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Xu H, Zhang Y, Wang C, Fu Z, Lv J, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Qi Y, Meng K, Yuan J, Wang X. Research progress on the fanconi anemia signaling pathway in non-obstructive azoospermia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1393111. [PMID: 38846492 PMCID: PMC11153779 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1393111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is a disease characterized by spermatogenesis failure and comprises phenotypes such as hypospermatogenesis, mature arrest, and Sertoli cell-only syndrome. Studies have shown that FA cross-linked anemia (FA) pathway is closely related to the occurrence of NOA. There are FA gene mutations in male NOA patients, which cause significant damage to male germ cells. The FA pathway is activated in the presence of DNA interstrand cross-links; the key step in activating this pathway is the mono-ubiquitination of the FANCD2-FANCI complex, and the activation of the FA pathway can repair DNA damage such as DNA double-strand breaks. Therefore, we believe that the FA pathway affects germ cells during DNA damage repair, resulting in minimal or even disappearance of mature sperm in males. This review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of FA-related genes in male azoospermia, with the aim of providing a theoretical reference for clinical research and exploration of related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohui Xu
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Caiqin Wang
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zhuoyan Fu
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yufang Yang
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yuanmin Qi
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Kai Meng
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jinxiang Yuan
- Lin He’s Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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2
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Tiwari P, Yadav A, Kaushik M, Dada R. Cancer risk and male Infertility: Unravelling predictive biomarkers and prognostic indicators. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 558:119670. [PMID: 38614420 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a global increase in cases of male infertility. There are about 30 million cases of male infertility worldwide and male reproductive health is showing rapid decline in last few decades. It is now recognized as a potential risk factor for developing certain types of cancer, particularly genitourinary malignancies like testicular and prostate cancer. Male infertility is considered a potential indicator of overall health and an early biomarker for cancer. Cases of unexplained male factor infertility have high levels of oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage and this induces both denovo germ line mutations and epimutations due to build up of 8-hydroxy 2 deoxygunaosine abase which is highly mutagenic and also induces hypomethylation and genomic instability. Consequently, there is growing evidence to explore the various factors contributing to an increased cancer risk. Currently, the available prognostic and predictive biomarkers associated with semen characteristics and cancer risk are limited but gaining significant attention in clinical research for the diagnosis and treatment of elevated cancer risk in the individual and in offspring. The male germ cell being transcriptionally and translationally inert has a highly truncated repair mechanism and has minimal antioxidants and thus most vulnerable to oxidative injury due to environmental factors and unhealthy lifestyle and social habits. Therefore, advancing our understanding requires a thorough evaluation of the pathophysiologic mechanisms at the DNA, RNA, protein, and metabolite levels to identify key biomarkers that may underlie the pathogenesis of male infertility and associated cancer. Advanced methodologies such as genomics, epigenetics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics stand at the forefront of cutting-edge approaches for discovering novel biomarkers, spanning from infertility to associated cancer types. Henceforth, in this review, we aim to assess the role and potential of recently identified predictive and prognostic biomarkers, offering insights into the success of assisted reproductive technologies, causes of azoospermia and idiopathic infertility, the impact of integrated holistic approach and lifestyle modifications, and the monitoring of cancer susceptibility, initiation and progression. Comprehending these biomarkers is crucial for providing comprehensive counselling to infertile men and cancer patients, along with their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Tiwari
- Lab for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Anjali Yadav
- Lab for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Meenakshi Kaushik
- Lab for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Rima Dada
- Lab for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India.
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Naeimi N, Mohseni Kouchesfehani H, Heidari Z, Mahmoudzadeh‐Sagheb H, Movahed S. CHD5
gene (rs9434741) might be a genetic risk factor for infertility in non‐obstructive azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14590. [DOI: 10.1111/and.14590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Naeimi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences Kharazmi University Tehran Iran
| | | | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Histology School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan Iran
| | | | - Saeed Movahed
- Department of Urology School of Medicine Ali Ibne Abitaleb Hospital Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan Iran
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4
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Whole-Genome Profile of Greek Patients with Teratozοοspermia: Identification of Candidate Variants and Genes. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091606. [PMID: 36140773 PMCID: PMC9498395 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Male infertility is a global health problem that affects a large number of couples worldwide. It can be categorized into specific subtypes, including teratozoospermia. The present study aimed to identify new variants associated with teratozoospermia in the Greek population and to explore the role of genes on which these were identified. For this reason, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on normozoospermic and teratozoospermic individuals, and after selecting only variants found in teratozoospermic men, these were further prioritized using a wide range of tools, functional and predictive algorithms, etc. An average of 600,000 variants were identified, and of them, 61 were characterized as high impact and 153 as moderate impact. Many of these are mapped in genes previously associated with male infertility, yet others are related for the first time to teratozoospermia. Furthermore, pathway enrichment analysis and Gene ontology (GO) analyses revealed the important role of the extracellular matrix in teratozoospermia. Therefore, the present study confirms the contribution of genes studied in the past to male infertility and sheds light on new molecular mechanisms by providing a list of variants and candidate genes associated with teratozoospermia in the Greek population.
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Zhang H, Li W, Jiang Y, Li J, Chen M, Wang R, Zhao J, Peng Z, Huang H, Liu R. Whole Exome Sequencing Identifies Genes Associated With Non-Obstructive Azoospermia. Front Genet 2022; 13:872179. [PMID: 35495142 PMCID: PMC9043847 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.872179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) affects nearly 1% of men; however, the landscape of the causative genes is largely unknown. Objective: To explore the genetic etiology which is the fundamental cause of NOA, a prospective case-control study and parental–proband trio linkage analysis were performed. Materials: A total of 133 patients with clinicopathological NOA and 343 fertile controls were recruited from a single large academic fertility center located in Northeast China; in addition, eleven trio families were available and enrolled. Results: Whole exome sequencing-based rare variant association study between the cases and controls was performed using the gene burden association testing. Linkage analysis on the trio families was also interrogated. In total, 648 genes were identified to be associated with NOA (three of which were previously reported), out of which six novel genes were found further associated based on the linkage analysis in the trio families, and involved in the meiosis-related network. Discussion and Conclusion: The six currently identified genes potentially account for a fraction (3.76%, 5 out of 133 patients) of the heritability of unidentified NOA, and combining the six novel genes and the three previously reported genes together would potentially account for an overall 6.77% (9 out of 133 patients) heritability of unidentified NOA in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguo Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuting Jiang
- Reproductive Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia Li
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Ruixue Wang
- Reproductive Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiyu Peng
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Huang
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Huang, ; Ruizhi Liu,
| | - Ruizhi Liu
- Reproductive Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Huang, ; Ruizhi Liu,
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Ghadirkhomi E, Angaji SA, Khosravi M, Mashayekhi MR. Association of Novel Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Genes Involved in Cell Functions with Male Infertility: A Study of Male Cases in Northwest Iran. J Reprod Infertil 2022; 22:258-266. [PMID: 34987987 PMCID: PMC8669412 DOI: 10.18502/jri.v22i4.7651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infertility is a global health problem caused by various environmental and genetic factors. Male infertility accounts for 40-50% of all cases of infertility and approximately half of them are grouped as idiopathic with no definitive causes. Previous studies have suggested an association between some SNPs and infertility in men. In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the association of 7 different SNPs of 4 genes involved in common cell functions with male infertility. Methods MTHFR rs1801131 (T>G), MTHFR rs2274976 (G>A), FASLG rs80358238 (A>G), FASLG rs12079514 (A>C), GSTM1 rs1192077068 (G>A), BRCA2 rs4987117 (C>T), and BRCA2 rs11571833 (A>T) were genotyped in 120 infertile men with idiopathic azoospermia or severe oligospermia and 120 proven fertile controls using ARMS-PCR methods. Next, 30% of SNPs were regenotyped to confirm the results. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using SPSS statistical software to evaluate the strength of association. The p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Statistical analysis revealed significant association between MTHFR rs-2274976 AA variant (OR: 10.00, CI: 3.203-31.225), FASLG rs12079514 AC variant (OR: 0.412, CI: 0.212-0.800), and BRCA2 rs11571833 TT variant OR: 6.233, CI: 3.211-12.101) with male infertility, but there was no significant difference between case and control groups in MTHFR rs1801131 (p= 0.111), GSTM1 rs1192077068 (p=0.272), BRCA2 rs4987117 (p=0.221), and FASLG rs80358238 (p=0.161). Conclusion Our findings suggested that some novel polymorphisms including MTHFR rs2274976, FASLG rs12079514, and BRCA2 rs11571833 might be the possible predisposing risk factors for male infertility in cases with idiopathic azoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ghadirkhomi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolhamid Angaji
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Khosravi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Bio Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mashayekhi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
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Markantoni M, Sarafidou T, Kyrgiafini MA, Chatziparasidou A, Christoforidis N, Dafopoulos K, Mamuris Z. Replicating a GWAS: two novel candidate markers for oligospermia in Greek population. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4967-4972. [PMID: 34097203 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have paved the way for the discovery of new markers regarding many diseases, including male infertility. A previous study on Caucasians highlighted 172 polymorphisms for their putative association with male infertility and we attempted to replicate these findings on our dataset comprising of Greek male individuals (n = 360). We retrieved 59 out of 172 polymorphisms and tested for all association models on 278 normospermic men and 82 patients with an abnormal seminogram, later separated into oligozoospermic and asthenozoospermic groups. Our findings indicate that two SNPs (rs2296225 in KIF17, rs7224496 in SMYD4) are associated with male infertility in the Greek population and have not been recorded in literature as of yet. These novel markers need further validation via additional studies and an increased individual number. All in all, replication studies, possess the power to validate existing polymorphisms found across all population and thus increase both statistical significance as well as identify novel potentially diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Markantoni
- Laboratory of Genetics, Comparative and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larisa, Greece
| | - Theologia Sarafidou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Comparative and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larisa, Greece
| | - Maria-Anna Kyrgiafini
- Laboratory of Genetics, Comparative and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larisa, Greece
| | | | | | - Konstantinos Dafopoulos
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larisa, Greece
| | - Zissis Mamuris
- Laboratory of Genetics, Comparative and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larisa, Greece.
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8
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Yoshikawa Y, Kozuma H, Morimatsu M, Sugawara K, Orino K. Reduced translation efficiency due to novel splicing variants in 5' untranslated region and identification of novel cis-regulatory elements in canine and human BRCA2. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:2. [PMID: 33407082 PMCID: PMC7788759 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer 2, early onset (BRCA2) is a tumor suppressor gene. The protein encoded by this gene plays an important role in homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DNA repair. Deleterious mutations in BRCA2 and downregulation of its expression have been associated with tumorigenesis in dogs and humans. Thus, regulation of BRCA2 expression level is important for maintaining homeostasis in homologous recombination. Results In this study, the mechanisms that regulate the expression of BRCA2 were proposed. Novel splicing variants were identified in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of canine and human BRCA2 in canine testis, canine ovary, and canine and human cultured cell lines. In cultured cells, the ratio of BRCA2 splicing variants at the 5′ UTR was altered by serum starvation. These novel splicing variants, excluding one of the canine splicing variants, were found to reduce the translational efficiency. Additionally, the DNA sequence in human BRCA2 intron 1 harbored novel cis-regulatory elements. Three silencer and two enhancer cis-regulatory elements were identified in human BRCA2 intron 1. Conclusions This study demonstrates that BRCA2 expression level is regulated via 5′ UTR splicing variants and that the BRCA2 intron 1 region harbors cis-regulatory elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunaga Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan.
| | - Hajime Kozuma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Masami Morimatsu
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kaori Sugawara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Koichi Orino
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
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9
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Pandey A, Yadav SK, Vishvkarma R, Singh B, Maikhuri JP, Rajender S, Gupta G. The dynamics of gene expression during and post meiosis sets the sperm agenda. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1921-1939. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Pandey
- Division of EndocrinologyCSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
| | | | - Rahul Vishvkarma
- Division of EndocrinologyCSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
| | - Bineta Singh
- Division of EndocrinologyCSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
| | | | - Singh Rajender
- Division of EndocrinologyCSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
| | - Gopal Gupta
- Division of EndocrinologyCSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
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10
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Kabartan E, Gunes S, Arslan MA, Asci R. Investigating the relationship between
BRCA1
and
BRCA2
genes methylation profile and sperm DNA fragmentation in infertile men. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13308. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emel Kabartan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine Ondokuz Mayis University Samsun Turkey
- Scientific Research Projects Office Ordu University Ordu Turkey
| | - Sezgin Gunes
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine Ondokuz Mayis University Samsun Turkey
- Department of Multidisciplinary Molecular Medicine Health Sciences Institute, Ondokuz Mayis University Samsun Turkey
| | - Mehmet Alper Arslan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine Ondokuz Mayis University Samsun Turkey
- Department of Multidisciplinary Molecular Medicine Health Sciences Institute, Ondokuz Mayis University Samsun Turkey
| | - Ramazan Asci
- Department of Multidisciplinary Molecular Medicine Health Sciences Institute, Ondokuz Mayis University Samsun Turkey
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine Ondokuz Mayis University Samsun Turkey
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Nagirnaja L, Aston KI, Conrad DF. Genetic intersection of male infertility and cancer. Fertil Steril 2018; 109:20-26. [PMID: 29307395 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies have identified an association between male factor infertility and increased cancer risk, however, the underlying etiology for the shared risk has not been investigated. It is likely that much of the association between the two disease states can be attributed to underlying genetic lesions. In this article we review the reported associations between cancer and spermatogenic defects, and through database searches we identify candidate genes and gene classes that could explain some of the observed shared genetic risk. We discuss the importance of fully characterizing the genetic basis for the relationship between cancer and male factor infertility and propose future studies to that end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liina Nagirnaja
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kenneth I Aston
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Donald F Conrad
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
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Liu W, Gao X, Yan L, Liu H, Yu R, Zhao S, Ma J. Analysis of CDK2 mutations in Chinese men with non-obstructive azoospermia who underwent testis biopsy. Reprod Biomed Online 2018; 36:356-360. [PMID: 29373224 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To examine whether mutations of the CDK2 gene exist in Chinese men with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) with different histopathology, we recruited 175 Chinese men with idiopathic NOA who underwent testis biopsy, including hypospermatogenesis, germ cell maturation arrest and Sertoli cell only syndrome. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples. Subsequently, the seven exons of the CDK2 gene were amplified using polymerase chain reaction with specific primers, respectively. The polymerase chain reaction products were sequenced on an automated sequencer. We identified four known single nucleotide polymorphisms: c.324G>A in exon 1; c.363T>C in exon 2; c.*570G>A; and c.*1160G>C in the 3' UTR of the CDK2 gene. Comparison of the genotype and allele frequencies showed no significant differences between NOA cases and controls for the four single nucleotide polymorphisms. Furthermore, no significant differences were found between each pathological group and control group, respectively. The results indicate that mutations in the coding sequence of the CDK2 gene may not be responsible for idiopathic NOA in Chinese men. Future studies in large cohorts of different ethnic populations are warranted to establish whether associations exist between the CDK2 gene and NOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Xuan Gao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Ruimei Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Shidou Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, China.
| | - Jinlong Ma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, 157 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250021, China.
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13
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Kothandaraman N, Agarwal A, Abu-Elmagd M, Al-Qahtani MH. Pathogenic landscape of idiopathic male infertility: new insight towards its regulatory networks. NPJ Genom Med 2016; 1:16023. [PMID: 29263816 PMCID: PMC5685305 DOI: 10.1038/npjgenmed.2016.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic male infertility (IMI) affects nearly 10-15% of men in their prime reproductive age. More than 500 target genes were postulated to be associated with this disease condition through various genomic studies. The challenge is to determine the functional role of these genes and proteins that form part of a larger network leading to pathogenesis of the IMI phenotype in humans. In the current study, we have catalogued all of the genes associated with IMI from published studies, as well as looked at reactive oxygen species and antioxidant genes, the two key physiological determinants essential for normal spermatogenesis. Any imbalance in these genes through mutation, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or other forms could result in abnormal regulation of genes leading to infertility. SNPs catalogued in the current study, representing a third of the IMI genes, could possibly explain the various hidden factors associated with this condition. The enriched biological functions in SNPs, as well as functional analysis of IMI genes, resulted in the identification of novel gene pairs, from which we proposed new models to describe the underlying pathogenesis of this disease condition. The outcome of this study will give a new set of genes and proteins that could help explain the disease from a global perspective previously not addressed using standard approaches. Genes corresponding to proteins identified from the current study for spermatozoa and seminal plasma showed functional correlation based on their localization, which gave further confirmation of their roles in defective spermatogenesis as seen in IMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimhan Kothandaraman
- American Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Muhammad Abu-Elmagd
- Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H Al-Qahtani
- Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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An association study of SPO11 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms with idiopathic male infertility in Chinese Han population. J Assist Reprod Genet 2011; 28:731-6. [PMID: 21556891 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-011-9571-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the incidence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in SPO11 and its influence in idiopathic male infertility in China. METHODS Infertility factors such as anatomical, immunological and infectious disorders were examined in selecting patients with idiopathic male infertility. Routine semen analysis was performed. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood of the selected patients and control group, and five SNP loci of SPO11 were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. Furthermore, nucleotide sequences were sequenced. RESULTS SNP5 (rs28368082) in the exon7 of SPO11 was identified to be associated with idiopathic male infertility (P = 0.037 for differences across genotypes). A transversion (C5679T) was detected in eight patients (11.0%), which led arginine change into tryptophan. And this variant was not found in the remaining patients and controls. CONCLUSION A SPO11 SNP was associated with idiopathic male reproduction, suggested that SPO11 might has an effect on premorbid functioning, which increase susceptibility for idiopathic male reproduction. Further research on this issue is still necessary.
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Salagovič J, Klimčáková L, Ilenčíková D, Kafková A. Association of follicular lymphoma risk with BRCA2 N372H polymorphism in Slovak population. Med Oncol 2011; 29:1173-8. [PMID: 21476145 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-011-9925-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is one of the most common Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) subtype. Only small number of studies concerning NHL and DNA reparation gene polymorphisms has been performed so far. Hence, we have assessed the effect of 4 selected polymorphisms with possible influence on risk of FL development in a case-control study in Slovak population. We have genotyped polymorphisms in the RAG1 (K820R), LIG4 (T9I), BRCA2 (N372H), and WRN (V114I) genes in 108 patients with histologically proven FL diagnosis and 127 healthy controls. For discrimination between the allelic variants, we have established the genotyping by real-time melting analysis of an unlabeled probe. The most notable finding was related to polymorphism N372H in the BRCA2 gene. Compared with the wild-type genotype (NN), the homozygous variant genotype (HH) was associated with an increased FL risk (OR = 2.91, 95% CI: 0.96-8.81), although on the borderline of statistical significance (P = 0.050). However, after stratification by gender and age, the FL risk was significantly increased in men with variant-containing genotypes (OR = 2.79, 95% CI: 1.20-6.45) and even severalfold significantly increased among men with homozygous variant BRCA2 genotype (OR = 21.18, 95% CI: 2.46-182.2). No significant associations with FL risk were identified for other polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Salagovič
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik, Tr. SNP 1, 040 11, Košice, Slovakia
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Ogorevc J, Dovc P, Kunej T. Comparative Genomics Approach to Identify Candidate Genetic Loci for Male Fertility. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 46:229-39. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Carrell DT, Aston KI. The search for SNPs, CNVs, and epigenetic variants associated with the complex disease of male infertility. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2011; 57:17-26. [PMID: 21208142 DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2010.521615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic basis of idiopathic male infertility has long been the focus of many researchers. Numerous recent studies have attempted to identify relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) through medical re-sequencing studies in which candidate genes are sequenced in large numbers of cases and controls in the search for risk or causative polymorphisms. Two major characteristics have limited the utility of the re-sequencing studies. First, reported SNPs have only accounted for a small percentage of idiopathic male infertility. Second, SNPs reported to have an association with male infertility based on gene re-sequencing studies often fail validation in follow-up studies. Recent advances in the tools available for genetic studies have enabled interrogation of the entire genome in search of common, and more recently, rare variants. In this review, we discuss the progress of studies on genetic and epigenetic variants of male infertility as well as future directions that we predict will be the most productive in identifying the genetic basis for male factor infertility based on our current state of knowledge in this field as well as lessons learned about the genetic basis for complex diseases from other disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas T Carrell
- Andrology and IVF Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA.
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Tamowski S, Aston KI, Carrell DT. The use of transgenic mouse models in the study of male infertility. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2010; 56:260-73. [PMID: 20536325 DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2010.485244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades with the rapid advances in embryo and embryonic stem cell manipulation techniques, transgenic mouse models have emerged as a powerful tool for the study of gene function and complex diseases including male infertility. In this review we give a brief history of the development of tools for the production of transgenic mouse models. This spans the advances from early pronuclear injection to the use of targeted embryonic stem cells to produce gene targeted, conditional, and inducible knockout mouse models. Lastly we provide a few examples to illustrate the utility of mouse models in the study of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Tamowski
- Transgenic and Gene Targeting Mouse Core, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA
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Aston KI, Krausz C, Laface I, Ruiz-Castané E, Carrell DT. Evaluation of 172 candidate polymorphisms for association with oligozoospermia or azoospermia in a large cohort of men of European descent. Hum Reprod 2010; 25:1383-97. [PMID: 20378615 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of tremendous efforts by a number of groups, the search for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly associated with male factor infertility by means of gene re-sequencing studies has yielded few likely candidates. A recent pilot, genome-wide SNP association study (GWAS) identified a list of SNPs associated with oligozoospermia and azoospermia. This is an expanded follow-up study of the SNPs identified by the GWAS as well as other SNPs from previously published gene re-sequencing studies. METHODS On the basis of the pilot GWAS and SNPs with published associations with male infertility, 172 SNPs were genotyped in men with idiopathic azoospermia or oligozoospermia using the Illumina BeadXpress platform. RESULTS Several SNPs were identified or confirmed to be significantly associated with oligozoospermia and/or azoospermia. More importantly, this follow-up study indicates that, at least in Caucasian men, no single common SNP accounts for a significant proportion of spermatogenic failure cases. CONCLUSIONS The associations reported in this study are promising, but much larger genome-wide studies will be necessary to confidently validate these SNPs and identify novel SNPs associated with male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth I Aston
- Andrology and IVF Laboratories, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Liang J, Gu A, Xia Y, Wu B, Lu N, Wang W, Lu C, Zheng Q, Wang S, Wang X. XPC gene polymorphisms and risk of idiopathic azoospermia or oligozoospermia in a Chinese population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY 2009; 32:235-241. [PMID: 18067564 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2007.00842.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
A retrospective case-control study was carried out in the Han-Chinese population to determine the polymorphisms of xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) gene on the risk of idiopathic azoospermia or oligozoospermia. The Ala499Val (C>T) and Lys939Gln (A>C) polymorphism of XPC gene were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in three groups of infertile men (172 patients of azoospermia, 25 patients of severe oligozoospermia, 55 patients of oligozoospermia) and 228 fertile men. Increased risk of idiopathic azoospermia, but not oligozoospermia was associated with the XPC variant genotypes of Ala499Val (C>T) [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04-2.68 for CT heterozygote and adjusted OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.10-3.75 for TT homozygote] compared with CC homozygous wide-type. The Lys939Gln (A>C) polymorphism was not related to spermatogenic failure. The combined risk alleles analysis and haplotype analysis showed that ORs increased as the number of the risk alleles increased and the 499T-939C haplotype had a significantly increased risk of idiopathic azoospermia (OR = 7.97; 95% CI = 3.51-18.07) compared with other haplotypes. The results suggest that XPC Ala499Val (C>T) polymorphism is correlated with high risk of idiopathic azoospermia in the Han-Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Tüttelmann F, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Nieschlag E, Simoni M. Gene polymorphisms and male infertility--a meta-analysis and literature review. Reprod Biomed Online 2008; 15:643-58. [PMID: 18062861 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Many genetic polymorphisms have been studied extensively to elucidate their role in the pathophysiology of male infertility. This article presents a review of the literature following a thorough search of PubMed, a compilation of meta-analyses of studies reporting an association with male fertility where the population(s) could be clearly identified as fertile and/or infertile, and a summary of all polymorphisms that have been investigated in single case-control studies to date. The meta-analyses revealed significant associations between polymorphism and male fertility only for AZF gr/gr deletions (OR 1.81, 1.46-2.24 CI, P<0.00001) and MTHFR 677C-->T (OR 1.39, 1.15-2.69 95% CI, P=0.0006) but not for POLG, DAZL, USP26 or FSHR. The influence of CAG repeat length in AR remains open and debated. Genes encoding nuclear proteins (PRM1/2, TNP1/2) and ER1 are possible candidates for further examination, while the role of TAF7L remains unclear. Polymorphisms in 16 other genes have been investigated in single studies, but the results remain doubtful due to often small and heterogeneous cohorts and in the absence of independent replications. The genetic studies performed so far emphasize the complexity of male infertility as a presumably polygenetic trait amended by environmental, lifestyle or occupational factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Tüttelmann
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine of the University, Domagkstrasse 11, D-48129 Münster, Germany
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Gu AH, Liang J, Lu NX, Wu B, Xia YK, Lu CC, Song L, Wang SL, Wang XR. Association of XRCC1 gene polymorphisms with idiopathic azoospermia in a Chinese population. Asian J Androl 2008; 9:781-6. [PMID: 17968463 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7262.2007.00325.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the possible role of genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair gene XRCC1 (X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1) during spermatogenesis by investigating the associations of one promoter polymorphism (T-77C) and two exonic polymorphisms (Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln) in XRCC1 gene with risk of idiopathic azoospermia in a Chinese population. METHODS The genotype and allele frequencies of three observed polymorphisms were examined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism based on a Chinese population consisting of 171 idiopathic azoospermia subjects and 247 normal-spermatogenesis controls. RESULTS In our study, all the observed genotype frequencies were in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The 399A (GA+AA) allele frequency for idiopathic azoospermia subjects and controls was 0.216 and 0.269, respectively. Compared with GG genotype, the AA genotype of Arg399Gln showed a significant association with a decreased risk of idiopathic azoospermia (odds ratio = 0.315; 95% confidence interval = 0.12-0.86). However, no significant differences were found between the cases and controls for T-77C and Arg194Trp polymorphisms. The major haplotypes of XRCC1 gene were TCG, TTG and TCA, whereas no haplotypes appeared to be significantly associated with idiopathic azoospermia based on the cutoff of P < 0.05. CONCLUSION In a selected Chinese population, AA genotype of Arg399Gln appears to contribute to a decreased risk of idiopathic azoospermia, while we have not any evidence of involvement of XRCC1 T-77C and Arg194Trp polymorphisms in idiopathic azoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Hua Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Palli D, Falchetti M, Masala G, Lupi R, Sera F, Saieva C, D'Amico C, Ceroti M, Rizzolo P, Caligo MA, Zanna I, Ottini L. Association between the BRCA2 N372H variant and male breast cancer risk: a population-based case-control study in Tuscany, Central Italy. BMC Cancer 2007; 7:170. [PMID: 17767707 PMCID: PMC2001195 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-7-170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2007] [Accepted: 09/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease and little is known about its aetiology. Germ-line mutations of BRCA2 and, at lower frequency, of BRCA1 are implicated in a relatively small proportion of MBC cases. Common polymorphic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes may represent breast cancer (BC) susceptibility alleles and could be associated with a modestly increased risk of MBC at population level. Considering the relevant role of BRCA2 in MBC, we investigated whether the BRCA2 N372H variant, representing the only common non-synonymous polymorphism in BRCA2, might modulate the risk of BC in male populations. METHODS A case-control study was performed comparing a population-based series of 99 MBC cases, characterized for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, with 261 male population controls, all residing in Tuscany, Central Italy. All MBC cases and controls were genotyped for the BRCA2 N372H allele by TaqMan allelic discrimination assays. To evaluate the genotype specific risk of the BRCA2 N372H variant, MBC carriers of germ-line BRCA1/2 mutations were excluded from the analyses. RESULTS No association emerged in univariate and age-adjusted analyses. Age-specific analyses suggested an increased risk for the HH homozygous genotype in subjects younger than 60 years. A statistically significant interaction emerged between this genotype and age (p = 0.032). When analyses were restricted to MBC cases enrolled in the first 4 years following diagnosis, a recessive model showed a significantly increased risk of MBC in HH subjects younger than 60 years (OR = 5.63; 95% CI = 1.70;18.61). CONCLUSION Overall, our findings, although based on a relatively small series, suggest that the BRCA2 HH homozygous genotype might be positively associated with an increased risk of MBC in men younger than 60 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, CSPO, Scientific Institute of Tuscany, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Falchetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, CSPO, Scientific Institute of Tuscany, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Ramona Lupi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Sera
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, CSPO, Scientific Institute of Tuscany, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Calogero Saieva
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, CSPO, Scientific Institute of Tuscany, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina D'Amico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Ceroti
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, CSPO, Scientific Institute of Tuscany, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Piera Rizzolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Adelaide Caligo
- Division of Surgical, Molecular and Ultrastructural Pathology, Department of Oncology, University of Pisa and Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ines Zanna
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, CSPO, Scientific Institute of Tuscany, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00161 Rome, Italy
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Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of testicular failure remains unknown in about half of the cases and is referred to as "idiopathic infertility". "Idiopathic" testicular failure is of probable genetic origin since the number of genes involved in human spermatogenesis is likely thousands and only a small proportion of them have been identified and screened in infertile men. In parallel with studies aimed to identify mutations with a clear cause-effect relationship in spermatogenesis candidate genes, there is an increasing interest towards genetic susceptibility factors to male infertility. Despite many efforts, only a few clinically relevant polymorphisms have been identified. This is mainly related to the multifactorial nature of male infertility and to the inappropriate study design of the majority of the studies. The most promising polymorphisms are in genes involved in the endocrine regulation of spermatogenesis and on the Y chromosome, the "gr/gr" deletions. Polymorphisms are generally considered as co-factors. Their final effect on testis function and fertility is probably modulated by the genetic background of each individual and/or by the presence of certain environmental factors. In this review, recent findings concerning some of the most widely studied polymorphisms and male infertility will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Krausz
- Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, Viale Pieraccini, 6 Firenze, Italy.
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2007; 19:289-96. [PMID: 17495648 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0b013e3281fc29db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tanaka H, Hirose M, Tokuhiro K, Tainaka H, Miyagawa Y, Tsujimura A, Okuyama A, Nishimune Y. Molecular biological features of male germ cell differentiation. Reprod Med Biol 2007; 6:1-9. [PMID: 29699260 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0578.2007.00158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell differentiation is required throughout the life of a multicellular organism to maintain homeostasis. In contrast, germ cells have only one specific function; to preserve the species by conveying the parental genes to the next generation. Recent studies of the development and molecular biology of the male germ cell have identified many genes, or isoforms, that are specifically expressed in the male germ cell. In the present review, we consider the unique features of male germ cell differentiation. (Reprod Med Biol 2007; 6: 1-9).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mika Hirose
- TANAKA Project, Center for Advanced Science and Innovation
| | - Keizo Tokuhiro
- TANAKA Project, Center for Advanced Science and Innovation
| | | | - Yasushi Miyagawa
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine and
| | - Akira Tsujimura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine and
| | - Akihiko Okuyama
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine and
| | - Yoshitake Nishimune
- Research Collaboration Center on Emerging and Re-emerging Infections, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Zhang W, Zhang S, Xiao C, Yang Y, Zhoucun A. Mutation screening of the FKBP6 gene and its association study with spermatogenic impairment in idiopathic infertile men. Reproduction 2007; 133:511-6. [PMID: 17307919 DOI: 10.1530/rep-06-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fkbp6 has been proved to be a new component of synaptonemal complexes and be involved in homologous chromosomes pairing and male infertility in mice. To explore the possible association between variations in the FKBP6 gene and impaired spermatogenesis in human, mutation screening of all the eight exons and the intron/exon boundaries of the gene was performed in 323 patients with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia and 205 fertile controls by denatured HPLC and DNA sequencing. As a result, four novel and one known single nucleotide transitions were identified, including c.58-2A>G, c.111C>T, c.156G>T, c.594G>A, and c.216C>A (rs3750075). The frequencies of genotype CA, allele A of c.216C>A and haplotype ‘GAG’ consisting of c.156G>T, c.216C>A, and c.594G>A were significantly lower in infertile patients than those in controls. These findings suggest that the FKBP6 gene may play a role in modifying the susceptibility to idiopathic spermatogenic impairment in human and propose that the allele A of c.216C>A seems to be a protective factor for the development of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Divison of Human Morbid Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Medical Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Renmin Nanlu, Section 3 #17, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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Cotroneo MS, Haag JD, Zan Y, Lopez CC, Thuwajit P, Petukhova GV, Camerini-Otero RD, Gendron-Fitzpatrick A, Griep AE, Murphy CJ, Dubielzig RR, Gould MN. Characterizing a rat Brca2 knockout model. Oncogene 2006; 26:1626-35. [PMID: 16964288 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Evidence exists that BRCA2 carriers may have an elevated risk of breast, ovarian, colon, prostate, and pancreatic cancer. In general, carriers are defined as individuals with protein truncating mutations within the BRCA2 gene. Many Brca2 knockout lines have been produced and characterized in the mouse. We previously produced a rat Brca2 knockout strain in which there is a nonsense mutation in exon 11 between BRC repeats 2 and 3, and a truncated protein is produced. Interestingly, while such a mutation in homozygous mice would lead to limited survival of approximately 3 months, the Brca2-/- rats are 100% viable and the vast majority live to over 1 year of age. Brca2-/- rats show a phenotype of growth inhibition and sterility in both sexes. Aspermatogenesis in the Brca2-/- rats is due to a failure of homologous chromosome synapsis. Long-term phenotypes include underdeveloped mammary glands, cataract formation and lifespan shortening due to the development of tumors and cancers in multiple organs. The establishment of the rat Brca2 knockout model provides a means to study the role of Brca2 in increasing cancer susceptibility and inducing a novel ocular phenotype not previously associated with this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Cotroneo
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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