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Jung HJ, Park HS, Kim HJ, Park HS, Kim YE, Jeong DE, Noh SG, Park Y, Chun P, Chung HY, Moon HR. Exploring 2-mercapto- N-arylacetamide analogs as promising anti-melanogenic agents: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:7671-7689. [PMID: 39222053 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01225a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Based on the hypothesis that the 2-mercaptoacetamide moiety chelates the copper ions of tyrosinase, 2-mercapto-N-arylacetamide (2-MAA) analogs were designed and synthesized as potential tyrosinase inhibitors. Four 2-MAA analogs showed low IC50 values ranging from 0.95 to 2.0 μM against mushroom tyrosinase, which was 12-26 times lower than that of kojic acid (IC50 value = 24.3 μM). However, according to a copper ion chelation experiment performed, the 2-MAA analogs did not participate in chelation with copper ions. To identify the mode of inhibition of the 2-MAA analogs, kinetic studies were performed, and the results were supported by docking results. In addition, docking simulation results suggested that the 2-MAA analogs strongly inhibited tyrosinase activity because of the hydrogen bonding of the amide NH group and the hydrophobic interaction of the aryl ring instead of chelation with copper ions. In experiments using B16F10 cells, 2-MAA analogs were shown to inhibit melanin production by inhibiting cellular tyrosinase activity. Western blotting showed that in addition to directly inhibiting tyrosinase activity, analog 7 also has an anti-melanogenic effect by inhibiting the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase. The 2-MAA analogs showed no appreciable cytotoxicity against HaCaT and B16F10 cells, making them suitable for dermal applications. In a depigmentation experiment using zebrafish embryos, analogs 1 and 2 showed more potent depigmentation effects than kojic acid even at 1000 times lower concentration than that of kojic acid. These results suggest that the 2-MAA analogs are promising anti-melanogenic agents that can inhibit most tyrosinases in various species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Soo Park
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeon Seo Park
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Eun Kim
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Da Eun Jeong
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Gyun Noh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, South Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Bonardi A, Gratteri P. Computational studies of tyrosinase inhibitors. Enzymes 2024; 56:191-229. [PMID: 39304287 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2024.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Computational studies have significantly advanced the understanding of tyrosinase (TYR) function, mechanism, and inhibition, accelerating the development of more effective and selective inhibitors. This chapter provides an overview of in silico studies on TYR inhibitors, emphasizing key inhibitory chemotypes and the main residues involved in ligand-target interactions. The chapter discusses tools applied in the context of TYR inhibitor development, e.g., structure-based virtual screening, molecular docking, artificial intelligence, and machine learning algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bonardi
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
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Capasso C, Supuran CT. Overview on tyrosinases: Genetics, molecular biology, phylogenetic relationship. Enzymes 2024; 56:1-30. [PMID: 39304284 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Tyrosinases (TYRs) are enzymes found in various organisms that are crucial for melanin biosynthesis, coloration, and UV protection. They play vital roles in insect cuticle sclerotization, mollusk shell formation, fungal and bacterial pigmentation, biofilm formation, and virulence. Structurally, TYRs feature copper-binding sites that are essential for catalytic activity, facilitating substrate oxidation via interactions with conserved histidine residues. TYRs exhibit diversity across animals, plants, fungi, mollusks, and bacteria, reflecting their roles and function. Eukaryotic TYRs undergo post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation, which affect protein folding and activity. Bacterial TYRs are categorized into five types based on their structural variation, domain organization and enzymatic properties, showing versatility across bacterial species. Moreover, bacterial TYRs, akin to fungal TYRs, have been implicated in the synthesis of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties. TYRs share significant sequence homology with hemocyanins, oxygen-carrier proteins in mollusks and arthropods, highlighting their evolutionary relationships. The evolution of TYRs underscores the dynamic nature of these enzymes and reflects adaptive strategies across diverse taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Lotfi Shahpar E, Mahdavi A, Mohamadnia Z. Inhibitory Effects, Fluorescence Studies, and Molecular Docking Analysis of Some Novel Pyridine-Based Compounds on Mushroom Tyrosinase. Biochemistry 2024; 63:2063-2074. [PMID: 39110954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.4c00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Melanin biosynthesis in different organisms is performed by a tyrosinase action. Excessive enzyme activity and pigment accumulation result in different diseases and disorders including skin cancers, blemishes, and darkening. In fruits and vegetables, it causes unwanted browning of these products and reduces their appearance quality and economic value. Inhibiting enzyme activity and finding novel powerful and safe inhibitors are highly important in agriculture, food, medical, and pharmaceutical industries. In this regard, in the present study, some novel synthetic pyridine-based compounds including 2,6-bis (tosyloxymethyl) pyridine (compound 3), 2,6-bis (butylthiomethyl) pyridine (compound 4), and 2,6-bis (phenylthiomethyl) pyridine (compound 5) were synthesized for the first time, and their inhibitory potencies were assessed on mushroom tyrosinase diphenolase activity. The results showed that while all tested compounds significantly decreased the enzyme activity, compounds 4 and 5 had the highest inhibitory effects (respectively, 80 and 89% inhibition with the IC50 values of 17.0 and 9.0 μmol L-1), and the inhibition mechanism was mixed-type for both compounds. Ligand-binding studies were carried out by fluorescence quenching and molecular docking methods to investigate the enzyme-compound interactions. Fluorescence quenching results revealed that the compounds can form nonfluorescent complexes with the enzyme and result in quenching of its intrinsic emission by the static process. Molecular docking analyses predicted the binding positions and the amino acid residues involved in the interactions. These compounds appear to be suitable candidates for more studies on tyrosinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Lotfi Shahpar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Gavazang, Zanjan 45195-1159, Iran
| | - Atiyeh Mahdavi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Gavazang, Zanjan 45195-1159, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohamadnia
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Gavazang, Zanjan 45195-1159, Iran
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Khojah H, Mostafa EM, Aljounaidi AA, Saleh AM, El-Nablaway M, Ismail A. Comprehensive analysis of malabar tamarind fruit rind total extract: HPTLC fingerprinting, in-silico exploration of its metabolites for SARS-cov-2 omicron spike protein, antibacterial and antidiabetic potentials with in vitro evaluation of antidiabetic and antioxidant activities. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35839. [PMID: 39170184 PMCID: PMC11337027 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Malabar tamarind tropical fruit, scientifically known as Garcinia gummi-gutta, is indigenous to Southeast Asia. In this work, the total methanolic extract of the Malabar fruit rind was examined by HPTLC fingerprinting, with quantitative evaluation of the total phenolics and flavonoids. Library of previously reported natural metabolites was utilized to demonstrate their affinity for specific target sites, they were evaluated against Omicron SARS-CoV-2 mainly it's Spike Protein, bacterial tyrosinase, and antidiabetic targets such α-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase and also α-amylase enzymes. The molecular docking revealed that the Guttiferone R possessed the highest binding affinity toward the Omicron Spike Protein with a stable binding mode, -8.67 kcal/mol binding energy and a 1.07 Å RMSD value compared to reference, Azithromycin, which has -8.90 kcal/mol binding affinity and a 1.20 Å RMSD value. On the other hand, the identified polyphenolic compounds; Vitexin, Prunin, Naringin, Hinokiflavone, Kaempherol-3-O-rutinoside, Gallic acid, Naringenin, and Catechin, showed remarkable antidiabetic activity by strong inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and notable activity against α-amylase compared with acarbose as reference. According to antibacterial activity, the identified compounds showed low affinity with weak activity against screened bacterial strains. In-vitro evaluation of Tamarind antioxidant and antidiabetic potentials, it exhibited a free radical-scavenging potential with 71.75 % retardation and α-glucosidase, α-amylase and pancreatic lipase inhibitor activities with an IC50 of 391.3 ± 26.27, 95.03 ± 0.03 and 0.01043 ± 0.0004 μg/mL, respectively that emphasize the molecular docking study. The findings imply that Malabar tamarind fruit rind possess antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial and antiviral activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Khojah
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Nursing and Medical Sciences, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab M. Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University,Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Asail A. Aljounaidi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman M. Saleh
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
- Epidemiological Surveillance Unit, Aweash El-Hagar Family Medicine Center, MOHP, Mansoura, 35711, Egypt
| | - Mohammad El-Nablaway
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Diriyah, P.O. BOX 71666, Riyadh, 11597, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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Irfan A, Bin Jardan YA, Rubab L, Hameed H, Zahoor AF, Supuran CT. Bacterial tyrosinases and their inhibitors. Enzymes 2024; 56:231-260. [PMID: 39304288 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial tyrosinase is a copper-containing metalloenzyme with diverse physio-chemical properties, that have been identified in various bacterial strains, including actinobacteria and proteobacteria. Tyrosinases are responsible for the rate-limiting catalytic steps in melanin biosynthesis and enzymatic browning. The physiological role of bacterial tyrosinases in melanin biosynthesis has been harnessed for the production of coloring and dyeing agents. Additionally, bacterial tyrosinases have the capability of cross-linking activity, demonstrated material functionalization applications, and applications in food processing with varying substrate specificities and stability features. These characteristics make bacterial tyrosinases a valuable alternative to well-studied mushroom tyrosinases. The key feature of substrate specificity of bacterial tyrosinase has been exploited to engineer biosensors that have the ability to detect the minimal amount of different phenolic compounds. Today, the world is facing the challenge of multi-drugs resistance in various diseases, especially antibiotic resistance, skin cancer, enzymatic browning of fruits and vegetables, and melanogenesis. To address these challenges, medicinal scientists are developing novel chemotherapeutic agents by inhibiting bacterial tyrosinases. To serve this purpose, heterocyclic compounds are of particular interest due to their vast spectrum of biological activities and their potential as effective tyrosinase inhibitors. In this chapter, a plethora of research explores applications of bacterial tyrosinases in different fields, such as the production of dyes and pigments, catalytic applications in organic synthesis, bioremediation, food and feed applications, biosensors, wool fiber coating and the rationalized synthesis, and structure-activity relationship of bacterial tyrosinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yousef A Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Laila Rubab
- Department of Chemistry, Sargodha Campus, The University of Lahore, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Huma Hameed
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab (UCP), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA-Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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Gębalski J, Małkowska M, Wnorowska S, Gawenda-Kempczyńska D, Strzemski M, Wójciak M, Słomka A, Styczyński J, Załuski D. Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Eleutherococcus divaricatus Root Extract as a Promising Source of Compounds with Anti-Hyaluronidase, Anti-Tyrosinase, and Antioxidant Activity but Not Anti-Melanoma Activity. Molecules 2024; 29:3640. [PMID: 39125044 PMCID: PMC11313944 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Eleutherococcus divaricatus (Siebold and Zucc.) S. Y. Hu. has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) due to its anticancer, immunostimulant, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, its mechanism of action and chemical composition are still insufficiently understood and require more advanced research, especially for cases in which anti-inflammatory properties are beneficial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of E. divaricatus root extracts and fractions on proinflammatory serum hyaluronidase and tyrosinase in children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Antioxidant and anti-melanoma activities were also examined and correlated with metabolomic data. For the first time, we discovered that the ethyl acetate fraction significantly inhibits hyaluronidase activity, with mean group values of 55.82% and 63.8% for aescin used as a control. However, interestingly, the fraction showed no activity against human tyrosinase, and in A375 melanoma cells treated with a doxorubicin fraction, doxorubicin activity decreased. This fraction exhibited the most potent antioxidant activity, which can be attributed to high contents of polyphenols, especially caffeic acid (24 mg/g). The findings suggest an important role of the ethyl acetate fraction in hyaluronidase inhibition, which may additionally indicate its anti-inflammatory property. The results suggest that this fraction can be used in inflammatory-related diseases, although with precautions in cases of patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Gębalski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.M.); (D.G.-K.); (D.Z.)
| | - Milena Małkowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.M.); (D.G.-K.); (D.Z.)
| | - Sylwia Wnorowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Dorota Gawenda-Kempczyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.M.); (D.G.-K.); (D.Z.)
| | - Maciej Strzemski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Magdalena Wójciak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Artur Słomka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Jan Styczyński
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Daniel Załuski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.M.); (D.G.-K.); (D.Z.)
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Kim HJ, Jung HJ, Kim YE, Jeong D, Park HS, Park HS, Kang D, Park Y, Chun P, Chung HY, Moon HR. Investigation of the Efficacy of Benzylidene-3-methyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one Analogs with Antioxidant Activities on the Inhibition of Mushroom and Mammal Tyrosinases. Molecules 2024; 29:2887. [PMID: 38930952 PMCID: PMC11206987 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Based on the fact that substances with a β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl (PUSC) motif confer strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity, benzylidene-3-methyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one (BMTTZD) analogs 1-8 were prepared as potential tyrosinase inhibitors. Four analogs (1-3 and 5) inhibited mushroom tyrosinase strongly. Especially, analog 3 showed an inhibitory effect that was 220 and 22 times more powerful than kojic acid in the presence of l-tyrosine and l-dopa, respectively. A kinetic study utilizing mushroom tyrosinase showed that analogs 1 and 3 competitively inhibited tyrosinase, whereas analogs 2 and 5 inhibited tyrosinase in a mixed manner. A docking simulation study indicated that analogs 2 and 5 could bind to both the tyrosinase active and allosteric sites with high binding affinities. In cell-based experiments using B16F10 cells, analogs 1, 3, and 5 effectively inhibited melanin production; their anti-melanogenic effects were attributed to their ability to inhibit intracellular tyrosinase activity. Moreover, analogs 1, 3, and 5 inhibited in situ B16F10 cellular tyrosinase activity. In three antioxidant experiments, analogs 2 and 3 exhibited strong antioxidant efficacy, similar to that of the positive controls. These results suggest that the BMTTZD analogs are promising tyrosinase inhibitors for the treatment of hyperpigmentation-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (H.J.K.); (H.J.J.); (Y.E.K.); (D.J.); (H.S.P.); (H.S.P.)
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (H.J.K.); (H.J.J.); (Y.E.K.); (D.J.); (H.S.P.); (H.S.P.)
| | - Young Eun Kim
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (H.J.K.); (H.J.J.); (Y.E.K.); (D.J.); (H.S.P.); (H.S.P.)
| | - Daeun Jeong
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (H.J.K.); (H.J.J.); (Y.E.K.); (D.J.); (H.S.P.); (H.S.P.)
| | - Hyeon Seo Park
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (H.J.K.); (H.J.J.); (Y.E.K.); (D.J.); (H.S.P.); (H.S.P.)
| | - Hye Soo Park
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (H.J.K.); (H.J.J.); (Y.E.K.); (D.J.); (H.S.P.); (H.S.P.)
| | - Dongwan Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yujin Park
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (Y.P.)
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (H.J.K.); (H.J.J.); (Y.E.K.); (D.J.); (H.S.P.); (H.S.P.)
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Allam SA, Elnomrosy SM, Mohamed SM. Virulent-MDR-ESBL E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae report from North Sinai calves diarrhea and in vitro antimicrobial by Moringa oleifera. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:259. [PMID: 38877453 PMCID: PMC11179377 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The health of calves has a significant impact on the production of cows and livestock. Some desert plants have pharmacological importance, as they can be used to reduce antibiotic resistance. Our hypothesis is designed to detect Virulent- Multidrug-Resistant and Extended- spectrum Beta- lactamase Enterobacteriaceae (Virulent-MDR-ESBL Enterobacteriaceae and to determine whether Moringa oleifera has antibacterial activity against the detected isolates. A total of 39 Enterobacteriaceae isolates from 28 diarrheic samples were collected from calves aged between 20 days and 20 months from 3 different flocks in North Sinai, Sahl-Eltina region, Egypt. E.coli 46% (18/39), O157 13% (5/39), Klebsiella pneumoniae 41% (16/39). MDR members accounted for 87%, while ESBL isolates accounted for 43%. The antibacterial activity is represented by microdilution. Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) for the methanol extract of Moringa oleifera ranged from 2.5,5,10, and 25mg/ ml among E.coli isolates, and O157 was susceptible to (2.5mg/ ml), Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to (5-50mg/ ml). Analysis of the methanol extract revealed that ferulic acid was the dominant phenolic compound with a concentration of 29,832 parts per million (ppm). In silico docking study expected the active site of ferulic acid to act on the tyrosine bacterial enzyme through Pi-alkyl, Pi-anion, Carbon hydrogen bonds, and extra ionic attractive interactions with copper ions which can stabilize ferulic acid inside the targeted pocket Diverse virulent gene profiles were observed in E. coli. The Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) was reported in 83% of the isolated E. coli, while the DNA gyrase (gyrA) was harbored in 100% of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Various profiles of antibiotic resistance genes for both E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were distinguished. blaTEM genes were detected in 99% of E. coli and 100% of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Sequence analysis for E. coli strain DRC-North Sinai-Eg was placed in accession numbers (OP955786) for the Shiga toxin 2 gene (Stx2A), (OP997748) and (OP997749) for the Adhesion to host cell gene (Eae). For the hemolysine gene (hylA), the accession number was (OP946183). Klebsiella pneumoniae strain DRC-North Sinai-Eg was placed in (OP946180) for (gyrA). This study has proven the broad range of Moringa oliefera's antibacterial effects in vitro against the virulent-MDR- ESBL E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from North Sinai calves diarrhea. These are congruent with the disability effect on bacterial tyrosinase enzyme through docking study therefore, we recommend the usage of this desert plant as a prospective feed additive, we endorse this as an antibacterial new insight natural source and for the medication of considered pathogens with zoonotic impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar A Allam
- Infectious Disease Unit, Animal and Poultry Health Department, Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center, 1 Mataria Museum Street, Cairo, 11753, Egypt.
- Technology Incubator for Nano Agricultural Application, Desert Research Center, 1 Mataria Museum Street, Cairo, 11753, Egypt.
| | - Sara M Elnomrosy
- Genome Research Unit, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samy M Mohamed
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research center, Al-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Cytarska J, Szulc J, Kołodziej-Sobczak D, Nunes JA, da Silva-Júnior EF, Łączkowski KZ. Cyrene™ as a tyrosinase inhibitor and anti-browning agent. Food Chem 2024; 442:138430. [PMID: 38241986 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The tyrosinase pathway takes part in the enzymatic process of food browning and is primarily responsible for food spoilage - manifesting itself from a decrease in its nutritional value to a deterioration of taste, which consequently leads to a gradual loss of shelf life. Finding safe and bio-based tyrosinase inhibitors and anti-browning agents may be of great importance in agriculture and food industries. Herein, we showed that Cyrene™ exhibits tyrosinase inhibitory activity (IC50: 268.2 µM), the 1.44 times higher than ascorbic acid (IC50: 386.5 μM). Binding mode studies demonstrated that the carbonyl oxygen of Cyrene™ coordinates with both copper ions. Surprisingly, both hydroxyl groups of Cyrene gem-diol perform a monodentate binding mode with both copper ions, at similar distances. This fact suggests that both compounds could have a similar binding mode and, as consequence, similar biological activities in tyrosinase inhibition assays and anti-browning activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Cytarska
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Joanna Szulc
- Department of Food Industry Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dominika Kołodziej-Sobczak
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Jéssica Alves Nunes
- Biological and Molecular Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, AC Simões Campus, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, s/n, 57072-970 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Edeildo Ferreira da Silva-Júnior
- Biological and Molecular Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, AC Simões Campus, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, s/n, 57072-970 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Krzysztof Z Łączkowski
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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11
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Saeed S, Saif MJ, Zahoor AF, Tabassum H, Kamal S, Faisal S, Ashraf R, Khan SG, Nazeer U, Irfan A, Bhat MA. Discovery of novel 1,2,4-triazole tethered β-hydroxy sulfides as bacterial tyrosinase inhibitors: synthesis and biophysical evaluation through in vitro and in silico approaches. RSC Adv 2024; 14:15419-15430. [PMID: 38741974 PMCID: PMC11089527 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01252f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a series of 1,2,4-triazole-tethered β-hydroxy sulfide scaffolds 11a-h was synthesized in good to remarkable yields (69-90%) through the thiolysis of oxiranes by the thiols in aqueous basic catalytic conditions. The synthesized 1,2,4-triazole-tethered β-hydroxy sulfides were screened against bacterial tyrosinase enzyme, and Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cultures i.e., (S. aureus) Staphylococcus aureus & (E. coli) Escherichia coli. Among the synthesized derivatives, the molecules 11a (IC50 = 7.67 ± 1.00 μM), 11c (IC50 = 4.52 ± 0.09 μM), 11d (IC50 = 6.60 ± 1.25 μM), and 11f (IC50 = 5.93 ± 0.50 μM) displayed the better tyrosinase inhibitory activity in comparison to reference drugs ascorbic acid (IC50 = 11.5 ± 1.00 μM) and kojic acid (IC50 = 30.34 ± 0.75 μM). The molecule benzofuran-triazol-propan-2-ol 11c proved to be the most potent bacterial tyrosinase inhibitory agent with a minimum IC50 of 4.52 ± 0.09 μM, as compared to other synthesized counterparts and both standards (kojic acid and ascorbic acid). The compound diphenyl-triazol-propan-2-ol 11a and benzofuran-triazole-propan-2-ol 11c showed comparable anti-bacterial chemotherapeutic efficacy with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC = 2.0 ± 2.25 mg mL-1 and 2.5 ± 0.00 mg mL-1, respectively) against S. aureus bacterial strain in comparison with standard antibiotic penicillin (MIC = 2.2 ± 1.15 mg mL-1). Furthermore, among the synthesized derivatives, only compound 11c demonstrated better anti-bacterial activity (MIC = 10 ± 0.40 mg mL-1) against E. coli, which was slightly less than the standard antibiotic i.e., penicillin (MIC = 2.4 ± 1.00 mg mL-1). The compound 11c demonstrated a better binding score (-7.08 kcal mol-1) than ascorbic acid (-5.59 kcal mol-1) and kojic acid (-5.78 kcal mol-1). Molecular docking studies also validate the in vitro anti-tyrosinase assay results; therefore, the molecule 11c can be the lead bacterial tyrosinase inhibitor as well as the antibacterial agent against both types of bacterial strains after suitable structural modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jawwad Saif
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Hina Tabassum
- London Metropolitan University 166-220 Holloway Road London N7 8DB UK
| | - Shagufta Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Shah Faisal
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University Peshawar Peshawar 25120 Pakistan
| | - Rabia Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Samreen Gul Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Usman Nazeer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Texas 77204-5003 USA
| | - Ali Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Mashooq Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
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12
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Mahmoud GAE, Abdel Shakor AB, Kamal-Eldin NA, Zohri ANA. Production of kojic acid by Aspergillus flavus OL314748 using box-Behnken statistical design and its antibacterial and anticancer applications using molecular docking technique. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:140. [PMID: 38658810 PMCID: PMC11044385 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03289-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Kojic acid is a wonderful fungal secondary metabolite that has several applications in the food, medical, and agriculture sectors. Many human diseases become resistant to normal antibiotics and normal treatments. We need to search for alternative treatment sources and understand their mode of action. Aspergillus flavus ASU45 (OL314748) was isolated from the caraway rhizosphere as a non-aflatoxin producer and identified genetically using 18S rRNA gene sequencing. After applying the Box-Behnken statistical design to maximize KA production, the production raised from 39.96 to 81.59 g/l utilizing (g/l) glucose 150, yeast extract 5, KH2PO4 1, MgSO4.7H2O 2, and medium pH 3 with a coefficient (R2) of 98.45%. Extracted KA was characterized using FTIR, XRD, and a scanning electron microscope. Crystalized KA was an effective antibacterial agent against six human pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Serratia marcescens, and Serratia plymuthica). KA achieves high inhibition activity against Bacillus cereus, K. pneumonia, and S. plymuthica at 100 μg/ml concentration by 2.75, 2.85, and 2.85 compared with chloramphenicol which gives inhibition zones 1, 1.1, and 1.6, respectively. Crystalized KA had anticancer activity versus three types of cancer cell lines (Mcf-7, HepG2, and Huh7) and demonstrated high cytotoxic capabilities on HepG-2 cells that propose strong antitumor potent of KA versus hepatocellular carcinoma. The antibacterial and anticancer modes of action were illustrated using the molecular docking technique. Crystalized kojic acid from a biological source represented a promising microbial metabolite that could be utilized as an alternative antibacterial and anticancer agent effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nahla A Kamal-Eldin
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, P.O 71516, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Naser A Zohri
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, P.O 71516, Egypt
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13
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Rudhra O, Gnanam H, Sivaperumal S, Namperumalsamy V, Prajna L, Kuppamuthu D. Melanin depletion affects Aspergillus flavus conidial surface proteins, architecture, and virulence. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:291. [PMID: 38592509 PMCID: PMC11004046 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Melanin is an Aspergillus flavus cell wall component that provides chemical and physical protection to the organism. However, the molecular and biological mechanisms modulating melanin-mediated host-pathogen interaction in A. flavus keratitis are not well understood. This work aimed to compare the morphology, surface proteome profile, and virulence of melanized conidia (MC) and non-melanized conidia (NMC) of A. flavus. Kojic acid treatment inhibited melanin synthesis in A. flavus, and the conidial surface protein profile was significantly different in kojic acid-treated non-melanized conidia. Several cell wall-associated proteins and proteins responsible for oxidative stress, carbohydrate, and chitin metabolic pathways were found only in the formic acid extracts of NMC. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed the conidial surface morphology difference between the NMC and MC, indicating the role of melanin in the structural integrity of the conidial cell wall. The levels of calcofluor white staining efficiency were different, but there was no microscopic morphology difference in lactophenol cotton blue staining between MC and NMC. Evaluation of the virulence of MC and NMC in the Galleria mellonella model showed NMC was less virulent compared to MC. Our findings showed that the integrity of the conidial surface is controlled by the melanin layer. The alteration in the surface protein profile indicated that many surface proteins are masked by the melanin layer, and hence, melanin can modulate the host response by preventing the exposure of fungal proteins to the host immune defense system. The G. mellonella virulence assay also confirmed that the NMC were susceptible to host defense as in other Aspergillus pathogens. KEY POINTS: • l-DOPA melanin production was inhibited in A. flavus isolates by kojic acid, and for the first time, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed morphological differences between MC and NMC of A. flavus strains • Proteome profile of non-melanized conidia showed more conidial surface proteins and these proteins were mainly involved in the virulence, oxidative stress, and metabolism pathways • Non-melanized conidia of A. flavus strains were shown to be less virulent than melanised conidia in an in vivo virulence experiment with the G. melonella model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondippili Rudhra
- Department of Proteomics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hariharan Gnanam
- Department of Proteomics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivaramakrishnan Sivaperumal
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Lalitha Prajna
- Department of Ocular Microbiology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Aravind Eye Care System, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
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14
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Ahmad I, Parveen W, Noor S, Udin Z, Ali A, Ali I, Ullah R, Ali H. Design and synthesis of novel dihydropyridine- and benzylideneimine-based tyrosinase inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1332184. [PMID: 38595924 PMCID: PMC11002185 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1332184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase (TYR) inhibitors are very significant as they inhibit enzyme tyrosinase activity, and its inhibition is vital for skin care, anticancer medication, and antibrowning of fruits and vegetables. This work presents a novel and economical route for the preparation of new synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors using amlodipine (4). The novel conjugates 6 (a-o) were designed, synthesized, and characterized by spectroscopic analyses, including Fourier transform infrared and low- and high-resolution mass spectroscopy. The purified compound 4 was refluxed with various aldehydes and ketones 5 (a-o) for 5-8 h in methanol at 60°C-90°C. This research modified the drug in a step-by-step manner to develop therapeutic properties as a tyrosinase inhibitor. The structures of synthesized ligands 6 (a-o) were established based on spectral and analytical data. The synthesized compounds 6 (a-o) were screened against tyrosinase enzyme. Kojic acid was taken as standard. All the prepared compounds 6 (a-o) have good inhibition potential against the enzyme tyrosinase. Compounds 6o, 6b, 6f, and 6k depicted excellent antityrosinase activity. Compound 6k, with an IC50 value of 5.34 ± 0.58 µM, is as potent as the standard kojic acid (IC50 6.04 ± 0.11 µM), standing out among all synthesized compounds 6 (a-o). The in silico studies of the conjugates 6 (a-o) were evaluated via PatchDock. Compound 6k showed a binding affinity score of 8,999 and an atomic contact energy (ACE) value of -219.66 kcal/mol. The structure-activity relationship illustrated that the presence of dihydropyridine nuclei and some activating groups at the ortho and para positions of the benzylideneimine moiety is the main factor for good tyrosinase activity. The compound 6k could be used as a lead compound for drug modification as a tyrosinase inhibitor for skin care, anticancer medication, and antibrowning for fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifraz Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Warda Parveen
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shah Noor
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zahoor Udin
- Chemistry Department, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Ali
- Centre for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics (CAMB), Gulf University for Science and Technology, Hawally, Kuwait
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamid Ali
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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15
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Wang Z, Cui M, Wang H, Ma L, Han Y, Han D, Yan H. Identification of tyrosinase inhibitors in defatted seeds of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.) by affinity-labeled molecular networking. Food Res Int 2024; 180:114097. [PMID: 38395549 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The defatted seeds of evening primrose (DE), a by-product of evening primrose oil extraction, are currently underutilized. This study aimed to valorize DE by examining its effects on melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity in zebrafish embryos and in vitro, and an innovative affinity-labeled molecular networking workflow was proposed for the rapid identification of tyrosinase inhibitors in DE. Our results indicated DE significantly reduced melanin content (53.3 % at 100 μg/mL) and tyrosinse activity (80.05 % for monophenolase and 70.40 % for diphenolase at 100 μg/mL). Furthermore, through the affinity-labeled molecular networking approach, 20 compounds were identified as potential tyrosinase inhibitors within DE, predominantly flavonoids and tannins characterized by catechin and galloyl substructures. Seven of these compounds were isolated and their inhibitory effects on tyrosinase were validated using functional assays. This study not only underscores the potential of DE as a rich source of natural tyrosinase inhibitors but also establishes the effectiveness of affinity-labeled molecular networking in pinpointing bioactive compounds in complex biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Mingfan Cui
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yehong Han
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Dandan Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hongyuan Yan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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16
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Yoon D, Jung HJ, Lee J, Kim HJ, Park HS, Park YJ, Kang MK, Kim GY, Kang D, Park Y, Chun P, Chung HY, Moon HR. In vitro and in vivo anti-pigmentation effects of 2-mercaptobenzimidazoles as nanomolar tyrosinase inhibitors on mammalian cells and zebrafish embryos: Preparation of pigment-free zebrafish embryos. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 266:116136. [PMID: 38244374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Recently, 10 2-mercaptobenzo[d]imidazole (2-MBI) compounds (1-10) were synthesized. Although all 2-MBI compounds are tyrosinase inhibitors that inhibit mushroom tyrosinase at extremely low concentrations (IC50 values: 20-740 nM) and effectively inhibit the browning of apples, to our knowledge, no studies have determined whether 2-MBI compounds inhibit mammalian tyrosinase. Mammalian tyrosinase is different from mushroom tyrosinase in its distribution within the cell and has structural characteristics that are different from mushroom tyrosinase in amino acid sequence and in the presence of a quaternary structure. Thus, the effect of the 10 2-MBI compounds on mammalian tyrosinase activity was investigated in B16F10 cells. Six compounds (1-6) exhibited stronger intracellular tyrosinase inhibition than that of kojic acid and phenylthiourea (PTU), which are known to be the most potent tyrosinase inhibitors; their strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity robustly inhibited intracellular melanin production in B16F10 cells. None of the tested 2-MBI compounds exhibited appreciable cytotoxicity in HaCaT and B16F10 cells. To confirm the anti-melanogenic efficacy of the 2-MBI compounds in vivo, a zebrafish embryo model was used. At concentrations 100 times lower than kojic acid, most 2-MBI compounds demonstrated much stronger depigmentation efficacy than that of kojic acid, and three 2-MBI compounds (2-4) showed depigmentation activity similar to or more potent than that of PTU, resulting in nearly pigment-free zebrafish embryos. These results suggest that 2-MBI compounds may be potential therapeutic agents for hyperpigmentation-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahye Yoon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Soo Park
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jung Park
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Kang
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Young Kim
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwan Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Mullaivendhan J, Ahamed A, Arif IA, Raman G, Akbar I. Mushroom tyrosinase enzyme catalysis: synthesis of larvicidal active geranylacetone derivatives against Culex quinquesfasciatus and molecular docking studies. Front Chem 2024; 11:1303479. [PMID: 38268759 PMCID: PMC10806150 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1303479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The grindstone process, which uses tyrosinase as a catalyst, was used to create analogues of geranylacetone. Tyrosinase was used to prepare the Mannich base under favourable reaction conditions, resulting in a high yield. All synthesized compounds were characterized using FTIR, Nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectral analyses. The active geranylacetone derivatives (1a-l) were investigated for larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus; compound 1b (LD50:20.7 μg/mL) was noticeably more effective than geranylacetone (LD50: >100 μg/mL) and permethrin (LD50: 24.4 μg/mL) lead compounds because of their ability to kill larvae and use them as pesticides. All compounds (1a-1l) were found to be low toxic, whereas compounds 1b, 1d, and 1k were screened for antifeedant screening of non -aquatic target for the toxicity measurement against marine fish Oreochromis mossambicus at 100 μg/mL caused 0% mortality in within 24 h. Molecular docking studies of synthesised compound 1b and permethrin docked with 3OGN, compound 1b demonstrated a greater binding affinity (-9.6 kcal/mol) compared to permethrin (-10.5 kcal/mol). According to these results, the newly synthesised geranylacetone derivatives can serve as lead molecules of larvicides agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Mullaivendhan
- Research Department of Chemistry, Nehru Memorial College (Affiliated Bharathidasan University), Puthanampatti, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anis Ahamed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A. Arif
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gurusamy Raman
- Department of Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Idhayadhulla Akbar
- Research Department of Chemistry, Nehru Memorial College (Affiliated Bharathidasan University), Puthanampatti, Tamil Nadu, India
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18
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Pham TN, Cazier EA, Gormally E, Lawrence P. Valorization of biomass polyphenols as potential tyrosinase inhibitors. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103843. [PMID: 38000718 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinases (TYRs; EC 1.14.18.1) catalyze two sequential oxidative reactions of the melanin biosynthesis pathway and play an important role in mammalian pigmentation and enzymatic browning of fruit and vegetables. Inhibition of TYR activity is therefore an attractive target for new drugs and/or food ingredients. In addition, increasing evidence suggests that TYR regulation could be a novel target for treatments of cancer and Parkinson's disease. Biomasses, notably industrial byproducts and biowaste, are good sustainable sources of phytochemicals that may be valorized into bioactive compounds including TYR inhibitors. This review presents potential applications of biomass-derived polyphenols targeting TYR inhibition. Insights into structure-activity relationships of several polyphenols and their glycosides are highlighted. Finally, some remarks and perspectives on research into new TYR inhibitors from biomass waste are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Nhat Pham
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE: Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France.
| | - Elisabeth A Cazier
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE: Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France; Nantes Université, Oniris, GEPEA, UMR 6144, F-44600 Saint-Nazaire, France
| | - Emmanuelle Gormally
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE: Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France
| | - Philip Lawrence
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE: Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France
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19
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Tang MG, Zhang S, Xiong LG, Zhou JH, Huang JA, Zhao AQ, Liu ZH, Liu AL. A comprehensive review of polyphenol oxidase in tea (Camellia sinensis): Physiological characteristics, oxidation manufacturing, and biosynthesis of functional constituents. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:2267-2291. [PMID: 37043598 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is a metalloenzyme with a type III copper core that is abundant in nature. As one of the most essential enzymes in the tea plant (Camellia sinensis), the further regulation of PPO is critical for enhancing defensive responses, cultivating high-quality germplasm resources of tea plants, and producing tea products that are both functional and sensory qualities. Due to their physiological and pharmacological values, the constituents from the oxidative polymerization of PPO in tea manufacturing may serve as functional foods to prevent and treat chronic non-communicable diseases. However, current knowledge of the utilization of PPO in the tea industry is only available from scattered sources, and a more comprehensive study is required to reveal the relationship between PPO and tea obviously. A more comprehensive review of the role of PPO in tea was reported for the first time, as its classification, catalytic mechanism, and utilization in modulating tea flavors, compositions, and nutrition, along with the relationships between PPO-mediated enzymatic reactions and the formation of functional constituents in tea, and the techniques for the modification and application of PPO based on modern enzymology and synthetic biology are summarized and suggested in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ge Tang
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Co-Innovation Centre of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Co-Innovation Centre of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li-Gui Xiong
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Co-Innovation Centre of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing-Hui Zhou
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Co-Innovation Centre of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian-An Huang
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Co-Innovation Centre of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ai-Qing Zhao
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Liu
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Co-Innovation Centre of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ai-Ling Liu
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Co-Innovation Centre of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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20
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Yoon D, Kang MK, Jung HJ, Ullah S, Lee J, Jeong Y, Noh SG, Kang D, Park Y, Chun P, Chung HY, Moon HR. Design, Synthesis, In Vitro, and In Silico Insights of 5-(Substituted benzylidene)-2-phenylthiazol-4(5 H)-one Derivatives: A Novel Class of Anti-Melanogenic Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083293. [PMID: 37110531 PMCID: PMC10144242 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(Z)-5-Benzylidene-2-phenylthiazol-4(5H)-one ((Z)-BPT) derivatives were designed by combining the structural characteristics of two tyrosinase inhibitors. The double-bond geometry of trisubstituted alkenes, (Z)-BPTs 1-14, was determined based on the 3JC,Hβ coupling constant of 1H-coupled 13C NMR spectra. Three (Z)-BPT derivatives (1-3) showed stronger tyrosinase inhibitory activities than kojic acid; in particular, 2 was to be 189-fold more potent than kojic acid. Kinetic analysis using mushroom tyrosinase indicated that 1 and 2 were competitive inhibitors, whereas 3 was a mixed-type inhibitor. The in silico results revealed that 1-3 could strongly bind to the active sites of mushroom and human tyrosinases, supporting the kinetic results. Derivatives 1 and 2 decreased the intracellular melanin contents in a concentration-dependent manner in B16F10 cells, and their anti-melanogenic efficacy exceeded that of kojic acid. The anti-tyrosinase activity of 1 and 2 in B16F10 cells was similar to their anti-melanogenic effects, suggesting that their anti-melanogenic effects were primarily owing to their anti-tyrosinase activity. Western blotting of B16F10 cells revealed that the derivatives 1 and 2 inhibited tyrosinase expression, which partially contributes to their anti-melanogenic ability. Several derivatives, including 2 and 3, exhibited potent antioxidant activities against ABTS cation radicals, DPPH radicals, ROS, and peroxynitrite. These results suggest that (Z)-BPT derivatives 1 and 2 have promising potential as novel anti-melanogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahye Yoon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Kang
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sultan Ullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongmu Jeong
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gyun Noh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwan Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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21
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Koch A, Engesser TA, Tuczek F. Copper Complexes Supported by Iminotriazole Ligands: Effective Catalysts for the Monooxygenation of Phenols. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Koch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Strasse 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias A. Engesser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Strasse 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Felix Tuczek
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Strasse 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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22
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Divar M, Tadayyon S, Khoshneviszadeh M, Pirhadi S, Attarroshan M, Mobaraki K, Damghani T, Mirfazli S, Edraki N. Benzyl‐Triazole Derivatives of Hydrazinecarbothiamide Derivatives as Potent Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, Structure‐Activity Relationship and Docking Study. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Divar
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences 7134853734 Shiraz Iran
| | - Somayeh Tadayyon
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences 7134853734 Shiraz Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy Shiraz University of Medical Sciences 7146864685 Shiraz Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences 7134853734 Shiraz Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy Shiraz University of Medical Sciences 7146864685 Shiraz Iran
| | - Somayeh Pirhadi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences 7134853734 Shiraz Iran
| | - Mahshid Attarroshan
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences 7134853734 Shiraz Iran
| | - Kourosh Mobaraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences 7134853734 Shiraz Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy Shiraz University of Medical Sciences 7146864685 Shiraz Iran
| | - Tahereh Damghani
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences 7134853734 Shiraz Iran
| | - Sara Mirfazli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy Iran University of Medical Sciences 1475886671 Tehran Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences 7134853734 Shiraz Iran
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23
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Lu L, Zhang X, Kang Y, Xiong Z, Zhang K, Xu XT, Bai LP, Li HG. Novel coumarin derivatives as potential tyrosinase inhibitors: Synthesis, binding analysis and biological evaluation. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
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24
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Carcelli M, Compari C, Fisicaro E, Incerti M, Miglioli F, Peracchia E, Pertinhez TA, Rogolino D, Ronda N, Gentili S, Tegoni M. A potentiometric and spectrofluorimetric approach to unravel inhibitory effects of semi- and thiosemicarbazones on mushroom tyrosinase activity. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:17-27. [PMID: 36459222 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-022-01976-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory effects on mushrooms tyrosinase activity of some semi- and thiosemicarbazones were investigated. While the semicarbazones are inactive, the thiosemicarbazones are, in general, more active than the reference (kojic acid, IC50 = 70 μM), with maximum activity obtained with benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (IC50 = 7 μM). These inhibitors probably act by coordination of the copper(II) metal ions in the active site of tyrosinase: effectively, potentiometric studies conducted in water solutions confirm that the most active thiosemicarbazone is a good ligand for copper(II) ions. The tyrosinase CD spectra do not show any significant difference by addition of an inhibitor or an inactive compound. On the contrary, interesting results were obtained by spectrofluorimetric titrations of mushrooms tyrosinase aqueous solutions with some of the investigated compounds, giving helpful information about possible mechanism of action. The thiosemicarbazones here reported are not cytotoxic on human fibroblasts and do not activate cells in a pro-inflammatory way.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carcelli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - C Compari
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - E Fisicaro
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - M Incerti
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - F Miglioli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - E Peracchia
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - T A Pertinhez
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - D Rogolino
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - N Ronda
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - S Gentili
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - M Tegoni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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25
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Suroowan S, Llorent-Martínez EJ, Zengin G, Buskaran K, Fakurazi S, Abdalla AN, Khalid A, Le Van B, Mahomoodally MF. Unveiling the Antioxidant, Clinical Enzyme Inhibitory Properties and Cytotoxic Potential of Tambourissa peltata Baker-An Understudied Endemic Plant. Molecules 2023; 28:599. [PMID: 36677655 PMCID: PMC9864917 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study documents for the first time the phytochemical composition and biological activities of Tambourissa peltata Baker, an endemic plant from Mauritius. Phytochemical extraction was performed using ethyl acetate, methanol and distilled water as solvents. The phytochemical composition was determined through HPLC-MS and other standard assays. The DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC and phosphomolybdenum assays were employed for the determination of the antioxidant potential, whereas cell viability assays were used to determine the cytotoxicity. The highest phenolic and phenolic acid contents were obtained in the aqueous extract (179.91 ± 0.67 gallic acid equivalents/g and 55.74 ± 1.43 caffeic acid equivalents/g). The highest quantity of flavonoids was obtained in the ethyl acetate extract (28.97 ± 0.46 rutin equivalents/g). The methanolic extract was the highest source of flavonols (33.71 ± 0.13 mg catechin equivalents/g). A total of 34 phytochemicals were identified, mainly proanthocyanidins and flavonoid glycosides. The highest antioxidant activity in DPPH (973.40 ± 5.65 mg TE (Trolox equivalents)/g), ABTS (2030.37 ± 40.83 mg TE/g), FRAP (1461.39 ± 5.95 mg TE/g), CUPRAC (1940.99 ± 20.95 mg TE/g) and phosphomolybdenum (8.37 ± 0.23 mmol TE/g) assays was recorded for the aqueous extract. The ethyl acetate extract was the most active metal chelator. The highest acetylcholinesterase inhibitor was the methanolic extract, whereas the ethyl acetate extract was the most active against BChE. The tyrosinase enzyme was most inhibited by the methanolic extract. Alpha-amylase and glucosidase were most inhibited by the aqueous extract. The methanolic extract was capable of inducing cell cytotoxicity to the human colorectal carcinoma without damaging normal cells. T. peltata warrants further attention from the scientific community given its multifaceted biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanoo Suroowan
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Eulogio J. Llorent-Martínez
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas S/N, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey
| | - Kalaivani Buskaran
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Product Research, Institute of Bioscience Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Product Research, Institute of Bioscience Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Ashraf N. Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum P.O. Box 2404, Sudan
| | - Bao Le Van
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai 600077, India
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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26
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You Z, Li Y, Chen M, Wong VKW, Zhang K, Zheng X, Liu W. Inhibition of plant essential oils and their interaction in binary combinations against tyrosinase. Food Nutr Res 2022; 66:8466. [PMID: 36590855 PMCID: PMC9793764 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v66.8466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Essential oils (EOs), derived from aromatic plants, exhibit properties beneficial to health, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, antidiabetic, and antiaging effects. However, the effect of EOs and their interaction in binary combinations against tyrosinase is not yet known. Objective To evaluate the underlying mechanisms of EOs and their interaction in binary combinations against tyrosinas. Design We explored to investigate the inhibitory effect of 65 EOs and the interaction among cinnamon, bay, and magnolia officinalis in their binary combinations against tyrosinase. In addition, the main constituents of cinnamon, bay, and magnolia officinalis were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results The results showed that the most potent EOs against tyrosinase were cinnamon, bay, and magnolia officinalis with IC50 values of 25.7, 30.8, and 61.9 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the inhibitory mechanism and kinetics studies revealed that cinnamon and bay were reversible and competitive-type inhibitors, and magnolia officinalis was a reversible and mixed-type inhibitor. In addition, these results, assessed in mixtures of three binary combinations, indicated that the combination of cinnamon with bay at different dose and at dose ratio had a strong antagonistic effect against tyrosinase. Magnolia officinalis combined with cinnamon or bay experienced both antagonistic and synergistic effect in anti-tyrosinase activity. Conclusion It is revealed that natural EOs would be promising to be effective anti-tyrosinase agents, and binary combinations of cinnamon, bay, and magnolia officinalis might not have synergistic effects on tyrosinase under certain condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonglin You
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Yonglian Li
- School of Eco-environment Technology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Xi Zheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China,Wenfeng Liu School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China. Tel/Fax: +86 75 0329 9071.
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Mortazavi M, Divar M, Damghani T, Moosavi F, Saso L, Pirhadi S, Khoshneviszadeh M, Edraki N, Firuzi O. Study of the anticancer effect of new quinazolinone hydrazine derivatives as receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Front Chem 2022; 10:969559. [PMID: 36465863 PMCID: PMC9713320 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.969559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of novel receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors has provided an important therapeutic tool for cancer patients. In this study, a series of quinazolinone hydrazide triazole derivatives were designed and synthesized as novel MET (c-MET) receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The antiproliferative effect of the synthesized compounds was examined against EBC-1, A549, HT-29 and U-87MG cells by MTT assay. MET kinase inhibitory effect was tested by a Homogenous Time Resolved Fluorescence (HTRF) assay. The antiproliferative effect of compounds in a three-dimensional spheroid culture was studied by acid phosphatase (APH) assay, while apoptosis induction was examined by Hoechst 33258 staining. We found that compound CM9 bearing p-bromo benzyl pendant inhibited MET kinase activity at the concentrations of 10-50 μM (% Inhibition = 37.1-66.3%). Compound CM9 showed antiproliferative effect against cancer cells, in particular lung cancer cells with MET amplification (EBC-1) with an IC50 value of 8.6 μM. Moreover, this derivative inhibited cell growth in spheroid cultures in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Assessment of inhibitory effect of CM9 against a panel of 18 different protein kinases demonstrated that this compound also inhibits ALK, AXL, FGFR1, FLT1 (VEGFR1) and FLT4 (VEGFR3) more than 50% at 25 μM. Finally, molecular docking and dynamics simulation corroborated the experimental findings and showed critical structural features for the interactions between CM9 and target kinases. The findings of this study present quinazolinone hydrazide triazole derivatives as kinase inhibitors with considerable anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahareh Mortazavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Divar
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Damghani
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moosavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Somayeh Pirhadi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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28
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Cao S, Wang D, Cheng R, Shi W, Zhang Q, Zeng H, Chen J. Modulation of the lipophilicity and molecular size of thiosemicarbazone inhibitors to regulate tyrosinase activity. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 281:121590. [PMID: 35850043 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A group of 5-methylsalicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone derivatives (HMTs) bearing different lipophilic and steric substituents attached at the 3-position of cresol ring were synthesized and investigated as mushroom tyrosinase (TYR) inhibitors. The ability of HMTs to inhibit the diphenolase activity of TYR was evaluated with L-DOPA as substrate by determining IC50 values in relation to their structure modifications. HMTs displayed distinct inhibitory competencies towards TYR activity with IC50 values in the range of 1.02-143.56 μM. A close correlation between their inhibition potency and both lipophilicity and molecular size was observed. The inhibitory effect of the hydroxyethyl-containing derivatives was much higher than the hydroxyethyl-free ones overall. Among them, HMT-NBO exhibited the most potent effect with IC50 of 5.85 μM, which was nearly 25-fold and 3.8-fold lower than its parent HMT-NBE and the control kojic acid, respectively. The hydroxyethyl clearly benefited the improvement of the inhibitory competences and acted as a regulating group of lipophilicity of the inhibitors. The kinetic analyses showed that HMTs were reversible and mixed type inhibitors against mushroom TYR. The inhibition mechanism was studied by means of fluorescence spectroscopy, FT-IR, ESI-MS and molecular docking analysis. The results indicated that the observed inhibitory effect of HMTs was accomplished by acting on the amino acid residues rather than by chelating the centre copper ions of TYR. Each of HMTs can insert the hydrophobic pocket and interact with the residues of TYR through Van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds, with additional electrostatic interactions for HMT-NEE and HMT-NEO further strengthening the affinity. Meanwhile, the inhibitors were observed to bind with L-DOPA or/and L-DOPAquinone forming 1:1 stoichiometric complexes, probably exerting indirect inhibition against TYR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jianjun East Rd. 211, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Industrial Technology Research Academy, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jianjun East Rd. 211, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Run Cheng
- Industrial Technology Research Academy, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jianjun East Rd. 211, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Wenyan Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jianjun East Rd. 211, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Qinfang Zhang
- Industrial Technology Research Academy, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jianjun East Rd. 211, Yancheng 224051, PR China.
| | - Huajin Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Industrial Technology Research Academy, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jianjun East Rd. 211, Yancheng 224051, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jianjun East Rd. 211, Yancheng 224051, PR China.
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Design, synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, in vitro tyrosinase inhibition, antioxidant evaluation, in silico and kinetic studies of substituted indole-carbohydrazides. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106140. [PMID: 36150231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, twenty-five indole-carbohydrazide derivatives linked to different aryl substitutions were rationally designed and synthesized. The structures of all derivatives were confirmed using different spectroscopic techniques including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The tyrosinase inhibitory activities of all synthetic compounds exhibited IC50 values in the range of 0.070 to > 100 μM. Structure-activity relationships showed that compounds 4f (R = 4-OH, IC50 = 0.070 μM), 8f (R = 4-OH, IC50 = 0.072 μM), and 19e (IC50 = 0.19 μM) with para-OH substituent at the R position was found to be the most active members of all three tested series. Kinetic studies exhibited that compounds 4f, 8f, and 19e are mixed-type inhibitors. Furthermore, toxicity and cell-based anti-melanogenesis assessments were performed on the most potent derivatives and it was shown that 4f, 8f, and 19e had no toxicity at 8 µM and reduced the percent of melanin content to 68.43, 72.61, 73.47 at 8 μM, respectively. In silico analyses of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) profile of synthesized compounds showed that these molecules followed drug-likeness rules and acceptable predictive ADMET features. Results of the docking study were almost in line with biological results with ChemPLP values of 53.56 to 79.33. Also, the docking study showed the critical interactions of potent inhibitors with the active site of the enzyme which affects the potency of the synthesized hybrids. Based on molecular dynamic simulations, compound 4f exhibited pronounced interaction with the critical residues of the tyrosinase active site so that the indole ring participated in H-bond interaction with Gly281 and 4-hydroxy benzylidene recorded another H-bond interaction with Asp289 plus hydrophobic interactions with Phe292. Hydrazide linker also exhibited three H-bond interactions with His263 and Gly281.
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30
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A review on biological assays of red algae marine compounds: An insight into skin whitening activities. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Kazancioglu MZ, Kendirli EC. Synthesis, characterization, and enzyme inhibition activities of 4-(methylthio)-N-propylaniline-phenylpiperazine and sulfonamide derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Hajimiri M, Khosravikia M, Khoshneviszadeh M, Pedrood K, Hosseini SZ, Asgari MS, Pirhadi S, Attarroshan M, Mobaraki K, Hosseini S, Behnammanesh H, Biglar M, Karimian S, Rastegar H, Hamedifar H, Larijani B, Mahdavi M, Iraji A. Rational Design, Synthesis, in Vitro, and in Silico Studies of Chlorophenylquinazolin-4(3H)-One Containing Different Aryl Acetohydrazides as Tyrosinase Inhibitors. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100964. [PMID: 35675562 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase plays a pivotal role in the hyperpigmentation and enzymatic browning of fruit and vegetable. Therefore, tyrosinase inhibitors can be of interest in industries as depigmentation compounds as well as anti-browning agents. In the present study, a series of chlorophenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one derivative were rationally designed and synthesized. The formation of target compounds was confirmed by spectral characterization techniques such as IR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, and elemental analysis. Among the synthesized derivatives, compound 8l was proved to be the most potent inhibitor with an IC50 value of 25.48±1.19 μM. Furthermore, the results of the molecular docking study showed that this compound fitted well in the active site of tyrosinase with the binding score of -10.72.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirhamed Hajimiri
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khosravikia
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoshneviszadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Keyvan Pedrood
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Zahra Hosseini
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Somayeh Pirhadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahshid Attarroshan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Koroush Mobaraki
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samanesadat Hosseini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Behnammanesh
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Biglar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Karimian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Rastegar
- Cosmetic Products Research Center, Iranian Food and Drug Administration, MOHE, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Hamedifar
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Iraji
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Central Research Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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33
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Zhang T, Peng X, Li F, Toufouki S, Yao S. Risk-focused investigation on ionic liquids against their applied background in transdermal delivery. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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34
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Rupa SA, Moni MR, Patwary MAM, Mahmud MM, Haque MA, Uddin J, Abedin SMT. Synthesis of Novel Tritopic Hydrazone Ligands: Spectroscopy, Biological Activity, DFT, and Molecular Docking Studies. Molecules 2022; 27:1656. [PMID: 35268756 PMCID: PMC8911750 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polytopic organic ligands with hydrazone moiety are at the forefront of new drug research among many others due to their unique and versatile functionality and ease of strategic ligand design. Quantum chemical calculations of these polyfunctional ligands can be carried out in silico to determine the thermodynamic parameters. In this study two new tritopic dihydrazide ligands, N’2, N’6-bis[(1E)-1-(thiophen-2-yl) ethylidene] pyridine-2,6-dicarbohydrazide (L1) and N’2, N’6-bis[(1E)-1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl) ethylidene] pyridine-2,6-dicarbohydrazide (L2) were successfully prepared by the condensation reaction of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic hydrazide with 2-acetylthiophene and 2-acetylpyrrole. The FT-IR, 1H, and 13C NMR, as well as mass spectra of both L1 and L2, were recorded and analyzed. Quantum chemical calculations were performed at the DFT/B3LYP/cc-pvdz/6-311G+(d,p) level of theory to study the molecular geometry, vibrational frequencies, and thermodynamic properties including changes of ∆H, ∆S, and ∆G for both the ligands. The optimized vibrational frequency and (1H and 13C) NMR obtained by B3LYP/cc-pvdz/6-311G+(d,p) showed good agreement with experimental FT-IR and NMR data. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) calculations were also conducted to find the HOMO, LUMO, and HOMO−LUMO gaps of the two synthesized compounds. To investigate the biological activities of the ligands, L1 and L2 were tested using in vitro bioassays against some Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and fungus strains. In addition, molecular docking was used to study the molecular behavior of L1 and L2 against tyrosinase from Bacillus megaterium. The outcomes revealed that both L1 and L2 can suppress microbial growth of bacteria and fungi with variable potency. The antibacterial activity results demonstrated the compound L2 to be potentially effective against Bacillus megaterium with inhibition zones of 12 mm while the molecular docking study showed the binding energies for L1 and L2 to be −7.7 and −8.8 kcal mol−1, respectively, with tyrosinase from Bacillus megaterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Akther Rupa
- Department of Chemistry, Comilla University, Cumilla 3506, Bangladesh; (S.A.R.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Md. Rassel Moni
- Department of Chemistry, Comilla University, Cumilla 3506, Bangladesh; (S.A.R.); (M.R.M.)
| | | | - Md. Mayez Mahmud
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima Shi 770-0026, Japan;
| | - Md. Aminul Haque
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh;
| | - Jamal Uddin
- Department of Natural Sciences, Center for Nanotechnology, Coppin State University, Baltimore, MD 21216, USA
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Flavone-based hydrazones as new tyrosinase inhibitors: Synthetic imines with emerging biological potential, SAR, molecular docking and drug-likeness studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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36
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Tao Y, Chen R, Fan Y, Liu G, Wang M, Wang S, Li L. Interaction mechanism of pelargonidin against tyrosinase by multi-spectroscopy and molecular docking. J Mol Recognit 2022; 35:e2955. [PMID: 35076992 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The interaction mechanism of pelargonidin (PG) with tyrosinase was investigated by multi-spectroscopy and molecular docking. As a result, PG had strong inhibitory activity on tyrosinase with the IC50 value of 41.94×10-6 mol·L-1 . The inhibition type of PG against tyrosinase was determined as a mixed mode. Meanwhile, the fluorescence of tyrosinase was quenched statically by PG, and accompanied by non-radiative energy transfer. The three-dimensional (3-D) fluorescence, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and circular dichroism spectroscopies (CD) indicated that PG decreased the hydrophobicity of the micro-environment around tryptophan (Trp) and tyrosine (Tyr), which resulted in the conformational change of tyrosinase. In addition, fluorescence and molecular docking analysis indicated that PG bound to tyrosinase via hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) and van der Waals force (vdW force). We herein recommended that PG might be a potential candidate drug for the treatment of melanin-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhou Tao
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Rongda Chen
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yangyang Fan
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Guiming Liu
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Meizi Wang
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Suqing Wang
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Li
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
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37
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Yıldız S, Bilen Ç, Karakuş E. Purification of damson plum polyphenol oxidase by affinity chromatography and investigation of metal effects on enzyme activity. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 52:1019-1034. [PMID: 35015975 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.2023825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was firstly purified from damson plum as a high antioxidant source. PPO was treated by 0-80% ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis. Characterization results were determined for catechol, 4-methyl catechol, pyrogallol and caffeic acid as 0.05 M/pH: 7.2/25 °C; 0.2 M/pH: 4.5/10 °C; 0.01 M/pH: 6.8/5 °C, and 0.2 M/pH: 8.5/10 °C, respectively. Vmax and KM values were calculated for same substrates as 17,219.97 U/(mL*min) and 11.67 mM; 7309.72 U/(mL*min) and 5 mM; 12,580.12 U/(mL*min) and 3.74 mM; 12,100.41 U/(mL*min) and 6.25 mM, respectively. Catechol gave the highest Vmax value among substrates. Affinity purification was performed by using Sepharose 4B-L-Tyrosine-p-aminobenzoic acid and Sepharose 6B-L-Tyrosine-p-aminobenzoic acid. Single bands were approximately observed at 50 kDa for each affinity sample in SDS-PAGE and Native-PAGE. 93.88 and 10.46 purification-folds were obtained for PPO by reference Sepharose-4B and original Sepharose-6B gels. Metal effects upon PPO activity were also investigated due to the importance of enzymatic browning in foods. Cu+2 activation and Fe+2 inhibition were observed with a final metal concentration of 1 mM at 219.66 and 43.18%, respectively. PPO purification from damson plum by affinity chromatography, its characterization, stability evaluation by statistically, and effects of metal ions on damson plum PPO have not been investigated in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selinnur Yıldız
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Bilen
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Karakuş
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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38
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Molecular modeling and docking of new 2-acetamidothiazole-based compounds as antioxidant agents. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Belen’kii LI, Gazieva GA, Evdokimenkova YB, Soboleva NO. The literature of heterocyclic chemistry, Part XX, 2020. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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40
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Determination of Chemical Composition, In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of Essential Oil from Leaves of Apium graveolens Grown in Saudi Arabia. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237372. [PMID: 34885954 PMCID: PMC8659096 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the composition and evaluate the in silico and in vitro antioxidants and antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects of Apium graveolens var. dulce leaves essential oil (AGO) collected from Al-Kharj (Saudi Arabia). AGO was isolated using the hydro-distillation method, and its composition was studied using gas-chromatography-mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), antimicrobial activities using well diffusion assay, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities using spectrophotometric methods. The pharmacological activities of their major compounds were predicted using PASS (prediction of activity spectra for substances) and drug-likening properties by ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) through web-based online tools. Isocnidilide (40.1%) was identified as the major constituent of AGO along with β-Selinene, Senkyunolide A, Phytyl acetate, and 3-Butylphthalide. AGO exhibited a superior antibacterial activity, and the strongest activity was detected against Gram-positive bacteria and Candida albicans. Additionally, it exhibited a weaker antioxidant potential and stronger anti-inflammatory effects. PASS prediction supported the pharmacological finding, whereas ADMET revealed the safety of AGO. The molecular docking of isocnidilide was carried out for antibacterial (DNA gyrase), antioxidant (tyrosinase), and anti-inflammatory (cyclooxygenase-2) activities. The docking simulation results were involved hydrophilic interactions and demonstrated high binding affinity of isocnidilide for anti-inflammatory protein (cycloxygenase-2). The presence of isocnidilide makes AGO a potential anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent. AGO, and its major metabolite isocnidilide, may be a suitable candidate for the future drug development.
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Sim J, Lanka S, Jo JW, Chaudhary CL, Vishwanath M, Jung CH, Lee YH, Kim EY, Kim YS, Hyun SS, Lee HS, Lee K, Seo SY, Viji M, Jung JK. Inhibitory Effect of Chlorogenic Acid Analogues Comprising Pyridine and Pyrimidine on α-MSH-Stimulated Melanogenesis and Stability of Acyl Analogues in Methanol. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1176. [PMID: 34832958 PMCID: PMC8622415 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In continuation of studies for α-MSH stimulated melanogenesis inhibitors, we have evaluated the design, synthesis, and activity of a new series of chlorogenic acid (CGA) analogues comprising pyridine, pyrimidine, and diacyl derivatives. Among nineteen synthesized compounds, most of them (fifteen) exhibited better inhibitions of melanin formation in B16 melanoma cells. The results illustrated that a pyridine analogue 6f and a diacyl derivative 13a of CGA showed superior inhibition profiles (IC50: 2.5 ± 0.7 μM and 1.1 ± 0.1 μM, respectively) of α-MSH activities than positive controls, kojic acid and arbutin (IC50: 54 ± 1.5 μM and 380 ± 9.5 μM, respectively). The SAR studies showed that both -CF3 and -Cl groups exhibited better inhibition at the meta position on benzylamine than their ortho and para positions. In addition, the stability of diacyl analogues of CGA in methanol monitored by HPLC for 28 days indicated the steric bulkiness of acyl substituents as a key factor in their stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeuk Sim
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (J.S.); (S.L.); (J.-W.J.); (C.L.C.); (M.V.); (C.-H.J.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.H.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Srinu Lanka
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (J.S.); (S.L.); (J.-W.J.); (C.L.C.); (M.V.); (C.-H.J.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.H.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Jeong-Woong Jo
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (J.S.); (S.L.); (J.-W.J.); (C.L.C.); (M.V.); (C.-H.J.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.H.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Chhabi Lal Chaudhary
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (J.S.); (S.L.); (J.-W.J.); (C.L.C.); (M.V.); (C.-H.J.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.H.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Manjunatha Vishwanath
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (J.S.); (S.L.); (J.-W.J.); (C.L.C.); (M.V.); (C.-H.J.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.H.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Chan-Hyun Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (J.S.); (S.L.); (J.-W.J.); (C.L.C.); (M.V.); (C.-H.J.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.H.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Young-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (J.S.); (S.L.); (J.-W.J.); (C.L.C.); (M.V.); (C.-H.J.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.H.); (H.-S.L.)
- Samjin Central Research Institute, Samjin Pharma Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28158, Korea
| | - Eun-Yeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea; (E.-Y.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Young-Soo Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (J.S.); (S.L.); (J.-W.J.); (C.L.C.); (M.V.); (C.-H.J.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.H.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Soon-Sil Hyun
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (J.S.); (S.L.); (J.-W.J.); (C.L.C.); (M.V.); (C.-H.J.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.H.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Hee-Soon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (J.S.); (S.L.); (J.-W.J.); (C.L.C.); (M.V.); (C.-H.J.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.H.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Kiho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea; (E.-Y.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Seung-Yong Seo
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea;
| | - Mayavan Viji
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (J.S.); (S.L.); (J.-W.J.); (C.L.C.); (M.V.); (C.-H.J.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.H.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Jae-Kyung Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Research Center (MRC), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (J.S.); (S.L.); (J.-W.J.); (C.L.C.); (M.V.); (C.-H.J.); (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.H.); (H.-S.L.)
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Mirabile S, Vittorio S, Paola Germanò M, Adornato I, Ielo L, Rapisarda A, Gitto R, Pintus F, Fais A, De Luca L. Evaluation of 4-(4-Fluorobenzyl)piperazin-1-yl]-Based Compounds as Competitive Tyrosinase Inhibitors Endowed with Antimelanogenic Effects. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3083-3093. [PMID: 34223697 PMCID: PMC8518915 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
There is a considerable attention for the development of inhibitors of tyrosinase (TYR) as therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders in humans. Continuing in our efforts to identify TYR inhibitors, we describe the design, synthesis and pharmacophore exploration of new small molecules structurally characterized by the presence of the 4-fluorobenzylpiperazine moiety as key pharmacophoric feature for the inhibition of TYR from Agaricus bisporus (AbTYR). Our investigations resulted in the discovery of the competitive inhibitor [4-(4-fluorobenzyl)piperazin-1-yl]-(3-chloro-2-nitro-phenyl)methanone 26 (IC50 =0.18 μM) that proved to be ∼100-fold more active than reference compound kojic acid (IC50 =17.76 μM). Notably, compound 26 exerted antimelanogenic effect on B16F10 cells in absence of cytotoxicity. Docking analysis suggested its binding mode into AbTYR and into modelled human TYR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Mirabile
- Department of ChemicalBiological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaViale Palatucci 1398168MessinaItaly
| | - Serena Vittorio
- Department of ChemicalBiological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaViale Palatucci 1398168MessinaItaly
| | - Maria Paola Germanò
- Department of ChemicalBiological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaViale Palatucci 1398168MessinaItaly
| | - Ilenia Adornato
- Department of ChemicalBiological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaViale Palatucci 1398168MessinaItaly
| | - Laura Ielo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of TurinVia P. Giuria 710125TurinItaly
| | - Antonio Rapisarda
- Department of ChemicalBiological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaViale Palatucci 1398168MessinaItaly
| | - Rosaria Gitto
- Department of ChemicalBiological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaViale Palatucci 1398168MessinaItaly
| | - Francesca Pintus
- Department of Life and Environment SciencesUniversity of Cagliari09042MonserratoCagliariItaly
| | - Antonella Fais
- Department of Life and Environment SciencesUniversity of Cagliari09042MonserratoCagliariItaly
| | - Laura De Luca
- Department of ChemicalBiological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaViale Palatucci 1398168MessinaItaly
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43
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Recent advances in the design and discovery of synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113744. [PMID: 34365131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a copper-containing metalloenzyme that is responsible for the rate-limiting catalytic step in the melanin biosynthesis and enzymatic browning. As a promising target, tyrosinase inhibitors can be used as skin whitening agents and food preservatives, thus having broad potential in the fields of food, cosmetics, agriculture and medicine. From 2015 to 2020, numerous synthetic inhibitors of tyrosinase have been developed to overcome the challenges of low efficacy and side effects. This review summarizes the enzyme structure and biological functions of tyrosinase and demonstrates the recent advances of synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors from the perspective of medicinal chemistry, providing a better understanding of the catalytic mechanisms and more effective tyrosinase inhibitors.
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44
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Sahoo CR, Paidesetty SK, Padhy RN. The recent development of thymol derivative as a promising pharmacological scaffold. Drug Dev Res 2021; 82:1079-1095. [PMID: 34164828 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Thymol (a phenol ring bearing active phytoconstituent) is a privileged scaffold, which is diversified in natural sources. This scaffold acts as an obligatory template for scheming and arriving at designing some newer drug-molecules with potential biological activities. In the pharmacological perspective, the promising active sites of the scaffold are the positions C-1, C-4, and C-6 of thymol that would be accountable for developing potent drug candidates. This review aims to explore the various synthetic routes and the structural-activity relationship of thymol scaffold with suitable active pharmacophore sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chita Ranjan Sahoo
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Paidesetty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Rabindra Nath Padhy
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
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45
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Obaid RJ, Mughal EU, Naeem N, Sadiq A, Alsantali RI, Jassas RS, Moussa Z, Ahmed SA. Natural and synthetic flavonoid derivatives as new potential tyrosinase inhibitors: a systematic review. RSC Adv 2021; 11:22159-22198. [PMID: 35480807 PMCID: PMC9034236 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a multifunctional glycosylated and copper-containing oxidase that is highly prevalent in plants and animals and plays a pivotal role in catalyzing the two key steps of melanogenesis: tyrosine's hydroxylation to dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), and oxidation of the latter species to dopaquinone. Melanin guards against the destructive effects of ultraviolet radiation which is known to produce considerable pathological disorders such as skin cancer, among others. Moreover, the overproduction of melanin can create aesthetic problems along with serious disorders linked to hyperpigmented spots or patches on skin. Several skin-whitening products which reduce melanogenesis activity and alleviate hyperpigmentation are commercially available. A few of them, particularly those obtained from natural sources and that incorporate a phenolic scaffold, have been exploited in the cosmetic industry. In this context, synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors (TIs) with elevated efficacy and fewer side effects are direly needed in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries owing to their protective effect against pigmentation and dermatological disorders. Furthermore, the biological significance of the chromone skeleton and its associated medicinal and bioactive properties has drawn immense interest and inspired many researchers to design and develop novel anti-tyrosinase agents based on the flavonoid core (2-arylchromone). This review article is oriented to provide an insight and a deeper understanding of the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of an array of natural and bioinspired phenolic compounds with special emphasis on flavonoids to demonstrate how the position of ring substituents and their interaction with tyrosinase could be correlated with their effectiveness or lack thereof against inhibiting the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami J Obaid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nafeesa Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat Gujrat-50700 Pakistan
| | - Amina Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University Sialkot-51300 Pakistan
| | - Reem I Alsantali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacy College, Taif University 888-Taif Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabab S Jassas
- Department of Chemistry, Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziad Moussa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University P. O. Box 15551, Al Ain Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University 71516 Assiut Egypt
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46
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Yu F, Lu Y, Zhong Z, Qu B, Wang M, Yu X, Chen J. Mitf Involved in Innate Immunity by Activating Tyrosinase-Mediated Melanin Synthesis in Pteria penguin. Front Immunol 2021; 12:626493. [PMID: 34093521 PMCID: PMC8173187 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.626493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is an important transcription factor that plays a key role in melanogenesis, cell proliferation, survival and immune defense in vertebrate. However, its function and function mechanism in bivalve are still rarely known. In this research, first, a Mitf gene was characterized from Pteria penguin (P. penguin). The PpMitf contained an open reading frame of 1,350 bp, encoding a peptide of 449 deduced amino acids with a highly conserved basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) domain. The PpMITF shared 55.7% identity with amino acid sequence of Crassostrea gigas (C. gigas). Tissue distribution analysis revealed that PpMitf was highly expressed in mantle and hemocytes, which were important tissues for color formation and innate immunity. Second, the functions of PpMitf in melanin synthesis and innate immunity were identified. The PpMitf silencing significantly decreased the tyrosinase activity and melanin content, indicating PpMitf involved in melanin synthesis of P. penguin. Meanwhile, the PpMitf silencing clearly down-regulated the expression of PpBcl2 (B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 gene) and antibacterial activity of hemolymph supernatant, indicating that PpMitf involved in innate immunity of P. penguin. Third, the function mechanism of PpMitf in immunity was analyzed. The promoter sequence analysis of tyrosinase (Tyr) revealed two highly conserved E-box elements, which were specifically recognized by HLH-LZ of MITF. The luciferase activities analysis showed that Mitf could activate the E-box in Tyr promoter through highly conserved bHLH-LZ domain, and demonstrated that PpMitf involved in melanin synthesis and innate immunity by regulating tyrosinase expression. Finally, melanin from P. penguin, the final production of Mitf-Tyr-melanin pathway, was confirmed to have direct antibacterial activity. The results collectively demonstrated that PpMitf played a key role in innate immunity through activating tyrosinase-mediated melanin synthesis in P. penguin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yu
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yishan Lu
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhiming Zhong
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bingliang Qu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Meifang Wang
- Ocean College, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyong Yu
- Ocean College, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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47
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He M, Fan M, Peng Z, Wang G. An overview of hydroxypyranone and hydroxypyridinone as privileged scaffolds for novel drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 221:113546. [PMID: 34023737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxypyranone and hydroxypyridinone are important oxygen-containing or nitrogen-containing heterocyclic nucleus and attracted increasing attention in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery over the past decade. Previous literature reports revealed that hydroxypyranone and hydroxypyridinone derivatives exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, and anti-diabetic activities. In this review, we systematically summarized the literature reported biological activities of hydroxypyranone and hydroxypyridinone derivatives. In particular, we focus on their biological activity, structure-activity relationship (SAR), mechanism of action, and interaction mechanisms with the target. The collected information is expected to provide rational guidance for the development of clinically useful agents from these pharmacophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min He
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Meiyan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhiyun Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guangcheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
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48
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Ryu IY, Choi I, Jung HJ, Ullah S, Choi H, Al-Amin M, Chun P, Moon HR. In vitro anti-melanogenic effects of chimeric compounds, 2-(substituted benzylidene)-1,3-indanedione derivatives with a β-phenyl-α, β -unsaturated dicarbonyl scaffold. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104688. [PMID: 33582586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is considered a key contributor to melanogenesis, and safe, potent tyrosinase inhibitors are needed for medical and cosmetic purposes to treat skin hyperpigmentation and prevent fruit and vegetable browning. According to our accumulated SAR data on tyrosinase inhibitors, the β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl scaffold in either E or Z configurations, can confer potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity. In this study, twelve indanedione derivatives were synthesized as chimeric compounds with a β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated dicarbonyl scaffold. Two of these derivatives, that is, compounds 2 and 3 (85% and 96% inhibition, respectively), at 50 μM inhibited mushroom tyrosinase markedly more potently than kojic acid (49% inhibition). Docking studies predicted that compounds 2 and 3 both inhibited tyrosinase competitively, and these findings were supported by Lineweaver-Burk plots. In addition, both compounds inhibited tyrosinase activity and reduced melanin contents in B16F10 cells more than kojic acid without perceptible cytotoxicity. These results support the notion that chimeric compounds with the β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated dicarbonyl scaffold represent promising starting points for the development of potent tyrosinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Young Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Inkyu Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Sultan Ullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, FL 33458, USA
| | - Heejeong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Md Al-Amin
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, South Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea.
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49
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Michailidis D, Angelis A, Nikolaou PE, Mitakou S, Skaltsounis AL. Exploitation of Vitis vinifera, Foeniculum vulgare, Cannabis sativa and Punica granatum By-Product Seeds as Dermo-Cosmetic Agents. Molecules 2021; 26:731. [PMID: 33572507 PMCID: PMC7866782 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, by-product seed pastes (VSPs) from Vitis vinifera, Foeniculum vulgare, Cannabis sativa and Punica granatum, generated during the oil production process, were investigated for their potential exploitation as dermo-cosmetic agent. The extraction pipeline of all the raw materials was developed with emphasis on green methodologies and employed on laboratory scale based on industry-adopted techniques. Two different protocols were applied, Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) and Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE); the by-product pastes were defatted with supercritical CO2 and n-Hexane, respectively. Then, two SFE extracts (CO2 with 10% and 20% of ethanol as co-solvent) and two UAE extracts (with ethanol and ethanol/water 1:1 v/v) were obtained from each raw material. The providing yield range was between 2.6 to 76.3 mg/g raw material. The extracts were analyzed with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Diode Array Detector (HPLC-DAD) and Liquid Chromatography coupled with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometer (LC-HRMS), and the major compounds, were identified. All the extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant and inhibition activity against collagenase, elastase and tyrosinase enzymes. Grapevine by-product extracts found rich in proanthocyanidins and presented the higher inhibition activity. A holistic green experimental methodology is proposed for the obtainment of extracts from significant medicinal plants by-products that provides us with promising results concerning dermo-cosmetic properties, especially for grape seeds extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Michailidis
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece; (D.M.); (A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Apostolis Angelis
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece; (D.M.); (A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Panagiota Efstathia Nikolaou
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece;
| | - Sofia Mitakou
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece; (D.M.); (A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Alexios Léandros Skaltsounis
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece; (D.M.); (A.A.); (S.M.)
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50
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Iraji A, Panahi Z, Edraki N, Khoshneviszadeh M, Khoshneviszadeh M. Design, synthesis, in vitro and in silico studies of novel Schiff base derivatives of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzamide as tyrosinase inhibitors. Drug Dev Res 2020; 82:533-542. [PMID: 33340117 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to the fact that tyrosinase is responsible for biosynthesis and regulation of melanins and browning food products, tyrosinase inhibitors can be favorable agents in cosmetics and medicinal industries. A series of novel 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzohydrazide were designed, synthesized, and their new application as tyrosinase inhibitors was also disclosed. Based on in vitro tyrosinase inhibitory assay, 4d as the strongest inhibitor of tyrosinase with an IC50 value of 7.57 μM showed approximately 2.5-fold better inhibition than kojic acid as positive control followed by two compounds 4b (IC50 = 8.19 ± 0.25 μM) and 4j (IC50 = 8.92 ± 0.016) which displayed preferable tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Detailed investigations on the mechanism of action of the 4d reported mix type of inhibition. More importantly, molecular modeling assessments proposed the ability of 4d for potential interaction with Cu (metal)-His (residue) within tyrosinase active site. Overall, 4d is a promising candidate for the development of anti-tyrosinase agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Iraji
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Panahi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsima Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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