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Masoudi M, Taghdisi SM, Hashemitabar G, Abnous K. Targeted co-delivery of FOXM1 aptamer and DOX by nucleolin aptamer-functionalized pH-responsive biocompatible nanodelivery system to enhance therapeutic efficacy against breast cancer: in vitro and in vivo. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1535-1550. [PMID: 38161196 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01495-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Targeted nanodelivery systems offer a promising approach to cancer treatment, including the most common cancer in women, breast cancer. In this study, a targeted, pH-responsive, and biocompatible nanodelivery system based on nucleolin aptamer-functionalized biogenic titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNP) was developed for targeted co-delivery of FOXM1 aptamer and doxorubicin (DOX) to improve breast cancer therapy. The developed targeted nanodelivery system exhibited almost spherical morphology with 124.89 ± 12.97 nm in diameter and zeta potential value of - 23.78 ± 3.66 mV. FOXM1 aptamer and DOX were loaded into the nanodelivery system with an efficiency of 100% and 97%, respectively. Moreover, the targeted nanodelivery system demonstrated excellent stability in serum and a pH-responsive sustained drug release profile over a period of 240 h following Higuchi kinetic and Fickian diffusion mechanism. The in vitro cytotoxicity experiments demonstrated that the targeted nanodelivery system provided selective internalization and strong growth inhibition effects of about 45 and 51% against nucleolin-positive 4T1 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. It is noteworthy that these phenomena were not observed in nucleolin-negative cells (CHO). The preclinical studies revealed that a single-dose intravenous injection of the targeted nanodelivery system into 4T1-bearing mice inhibited tumor growth by 1.7- and 1.4-fold more efficiently than the free drug and the non-targeted nanodelivery system, respectively. Our results suggested that the developed innovative targeted pH-responsive biocompatible nanodelivery system could serve as a prospectively potential platform to improve breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Masoudi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hashemitabar
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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2
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Li R, Bao Z, Wang P, Deng Y, Fan J, Zhu X, Xia X, Song Y, Yao H, Li D. Gelatin-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes Loaded with Cisplatin for Anti-Cancer Therapy. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3333. [PMID: 37631391 PMCID: PMC10458187 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (Cp), a chemotherapeutic agent, interacts with purines on tumor DNA, causing tumor cell apoptosis. However, cisplatin has the characteristics of non-specific distribution and lack of selectivity, resulting in systemic toxicity. Moreover, it cannot maintain the drug's high concentration in the tumor-weak acid environment. These flaws of cisplatin restrict its use in clinical applications. Therefore, a pH-responsive carbon nanotube-modified nano-drug delivery system (CNTs/Gel/Cp) was constructed in this study using gelatin (Gel)-modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs/Gel) loaded with cisplatin to release drugs precisely and slowly, preventing premature inactivation and maintaining an effective concentration. When MCp:MCNTs/Gel = 1:1, the drug reaches the highest loading rate and entrapment efficiency. To achieve the sustained-release effect, CNTs/Gel/Cp can release the medicine steadily for a long time in a pH environment of 6.0. Additionally, CNTs/Gel/Cp display antitumor properties comparable to cisplatin in a manner that varies with the dosage administered. These findings indicate that CNTs/Gel/Cp have an effective, sustained release of cisplatin and a good antitumor effect, providing a theoretical and experimental basis for the clinical application of modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a new drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (R.L.); (Z.B.); (P.W.); (Y.D.); (J.F.); (X.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.S.); (H.Y.)
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhenfei Bao
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (R.L.); (Z.B.); (P.W.); (Y.D.); (J.F.); (X.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.S.); (H.Y.)
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Pei Wang
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (R.L.); (Z.B.); (P.W.); (Y.D.); (J.F.); (X.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.S.); (H.Y.)
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yunyun Deng
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (R.L.); (Z.B.); (P.W.); (Y.D.); (J.F.); (X.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.S.); (H.Y.)
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Junping Fan
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (R.L.); (Z.B.); (P.W.); (Y.D.); (J.F.); (X.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.S.); (H.Y.)
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (R.L.); (Z.B.); (P.W.); (Y.D.); (J.F.); (X.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.S.); (H.Y.)
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xinyu Xia
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (R.L.); (Z.B.); (P.W.); (Y.D.); (J.F.); (X.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.S.); (H.Y.)
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yiming Song
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (R.L.); (Z.B.); (P.W.); (Y.D.); (J.F.); (X.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.S.); (H.Y.)
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Haiyan Yao
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (R.L.); (Z.B.); (P.W.); (Y.D.); (J.F.); (X.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.S.); (H.Y.)
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Dongfang Li
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (R.L.); (Z.B.); (P.W.); (Y.D.); (J.F.); (X.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.S.); (H.Y.)
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang 330006, China
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3
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Quan W, Kong S, Li S, Ouyang Q, Lu S, Guo J, Wu K, Zhao W, Luo H. Anti-Photoaging Effects of Nanocomposites of Amphiphilic Chitosan/18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114362. [PMID: 37298838 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving the transdermal absorption of weakly soluble drugs for topical use can help to prevent and treat skin photoaging. Nanocrystals of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (i.e., NGAs) prepared by high-pressure homogenization and amphiphilic chitosan (ACS) were used to form ANGA composites by electrostatic adsorption, and the optimal ratio of NGA to ACS was 10:1. Dynamic light scattering analysis and zeta potential analysis were used to evaluate the nanocomposites' suspension, and the results showed that mean particle size was 318.8 ± 5.4 nm and the zeta potential was 30.88 ± 1.4 mV after autoclaving (121 °C, 30 min). The results of CCK-8 showed that the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of ANGAs (71.9 μg/mL) was higher than that of NGAs (51.6 μg/mL), indicating that the cytotoxicity of ANGAs was weaker than that of NGAs at 24 h. After the composite had been prepared as a hydrogel, the vertical diffusion (Franz) cells were used to investigate skin permeability in vitro, and it was shown that the cumulative permeability of the ANGA hydrogel increased from 56.5 ± 1.4% to 75.3 ± 1.8%. The efficacy of the ANGA hydrogel against skin photoaging was studied by constructing a photoaging animal model under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and staining. The ANGA hydrogel improved the photoaging characteristics of UV-induced mouse skin significantly, improved structural changes (e.g., breakage and clumping of collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis) significantly, and improved skin elasticity, while it inhibited the abnormal expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-3 significantly, thereby reducing the damage caused by UV irradiation to the collagen-fiber structure. These results indicated that the NGAs could enhance the local penetration of GA into the skin and significantly improve the photoaging of mouse skin. The ANGA hydrogel could be used to counteract skin photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Quan
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Songzhi Kong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Sidong Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Qianqian Ouyang
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Sitong Lu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Kefeng Wu
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
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4
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Entezari M, Yousef Abad GG, Sedghi B, Ettehadi R, Asadi S, Beiranvand R, Haratian N, Karimian SS, Jebali A, Khorrami R, Zandieh MA, Saebfar H, Hushmandi K, Salimimoghadam S, Rashidi M, Taheriazam A, Hashemi M, Ertas YN. Gold nanostructure-mediated delivery of anticancer agents: Biomedical applications, reversing drug resistance, and stimuli-responsive nanocarriers. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 225:115673. [PMID: 36906270 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The application of nanoarchitectures in cancer therapy seems to be beneficial for the delivery of antitumor drugs. In recent years, attempts have been made to reverse drug resistance, one of the factors threatening the lives of cancer patients worldwide. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are metal nanostructures with a variety of advantageous properties, such as tunable size and shape, continuous release of chemicals, and simple surface modification. This review focuses on the application of GNPs for the delivery of chemotherapy agents in cancer therapy. Utilizing GNPs results in targeted delivery and increased intracellular accumulation. Besides, GNPs can provide a platform for the co-delivery of anticancer agents and genetic tools with chemotherapeutic compounds to exert a synergistic impact. Furthermore, GNPs can promote oxidative damage and apoptosis by triggering chemosensitivity. Due to their capacity for providing photothermal therapy, GNPs can enhance the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents against tumor cells. The pH-, redox-, and light-responsive GNPs are beneficial for drug release at the tumor site. For the selective targeting of cancer cells, surface modification of GNPs with ligands has been performed. In addition to improving cytotoxicity, GNPs can prevent the development of drug resistance in tumor cells by facilitating prolonged release and loading low concentrations of chemotherapeutics while maintaining their high antitumor activity. As described in this study, the clinical use of chemotherapeutic drug-loaded GNPs is contingent on enhancing their biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Gholamiyan Yousef Abad
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Sedghi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Ettehadi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shafagh Asadi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Beiranvand
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Haratian
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Sara Karimian
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Jebali
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Khorrami
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arad Zandieh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Saebfar
- European University Association, League of European Research Universities, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 4815733971, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 4815733971, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey; ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
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5
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Sharma A, Shambhwani D, Pandey S, Singh J, Lalhlenmawia H, Kumarasamy M, Singh SK, Chellappan DK, Gupta G, Prasher P, Dua K, Kumar D. Advances in Lung Cancer Treatment Using Nanomedicines. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:10-41. [PMID: 36643475 PMCID: PMC9835549 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Carcinoma of the lungs is among the most menacing forms of malignancy and has a poor prognosis, with a low overall survival rate due to delayed detection and ineffectiveness of conventional therapy. Therefore, drug delivery strategies that may overcome undesired damage to healthy cells, boost therapeutic efficacy, and act as imaging tools are currently gaining much attention. Advances in material science have resulted in unique nanoscale-based theranostic agents, which provide renewed hope for patients suffering from lung cancer. Nanotechnology has vastly modified and upgraded the existing techniques, focusing primarily on increasing bioavailability and stability of anti-cancer drugs. Nanocarrier-based imaging systems as theranostic tools in the treatment of lung carcinoma have proven to possess considerable benefits, such as early detection and targeted therapeutic delivery for effectively treating lung cancer. Several variants of nano-drug delivery agents have been successfully studied for therapeutic applications, such as liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, hydrogels, and micelles. In this Review, we present a comprehensive outline on the various types of overexpressed receptors in lung cancer, as well as the various targeting approaches of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshansh Sharma
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | | | - Sadanand Pandey
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea
| | - Jay Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras
Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Hauzel Lalhlenmawia
- Department
of Pharmacy, Regional Institute of Paramedical
and Nursing Sciences, Zemabawk, Aizawl, Mizoram 796017, India
| | - Murali Kumarasamy
- Department
of Biotechnology, National Institute of
Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844102, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional
University, Phagwara 144411, India
- Faculty
of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative
Medicine, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo-NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department
of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International
Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Suresh
Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur 302017, India
- Department
of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical
and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602117, India
- Uttaranchal
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal
University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Parteek Prasher
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Petroleum &
Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty
of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative
Medicine, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo-NSW 2007, Australia
- Discipline
of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo-NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
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Xiang H, Xu S, Li J, Li Y, Xue X, Liu Y, Li J, Miao X. Functional drug nanocrystals for cancer-target delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Wang J, Zhao H, Song W, Gu M, Liu Y, Liu B, Zhan H. Gold Nanoparticle-Decorated Drug Nanocrystals for Enhancing Anticancer Efficacy and Reversing Drug Resistance Through Chemo-/Photothermal Therapy. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2518-2534. [PMID: 35549267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Limited chemotherapeutic efficiency, drug resistance, and side effects are primary obstacles for cancer treatment. The development of co-delivery systems with synergistic treatment modes should be a promising strategy. Here, we fabricated a multifunctionalized nanocarrier with a combination of chemotherapeutic agents and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which could integrate chemo-photothermal therapy, thus enhancing overall anticancer efficacy, sensitizing drug-resistant cancer cells, and diminishing cancer stem cells (CSCs). To be specific, camptothecin nanocrystals (CPT NCs) were prepared as a platform, on the surface of which AuNPs were decorated and a hyaluronic acid layer acted as capping, stabilizing, targeting, and hydrophilic agents for CPT NCs, and reducing agents for AuNPs, providing a bridge connecting AuNPs to CPT. These AuNP-decorated CPT NCs exhibited good physico-chemical properties such as optimal sizes, payload, stability, and photothermal efficiency. Compared to other CPT formulations, they displayed considerably improved biocompatibility, selectivity, intracellular uptake, cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction activity, Pgp inhibitory capability, and anti-CSC activity, owing to a synergistic/cooperative effect from AuNPs, CPT, near-infrared treatment, pH/photothermal-triggered drug release, and nanoscaled structure. A mitochondrial-mediated signaling pathway is the underlying mechanism for cytotoxic and apoptotic effects from AuNP-decorated CPT NCs, in terms of mitochondrial dysfunction, intensified oxidative stress, DNA fragmentation, caspase 3 activation, upregulation of proapoptotic genes such as p53, Bax, and caspase 3, and lower levels of antiapoptotic Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihui Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning Province, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, Guangzhou Province, P. R. China
| | - He Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Song
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Mingyang Gu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Yujia Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Bingnan Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Honglei Zhan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
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8
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Lu L, Xu Q, Wang J, Wu S, Luo Z, Lu W. Drug Nanocrystals for Active Tumor-Targeted Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040797. [PMID: 35456631 PMCID: PMC9026472 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug nanocrystals, which are comprised of active pharmaceutical ingredients and only a small amount of essential stabilizers, have the ability to improve the solubility, dissolution and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs; in turn, drug nanocrystal technology can be utilized to develop novel formulations of chemotherapeutic drugs. Compared with passive targeting strategy, active tumor-targeted drug delivery, typically enabled by specific targeting ligands or molecules modified onto the surface of nanomedicines, circumvents the weak and heterogeneous enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect in human tumors and overcomes the disadvantages of nonspecific drug distribution, high administration dosage and undesired side effects, thereby contributing to improving the efficacy and safety of conventional nanomedicines for chemotherapy. Continuous efforts have been made in the development of active tumor-targeted drug nanocrystals delivery systems in recent years, most of which are encouraging and also enlightening for further investigation and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Lu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China;
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.X.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (Z.L.)
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qianzhu Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.X.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (Z.L.)
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.X.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (Z.L.)
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Sunyi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.X.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (Z.L.)
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zimiao Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.X.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (Z.L.)
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.X.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (Z.L.)
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center for Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, and Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Non-Coding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
- Correspondence:
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9
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Zhan H, Song W, Gu M, Zhao H, Liu Y, Liu B, Wang J. A New Gold Nanoparticles and Paclitaxel Co-Delivery System for Enhanced Anti-Cancer Effect Through Chemo-Photothermal Combination. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022; 18:957-975. [PMID: 35854456 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Limited chemotherapeutic efficiency, drug resistance and side effect are primary obstacles for cancer treatment. The development of co-delivery system with synergistic treatment modes should be a promising strategy. Here, we fabricated a multi-functionalized nanocarrier with a combination of chemotherapeutic agent and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which could integrate chemo-photothermal therapy and improve entire anti-cancer index. Particularly, Paclitaxel nanocrystals (PTX NC) were first fabricated as a platform, on surface of which AuNPs were decorated and polydopamine (PDA) layer act as capping, stabilizing and hydrophilic agents for PTX NC, providing a bridge connecting AuNPs to PTX. These AuNPs decorated PTX NC exhibited good physico-chemical properties like optimal sizes, stability and photothermal efficiency. Compared to other PTX formulations, they displayed considerably improved biocompatibility, selectivity, intracellular uptake, cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction activity and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) inhibitory capability, owing to a synergistic/ cooperative effect from AuNPs, PTX and NIR treatment, photothermal-triggered drug release and nano-scaled structure. Mitochondria-mediated signaling pathway is underlying mechanism for cytotoxic and apoptotic effect from AuNPs decorated PTX NC, in terms of Mitochondria damage, a loss of Mitochondrial membrane potential, intensified oxidative stress, DNA breakage, Caspase 3 activation, up-regulated expression in pro-apoptotic genes like p53, Caspase 3 and Bax and down-regulated level in anti-apoptotic gene like Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Zhan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Song
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Mingyang Gu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - He Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Yujia Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Bingnan Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Jihui Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
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10
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Khan MI, Hossain MI, Hossain MK, Rubel MHK, Hossain KM, Mahfuz AMUB, Anik MI. Recent Progress in Nanostructured Smart Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy: A Review. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:971-1012. [PMID: 35226465 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Traditional treatment approaches for cancer involve intravenous chemotherapy or other forms of drug delivery. These therapeutic measures suffer from several limitations such as nonspecific targeting, poor biodistribution, and buildup of drug resistances. However, significant technological advancements have been made in terms of superior modes of drug delivery over the last few decades. Technical capability in analyzing the molecular mechanisms of tumor biology, nanotechnology─particularly the development of biocompatible nanoparticles, surface modification techniques, microelectronics, and material sciences─has increased. As a result, a significant number of nanostructured carriers that can deliver drugs to specific cancerous sites with high efficiency have been developed. This particular maneuver that enables the introduction of a therapeutic nanostructured substance in the body by controlling the rate, time, and place is defined as the nanostructured drug delivery system (NDDS). Because of their versatility and ability to incorporate features such as specific targeting, water solubility, stability, biocompatibility, degradability, and ability to reverse drug resistance, they have attracted the interest of the scientific community, in general, and nanotechnologists as well as biomedical scientists. To keep pace with the rapid advancement of nanotechnology, specific technical aspects of the recent NDDSs and their prospects need to be reported coherently. To address these ongoing issues, this review article provides an overview of different NDDSs such as lipids, polymers, and inorganic nanoparticles. In addition, this review also reports the challenges of current NDDSs and points out the prospective research directions of these nanocarriers. From our focused review, we conclude that still now the most advanced and potent field of application for NDDSs is lipid-based, while other significantly potential fields include polymer-based and inorganic NDDSs. However, despite the promises, challenges remain in practical implementations of such NDDSs in terms of dosage and stability, and caution should be exercised regarding biocompatibility of materials. Considering these aspects objectively, this review on NDDSs will be particularly of interest for small-to-large scale industrial researchers and academicians with expertise in drug delivery, cancer research, and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ishak Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - M Imran Hossain
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71270, United States
| | - M Khalid Hossain
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.,Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
| | - M H K Rubel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - K M Hossain
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - A M U B Mahfuz
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka 1209, Bangladesh
| | - Muzahidul I Anik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, South Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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11
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Bai M, Yang M, Gong J, Xu H, Wei Z. Progress and Principle of Drug Nanocrystals for Tumor Targeted Delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 23:41. [PMID: 34964079 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02200-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs are referred to as drug nanocrystals when they exist as nanoscale crystal structures. This kind of nanocarrier has been widely utilized to increase the solubility and absorption for poorly aqueous soluble drugs after oral administration, or prolong the drug circulation when intravenous administration. The systemic cytotoxicity caused by antitumor drugs usually come from the nonspecific drug distribution. To solve the disadvantage of poor targetability, drug nanocrystals for tumor targeted delivery have been developed in recent years. In this review, the targeting mechanisms of various surface modified drug nanocrystals are introduced with the focus on passive targeting, active targeting and stimuli-responsive targeting in details. Function and application of common surface modified materials are also discussed.
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12
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Muhammad N, Zhao H, Song W, Gu M, Li Q, Liu Y, Li C, Wang J, Zhan H. Silver nanoparticles functionalized Paclitaxel nanocrystals enhance overall anti-cancer effect on human cancer cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:085105. [PMID: 33197899 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abcacb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For chemotherapeutic drugs, precise tumor-targeting and high anti-cancer efficiency is equally important in order to enhance chemotherapy and reverse drug resistance. The combination of multifunctional agents to achieve synergy should be a promising strategy. In our study, we have successfully developed novel multifunctionalized drug nanocrystals to realize co-delivery of the organic drug Paclitaxel (PTX), inorganic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and a tumor targeting agent. To be specific, PTX nanocrystals were first prepared as a template, then coated with polydopamine (PDA). The PDA layer was utilized as the connection bridge to produce and deposit AgNPs in situ, and provide sites for tumor-targeting peptide NR1 (RGDARF) grafting. As a result, these NR1/AgNP-decorated drug nanocrystals exhibited dramatically improved cellular uptake efficiency, in vitro anti-cancer activity and an anti-migratory effect against a variety of cancer cells, which was attributable to the synergistic, or at least additive, effect of the AgNPs and PTX, enhanced cellular uptake efficiency through NR1-receptor interaction, pH-responsive drug release and the nanoscaled nature. In particular, high anti-cancer activity and low side effects from these NR1/AgNP-decorated PTX nanocrystals were well balanced in terms of good selectivity and biocompatibility. Moreover, these novel drug nanocrystals displayed strong apoptotic-inducing potency, resulting in cell membrane lysis, nuclear damage, mitochondria dysfunction, excessive ROS release and double-stranded DNA breakage. The potential acting mechanism and molecular basis of these novel drug nanocrystals is relevant to the regulation of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis with a greater Bax-to-Bcl-2 ratio and the activation of pro-apoptotic P53 and caspase 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazim Muhammad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - He Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Song
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyang Gu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihui Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, Guangzhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglei Zhan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
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13
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Bhattacharjee S, Brayden DJ. Addressing the challenges to increase the efficiency of translating nanomedicine formulations to patients. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 16:235-254. [PMID: 33108229 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1826434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nanotechnology is in a growth phase for drug delivery and medical imaging. Nanomaterials with unique properties present opportunities for encapsulation of therapeutics and imaging agents, along with conjugation to ligands for targeting. Favorable chemistry of nanomaterials can create formulations that address critical challenges for therapeutics, such as insolubility and a low capacity to cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) and intestinal wall. AREAS COVERED The authors investigate challenges faced during translation of nanomedicines while suggesting reasons as to why some nanoformulations have under-performed in clinical trials. They assess physiological barriers such as the BBB and gut mucus that nanomedicines must overcome to deliver cargos. They also provide an overview with examples of how nanomedicines can be designed to improve localization and site-specific delivery (e.g., encapsulation, bioconjugation, and triggered-release). EXPERT OPINION There are examples where nanomedicines have demonstrated improved efficacy of payload in humans; however, most of the advantages conferred were in improved pharmacokinetics and reduced toxicity. Problematic data show susceptibility of nanoformulations against natural protective mechanisms present in the body, including distribution impediment by physiological barriers and activation of the reticuloendothelial system. Further initiatives should address current challenges while expanding the scope of nanomedicine into advanced biomedical imaging and antibiotic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Bhattacharjee
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David J Brayden
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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14
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Li J, Wang T, Kirtane AR, Shi Y, Jones A, Moussa Z, Lopes A, Collins J, Tamang SM, Hess K, Shakur R, Karandikar P, Lee JS, Huang HW, Hayward A, Traverso G. Gastrointestinal synthetic epithelial linings. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:eabc0441. [PMID: 32848090 PMCID: PMC8221077 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial tissues line the organs of the body, providing an initial protective barrier as well as a surface for nutrient and drug absorption. Here, we identified enzymatic components present in the gastrointestinal epithelium that can serve as selective means for tissue-directed polymerization. We focused on the small intestine, given its role in drug and nutrient absorption and identified catalase as an essential enzyme with the potential to catalyze polymerization and growth of synthetic biomaterial layers. We demonstrated that the polymerization of dopamine by catalase yields strong tissue adhesion. We characterized the mechanism and specificity of the polymerization in segments of the gastrointestinal tracts of pigs and humans ex vivo. Moreover, we demonstrated proof of concept for application of these gastrointestinal synthetic epithelial linings for drug delivery, enzymatic immobilization for digestive supplementation, and nutritional modulation through transient barrier formation in pigs. This catalase-based approach to in situ biomaterial generation may have broad indications for gastrointestinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Thomas Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ameya R Kirtane
- Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yunhua Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexis Jones
- Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zaina Moussa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aaron Lopes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joy Collins
- Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Siddartha M Tamang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Hess
- Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rameen Shakur
- Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Paramesh Karandikar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jung Seung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hen-Wei Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alison Hayward
- Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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15
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Kumar M, Jha A, Dr M, Mishra B. Targeted drug nanocrystals for pulmonary delivery: a potential strategy for lung cancer therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:1459-1472. [PMID: 32684002 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1798401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer and metastases are major concerns worldwide. Although systemic chemotherapy is the recommended treatment, it is associated with various disadvantages, including nonselective drug distribution and systemic toxicity. In contrast, the pulmonary route ensures the localized delivery of drugs to the lung. Still, the pulmonary route is prone to clearance, limited drug dissolution, and local toxicity to healthy lung cells. Drug nanocrystals provide a potential strategy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy and mitigate the limitations of pulmonary delivery. AREAS COVERED The development and potential application of nanocrystals in pulmonary delivery, their role in overcoming associated barriers, and strategies for site-specific and stimuli-responsive pulmonary delivery are outlined. This review also traces different in-vitro pulmonary models for assessments of the performance of drug nanocrystals and nanocrystals loaded carriers in pulmonary delivery. EXPERT OPINION Enhanced stability, high aerosolization performance, better particle size distribution, improved penetration, sustained release of the drug, and minimal excipients usage makes drug nanocrystal an ideal candidate for pulmonary delivery. Besides, drug nanocrystals may provide selective cellular internalization with minimum clearance and maximum deposition. Furthermore, surface modified nanocrystals and nanocrystals in nanocarriers can exhibit a more prolonged, and site-specific release of the drug to cancer cells in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) , Varanasi, India
| | - Abhishek Jha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) , Varanasi, India
| | - Madhu Dr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) , Varanasi, India
| | - Brahmeshwar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) , Varanasi, India
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16
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Wang J, Muhammad N, Li T, Wang H, Liu Y, Liu B, Zhan H. Hyaluronic Acid-Coated Camptothecin Nanocrystals for Targeted Drug Delivery to Enhance Anticancer Efficacy. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2411-2425. [PMID: 32437163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-targeted drug delivery via chemotherapy is very effective on cancer treatment. For potential anticancer agent such as Camptothecin (CPT), high chemotherapeutic efficacy and accurate tumor targeting are equally crucial. Inspired by special CD44 binding capability from hyaluronic acid (HA), in this study, novel HA-coated CPT nanocrystals were successfully prepared by an antisolvent precipitation method for tumor-targeted delivery of hydrophobic drug CPT. These HA-coated CPT nanocrystals demonstrated high drug loading efficiency, improved aqueous dispersion, prolonged circulation, and enhanced stability resulting from their nanoscaled sizes and hydrophilic HA layer. Moreover, as compared to crude CPT and naked CPT nanocrystals, HA-coated CPT nanocrystals displayed dramatically enhanced in vitro anticancer activity, apoptosis-inducing potency against CD44 overexpressed cancer cells, and lower toxic effect toward normal cells due to pH-responsive drug release behavior and specific HA-CD44 mediated endocytosis. Additionally, HA-coated CPT nanocrystals performed fairly better antimigration activity and biocompatibility. The possible molecular mechanism regarding this novel drug formulation might be linked to intrinsic mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by an increase of Bax to Bcl-2 ratio and upregulation of P53. Consequently, HA-coated CPT nanocrystals are expected to be an effective nanoplatform in drug delivery for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihui Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning Province, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, Guangzhou Province, P. R. China
| | - Nazim Muhammad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Tongtong Li
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Yujia Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Bingnan Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Honglei Zhan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
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17
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Enzyme cum pH dual-responsive controlled release of avermectin from functional polydopamine microcapsules. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 186:110699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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18
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Pardhi VP, Verma T, Flora SJS, Chandasana H, Shukla R. Nanocrystals: An Overview of Fabrication, Characterization and Therapeutic Applications in Drug Delivery. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5129-5146. [PMID: 30767737 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190215121148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 40 % drugs in the market are having poor aqueous solubility related problems and 70 % molecules in discovery pipeline are being practically insoluble in water. Nanocrystals is a prominent tool to solve the issue related to poor aqueous solubility and helps in improving the bioavailability of many drugs as reported in the literature. Nanocrystals can be prepared by top down methods, bottom up methods and combination methods. Many patented products such as Nanocrystals®, DissoCubes®, NANOEDGE® and SmartCrystals ®, etc., are available, which are based on these three preparation methodologies. The particle size reduction resulted into unstable nanocrystalline system and the phenomenon of Ostawald ripening occurs. This instability issue could be resolved by using an appropriate stabilizers or combination of stabilizers. The nanosuspensions could be transformed to the solid state to prevent particle aggregation in liquid state by employing various unit operations such as lyophilisation, spray drying, granulation and pelletisation. These techniques are well known for their scalability and continuous nanocrystal formation advantages. Nanocrystals can be characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, powdered x- ray diffraction and photon correlation spectroscopy. The downscaling of nanocrystals will enable rapid optimization of nanosuspension formulation in parallel screening design of preclinical developmental stage drug moieties. One of the most acceptable advantages of nanocrystals is their wide range of applicability such as oral delivery, ophthalmic delivery, pulmonary delivery, transdermal delivery, intravenous delivery and targeting (brain and tumor targeting). The enhancement in market value of nanocrystals as well as the amount of nanocrystal products in the market is gaining attention to be used as an approach in order to get commercial benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwas P Pardhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, 229010, India
| | - Tejesh Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, 229010, India
| | - S J S Flora
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, 229010, India
| | - Hardik Chandasana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611, United States
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, 229010, India
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19
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Ambekar RS, Kandasubramanian B. A polydopamine-based platform for anti-cancer drug delivery. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:1776-1793. [PMID: 30838354 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01642a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world with around 9.6 million deaths in 2018, approximately 70% of which occurred in the middle- and low-income countries; moreover, the economic impact of cancer is significant and escalating day by day. The total annual economic cost of cancer treatment in 2010 was estimated at approximately US$ 1.16 trillion. Researchers have explored cancer mitigation therapies such as chemo-thermal therapy, chemo-photothermal therapy and photodynamic-photothermal therapy. These combinational therapies facilitate better control on the tunability of the carrier for effectively diminishing cancer cells than individual therapies such as chemotherapy, photothermal therapy and targeted therapy. All these therapies come under novel drug delivery systems in which anti-cancer drugs attack the cancerous cells due to various stimuli (e.g. pH, thermal, UV, IR, acoustic and magnetic)-responsive properties of the anti-cancer drug carriers. Compared to conventional drug delivery systems, the novel drug delivery systems have several advantages such as targeted drug release, sustained and consistent blood levels within the therapeutic window, and decreased dosing frequency. Among the numerous polymeric carriers developed for drug delivery, polydopamine has been found to be more suitable as a carrier for these drug delivery functions due to its easy and cost-effective fabrication, excellent biocompatibility, multi-drug carrier capacity and stimuli sensitivity. Therefore, in this review, we have explored polydopamine-based carriers for anti-cancer drug delivery systems to mitigate cancer and simultaneously discussed basic synthesis routes for polydopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushikesh S Ambekar
- Rapid Prototype & Electrospinning Lab, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, DIAT (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune-411025, India.
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20
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Xiao Y, Chen L, Chen X, Xiao B. Current strategies to enhance the targeting of polydopamine-based platforms for cancer therapeutics. J Drug Target 2019; 28:142-153. [PMID: 31305176 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1644650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xiao
- Haikou People’s Hospital, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Haikou People’s Hospital, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Haikou People’s Hospital, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Bin Xiao
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Ordos School of Clinical Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Ordos, Inner Mongolia Autonomous region, China
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21
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Ci LQ, Huang ZG, Lv FM, Wang J, Feng LL, Sun F, Cao SJ, Liu ZP, Liu Y, Wei G, Lu WY. Enhanced Delivery of Imatinib into Vaginal Mucosa via a New Positively Charged Nanocrystal-Loaded in Situ Hydrogel Formulation for Treatment of Cervical Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E15. [PMID: 30621141 PMCID: PMC6359353 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the potential of cationic functionalization on imatinib nanocrystals to improve the mucoadhesiveness and, thus, delivery to the lesion of cervicovaginal tumors. Amino-group-functionalized imatinib nanocrystals (NC@PDA-NH₂) were prepared with near-spheroid shape, nanoscale size distribution, positive zeta potential, and relatively high drug content with the aid of the polydopamine-coating technique. Efficient interaction between NC@PDA-NH₂ and mucin was proven by mucin adsorption which was related to the positive zeta-potential value of NC@PDA-NH₂ and the change in the size distribution on mixing of NC@PDA-NH₂ and mucin. Cellular uptake, growth inhibition, and apoptosis induction in cervicovaginal cancer-related cells demonstrated the superiority of NC@PDA-NH₂ over unmodified nanocrystals. For practical intravaginal administration, NC@PDA-NH₂ was dispersed in Pluronic F127-based thermosensitive in situ hydrogel, which showed suitable gelation temperature and sustained-release profiles. In comparison with unmodified nanocrystals, NC@PDA-NH₂ exhibited extended residence on ex vivo murine vaginal mucosa, prolonged in vivo intravaginal residence, and enhanced inhibition on the growth of murine orthotopic cervicovaginal model tumors indicated by smaller tumor size, longer median survival time, and more intratumor apoptosis with negligible mucosal toxicity. In conclusion, cationic functionalization endowed NC@PDA-NH₂ significant mucoadhesiveness and, thus, good potential against cervicovaginal cancer via intravaginal administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qian Ci
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China.
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Feng-Mei Lv
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Ling-Lin Feng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Room 904, No 1 Research Building, 2140 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Feng Sun
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Shui-Juan Cao
- Experimental Teaching Center, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Zhe-Peng Liu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Gang Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wei-Yue Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China.
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22
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State of the Art of Pharmaceutical Solid Forms: from Crystal Property Issues to Nanocrystals Formulation. ChemMedChem 2018; 14:8-23. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Zhang R, Wang S, Yang Y, Deng Y, Li D, Su P, Yang Y. Modification of polydopamine-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles with multi-walled carbon nanotubes for magnetic-μ-dispersive solid-phase extraction of antiepileptic drugs in biological matrices. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:3779-3788. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Li H, Jia Y, Peng H, Li J. Recent developments in dopamine-based materials for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 252:1-20. [PMID: 29395035 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine-based materials are emerging as novel biomaterials and have attracted considerable interests in the fields of biosensing, bioimaging and cancer therapy due to their unique physicochemical properties, such as versatile adhesion property, high chemical reactivity, excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, strong photothermal conversion capacity, etc. In this review, we present an overview of recent research progress on dopamine-based materials for diagnosis and therapy of cancer. The review starts with a summary of the physicochemical properties of dopamine-based materials in general. Then detailed description is followed on their applications in the fields of diagnosis and treatment of cancers. The review concludes with an outline of some remaining challenges for dopamine-based materials to be used for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Yi Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haonan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Junbai Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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25
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Chen TP, Liu T, Su TL, Liang J. Self-Polymerization of Dopamine in Acidic Environments without Oxygen. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:5863-5871. [PMID: 28505456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
An alkaline environment and the presence of oxygen are essential requirements for dopamine polymerization. In this study, we are the first to demonstrate the self-polymerization of dopamine through plasma-activated water (PAW) under acidic environments (pH < 5.5). Resulting poly(dopamine) (PDA) was characterized using Nanosizer, SEM, FTIR, UV-vis, 1H NMR, and fluorescence spectrophotometers and proved to have similar physical and chemical properties to those polymerized under a basic condition, except that the PDA particles formed in PAW were more stable and hardly aggregated at varied pHs. The PAW polymerization method avoids alkaline solutions and the presence of oxygen and thus extends the applications of dopamine polymerization, particularly in biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Po Chen
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Charles V. Schaefer School of Egnieering and Science, and ‡Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, Charles V. Schaefer School of Egnieering and Science, Stevens Institute of Technology , Hoboken, New Jersey 07307, United States
| | - Tianchi Liu
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Charles V. Schaefer School of Egnieering and Science, and ‡Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, Charles V. Schaefer School of Egnieering and Science, Stevens Institute of Technology , Hoboken, New Jersey 07307, United States
| | - Tsan-Liang Su
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Charles V. Schaefer School of Egnieering and Science, and ‡Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, Charles V. Schaefer School of Egnieering and Science, Stevens Institute of Technology , Hoboken, New Jersey 07307, United States
| | - Junfeng Liang
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Charles V. Schaefer School of Egnieering and Science, and ‡Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, Charles V. Schaefer School of Egnieering and Science, Stevens Institute of Technology , Hoboken, New Jersey 07307, United States
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26
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Zhan H, Zhou X, Cao Y, Jagtiani T, Chang TL, Liang JF. Anti-cancer activity of camptothecin nanocrystals decorated by silver nanoparticles. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:2692-2701. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00134g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
CPT/Ag nanocrystals display extreme and broad-spectrum anti-cancer activity and high selectivity through a cooperation effect between CPT and AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Zhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Biological Sciences
- Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences
- Stevens Institute of Technology
- Hoboken
- USA
| | - Xiaqing Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Biological Sciences
- Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences
- Stevens Institute of Technology
- Hoboken
- USA
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Biological Sciences
- Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences
- Stevens Institute of Technology
- Hoboken
- USA
| | - Tina Jagtiani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Biological Sciences
- Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences
- Stevens Institute of Technology
- Hoboken
- USA
| | - Tzu-Lan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Biological Sciences
- Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences
- Stevens Institute of Technology
- Hoboken
- USA
| | - Jun F. Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Biological Sciences
- Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences
- Stevens Institute of Technology
- Hoboken
- USA
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