1
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Padhy I, Sharma T, Banerjee B, Mohapatra S, Sahoo CR, Padhy RN. Structure based exploration of mitochondrial alpha carbonic anhydrase inhibitors as potential leads for anti-obesity drug development. Daru 2024:10.1007/s40199-024-00535-w. [PMID: 39276204 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-024-00535-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has emerged as a major health challenge globally in the last two decades. Dysregulated fatty acid metabolism and de novo lipogenesis are prime causes for obesity development which ultimately trigger other co-morbid pathological conditions thereby risking life longevity. Fatty acid metabolism and de novo lipogenesis involve several biochemical steps both in cytosol and mitochondria. Reportedly, the high catalytically active mitochondrial carbonic anhydrases (CAVA/CAVB) regulate the intercellular depot of bicarbonate ions and catalyze the rapid carboxylation of pyruvate and acetyl-co-A to acetyl-co-A and malonate respectively, which are the precursors of fatty acid synthesis and lipogenesis. Several in vitro and in vivo investigations indicate inhibition of mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase isoforms interfere in the functioning of pyruvate, fatty acid and succinate pathways. Targeting of mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase isoforms (CAVA/CAVB) could thereby modulate gluconeogenetic as well as lipogenetic pathways and pave way for designing of novel leads in the development pipeline of anti-obesity medications. METHODS The present review unveils a diverse chemical space including synthetic sulphonamides, sulphamates, sulfamides and many natural bioactive molecules which selectively inhibit the mitochondrial isoform CAVA/CAVB with an emphasis on major state-of-art drug design strategies. RESULTS More than 60% similarity in the structural framework of the carbonic anhydrase isoforms has converged the drug design methods towards the development of isoform selective chemotypes. While the benzene sulphonamide derivatives selectively inhibit CAVA/CAVB in low nanomolar ranges depending on the substitutions on the phenyl ring, the sulpamates and sulpamides potently inhibit CAVB. The virtual screening and drug repurposing methods have also explored many non-sulphonamide chemical scaffolds which can potently inhibit CAVA. CONCLUSION The review could pave way for the development of novel and effective anti-obesity drugs which can modulate the energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsa Padhy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Tripti Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj University, Panvel, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410221, India.
| | - Biswajit Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Sujata Mohapatra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Chita R Sahoo
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Bhubaneswar, India
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Rabindra Nath Padhy
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
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2
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Elsayed ZM, Almahli H, Nocentini A, Ammara A, Supuran CT, Eldehna WM, Abou-Seri SM. Development of novel anilinoquinazoline-based carboxylic acids as non-classical carbonic anhydrase IX and XII inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2191163. [PMID: 36942698 PMCID: PMC10035947 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2191163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of our ongoing endeavour to identify novel inhibitors of cancer-associated CA isoforms IX and XII as possible anticancer candidates, here we describe the design and synthesis of small library of 2-aryl-quinazolin-4-yl aminobenzoic acid derivatives (6a-c, 7a-c, and 8a-c) as new non-classical CA inhibitors. On account of its significance in the anticancer drug discovery and in the development of effective CAIs, the 4-anilinoquinazoline privileged scaffold was exploited in this study. Thereafter, the free carboxylic acid functionality was appended in the ortho (6a-c), meta (7a-c), or para-positon (8a-c) of the anilino motif to furnish the target inhibitors. All compounds were assessed for their inhibitory activities against the hCA I, II (cytosolic), IX, and XII (trans-membrane, tumour-associated) isoforms. Moreover, six quinazolines (6a-c, 7b, and 8a-b) were chosen by the NCI-USA for in vitro anti-proliferative activity evaluation against 59 human cancer cell lines representing nine tumour subpanels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab M Elsayed
- Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Hadia Almahli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Andrea Ammara
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar M Abou-Seri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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3
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Türkeş C. Carbonic anhydrase inhibition by antiviral drugs in vitro and in silico. J Mol Recognit 2023; 36:e3063. [PMID: 37807620 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.3063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme inhibition is a commonly utilized method for controlling enzymatic activity in various physiologically relevant biological systems. Herein, the selected five active antiviral drugs, abacavir, emtricitabine, lamivudine, ribavirin, and ritonavir, were assayed as inhibitors of two human isoforms of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) involved in various physiological/pathological conditions. For this aim, in vitro and in silico studies were performed to gain insights into the plausible binding interactions and affinities for the antiviral drugs within hCA I and II isoforms' active sites. The hCA I, an isoform involved in some pathological conditions such as retinal or cerebral edema, was moderately inhibited by these five drugs at micromolar concentrations with KI s spanning from 0.49 ± 0.05 to 3.51 ± 0.37 μM compared with the reference drug acetazolamide (AAZ, KI of 0.19 ± 0.01 μM). Moreover, hCA II, a promising target for edema, glaucoma, epilepsy, and altitude sickness, was a reasonably inhibited isoform by these agents, with KI s in the range of 0.64 ± 0.08-5.80 ± 0.64 μM compared with AAZ (KI of 0.17 ± 0.01 μM). Both in vitro and in silico results demonstrated significant interactions between these five drugs and hCAs and that they can support therapeutic targets against the above-mentioned pathological conditions. Additionally, the results obtained will help optimize the clinical dosage regimens of these drugs and avoid drug-drug interactions unexpectedly when used in combination with other agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
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4
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Wang Y, Gao Q, Yao P, Yao Q, Zhang J. Multidimensional virtual screening approaches combined with drug repurposing to identify potential covalent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15262-15285. [PMID: 36961210 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2193994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused an unprecedented global pandemic, and new cases are still on the rise due to the absence of effective medicines. However, developing new drugs within a short time is extremely difficult. Repurposing the existing drugs provides a fast and effective strategy to identify promising inhibitors. Here we focus on the screening of drugs database for discovering potential covalent inhibitors that target 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), an essential enzyme mediating viral replication and transcription. Firstly, we constructed a receptor-ligand pharmacophore model and verified it through decoy set. The importance of pharmacophore features was evaluated by combining molecular dynamics simulation with interaction analyses. Then, covalent docking was used to perform further screening. According to docking score and Prime/Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area (MM-GBSA) score, total ten compounds obtained good scores and successfully established covalent bonds with the catalytic Cys145 residue. They also formed favorable interactions with key residues in active sites and closely integrated with 3CLpro with binding modes similar to known 3CLpro inhibitor. Finally, the top four hits DB08732, DB04653, DB01871 and DB07299 were further subjected to 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and MM-GBSA binding free energy calculations. The results suggest that the four candidates show good binding affinities for 3CLpro, which warrants further evaluation for their in-vitro/in-vivo activities. Overall, our research methods provide a valuable reference for discovering promising inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 and help to fight against the epidemic.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Physical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiushuang Gao
- Department of Physical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yao
- Department of Physical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qizheng Yao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Physical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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5
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De Luca L, Angeli A, Ricci F, Supuran CT, Gitto R. Structure-guided identification of a selective sulfonamide-based inhibitor targeting the human carbonic anhydrase VA isoform. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200383. [PMID: 36250310 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, multistep hybrid computational protocols have attracted attention for their application in the drug discovery of enzyme inhibitors. So far, there are large collections of human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) inhibitors, but only a few of them selectively inhibit the mitochondrial isoforms hCA VA and VB as potential therapeutics in obesity treatment. Most sulfonamide-based inhibitors show poor selectivity for inhibiting isoforms of therapeutic interest over ubiquitous hCA I and hCA II. Herein, we propose a combination of ligand- and structure-based approaches to generate pharmacophore models for hCA VA inhibitors. Then, we performed a virtual screening (VS) campaign on a database of commercially available sulfonamides. Finally, the in silico screening followed by docking studies suggested several "hit compounds" that demonstrated to inhibit hCA VA at a low nanomolar concentration in a stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay. Notably, the best candidate, 2-(3,4-dihydro-2H-quinolin-1-yl)-N-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)acetamide (code name VAME-28) proved to be a potent hCA VA inhibitor (Ki value of 54.8 nM) and a more selective agent over hCA II when compared to the reference compound topiramate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura De Luca
- Chibiofaram Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Federico Ricci
- Chibiofaram Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Rosaria Gitto
- Chibiofaram Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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6
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Abstract
The mitochondrial isoforms VA/VB of metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) are involved in metabolic processes, such as de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid biosynthesis. We review the drug design landscape for obtaining CA VA/VB-selective/effective inhibitors, starting from the clinical observations that CA inhibitory drugs, such as the antiepileptics topiramate and zonisamide, or the diuretic acetazolamide induce a significant weight loss. The main approaches for designing such compounds consisted in drug repurposing of already known CA inhibitors (CAIs); screening of synthetic/natural products libraries both in the classical and virtual modes, and de novo drug design using the tail approach. A number of such studies allowed the identification of lead compounds diverse from sulphonamides, such as tropolones, phenols, polyphenols, flavones, glycosides, fludarabine, lenvatinib, rufinamide, etc., for which the binding mode to the enzyme is not always well understood. Classical drug design studies of sulphonamides, sulfamates and sulfamides afforded low nanomolar mitochondrial CA-selective inhibitors, but detailed antiobesity studies were poorly performed with most of them. A breakthrough in the field may be constituted by the design of hybrids incorporating CAIs and other antiobesity chemotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
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7
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Abo-Ashour MF, Almahli H, Bonardia A, Khalil A, Al-Warhi T, Al-Rashood ST, Abdel-Aziz HA, Nocentini A, Supuran CT, Eldehna WM. Enaminone-based carboxylic acids as novel non-classical carbonic anhydrases inhibitors: design, synthesis and in vitro biological assessment. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:2256-2264. [PMID: 36000171 PMCID: PMC9466612 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2114079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In searching for new molecular drug targets, Carbonic Anhydrases (CAs) have emerged as valuable targets in diverse diseases. CAs play critical functions in maintaining pH and CO2 homeostasis, metabolic pathways, and much more. So, it is becoming attractive for medicinal chemists to design novel inhibitors for this class of enzymes with improved potency and selectivity towards the different isoforms. In the present study, three sets of carboxylic acid derivatives 5a-q, 7a-b and 12a-c were designed, developed and evaluated for the hCA inhibitory effects against hCA I, II, IX and XII. Compounds 5l, 5m, and 5q elicited the highest inhibitory activities against hCA II, IX and XII. In summary, structural rigidification, regioisomerism and structural extension, all played obvious roles in the degree of hCA inhibition. This present work could be a good starting point for the design of more non-classical selective hCA inhibitors as potential targets for several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud F Abo-Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, El saleheya El Gadida University, Cambridge, Egypt
| | - Hadia Almahli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Bonardia
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Amira Khalil
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarfah Al-Warhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara T Al-Rashood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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8
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Squaramide-Tethered Sulfonamides and Coumarins: Synthesis, Inhibition of Tumor-Associated CAs IX and XII and Docking Simulations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147685. [PMID: 35887037 PMCID: PMC9318203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are attractive targets for the development of new anticancer therapies; in particular, CAs IX and XII isoforms are overexpressed in numerous tumors. (2) Methods: following the tail approach, we have appended a hydrophobic aromatic tail to a pharmacophore responsible for the CA inhibition (aryl sulfonamide, coumarin). As a linker, we have used squaramides, featured with strong hydrogen bond acceptor and donor capacities. (3) Results: Starting from easily accessible dimethyl squarate, the title compounds were successfully obtained as crystalline solids, avoiding the use of chromatographic purifications. Interesting and valuable SARs could be obtained upon modification of the length of the hydrocarbon chain, position of the sulfonamido moiety, distance of the aryl sulfonamide scaffold to the squaramide, stereoelectronic effects on the aromatic ring, as well as the number and type of substituents on C-3 and C-4 positions of the coumarin. (4) Conclusions: For sulfonamides, the best profile was achieved for the m-substituted derivative 11 (Ki = 29.4, 9.15 nM, CA IX and XII, respectively), with improved selectivity compared to acetazolamide, a standard drug. Coumarin derivatives afforded an outstanding selectivity (Ki > 10,000 nM for CA I, II); the lead compound (16c) was a strong CA IX and XII inhibitor (Ki = 19.2, 7.23 nM, respectively). Docking simulations revealed the key ligand-enzyme interactions.
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9
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Zhou JX, Li CN, Liu YM, Lin SQ, Wang Y, Xie C, Nan FJ. Discovery of 9,11-Seco-Cholesterol Derivatives as Novel FXR Antagonists. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:17401-17405. [PMID: 35647433 PMCID: PMC9134407 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) plays an important role in the regulation of bile acid, lipid, and glucose homeostasis. Recent findings have shown that the inhibition of FXR is beneficial to improvement of related metabolic diseases and cholestasis. In the present work, 9,11-seco-cholesterol derivatives were designed and synthesized by cleaving the C ring of cholesterol and were identified as novel structures of FXR antagonists. Compound 9a displayed the best FXR antagonistic activity at the cellular level (IC50 = 4.6 μM) and decreased the expression of the target genes of FXR in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xu Zhou
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cui-Na Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-Meng Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Su-Qin Lin
- School
of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University
of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Ying Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cen Xie
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fa-Jun Nan
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
- Drug
Discovery Shandong Laboratory, Bohai Rim
Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Discovery of potent HDAC2 inhibitors based on virtual screening in combination with drug repurposing. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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11
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Fuentes-Aguilar A, Merino-Montiel P, Montiel-Smith S, Meza-Reyes S, Vega-Báez JL, Puerta A, Fernandes MX, Padrón JM, Petreni A, Nocentini A, Supuran CT, López Ó, Fernández-Bolaños JG. 2-Aminobenzoxazole-appended coumarins as potent and selective inhibitors of tumour-associated carbonic anhydrases. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 37:168-177. [PMID: 34894971 PMCID: PMC8667885 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1998026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We have carried out the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a small library of 2-aminobenzoxazole-appended coumarins as novel inhibitors of tumour-related CAs IX and XII. Substituents on C-3 and/or C-4 positions of the coumarin scaffold, and on the benzoxazole moiety, together with the length of the linker connecting both units were modified to obtain useful structure-activity relationships. CA inhibition studies revealed a good selectivity towards tumour-associated CAs IX and XII (Ki within the mid-nanomolar range in most of the cases) in comparison with CAs I, II, IV, and VII (Ki > 10 µM); CA IX was found to be slightly more sensitive towards structural changes. Docking calculations suggested that the coumarin scaffold might act as a prodrug, binding to the CAs in its hydrolysed form, which is in turn obtained due to the esterase activity of CAs. An increase of the tether length and of the substituents steric hindrance was found to be detrimental to in vitro antiproliferative activities. Incorporation of a chlorine atom on C-3 of the coumarin moiety achieved the strongest antiproliferative agent, with activities within the low micromolar range for the panel of tumour cell lines tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Fuentes-Aguilar
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Penélope Merino-Montiel
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Sara Montiel-Smith
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Socorro Meza-Reyes
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - José Luis Vega-Báez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Adrián Puerta
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Miguel X Fernandes
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - José M Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Andrea Petreni
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Óscar López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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12
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Nocentini A, Supuran CT, Capasso C. An overview on the recently discovered iota-carbonic anhydrases. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1988-1995. [PMID: 34482770 PMCID: PMC8425729 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1972995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) have been studied for decades and have been classified as a superfamily of enzymes which includes, up to date, eight gene families or classes indicated with the Greek letters α, β, γ, δ, ζ, η, θ, ι. This versatile enzyme superfamily is involved in multiple physiological processes, catalysing a fundamental reaction for all living organisms, the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and a proton. Recently, the ι-CA (LCIP63) from the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana and a bacterial ι-CA (BteCAι) identified in the genome of Burkholderia territorii were characterised. The recombinant BteCAι was observed to act as an excellent catalyst for the physiologic reaction. Very recently, the discovery of a novel ι-CAs (COG4337) in the eukaryotic microalga Bigelowiella natans and the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC7120 has brought to light an unexpected feature for this ancient superfamily: this ι-CAs was catalytically active without a metal ion cofactor, unlike the previous reported ι-CAs as well as all known CAs investigated so far. This review reports recent investigations on ι-CAs obtained in these last three years, highlighting their peculiar features, and hypothesising that possibly this new CA family shows catalytic activity without the need of metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Napoli, Italy
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13
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Nocentini A, Angeli A, Carta F, Winum JY, Zalubovskis R, Carradori S, Capasso C, Donald WA, Supuran CT. Reconsidering anion inhibitors in the general context of drug design studies of modulators of activity of the classical enzyme carbonic anhydrase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:561-580. [PMID: 33615947 PMCID: PMC7901698 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1882453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic anions inhibit the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) generally by coordinating to the active site metal ion. Cyanate was reported as a non-coordinating CA inhibitor but those erroneous results were subsequently corrected by another group. We review the anion CA inhibitors (CAIs) in the more general context of drug design studies and the discovery of a large number of inhibitor classes and inhibition mechanisms, including zinc binders (sulphonamides and isosteres, dithiocabamates and isosteres, thiols, selenols, benzoxaboroles, ninhydrins, etc.); inhibitors anchoring to the zinc-coordinated water molecule (phenols, polyamines, sulfocoumarins, thioxocoumarins, catechols); CAIs occluding the entrance to the active site (coumarins and derivatives, lacosamide), as well as compounds that bind outside the active site. All these new chemotypes integrated with a general procedure for obtaining isoform-selective compounds (the tail approach) has resulted, through the guidance of rigorous X-ray crystallography experiments, in the development of highly selective CAIs for all human CA isoforms with many pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nocentini
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Raivis Zalubovskis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.,Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Napoli, Italy
| | - William A Donald
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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14
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Emerging role of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1233-1249. [PMID: 34013961 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) was clinically exploited for decades, as most modern diuretics were obtained considering as lead molecule acetazolamide, the prototypical CA inhibitor (CAI). The discovery and characterization of multiple human CA (hCA) isoforms, 15 of which being known today, led to new applications of their inhibitors. They include widely clinically used antiglaucoma, antiepileptic and antiobesity agents, antitumor drugs in clinical development, as well as drugs for the management of acute mountain sickness and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Emerging roles of several CA isoforms in areas not generally connected to these enzymes were recently documented, such as in neuropathic pain, cerebral ischemia, rheumatoid arthritis, oxidative stress and Alzheimer's disease. Proof-of-concept studies thus emerged by using isoform-selective inhibitors, which may lead to new clinical applications in such areas. Relevant preclinical models are available for these pathologies due to the availability of isoform-selective CAIs for all human isoforms, belonging to novel classes of compounds, such as coumarins, sulfocoumarins, dithiocarbamates, benzoxaboroles, apart the classical sulfonamide inhibitors. The inhibition of CAs from pathogenic bacteria, fungi, protozoans or nematodes started recently to be considered for obtaining anti-infectives with a new mechanism of action.
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15
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From Homology Modeling to the Hit Identification and Drug Repurposing: A Structure-Based Approach in the Discovery of Novel Potential Anti-Obesity Compounds. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2266:263-277. [PMID: 33759132 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1209-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although science and technology have progressed rapidly, de novo drug development has been a costly and time-consuming process over the past decades. In this scenario, drug repurposing has appeared as an alternative tool to accelerate the drug development process. Herein, we applied such an approach to the highly popular human Carbonic Anhydrase (hCA) VA drug target, that is involved in ureagenesis, gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, and in the metabolism regulation. Albeit several hCA inhibitors have been designed and are currently in clinical use, serious drug interactions have been reported due to their poor selectivity. In this perspective, the drug repurposing approach could be a useful tool for investigating the drug promiscuity/polypharmacology profile. In this chapter, we describe a combination of virtual screening techniques and in vitro assays aimed to identify novel selective hCA VA inhibitors and to repurpose drugs known for other clinical indications.
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16
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Ren S, Jiang S, Yan X, Chen R, Cui H. Challenges and Opportunities: Porous Supports in Carbonic Anhydrase Immobilization. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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In Silico Food-Drug Interaction: A Case Study of Eluxadoline and Fatty Meal. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239127. [PMID: 33266221 PMCID: PMC7731208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Food-drug interaction is an infrequently considered aspect in clinical practice. Usually, drugs are taken together with meals and what follows may adversely affect pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, and hence, the therapeutic effects. In this study, a computational protocol was proposed to explain the different assimilations of two µ-receptors agonists, eluxadoline and loperamide, with a peculiar pharmacokinetic profile. Compared to loperamide, eluxadoline is absorbed less after the intake of a fatty meal, and the LogP values do not explain this event. Firstly, keeping in mind the different pH in the intestinal tract, the protonation states of both compounds were calculated. Then, all structures were subjected to a conformational search by using MonteCarlo and Molecular Dynamics methods, with solvation terms mimicking the water and weak polar solvent (octanol). Both computational results showed that eluxadoline has less conformational freedom in octanol, unlike loperamide, which exhibits constant behavior in both solvents. Therefore, we hypothesize that fatty meal causes the "closure" of the eluxadoline molecule to prevent the exposure of the polar groups and their interaction with water, necessary for the drug absorption. Based on our results, this work could be a reasonable "case study", useful for future investigation of the drug pharmacokinetic profile.
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18
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Maruca A, Rocca R, Catalano R, Mesiti F, Costa G, Lanzillotta D, Salatino A, Ortuso F, Trapasso F, Alcaro S, Artese A. Natural Products Extracted from Fungal Species as New Potential Anti-Cancer Drugs: A Structure-Based Drug Repurposing Approach Targeting HDAC7. Molecules 2020; 25:E5524. [PMID: 33255661 PMCID: PMC7728054 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms can be considered a valuable source of natural bioactive compounds with potential polypharmacological effects due to their proven antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, and antioxidant activities. In order to identify new potential anticancer compounds, an in-house chemical database of molecules extracted from both edible and non-edible fungal species was employed in a virtual screening against the isoform 7 of the Histone deacetylase (HDAC). This target is known to be implicated in different cancer processes, and in particular in both breast and ovarian tumors. In this work, we proposed the ibotenic acid as lead compound for the development of novel HDAC7 inhibitors, due to its antiproliferative activity in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). These promising results represent the starting point for the discovery and the optimization of new HDAC7 inhibitors and highlight the interesting opportunity to apply the "drug repositioning" paradigm also to natural compounds deriving from mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Maruca
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (F.M.); (G.C.); (F.O.); (A.A.)
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Roberta Rocca
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.L.); (A.S.); (F.T.)
| | - Raffaella Catalano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (F.M.); (G.C.); (F.O.); (A.A.)
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Francesco Mesiti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (F.M.); (G.C.); (F.O.); (A.A.)
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Giosuè Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (F.M.); (G.C.); (F.O.); (A.A.)
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Delia Lanzillotta
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.L.); (A.S.); (F.T.)
| | - Alessandro Salatino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.L.); (A.S.); (F.T.)
| | - Francesco Ortuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (F.M.); (G.C.); (F.O.); (A.A.)
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Francesco Trapasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.L.); (A.S.); (F.T.)
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (F.M.); (G.C.); (F.O.); (A.A.)
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Anna Artese
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.); (F.M.); (G.C.); (F.O.); (A.A.)
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
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19
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Das Mahapatra A, Queen A, Yousuf M, Khan P, Hussain A, Rehman MT, Alajmi MF, Datta B, Hassan MI. Design and development of 5-(4H)-oxazolones as potential inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase VA: towards therapeutic management of diabetes and obesity. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:3144-3154. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1845803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aarfa Queen
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Yousuf
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Parvez Khan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Tabish Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F. Alajmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bhaskar Datta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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20
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In Silico Identification and Biological Evaluation of Antioxidant Food Components Endowed with IX and XII hCA Inhibition. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090775. [PMID: 32825614 PMCID: PMC7555330 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor-associated isoenzymes hCA IX and hCA XII catalyze the hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and protons. These isoforms are highly overexpressed in many types of cancer, where they contribute to the acidification of the tumor environment, promoting tumor cell invasion and metastasis. In this work, in order to identify novel dual hCA IX and XII inhibitors, virtual screening techniques and biological assays were combined. A structure-based virtual screening towards hCA IX and XII was performed using a database of approximately 26,000 natural compounds. The best shared hits were submitted to a thermodynamic analysis and three promising best hits were identified and evaluated in terms of their hCA IX and XII inhibitor activity. In vitro biological assays were in line with the theoretical studies and revealed that syringin, lithospermic acid, and (-)-dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol behave as good hCA IX and hCA XII dual inhibitors.
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21
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Maruca A, Lanzillotta D, Rocca R, Lupia A, Costa G, Catalano R, Moraca F, Gaudio E, Ortuso F, Artese A, Trapasso F, Alcaro S. Multi-Targeting Bioactive Compounds Extracted from Essential Oils as Kinase Inhibitors. Molecules 2020; 25:E2174. [PMID: 32384767 PMCID: PMC7249159 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are popular in aromatherapy, a branch of alternative medicine that claims their curative effects. Moreover, several studies reported EOs as potential anti-cancer agents by inducing apoptosis in different cancer cell models. In this study, we have considered EOs as a potential resource of new kinase inhibitors with a polypharmacological profile. On the other hand, computational methods offer the possibility to predict the theoretical activity profile of ligands, discovering dangerous off-targets and/or synergistic effects due to the potential multi-target action. With this aim, we performed a Structure-Based Virtual Screening (SBVS) against X-ray models of several protein kinases selected from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) by using a chemoinformatics database of EOs. By evaluating theoretical binding affinity, 13 molecules were detected among EOs as new potential kinase inhibitors with a multi-target profile. The two compounds with higher percentages in the EOs were studied more in depth by means Induced Fit Docking (IFD) protocol, in order to better predict their binding modes taking into account also structural changes in the receptor. Finally, given its good binding affinity towards five different kinases, cinnamyl cinnamate was biologically tested on different cell lines with the aim to verify the antiproliferative activity. Thus, this work represents a starting point for the optimization of the most promising EOs structure as kinase inhibitors with multi-target features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Maruca
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.M.); (G.C.); (R.C.); (F.O.); (A.A.)
- Net4Science srl, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.R.); (A.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Delia Lanzillotta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.L.); (F.T.)
| | - Roberta Rocca
- Net4Science srl, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.R.); (A.L.); (F.M.)
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.L.); (F.T.)
| | - Antonio Lupia
- Net4Science srl, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.R.); (A.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Giosuè Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.M.); (G.C.); (R.C.); (F.O.); (A.A.)
- Net4Science srl, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.R.); (A.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Raffaella Catalano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.M.); (G.C.); (R.C.); (F.O.); (A.A.)
- Net4Science srl, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.R.); (A.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Federica Moraca
- Net4Science srl, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.R.); (A.L.); (F.M.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University “Federico II” of Naples, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Lymphoma and Genomics Research Program, the Institute of Oncology Research, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland;
| | - Francesco Ortuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.M.); (G.C.); (R.C.); (F.O.); (A.A.)
- Net4Science srl, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.R.); (A.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Anna Artese
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.M.); (G.C.); (R.C.); (F.O.); (A.A.)
- Net4Science srl, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.R.); (A.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesco Trapasso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.L.); (F.T.)
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.M.); (G.C.); (R.C.); (F.O.); (A.A.)
- Net4Science srl, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.R.); (A.L.); (F.M.)
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22
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Supuran CT. Exploring the multiple binding modes of inhibitors to carbonic anhydrases for novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:671-686. [PMID: 32208982 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1743676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The spacious active site cavity of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) shows a great versatility for a variety of binding modes for modulators of activity, inhibitors, and activators, some of which are clinically used drugs. AREAS COVERED There are at least four well-documented CA inhibition mechanisms and the same number of binding modes for CA inhibitors (CAIs), one of which superposes with the binding of activators (CAAs). They include (i) coordination to the catalytic metal ion; (ii) anchoring to the water molecule coordinated to the metal ion; (iii) occlusion of the active site entrance; and (iv) binding outside the active site. A large number of chemical classes of CAIs show these binding modes explored in detail by kinetic, crystallographic, and other techniques. The tail approach was applied to all of them and allowed many classes of highly isoform-selective inhibitors. This is the subject of our review. EXPERT OPINION All active site regions of CAs accommodate inhibitors to bind, which is reflected in very different inhibition profiles for such compounds and the possibility to design drugs with effective action and new applications, such as for the management of hypoxic tumors, neuropathic pain, cerebral ischemia, arthritis, and degenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence, Italy
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Supuran CT. An update on drug interaction considerations in the therapeutic use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:297-307. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1743679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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