopiańska 73, 30-418 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dominik Barczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Fábio A Schaberle
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amilcar Duque-Prata
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luis G Arnaut
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariette M Pereira
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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Şahin Z, Önal E, Ali LMA, Durand D, Emami A, Touré M, İşci U, Gary-Bobo M, Cammas-Marion S, Dumoulin F. Nanoencapsulation of a Far-Red Absorbing Phthalocyanine into Poly(benzylmalate) Biopolymers and Modulation of Their Photodynamic Efficiency. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:3261-3270. [PMID: 38752976 PMCID: PMC11170942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Two different poly(benzylmalate) biopolymers, a hydrophobic non-PEGylated (PMLABe73) and an amphiphilic PEGylated derivative (PEG42-b-PMLABe73), have been used to encapsulate a phthalocyanine chosen for its substitution pattern that is highly suitable for photodynamic therapy. Different phthalocyanine/(co)polymers ratios have been used for the nanoprecipitation. A set of six nanoparticles has been obtained. If the amphiphilic PEGylated copolymer proved to be slightly more efficient for the encapsulation and to lower the aggregation of the phthalocyanine inside the nanoparticles, it is, however, the hydrophobic PMLABe73-based nanoparticles that exhibited the best photodynamic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynel Şahin
- Faculty
of Technology, Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Emel Önal
- Faculty
of Engineering, Doğuş University, Ümraniye, 34775 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Lamiaa M. A. Ali
- IBMM,
Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France
- Department
of Biochemistry Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, 21561 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Denis Durand
- IBMM,
Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Atefeh Emami
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Department, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Ataşehir, 34752 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Marie Touré
- IBMM,
Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Umit İşci
- Faculty
of Technology, Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | | | - Sandrine Cammas-Marion
- Univ
Rennes,
ENSCR, INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de
Rennes)—UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
- INSERM,
INRAE, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer),
U1317, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Fabienne Dumoulin
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Department, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Ataşehir, 34752 Istanbul, Türkiye
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Nene LC, Abrahamse H. Design consideration of phthalocyanines as sensitizers for enhanced sono-photodynamic combinatorial therapy of cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1077-1097. [PMID: 38486981 PMCID: PMC10935510 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the diseases with the highest incidence and mortality globally. Conventional treatment modalities have demonstrated threatening drawbacks including invasiveness, non-controllability, and development of resistance for some, including chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. Sono-photodynamic combinatorial therapy (SPDT) has been developed as an alternative treatment modality which offers a non-invasive and controllable therapeutic approach. SPDT combines the mechanism of action of sonodynamic therapy (SDT), which uses ultrasound, and photodynamic therapy (PDT), which uses light, to activate a sensitizer and initiate cancer eradication. The use of phthalocyanines (Pcs) as sensitizers for SPDT is gaining interest owing to their ability to induce intracellular oxidative stress and initiate toxicity under SDT and PDT. This review discusses some of the structural prerequisites of Pcs which may influence their overall SPDT activities in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindokuhle Cindy Nene
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
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Erden F. Graphene Oxide/Cholesterol-Substituted Zinc Phthalocyanine Composites with Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7060. [PMID: 38004990 PMCID: PMC10672206 DOI: 10.3390/ma16227060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, cholesterol (Chol)-substituted zinc phthalocyanine (Chol-ZnPc) and its composite with graphene oxide (GO) were prepared for photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications. Briefly, Chol-substituted phthalonitrile (Chol-phthalonitrile) was synthesized first through the substitution of Chol to the phthalonitrile group over the oxygen bridge. Then, Chol-ZnPc was synthesized by a tetramerization reaction of Chol-phthalonitrile with ZnCl2 in a basic medium. Following this, GO was introduced to Chol-ZnPc, and the successful preparation of the samples was verified through FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR, MALDI-TOF MS, SEM, and elemental analysis. Regarding PDT properties, we report that Chol-ZnPc exhibited a singlet oxygen quantum yield (Φ∆) of 0.54, which is slightly lower than unsubstituted ZnPc. Upon introduction of GO, the GO/Chol-ZnPc composite exhibited a higher Φ∆, about 0.78, than that of unsubstituted ZnPc. Moreover, this enhancement was realized with a simultaneous improvement in fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) to 0.36. In addition, DPPH results suggest low antioxidant activity in the composite despite the presence of GO. Overall, GO/Chol-ZnPc might provide combined benefits for PDT, particularly in terms of image guidance and singlet oxygen generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuat Erden
- Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Sivas University of Science and Technology, 58000 Sivas, Türkiye
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Gergely LP, Yüceel Ç, İşci Ü, Spadin FS, Schneider L, Spingler B, Frenz M, Dumoulin F, Vermathen M. Comparing PVP and Polymeric Micellar Formulations of a PEGylated Photosensitizing Phthalocyanine by NMR and Optical Techniques. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4165-4183. [PMID: 37493236 PMCID: PMC10410667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Phthalocyanines are ideal candidates as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer due to their favorable chemical and photophysical properties. However, their tendency to form aggregates in water reduces PDT efficacy and poses challenges in obtaining efficient forms of phthalocyanines for therapeutic applications. In the current work, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and micellar formulations were compared for encapsulating and monomerizing a water-soluble zinc phthalocyanine bearing four non-peripheral triethylene glycol chains (Pc1). 1H NMR spectroscopy combined with UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that Pc1 exists as a mixture of regioisomers in monomeric form in dimethyl sulfoxide but forms dimers in an aqueous buffer. PVP, polyethylene glycol castor oil (Kolliphor RH40), and three different triblock copolymers with varying proportions of polyethylene and polypropylene glycol units (termed P188, P84, and F127) were tested as micellar carriers for Pc1. 1H NMR chemical shift analysis, diffusion-ordered spectroscopy, and 2D nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy was applied to monitor the encapsulation and localization of Pc1 at the polymer interface. Kolliphor RH40 and F127 micelles exhibited the highest affinity for encapsulating Pc1 in the micellar core and resulted in intense Pc1 fluorescence emission as well as efficient singlet oxygen formation along with PVP. Among the triblock copolymers, efficiency in binding and dimer dissolution decreased in the order F127 > P84 > P188. PVP was a strong binder for Pc1. However, Pc1 molecules are rather surface-attached and exist as monomer and dimer mixtures. The results demonstrate that NMR combined with optical spectroscopy offer powerful tools to assess parameters like drug binding, localization sites, and dynamic properties that play key roles in achieving high host-guest compatibility. With the corresponding adjustments, polymeric micelles can offer simple and easily accessible drug delivery systems optimizing phthalocyanines' properties as efficient photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea P. Gergely
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Çiğdem Yüceel
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Gebze Technical
University, Gebze 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ümit İşci
- Department
of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
- Marmara
University, Faculty of Technology, Department
of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | | | - Lukas Schneider
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Martin Frenz
- Institute
of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Dumoulin
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Department, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Ataşehir, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Martina Vermathen
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
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7
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Theoretical Evaluation of the Interactions between Metal-Phthalocyanines and Various Fullerenes as Delivery Systems. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4030069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents a non-invasive method with good results in the treatment of superficial tumors. PDT is based on a combination of two factors, namely, a non-toxic photosensitizing molecule and a light source; the photosensitizer absorbs a photon of radiation, leading to a series of reactions that cause irreversible damage to the affected tissue. The present paper investigates the photosensitization properties of nine substituted metal-phthalocyanines (the central metals being iron, nickel, and zinc). In addition, the interactions between the aforementioned compounds and four fullerenes are investigated by means of molecular docking studies in order to verify their potential as delivery systems for phthalocyanines. Our results outline that the properties of metal-phthalocyanines are mainly influenced by the type of substituent and to a lesser extent by the nature of the metal. The binding energies of the metal-phthalocyanines towards the fullerenes suggest a slight increased affinity for the fullerene C52 as compared to the three nitrogen- and phosphorus-doped C46N3P3 fullerenes.
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8
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Zinc(II), Palladium(II), and Metal-Free Phthalocyanines Bearing Nipagin-Functionalized Substituents against Candida auris and Selected Multidrug-Resistant Microbes. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081686. [PMID: 36015312 PMCID: PMC9416722 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the rapidly increasing problem of antibiotic resistance in recent years, the use of phthalocyanines as photosensitizers with their superior properties in photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (PACT) applications has become important. In this study, magnesium(II) 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octakis(4-[4-butoxycarbonylphenoxy]butyloxy)phthalocyanine was used in the demetalation reaction in trifluoroacetic acid, and subsequently subjected to metalation reaction in dimethylformamide with zinc(II) acetate and bis(benzonitrile)palladium(II) chloride towards zinc(II) and palladium(II) derivatives. Three phthalocyanines, including a demetalated one as well as two metalated, in the core with zinc(II) and palladium(II) were characterized using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. In addition, all macrocycles were subjected to absorption and emission studies as well as photostability tests. In a photochemical study, zinc(II) and palladium(II) phthalocyanine complexes appeared to be efficient singlet oxygen generators. There were noted quantum yields of singlet oxygen generation for zinc(II) phthalocyanine derivative in DMF and DMSO at 0.55 and 0.72, whereas for palladium(II) complex at 0.73 and 0.77, respectively. Liposomal formulations of phthalocyanine derivatives were prepared, and their activity was evaluated against a broad spectrum of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli (ESBL+), Candida albicans resistant to fluconazole, C. auris, and against dermatophytes. Phthalocyanine palladium(II) complex showed the highest bactericidal activity against all antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, including reducing C. auris growth at 3.54 log.
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9
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NIR-I region absorbing halogenated phenylamino zinc (II) phthalocyanines: Synthesis and photophysical properties. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.120995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Pucelik B, Dąbrowski JM. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) as a promising alternative to current pharmaceuticals for the treatment of resistant microorganisms. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022; 79:65-103. [PMID: 35095189 PMCID: PMC8787646 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although the whole world is currently observing the global battle against COVID-19, it should not be underestimated that in the next 30 years, approximately 10 million people per year could be exposed to infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria. As new antibiotics come under pressure from unpredictable resistance patterns and relegation to last-line therapy, immediate action is needed to establish a radically different approach to countering resistant microorganisms. Among the most widely explored alternative methods for combating bacterial infections are metal complexes and nanoparticles, often in combination with light, but strategies using monoclonal antibodies and bacteriophages are increasingly gaining acceptance. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) uses light and a dye termed a photosensitizer (PS) in the presence of oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the field of illumination that eventually kill microorganisms. Over the past few years, hundreds of photomaterials have been investigated, seeking ideal strategies based either on single molecules (e.g., tetrapyrroles, metal complexes) or in combination with various delivery systems. The present work describes some of the most recent advances of PDI, focusing on the design of suitable photosensitizers, their formulations, and their potential to inactivate bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Particular attention is focused on the compounds and materials developed in our laboratories that are capable of killing in the exponential growth phase (up to seven logarithmic units) of bacteria without loss of efficacy or resistance, while being completely safe for human cells. Prospectively, PDI using these photomaterials could potentially cure infected wounds and oral infections caused by various multidrug-resistant bacteria. It is also possible to treat the surfaces of medical equipment with the materials described, in order to disinfect them with light, and reduce the risk of nosocomial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pucelik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Janusz M Dąbrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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11
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Gourdon L, Cariou K, Gasser G. Phototherapeutic anticancer strategies with first-row transition metal complexes: a critical review. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1167-1195. [PMID: 35048929 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00609f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) are therapeutic techniques based on a photosensitizer (PS) and light. These techniques allow the spatial and temporal control of the activation of drugs with light. Transition metal complexes are attractive compounds as photoactivatable prodrugs since their excited states can be appropriately designed by subtle modifications of the ligands, the metal centre, or the oxidation state. However, most metal-based PSs contain heavy metals such as Ru, Os, Ir, Pt or Au, which are expensive and non-earth-abundant, contrary to first-row transition metals. In this context, the exploration of the photochemical properties of complexes based on first-row transition metals appears to be extremely promising. This did encourage several groups to develop promising PSs based on these metals. This review presents up-to-date state-of-the-art information on first-row-transition metal complexes, from titanium to zinc in regard to their application as PSs for phototherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gourdon
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Kevin Cariou
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005 Paris, France.
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12
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Barbosa PM, Campanholi KDSS, Vilsinski BH, Ferreira SBDS, Gonçalves RS, Castro-Hoshino LVD, Oliveira ACVD, Sato F, Baesso ML, Bruschi ML, Caetano W. Aluminum phthalocyanine hydroxide-loaded thermoresponsive biomedical hydrogel: A design for targeted photosensitizing drug delivery. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Lanquist AP, Gupta S, Al-Afyouni KF, Al-Afyouni M, Kodanko JJ, Turro C. Trifluoromethyl substitution enhances photoinduced activity against breast cancer cells but reduces ligand exchange in Ru(ii) complex. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12056-12067. [PMID: 34667571 PMCID: PMC8457392 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03213e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of five ruthenium complexes containing triphenyl phosphine groups known to enhance both cellular penetration and photoinduced ligand exchange, cis-[Ru(bpy)2(P(p-R-Ph)3)(CH3CN)]2+, where bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine and P(p-R-Ph)3 represent para-substituted triphenylphosphine ligands with R = -OCH3 (1), -CH3 (2) -H (3), -F (4), and -CF3 (5), were synthesized and characterized. The photolysis of 1-5 in water with visible light (λ irr ≥ 395 nm) results in the substitution of the coordinated acetonitrile with a solvent molecule, generating the corresponding aqua complex as the single photoproduct. A 3-fold variation in quantum yield was measured with 400 nm irradiation, Φ 400, where 1 is the most efficient with a Φ 400 = 0.076(2), and 5 the least photoactive complex, with Φ 400 = 0.026(2). This trend is unexpected based on the red-shifted metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) absorption of 1 as compared to that of 5, but can be correlated to the substituent Hammett para parameters and pK a values of the ancillary phosphine ligands. Complexes 1-5 are not toxic towards the triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 in the dark, but 3 and 5 are >4.2 and >19-fold more cytotoxic upon irradiation with blue light, respectively. A number of experiments point to apoptosis, and not to necrosis or necroptosis, as the mechanism of cell death by 5 upon irradiation. These findings provide a foundation for understanding the role of phosphine ligands on photoinduced ligand substitution and show the enhancement afforded by -CF3 groups on photochemotherapy, which will aid the future design of photocages for photochemotherapeutic drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin P Lanquist
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Sayak Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University Detroit MI 48208 USA
| | - Kathlyn F Al-Afyouni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Malik Al-Afyouni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Jeremy J Kodanko
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University Detroit MI 48208 USA
| | - Claudia Turro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
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14
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Vargas-Zúñiga GI, Kim HS, Li M, Sessler JL, Kim JS. Pyrrole-based photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy — a Thomas Dougherty award paper. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621300044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic modality that uses light to treat malignant or benign diseases. A photosensitizer, light, and oxygen are the three main components needed to generate a cytotoxic effect. Pyrrole-based photosensitizers have been widely used for PDT. Many of the photosensitizers within this class are macrocyclic. This is particularly true for systems that have received regulatory approval or been the subject of clinical trials. However, in recent years, a number of boron dipyrromethanes (BODIPY) have been studied as photosensitizers. Herein, we review examples of some of the most relevant pyrrole-based photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela I. Vargas-Zúñiga
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street-A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA
| | - Hyeong Seok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Mingle Li
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street-A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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15
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Chen D, Xu Q, Wang W, Shao J, Huang W, Dong X. Type I Photosensitizers Revitalizing Photodynamic Oncotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006742. [PMID: 34038611 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown great potential for tumor treatment with merits of non-invasiveness, high selectivity, and minimal side effects. However, conventional type II PDT relying on 1 O2 presents poor therapeutic efficacy for hypoxic tumors due to the oxygen-dependent manner. Alternatively, emerging researches have demonstrated that type I PDT exhibits superiority over type II PDT in tumor treatment owing to its diminished oxygen-dependence. In this review, state-of-the-art studies concerning recent progress in type I photosensitizers are scrutinized, emphasizing the strategies to construct highly effective type I photosensitizers. As the foundation, basic principles of type I PDT are presented, and up-to-date type I photosensitizers are summarized and classified based on their attributes. Then, a literature review of representative type I photosensitizers (including nanomaterials and small molecules) is presented with impetus to delineate their novel designs, action mechanisms, as well as anticancer PDT applications. Finally, the remaining challenges and development directions of type I photosensitizers are outlined, highlighting key scientific issues toward clinical translations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Chen
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Jinjun Shao
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xiaochen Dong
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 210009, China
- Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
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16
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Pobłocki K, Drzeżdżon J, Kostrzewa T, Jacewicz D. Coordination Complexes as a New Generation Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Anticancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8052. [PMID: 34360819 PMCID: PMC8348047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become an alternative to standard cancer treatment methods such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The uniqueness of this method relies on the possibility of using various photosensitizers (PS) that absorb and convert light emission in radical oxygen-derived species (ROS). They can be present alone or in the presence of other compounds such as metal organic frameworks (MOFs), non-tubules or polymers. The interaction between DNA and metal-based complexes plays a key role in the development of new anti-cancer drugs. The use of coordination compounds in PDT has a significant impact on the amount ROS generated, quantum emission efficiency (Φem) and phototoxic index (PI). In this review, we will attempt to systematically review the recent literature and analyze the coordination complexes used as PS in PDT. Finally, we compared the anticancer activities of individual coordination complexes and discuss future perspectives. So far, only a few articles link so many transition metal ion coordination complexes of varying degrees of oxidation, which is why this review is needed by the scientific community to further expand this field worldwide. Additionally, it serves as a convenient collection of important, up-to-date information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Pobłocki
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (K.P.); (D.J.)
| | - Joanna Drzeżdżon
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (K.P.); (D.J.)
| | - Tomasz Kostrzewa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Dagmara Jacewicz
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (K.P.); (D.J.)
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17
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Casa S, Henary M. Synthesis and Applications of Selected Fluorine-Containing Fluorophores. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041160. [PMID: 33671600 PMCID: PMC7927054 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of fluorine-containing small molecules has had numerous benefits of improving the quality and efficiency of many applications of these compounds. For example, fluorine adds promising functionalities in various areas of imaging (MRI, PET, and NIR); gives cell-targeting properties; and has demonstrated improvements in cell permeability, solubility, and other pharmacologic properties. For these and other numerous reasons, fluorination of molecules has grown in popularity in various fields of chemistry. Many reports show the effects observed from increasing the number of fluorine atoms on a fluorophore scaffold. This report will cover the most significant applications and improvements that fluorine has contributed to in various dye scaffolds such as BODIPY, rhodamine, phthalocyanine, and cyanine in the recent decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Casa
- Department of Chemistry, Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA;
| | - Maged Henary
- Department of Chemistry, Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA;
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +404-413-5566; Fax: +404-413-5505
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18
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Hayashi Y, Morimoto A, Maeda T, Enoki T, Ooyama Y, Matsui Y, Ikeda H, Yagi S. Synthesis of novel π-extended D–A–D-type dipyrido[3,2- a:2′,3′- c]phenazine derivatives and their photosensitized singlet oxygen generation. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05526c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Electron donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) π-conjugated molecules based on dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine (dppz) were developed as photosensitizers for singlet oxygen generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Japan
| | - Ami Morimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Japan
| | - Takeshi Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Japan
| | - Toshiaki Enoki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University
- Japan
| | - Yousuke Ooyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University
- Japan
| | - Yasunori Matsui
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yagi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Japan
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19
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Chen K, Li X, Huang B, Ye Q, Xiao W, Guan X, Chen L, Peng Y. Thiophenic silicon phthalocyanines: synthesis, characterization, and photophysical properties. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04355a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, photophysical properties, and in vitro photodynamic therapy efficacies of three thiophenic silicon phthalocyanines were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuizhi Chen
- College of Chemistry & Materials
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou
| | - Xia Li
- College of Chemistry & Materials
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou
| | - Bingcheng Huang
- College of Chemistry & Materials
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou
| | - Qiuhao Ye
- College of Chemistry & Materials
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou
| | - Wenling Xiao
- College of Chemistry & Materials
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou
| | - Xinqiao Guan
- College of Chemistry & Materials
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou
| | - Limin Chen
- Fujian Medical University
- Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University
- Fuzhou 350004
- China
| | - Yiru Peng
- College of Chemistry & Materials
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou
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20
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Farajzadeh N, Sağlam Ö, Akin M, Saki N, Koçak MB. Investigation of tyrosinase enzyme (from mushroom) inhibitory activities and antioxidant properties of new fluorine-containing phthalocyanines. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 354:e2000340. [PMID: 33300638 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of new peripherally or nonperipherally substituted phthalocyanines bearing 4-(trifluoromethoxy)thiophenyl groups was synthesized. In addition, a new metal-free phthalocyanine bearing 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy on the nonperipheral position was prepared. The resulting phthalocyanines were characterized using some spectroscopic techniques such as 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, together with elemental analysis. When the tyrosinase enzyme inhibition activities of the synthesized phthalocyanines were examined, molecules 2b and 3b showed an inhibitory activity against the enzyme with IC50 values of 176.2 ± 0.65 and 284.4 ± 1.03, respectively. The inhibition types of the molecules and standard inhibitor kojic acid were found as competitive for 2b, mixed for 1b and kojic acid, and uncompetitive for 3b. Antioxidant activities were also assessed by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assays, and the molecules showed moderate antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Farajzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özgül Sağlam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Akin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Saki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Makbule B Koçak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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21
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Parveen S, Alnoman RB, Hagar M, Ahmed HA, Knight JG. Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and DFT Calculation of a Half‐Strapped BODIPY as Potential EGFR Inhibitor**. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Parveen
- Faculty of Science Chemistry Department Taibah University 46423 Yanbu Saudi Arabia
| | - Rua B. Alnoman
- Faculty of Science Chemistry Department Taibah University 46423 Yanbu Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad Hagar
- Faculty of Science Chemistry Department Taibah University 46423 Yanbu Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Science Chemistry Department Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Hoda A. Ahmed
- Faculty of Science Chemistry Department Taibah University 46423 Yanbu Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry Cairo University Cairo Egypt
| | - Julian G. Knight
- School of Chemistry Bedson Building Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
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22
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Sağlam Ö, Farajzadeh N, Yaşa Atmaca G, Erdoğmuş A, Koçak MB. Effect of Position and Connected Atom on Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of Some Fluorinated Metallophthalocyanines. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 97:270-277. [PMID: 32885462 DOI: 10.1111/php.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the preparation of a new phthalonitrile derivative namely 3-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)thiophenoxy)phthalonitrile (1) and a series of its metallated phthalocyanines (M = Zn (II) (1a) and In(III) (1b)). In addition, the peripheral analog of the indium phthalocyanine chloride (2b) was newly synthesized. Characterization of the resulting compounds was carried out by utilizing various spectroscopic methods such as FT-IR, 1 H NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The influence of concentration on aggregation properties of compound 1a was investigated at different concentrations of DMSO. The effect of solvent type on aggregation properties of compound 1a was studied, as well. According to the referred procedures, the macrocyclic molecules (2a, 3a-b and 4a-b) were prepared. The effect of some parameters including metal ion, the position of the substituent and the connected atom (oxo or thio) on photochemical and photophysical features of compounds (1a-b, 2a-b, 3a-b, and 4a-b) was studied for evaluation of their potential as a photosensitizer in PDT, comparatively. The highest singlet oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ = 0.71 for 1a and 0.80 for 2b) were obtained for complexes 1a and 1b in DMSO. The photophysical and photochemical features of the studied macromolecules are therefore suitable for photodynamic therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgül Sağlam
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazli Farajzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Göknur Yaşa Atmaca
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Erdoğmuş
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Makbule Burkut Koçak
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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23
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Burtsev I, Platonova Y, Volov A, Tomilova L. Synthesis, characterization and photochemical properties of novel octakis(p–fluorophenoxy)substituted phthalocyanine and its gallium and indium complexes. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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24
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Pucelik B, Sułek A, Dąbrowski JM. Bacteriochlorins and their metal complexes as NIR-absorbing photosensitizers: properties, mechanisms, and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Pucelik B, Sułek A, Barzowska A, Dąbrowski JM. Recent advances in strategies for overcoming hypoxia in photodynamic therapy of cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 492:116-135. [PMID: 32693200 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The selectivity of photodynamic therapy (PDT) derived from the tailored accumulation of photosensitizing drug (photosensitizer; PS) in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and from local irradiation, turns it into a "magic bullet" for the treatment of resistant tumors without sparing the healthy tissue and possible adverse effects. However, locally-induced hypoxia is one of the undesirable consequences of PDT, which may contribute to the emergence of resistance and significantly reduce therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, the development of strategies using new approaches in nanotechnology and molecular biology can offer an increased opportunity to eliminate the disadvantages of hypoxia. Emerging evidence indicates that wisely designed phototherapeutic procedures, including: (i) ROS-tunable photosensitizers, (ii) organelle targeting, (iii) nano-based photoactive drugs and/or PS delivery nanosystems, as well as (iv) combining them with other strategies (i.e. PTT, chemotherapy, theranostics or the design of dual anticancer drug and photosensitizers) can significantly improve the PDT efficacy and overcome the resistance. This mini-review addresses the role of hypoxia and hypoxia-related molecular mechanisms of the HIF-1α pathway in the regulation of PDT efficacy. It also discusses the most recent achievements as well as future perspectives and potential challenges of PDT application against hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pucelik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Sułek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Barzowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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26
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Pucelik B, Sułek A, Drozd A, Stochel G, Pereira MM, Pinto SMA, Arnaut LG, Dąbrowski JM. Enhanced Cellular Uptake and Photodynamic Effect with Amphiphilic Fluorinated Porphyrins: The Role of Sulfoester Groups and the Nature of Reactive Oxygen Species. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082786. [PMID: 32316355 PMCID: PMC7216003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A class of amphiphilic photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) was developed. Sulfonate esters of modified porphyrins bearing-F substituents in the ortho positions of the phenyl rings have adequate properties for PDT, including absorption in the red, increased cellular uptake, favorable intracellular localization, low cytotoxicity, and high phototoxicity against A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma) and CT26 (murine colon carcinoma) cells. Moreover, the role of type I and type II photochemical processes was assessed by fluorescent probes specific for various reactive oxygen species (ROS). The photodynamic effect is improved not only by enhanced cellular uptake but also by the high generation of both singlet oxygen and oxygen-centered radicals. All of the presented results support the idea that the rational design of photosensitizers for PDT can be further improved by better understanding the determinants affecting its therapeutic efficiency and explain how smart structural modifications can make them suitable photosensitizers for application in PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pucelik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Małopolska Center of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Sułek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Drozd
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grażyna Stochel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Sara M. A. Pinto
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luis G. Arnaut
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Janusz M. Dąbrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-686-2488; Fax: +48-12-686-2750
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27
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Synthesis, electrochemistry and in situ spectroelectrochemistry of novel tetra- and octa-substituted metallophthalocyanines bearing peripherally 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy groups. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.114264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Mlynarczyk DT, Piskorz J, Popenda L, Stolarska M, Szczolko W, Konopka K, Jurga S, Sobotta L, Mielcarek J, Düzgüneş N, Goslinski T. S-seco-porphyrazine as a new member of the seco-porphyrazine family - Synthesis, characterization and photocytotoxicity against cancer cells. Bioorg Chem 2020; 96:103634. [PMID: 32044518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An important subgroup within the porphyrazine (Pz) family constitutes seco-porphyrazines, in the chemical structure of which one pyrrole unit is opened in the oxidative process. So far, there are only limited data on N-seco- and C-seco-Pzs. Here, the synthesis of a novel member of the Pzs seco-family, represented by an S-seco-tribenzoporphyrazine analogue, 22,23-bis(4-(3,5-dibutoxycarbonylphenoxy)butylsulfanyl)tribenzo[b,g,l]-22,23-dioxo-22,23-seco-porphyrazinato magnesium(II), is reported, with moderate 34% yield. The new derivative was characterized using NMR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. In the photochemical study performed following the indirect chemical method with 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran, S-seco-Pz revealed a high singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.27 in DMF. Potential photocytotoxicity of S-seco-Pz was assessed in vitro on three cancer cell lines - two oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines derived from the tongue (CAL 27, HSC-3) and human cervical epithelial adenocarcinoma cells (HeLa). In the biological study, the macrocycle was tested in its free form and after loading into liposomes. It is worth noting that S-seco-Pz was found to be non-toxic in the dark, with cell viability levels over 80%. The photocytotoxic IC50 values for free S-seco-Pz were 0.61, 0.18, and 4.1 µM for CAL 27, HSC-3 and HeLa cells, respectively. Four different liposomal compositions were analyzed, and the cationic liposomes revealed the highest photokilling efficacy, with the IC50 values for CAL 27, HSC-3, and HeLa cells at 0.24, 0.25, and 0.31 µM, respectively. The results of the photocytotoxicity study indicate that the new S-seco-tribenzoporphyrazine can be considered as a potential photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy of cancer, along with the developed cationic liposomal nanocarrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz T Mlynarczyk
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Piskorz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Lukasz Popenda
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Stolarska
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Szczolko
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Krystyna Konopka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni Scholl of Dentistry, 155 Fifth Street, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Stefan Jurga
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Lukasz Sobotta
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Mielcarek
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Nejat Düzgüneş
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni Scholl of Dentistry, 155 Fifth Street, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Tomasz Goslinski
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland.
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Pfister S, Sauser L, Gjuroski I, Furrer J, Vermathen M. Monitoring the encapsulation of chlorin e6 derivatives into polymer carriers by NMR spectroscopy. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619501815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The encapsulation of five derivatives of chlorin e6 with different hydrophobicity and aggregation properties into a series of five poloxamer-type triblock copolymer micelles (BCMs) with varying numbers of polyethylene and polypropylene glycol (PEG, PPG) units was monitored using 1H NMR spectroscopy. NMR chemical shift and line shape analysis, as well as dynamic methods including diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) and T1 and T2 relaxation time measurements of the chlorin and the polymer resonances, proved useful to assess the chlorin–BCM compatibility. The poloxamers had high capability to break up aggregates formed by chlorins up to intermediate hydrophobicity. Physically entrapped chlorins were always localized in the BCM core region. The loading capacity correlated with chlorin polarity for all poloxamers among which those with the lowest number of PPG units were most efficient. DOSY data revealed that relatively weakly aggregating chlorins partition between the aqueous bulk and micellar environment whereas more hydrophobic chlorins are well retained in the BCM core region, rendering these systems more stable. T1 and T2 relaxation time measurements indicated that motional freedom in the BCM core region contributes to encapsulation efficiency. The BCM corona dynamics were rather insensitive towards chlorin entrapment except for the poloxamers with short PEG chains. The presented data demonstrate that 1H NMR spectroscopy is a powerful complementary tool for probing the compatibility of porphyrinic compounds with polymeric carriers such as poloxamer BCMs, which is a prerequisite in the development of stable and highly efficient drug delivery systems suitable for medical applications like photodynamic therapy of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pfister
- University of Bern, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luca Sauser
- University of Bern, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ilche Gjuroski
- University of Bern, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julien Furrer
- University of Bern, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martina Vermathen
- University of Bern, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Demazeau M, Gibot L, Mingotaud AF, Vicendo P, Roux C, Lonetti B. Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:180-212. [PMID: 32082960 PMCID: PMC7006492 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a technique already used in ophthalmology or oncology. It is based on the local production of reactive oxygen species through an energy transfer from an excited photosensitizer to oxygen present in the biological tissue. This review first presents an update, mainly covering the last five years, regarding the block copolymers used as nanovectors for the delivery of the photosensitizer. In particular, we describe the chemical nature and structure of the block copolymers showing a very large range of existing systems, spanning from natural polymers such as proteins or polysaccharides to synthetic ones such as polyesters or polyacrylates. A second part focuses on important parameters for their design and the improvement of their efficiency. Finally, particular attention has been paid to the question of nanocarrier internalization and interaction with membranes (both biomimetic and cellular), and the importance of intracellular targeting has been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Demazeau
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Gibot
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne-Françoise Mingotaud
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Patricia Vicendo
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Clément Roux
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Barbara Lonetti
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
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31
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Alnoman RB, Parveen S, Hagar M, Ahmed HA, Knight JG. A new chiral boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based fluorescent probe: molecular docking, DFT, antibacterial and antioxidant approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:5429-5442. [PMID: 31809642 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1701555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A new chiral BODIPY-based fluorescent compound, 5-bromo-4,4-difluoro-3(S)-1-phenylethyl)amino) BODIPY, 4 was synthesized for biomedical applications. Optical, antimicrobial, antioxidant properties of the compound 4 are investigated. The partition coefficient suggested that the compound 4 has the potential to be developed as an active antibacterial and antioxidant candidate. In this context, antibacterial assay was carried out for compound 4 against various bacterial strains, revealing maximum inhibition zone (24 ± 2.19 mm) in Escherichia coli. Moreover, results of antioxidant activity of compound 4 revealed IC50 values to be greater than ascorbic acid. Molecular docking has given brief insight about the binding of the compound 4, suggesting that it has a strong potential to inhibit bacterial target enzymes viz., DNA gyrase, enzymes in the type II fatty acid synthesis and Ddl (d-alanine: d-alanine ligase) in peptidoglycan synthesis. The molecular geometry and electrostatic potential of compound 4, was established by DFT (Density Functional Theory) calculations.AbbreviationsBBBblood‒brain barrierBDEbond dissociation energyBODIPYboron-dipyrromethaneDdlD-alanine:D-alanine ligaseDDQ2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinoneDFTdensity functional theoryDNAdeoxyribonucleic acidDPPH1,1‒diphenyl‒2‒picrylhydrazylNBSN-bromo succinimideROSreactive oxygen speciesUV-visultraviolet-visibleFMOfrontier molecular orbitalsHOMOhighest occupied molecular orbitalLUMOlowest unoccupied molecular orbitalCommunicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rua B Alnoman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shazia Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad Hagar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hoda A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Julian G Knight
- School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Lo PC, Rodríguez-Morgade MS, Pandey RK, Ng DKP, Torres T, Dumoulin F. The unique features and promises of phthalocyanines as advanced photosensitisers for photodynamic therapy of cancer. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 49:1041-1056. [PMID: 31845688 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00129h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Phthalocyanines exhibit superior photoproperties that make them a surely attractive class of photosensitisers for photodynamic therapy of cancer. Several derivatives are at various phases of clinical trials, and efforts have been put continuously to improve their photodynamic efficacy. To this end, various strategies have been applied to develop advanced phthalocyanines with optimised photoproperties, dual therapeutic actions, tumour-targeting properties and/or specific activation at tumour sites. The advantageous properties and potential of phthalocyanines as advanced photosensitisers for photodynamic therapy of cancer are highlighted in this tutorial review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Chi Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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33
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Pavlíčková V, Rimpelová S, Jurášek M, Záruba K, Fähnrich J, Křížová I, Bejček J, Rottnerová Z, Spiwok V, Drašar P, Ruml T. PEGylated Purpurin 18 with Improved Solubility: Potent Compounds for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. Molecules 2019; 24:E4477. [PMID: 31817655 PMCID: PMC6943672 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpurin 18 derivatives with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker were synthesized as novel photosensitizers (PSs) with the goal of using them in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer. These compounds, derived from a second-generation PS, exhibit absorption at long wavelengths; considerable singlet oxygen generation and, in contrast to purpurin 18, have higher hydrophilicity due to decreased logP. Together, these properties make them potentially ideal PSs. To verify this, we screened the developed compounds for cell uptake, intracellular localization, antitumor activity and induced cell death type. All of the tested compounds were taken up into cancer cells of various origin and localized in organelles known to be important PDT targets, specifically, mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. The incorporation of a zinc ion and PEGylation significantly enhanced the photosensitizing efficacy, decreasing IC50 (half maximal inhibitory compound concentration) in HeLa cells by up to 170 times compared with the parental purpurin 18. At effective PDT concentrations, the predominant type of induced cell death was apoptosis. Overall, our results show that the PEGylated derivatives presented have significant potential as novel PSs with substantially augmented phototoxicity for application in the PDT of cervical, prostate, pancreatic and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimíra Pavlíčková
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (J.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Silvie Rimpelová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (J.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Michal Jurášek
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Kamil Záruba
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (K.Z.); (J.F.)
| | - Jan Fähnrich
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (K.Z.); (J.F.)
| | - Ivana Křížová
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Jiří Bejček
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (J.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Zdeňka Rottnerová
- Central laboratories, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Vojtěch Spiwok
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (J.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Pavel Drašar
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Tomáš Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (J.B.); (V.S.)
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Aroso RT, Calvete MJ, Pucelik B, Dubin G, Arnaut LG, Pereira MM, Dąbrowski JM. Photoinactivation of microorganisms with sub-micromolar concentrations of imidazolium metallophthalocyanine salts. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 184:111740. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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35
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Kuncewicz J, Dąbrowski JM, Kyzioł A, Brindell M, Łabuz P, Mazuryk O, Macyk W, Stochel G. Perspectives of molecular and nanostructured systems with d- and f-block metals in photogeneration of reactive oxygen species for medical strategies. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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36
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Surface Modification of Nanocrystalline TiO2 Materials with Sulfonated Porphyrins for Visible Light Antimicrobial Therapy. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9100821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly-active, surface-modified anatase TiO2 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized and characterized. The morphological and optical properties of the obtained (metallo)porphyrin@qTiO2 materials were evaluated using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). These hybrid nanoparticles efficiently generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) under blue-light irradiation (420 ± 20 nm) and possessed a unimodal size distribution of 20–70 nm in diameter. The antimicrobial performance of the synthetized agents was examined against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. After a short-term incubation of microorganisms with nanomaterials (at 1 g/L) and irradiation with blue-light at a dose of 10 J/cm2, 2–3 logs of Escherichia coli, and 3–4 logs of Staphylococcus aureus were inactivated. A further decrease in bacteria viability was observed after potentiation photodynamic inactivation (PDI), either by H2O2 or KI, resulting in complete microorganism eradication even when using low material concentration (from 0.1 g/L). SEM analysis of bacteria morphology after each mode of PDI suggested different mechanisms of cellular disruption depending on the type of generated oxygen and/or iodide species. These data suggest that TiO2-based materials modified with sulfonated porphyrins are efficient photocatalysts that could be successfully used in biomedical strategies, most notably, photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms.
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37
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Karwicka M, Pucelik B, Gonet M, Elas M, Dąbrowski JM. Effects of Photodynamic Therapy with Redaporfin on Tumor Oxygenation and Blood Flow in a Lung Cancer Mouse Model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12655. [PMID: 31477749 PMCID: PMC6718604 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Three photodynamic therapy (PDT) protocols with 15 min, 3 h and 72 h drug-to-light time intervals (DLIs) were performed using a bacteriochlorin named redaporfin, as a photosensitizer. Blood flow and pO2 changes after applying these protocols were investigated in a Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) mouse model and correlated with long-term tumor responses. In addition, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity and photocytotoxicity of redaporfin in LLC cells were evaluated. Our in vitro tests revealed negligible cytotoxicity, significant cellular uptake, generation of singlet oxygen, superoxide ion and hydroxyl radicals in the cells and changes in the mechanism of cell death as a function of the light dose. Results of in vivo studies showed that treatment focused on vascular destruction (V-PDT) leads to a highly effective long-term antineoplastic response mediated by a strong deprivation of blood supply. Tumors in 67% of the LLC bearing mice treated with V-PDT regressed completely and did not reappear for over 1 year. This significant efficacy can be attributed to photosensitizer (PS) properties as well as distribution and accurate control of oxygen level and density of vessels before and after PDT. V-PDT has a greater potential for success than treatment based on longer DLIs as usually applied in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Karwicka
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Pucelik
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
- Jagiellonian University, Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Gonet
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Martyna Elas
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Janusz M Dąbrowski
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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38
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Type I photodynamic therapy by organic–inorganic hybrid materials: From strategies to applications. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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39
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Sułek A, Pucelik B, Kuncewicz J, Dubin G, Dąbrowski JM. Sensitization of TiO2 by halogenated porphyrin derivatives for visible light biomedical and environmental photocatalysis. Catal Today 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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40
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Ovchenkova EN, Bichan NG, Ksenofontov AA, Lomova TN. New dyads based on trifluoromethylated phthalocyanine derivatives and substituted fullerene with possible application photoinduced electron transfer. J Fluor Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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41
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Zinc(II) phthalocyanines as photosensitizers for antitumor photodynamic therapy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 114:105575. [PMID: 31362060 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a highly specific and clinically approved method for cancer treatment in which a nontoxic drug known as photosensitizer (PS) is administered to a patient. After selective tumor irradiation, an almost complete eradication of the tumor can be reached as a consequence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which not only damage tumor cells, but also lead to tumor-associated vasculature occlusion and the induction of an immune response. Despite exhaustive investigation and encouraging results, zinc(II) phthalocyanines (ZnPcs) have not been approved as PSs for clinical use yet. This review presents an overview on the physicochemical properties of ZnPcs and biological results obtained both in vitro and in more complex models, such as 3D cell cultures, chicken chorioallantoic membranes and tumor-bearing mice. Cell death pathways induced after PDT treatment with ZnPcs are discussed in each case. Finally, combined therapeutic strategies including ZnPcs and the currently available clinical trials are mentioned.
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42
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Revuelta-Maza MA, Nonell S, de la Torre G, Torres T. Boosting the singlet oxygen photosensitization abilities of Zn(ii) phthalocyanines through functionalization with bulky fluorinated substituents. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7448-7454. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00872a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-aggregated, crosswise ZnPcs functionalized with bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl groups in facing isoindoles have proved efficient photosensitizers for singlet oxygen generation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià
- Universitat Ramon Llull
- 08017 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem)
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
| | - Tomás Torres
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem)
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
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Chambre L, Saw WS, Ekineker G, Kiew LV, Chong WY, Lee HB, Chung LY, Bretonnière Y, Dumoulin F, Sanyal A. Surfactant-Free Direct Access to Porphyrin-Cross-Linked Nanogels for Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:4149-4159. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chambre
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Gülçin Ekineker
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | - Yann Bretonnière
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon,
CNRS UMR 5182, Université Lyon I, Laboratoire de Chimie, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Dumoulin
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
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44
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Photodynamic therapy as an alternative to antibiotic therapy for the treatment of infected leg ulcers. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 23:132-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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45
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da Silva RN, Cunha Â, Tomé AC. Phthalocyanine–sulfonamide conjugates: Synthesis and photodynamic inactivation of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 154:60-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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46
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Cheah HY, Gallon E, Dumoulin F, Hoe SZ, Japundžić-Žigon N, Glumac S, Lee HB, Anand P, Chung LY, Vicent MJ, Kiew LV. Near-Infrared Activatable Phthalocyanine–Poly-L-Glutamic Acid Conjugate: Enhanced in Vivo Safety and Antitumor Efficacy toward an Effective Photodynamic Cancer Therapy. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2594-2605. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Gallon
- Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Fabienne Dumoulin
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, P.O Box 141, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | - Nina Japundžić-Žigon
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Sofija Glumac
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | | | - Prem Anand
- Gasing Veterinary Hospital, Gasing Indah, 46000 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Maria Jesus Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain
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Gürol İ, Gümüş G, Tarakci DK, Güngör Ö, Durmuş M, Ahsen V. Photophysical and photochemical properties of fluoroether-substituted zinc(II) and titanium(IV) phthalocyanines. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424618500074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of novel zinc(II) (1a–4a) and oxo-titanium(IV) (1b–4b) phthalocyanine derivatives bearing 1H,1H-nona?uoro-3,6-dioxaheptan-1-ol groups are described for the first time. These phthalocyanines (1a–4a and 1b–4b) were characterized by elemental analysis and different spectroscopic techniques such as UV-vis, [Formula: see text]H NMR, FTIR and mass. Furthermore, the photophysical (fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes) and photochemical (singlet oxygen generation and photodegradation) properties of these phthalocyanines were investigated in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution. The influence of the number of the substituted groups (tetra or octa), position of the substituents (peripheral or non-peripheral) and central metal atom (zinc or titanium) on the photophysical and photochemical properties of these phthalocyanines were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlke Gürol
- TUBITAK, Marmara Research Center, Materials Institute, P.O. Box 21, 41470 Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gülay Gümüş
- TUBITAK, Marmara Research Center, Materials Institute, P.O. Box 21, 41470 Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Deniz Kutlu Tarakci
- TUBITAK, Marmara Research Center, Materials Institute, P.O. Box 21, 41470 Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ömer Güngör
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry Technology, Kocaeli University, Advance Vocational School of Hereke Omer Ismet, Uzunyol, 41800, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Vefa Ahsen
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
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İşci Ü, Topal SZ, Önal E, Fidan İ, Berber S, Ahsen V, Parejo C, Sastre-Santos Á, Dumoulin F. Synthesis and characterization of a new meso-tetra-dihydro benzocyclobutacenaphthylene free-base porphyrin. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424618500062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A meso-tetra-6b,10b-dihydrobenzo[j]cyclobut[a]acenaphthylene free-base porphyrin was synthesised and its photophysical, photochemical and electrochemical properties were compared with those of free-base meso-tetraphenylporphyrin. The frontier orbitals and the HOMO–LUMO energy gaps of both compounds were also determined. It was demonstrated that the meso6b,10b-Dihydrobenzo[j]cyclobut[a]acenaphthylene porphyrin retained the same properties as the tetraphenylporphyrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ümit İşci
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Sevinc Zehra Topal
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Emel Önal
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - İsmail Fidan
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Savaş Berber
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Physics, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Vefa Ahsen
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Concepción Parejo
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda. de la Universidad, s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Ángela Sastre-Santos
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda. de la Universidad, s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Fabienne Dumoulin
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Trifluoromethyl Boron Dipyrromethene Derivatives as Potential Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020458. [PMID: 29463048 PMCID: PMC6017863 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, two novel boron dipyrromethene-based photosensitizers (BDP3 and BDP6) substituted with three or six trifluoromethyl groups have been synthesized and characterized with various spectroscopic methods, and their photo-physical, photo-chemical, and photo-biological properties have also been explored. The two photosensitizers are highly soluble and remain nonaggregated in N,N-dimethylformamide as shown by the intense and sharp Q-band absorption. Under red light irradiation (λ = 660 nm, 1.5 J/cm2), both photosensitizers show high and comparable cytotoxicity towards HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma and HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells with IC50 values of 0.42–0.49 μM. The high photocytotoxicity of BDP3 and BDP6 can be due to their high cellular uptake and low aggregation tendency in biological media, which result in a high efficiency to generate reactive oxygen species inside the cells. Confocal laser fluorescence microscopic studies indicate that they have superior selective affinities to the mitochondria and lysosomes of HepG2 and HeLa cells. The results show that these two trifluoromethyl boron dipyrromethene derivatives are potential anticancer agents for photodynamic therapy.
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50
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Alpugan S, Topkaya D, Dumoulin F. Disulfide-bridge dimeric porphyrin and their reference compounds for glutathione-based specific tumor-activation. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617500961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The tumor micro-environment is rich in glutathione. To exploit this feature for tumor-activatable porphyrin-based photosensitizers, a dimeric disulfide-bridged porphyrin has been designed and prepared, together with two reference derivatives, a non-cleavable dimer and a monomer. The three compounds have been investigated from a photochemical and photophysical point of view. It appears that the disulfide-bridged derivative exhibited intramolecular aggregation, but to an insufficient extent to induce a satisfying self-quenching of its photoproperties. Unlike expected, the non-cleavable dimer behaved like the monomeric derivative, due to the superior flexibility of the alkyl bridge over the disulfide bridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Alpugan
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Derya Topkaya
- Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, 35160 Tınaztepe, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fabienne Dumoulin
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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