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Kumagai H, Yamada K, Nakai K, Kitamura T, Mohri K, Ukawa M, Tomono T, Eguchi T, Yoshizaki T, Fukuchi T, Yoshino T, Matsuura M, Tobita E, Pham W, Nakase H, Sakuma S. Tumor recognition of peanut agglutinin-immobilized fluorescent nanospheres in biopsied human tissues. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 136:29-37. [PMID: 30639308 PMCID: PMC6456895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We are investigating an imaging agent for early detection of colorectal cancer. The agent, named the nanobeacon, is coumarin 6-encapsulated polystyrene nanospheres whose surfaces are covered with poly(N-vinylacetamide) and peanut agglutinin that reduces non-specific interactions with the normal mucosa and exhibits high affinity for terminal sugars of the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen, which is expressed cancer-specifically on the mucosa, respectively. We expect that cancer can be diagnosed by detecting illumination of intracolonically administered nanobeacon on the mucosal surface. In the present study, biopsied human tissues were used to evaluate the potential use of the nanobeacon in the clinic. Prior to the clinical study, diagnostic capabilities of the nanobeacon for detection of colorectal cancer were validated using 20 production batches whose characteristics were fine-tuned chemically for the purpose. Ex vivo imaging studies on 66 normal and 69 cancer tissues removed from the colons of normal and orthotopic mouse models of human colorectal cancer, respectively, demonstrated that the nanobeacon detected colorectal cancer with excellent capabilities whose rates of true and false positives were 91% and 5%, respectively. In the clinical study, normal and tumor tissues on the large intestinal mucosa were biopsied endoscopically from 11 patients with colorectal tumors. Histological evaluation revealed that 9 patients suffered from cancer and the rest had adenoma. Mean fluorescence intensities of tumor tissues treated with the nanobeacon were significantly higher than those of the corresponding normal tissues. Correlation of magnitude relation of the intensity in individuals was observed in cancer patients with a high probability (89%); however, the probability reduced to 50% in adenoma patients. There was a reasonable likelihood for diagnosis of colorectal cancer by the nanobeacon applied to the mucosa of the large intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Kumagai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata 573-0101, Japan; Life Science Materials Laboratory, ADEKA Corp., Tokyo 116-8554, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata 573-0101, Japan
| | - Kanako Nakai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata 573-0101, Japan
| | - Tokio Kitamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata 573-0101, Japan
| | - Kohta Mohri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata 573-0101, Japan
| | - Masami Ukawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata 573-0101, Japan
| | - Takumi Tomono
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata 573-0101, Japan
| | - Takaaki Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osakafu Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital, Osaka 530-0012, Japan
| | - Testuya Yoshizaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osakafu Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital, Osaka 530-0012, Japan
| | - Takumi Fukuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osakafu Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital, Osaka 530-0012, Japan
| | - Takuya Yoshino
- Division of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Digestive Disease Center, Tadzuki Kouhuukai Kitano Hospital, Osaka 534-8680, Japan
| | - Minoru Matsuura
- Division of Endoscopy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Etsuo Tobita
- Life Science Materials Laboratory, ADEKA Corp., Tokyo 116-8554, Japan
| | - Wellington Pham
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA.
| | - Hiroshi Nakase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-0061, Japan.
| | - Shinji Sakuma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata 573-0101, Japan.
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Sakuma S, Kumagai H, Shimosato M, Kitamura T, Mohri K, Ikejima T, Hiwatari KI, Koike S, Tobita E, McClure R, Gore JC, Pham W. Toxicity studies of coumarin 6-encapsulated polystyrene nanospheres conjugated with peanut agglutinin and poly(N-vinylacetamide) as a colonoscopic imaging agent in rats. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:1227-36. [PMID: 25725490 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We are investigating an imaging agent that detects early-stage primary colorectal cancer on the mucosal surface in real time under colonoscopic observation. The imaging agent, which is named the nanobeacon, is fluorescent nanospheres conjugated with peanut agglutinin and poly(N-vinylacetamide). Its potential use as an imaging tool for colorectal cancer has been thoroughly validated in numerous studies. Here, toxicities of the nanobeacon were assessed in rats. The nanobeacon was prepared according to the synthetic manner which is being established as the Good Manufacturing Practice-guided production. The rat study was performed in accordance with Good Laboratory Practice regulations. No nanobeacon treatment-related toxicity was observed. The no observable adverse effect levels (NOAEL) of the nanobeacon in 7-day consecutive oral administration and single intrarectal administration were estimated to be more than 1000mg/kg/day and 50mg/kg/day, respectively. We concluded that the nanobeacon could be developed as a safe diagnostic agent for colonoscopy applications. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Colon cancer remains a major cause of death. Early detection can result in early treatment and thus survival. In this article, the authors tested potential systemic toxicity of coumarin 6-encapsulated polystyrene nanospheres conjugated with peanut agglutinin (PNA) and poly(N-vinylacetamide) (PNVA), which had been shown to bind specifically to colonic cancer cells and thus very promising in colonoscopic detection of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Sakuma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka Japan.
| | | | - Moe Shimosato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka Japan
| | - Tokio Kitamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka Japan
| | - Kohta Mohri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka Japan
| | | | | | - Seiji Koike
- Life Science Materials Laboratory, ADEKA Co., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Etsuo Tobita
- Life Science Materials Laboratory, ADEKA Co., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Richard McClure
- Institute of Imaging Science, Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John C Gore
- Institute of Imaging Science, Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wellington Pham
- Institute of Imaging Science, Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Sakuma S, Yu JYH, Quang T, Hiwatari KI, Kumagai H, Kao S, Holt A, Erskind J, McClure R, Siuta M, Kitamura T, Tobita E, Koike S, Wilson K, Richards-Kortum R, Liu E, Washington K, Omary R, Gore JC, Pham W. Fluorescence-based endoscopic imaging of Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen to improve early detection of colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:1095-103. [PMID: 25052906 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen belongs to the mucin-type tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen. Notably, TF antigen is overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) but is rarely expressed in normal colonic tissue. Increased TF antigen expression is associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. In this study, we sought to validate a novel nanobeacon for imaging TF-associated CRC in a preclinical animal model. We developed and characterized the nanobeacon for use with fluorescence colonoscopy. In vivo imaging was performed on an orthotopic rat model of CRC. Both white light and fluorescence colonoscopy methods were utilized to establish the ratio-imaging index for the probe. The nanobeacon exhibited specificity for TF-associated cancer. Fluorescence colonoscopy using the probe can detect lesions at the stage which is not readily confirmed by conventional visualization methods. Further, the probe can report the dynamic change of TF expression as tumor regresses during chemotherapy. Data from this study suggests that fluorescence colonoscopy can improve early CRC detection. Supplemented by the established ratio-imaging index, the probe can be used not only for early detection, but also for reporting tumor response during chemotherapy. Furthermore, since the data obtained through in vivo imaging confirmed that the probe was not absorbed by the colonic mucosa, no registered toxicity is associated with this nanobeacon. Taken together, these data demonstrate the potential of this novel probe for imaging TF antigen as a biomarker for the early detection and prediction of the progression of CRC at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Sakuma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
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Advances in imaging probes and optical microendoscopic imaging techniques for early in vivo cancer assessment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 74:53-74. [PMID: 24120351 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A new chapter in the history of medical diagnosis happened when the first X-ray technology was invented in the late 1800s. Since then, many non-invasive and minimally invasive imaging techniques have been invented for clinical diagnosis to research in cellular biology, drug discovery, and disease monitoring. These imaging modalities have leveraged the benefits of significant advances in computer, electronics, and information technology and, more recently, targeted molecular imaging. The development of targeted contrast agents such as fluorescent and nanoparticle probes coupled with optical imaging techniques has made it possible to selectively view specific biological events and processes in both in vivo and ex vivo systems with great sensitivity and selectivity. Thus, the combination of targeted molecular imaging probes and optical imaging techniques have become a mainstay in modern medicinal and biological research. Many promising results have demonstrated great potentials to translate to clinical applications. In this review, we describe a discussion of employing imaging probes and optical microendoscopic imaging techniques for cancer diagnosis.
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Kitamura T, Sakuma S, Shimosato M, Higashino H, Masaoka Y, Kataoka M, Yamashita S, Hiwatari KI, Kumagai H, Morimoto N, Koike S, Tobita E, Hoffman RM, Gore JC, Pham W. Specificity of lectin-immobilized fluorescent nanospheres for colorectal tumors in a mouse model which better resembles the clinical disease. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2014; 10:135-43. [PMID: 24976331 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We have been investigating an imaging agent that enables real-time and accurate diagnosis of early colorectal cancer at the intestinal mucosa by colonoscopy. The imaging agent is peanut agglutinin-immobilized polystyrene nanospheres with surface poly(N-vinylacetamide) chains encapsulating coumarin 6. Intracolonically-administered lectin-immobilized fluorescent nanospheres detect tumor-derived changes through molecular recognition of lectin for the terminal sugar of cancer-specific antigens on the mucosal surface. The focus of the present study was to evaluate imaging abilities of the nanospheres in animal models that reflect clinical environments. We previously developed an orthotopic mouse model with human colorectal tumors growing on the mucosa of the descending colon to better resemble the clinical disease. The entire colon of the mice in the exposed abdomen was monitored in real time with an in vivo imaging apparatus. Fluorescence from the nanospheres was observed along the entire descending colon after intracolonical administration from the anus. When the luminal side of the colon was washed with phosphate-buffered saline, most of the nanospheres were flushed. However, fluorescence persisted in areas where cancer cells were implanted. Histological evaluation demonstrated that tumors were present in the mucosal epithelia where the nanospheres fluoresced. In contrast, no fluorescence was observed when control mice, without tumors were tested. The lectin-immobilized fluorescent nanospheres were tumor-specific and remained bound to tumors even after vigorous washing. The nanospheres nonspecifically bound to normal mucosa were easily removed through mild washing. These results indicate that the nanospheres combined with colonoscopy, will be a clinically-valuable diagnostic tool for early-stage primary colon carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokio Kitamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging—Unit 59, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texas 77030, Tel: 713-792-5182,
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Corem-Salkmon E, Perlstein B, Margel S. Design of near-infrared fluorescent bioactive conjugated functional iron oxide nanoparticles for optical detection of colon cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:5517-27. [PMID: 23112575 PMCID: PMC3480238 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s33710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colon cancer is one of the major causes of death in the Western world. Early detection significantly improves long-term survival for patients with the disease. Near- infrared (NIR) fluorescent nanoparticles hold great promise as contrast agents for tumor detection. NIR offers several advantages for bioimaging compared with fluorescence in the visible spectrum, ie, lower autofluorescence of biological tissues, lower absorbance, and consequently deeper penetration into biomatrices. Methods and results NIR fluorescent iron oxide nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution were prepared by nucleation, followed by controlled growth of thin iron oxide films onto cyanine NIR dye conjugated gelatin-iron oxide nuclei. For functionalization, and in order to increase the NIR fluorescence intensity, the NIR fluorescent iron oxide nanoparticles obtained were coated with human serum albumin containing cyanine NIR dye. Leakage of the NIR dye from these nanoparticles into phosphate-buffered saline solution containing 4% albumin was not detected. The work presented here is a feasibility study to test the suitability of iron oxide-human serum albumin NIR fluorescent nanoparticles for optical detection of colon cancer. It demonstrates that encapsulation of NIR fluorescent dye within these nanoparticles significantly reduces photobleaching of the dye. Tumor-targeting ligands, peanut agglutinin and anticarcinoembryonic antigen antibodies (αCEA), were covalently conjugated with the NIR fluorescent iron oxide-human serum albumin nanoparticles via a poly(ethylene glycol) spacer. Specific colon tumor detection was demonstrated in chicken embryo and mouse models for both nonconjugated and the peanut agglutinin-conjugated or αCEA-conjugated NIR fluorescent iron oxide-human serum albumin nanoparticles. Conclusion Conjugation of peanut agglutinin or αCEA to the nanoparticles significantly increased the fluorescence intensity of the tagged colon tumor tissues relative to the nonconjugated nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enav Corem-Salkmon
- The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Debuigne A, Morin AN, Kermagoret A, Piette Y, Detrembleur C, Jérôme C, Poli R. Key Role of Intramolecular Metal Chelation and Hydrogen Bonding in the Cobalt-Mediated Radical Polymerization ofN-Vinyl Amides. Chemistry 2012; 18:12834-44. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Improvement of low bioavailability of a novel factor Xa inhibitor through formulation of cationic additives in its oral dosage form. Int J Pharm 2011; 421:244-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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