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Santos JS, Galvão JG, Mendonça MRC, Costa AMB, Silva ARST, Oliveira DS, Santos ADJ, Lira AAM, Scher R, Sales Júnior PA, Pereira VRA, Formiga FR, Nunes RS. Encapsulation of Citrus sinensis essential oil and R-limonene in lipid nanocarriers: A potential strategy for the treatment of leishmaniasis. Int J Pharm 2024; 662:124464. [PMID: 39033939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Leishmaniases, a group of neglected tropical diseases caused by an intracellular parasite of the genus Leishmania, have significant impacts on global health. Current treatment options are limited due to drug resistance, toxicity, and high cost. This study aimed to develop nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for delivering Citrus sinensis essential oil (CSEO) and its main constituent, R-limonene, against leishmaniasis. The influence of surface-modified NLCs using chitosan was also examined. The NLCs were prepared using a warm microemulsion method, and surface modification with chitosan was achieved through electrostatic interaction. These nanocarriers were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). In vitro cytotoxicity was assessed in L929 and RAW 264.7 cells, and leishmanicidal activity was evaluated against promastigote and amastigote forms. The NLCs were spherical, with particle sizes ranging from 97.9 nm to 111.3 nm. Chitosan-coated NLCs had a positive surface charge, with zeta potential values ranging from 45.8 mV to 59.0 mV. Exposure of L929 cells to NLCs resulted in over 70 % cell viability. Conversely, surface modification significantly reduced the viability of promastigotes (93 %) compared to free compounds. Moreover, chitosan-coated NLCs presented a better IC50 against the amastigote forms than uncoated NLCs. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the feasibility of using NLCs to overcome the limitations of current leishmaniasis treatments, warranting further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeferson S Santos
- Departament of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil.
| | - Juliana G Galvão
- Departament of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Marcos R C Mendonça
- Departament of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Amanda M B Costa
- Departament of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Audrey R S T Silva
- Departament of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Daniela S Oliveira
- Departament of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Adriana de J Santos
- Process Engineering Program, University of Tiradentes (UNIT), Aracaju, SE 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Ana Amélia M Lira
- Departament of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Scher
- Departament of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóovão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fábio Rocha Formiga
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil; Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Pernambuco (UPE), 52171-011 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Rogéria S Nunes
- Departament of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
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Wang Z, Pang S, Liu X, Dong Z, Tian Y, Ashrafizadeh M, Rabiee N, Ertas YN, Mao Y. Chitosan- and hyaluronic acid-based nanoarchitectures in phototherapy: Combination cancer chemotherapy, immunotherapy and gene therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132579. [PMID: 38795895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Cancer phototherapy has been introduced as a new potential modality for tumor suppression. However, the efficacy of phototherapy has been limited due to a lack of targeted delivery of photosensitizers. Therefore, the application of biocompatible and multifunctional nanoparticles in phototherapy is appreciated. Chitosan (CS) as a cationic polymer and hyaluronic acid (HA) as a CD44-targeting agent are two widely utilized polymers in nanoparticle synthesis and functionalization. The current review focuses on the application of HA and CS nanostructures in cancer phototherapy. These nanocarriers can be used in phototherapy to induce hyperthermia and singlet oxygen generation for tumor ablation. CS and HA can be used for the synthesis of nanostructures, or they can functionalize other kinds of nanostructures used for phototherapy, such as gold nanorods. The HA and CS nanostructures can combine chemotherapy or immunotherapy with phototherapy to augment tumor suppression. Moreover, the CS nanostructures can be functionalized with HA for specific cancer phototherapy. The CS and HA nanostructures promote the cellular uptake of genes and photosensitizers to facilitate gene therapy and phototherapy. Such nanostructures specifically stimulate phototherapy at the tumor site, with particle toxic impacts on normal cells. Moreover, CS and HA nanostructures demonstrate high biocompatibility for further clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shuo Pang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Jinan Third People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250101, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Dermatology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zi Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lincang People's Hospital, Lincang, China
| | - Yu Tian
- School of Public Health, Benedictine University, Lisle, United States
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; International Association for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077 India
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Türkiye; ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Türkiye; UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Türkiye.
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Oncology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining City, Sichuan, China.
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Dragicevic N, Predic-Atkinson J, Nikolic B, Pajovic SB, Ivkovic S, Adzic M. Nanocarriers in topical photodynamic therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:279-307. [PMID: 38349540 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2318460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has gained significant attention due to its superiority over conventional treatments. In the context of skin cancers and nonmalignant skin diseases, topical application of photosensitizer formulations onto affected skin, followed by illumination, offers distinct advantages. Topical PDT simplifies therapy by providing easy access to the skin, increasing drug concentration within the target area, and confining residual photosensitivity to the treated skin. However, the effectiveness of topical PDT is often hindered by challenges such as limited skin penetration or photosensitizer instability. Additionally, the hypoxic tumor environment poses further limitations. Nanocarriers present a promising solution to address these challenges. AREAS COVERED The objective of this review is to comprehensively explore and highlight the role of various nanocarriers in advancing topical PDT for the treatment of skin diseases. The primary focus is to address the challenges associated with conventional topical PDT approaches and demonstrate how nanotechnology-based strategies can overcome these challenges, thereby improving the overall efficiency and efficacy of PDT. EXPERT OPINION Nanotechnology has revolutionized the field of PDT, offering innovative tools to combat the unfavorable features of photosensitizers and hurdles in PDT. Nanocarriers enhance skin penetration and stability of photosensitizers, provide controlled drug release, reduce needed dose, increase production of reactive oxygen species, while reducing side effects, thereby improving PDT effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Dragicevic
- Department of Pharmacy, Singidunum University, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Bojan Nikolic
- Faculty of Health and Business studies, Singidunum University, Valjevo, Serbia
| | - Snezana B Pajovic
- Institute of Nuclear sciences "Vinča", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Ivkovic
- Institute of Nuclear sciences "Vinča", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Adzic
- Institute of Nuclear sciences "Vinča", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Hassan DM, El-Kamel AH, Allam EA, Bakr BA, Ashour AA. Chitosan-coated nanostructured lipid carriers for effective brain delivery of Tanshinone IIA in Parkinson's disease: interplay between nuclear factor-kappa β and cathepsin B. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:400-417. [PMID: 37598133 PMCID: PMC10761445 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with increased oxidative stress, the underlying vital process contributing to cell death. Tanshinone IIA (TAN) is a phytomedicine with a documented activity in treating many CNS disorders, particularly PD owing to its unique anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect. However, its clinical utility is limited by its poor aqueous solubility, short half-life, and hence low concentration reaching targeted cells. This work aimed to develop a biocompatible chitosan-coated nanostructured lipid carriers (CS-NLCs) for effective brain delivery of TAN for PD management. The proposed nanosystem was successfully prepared using a simple melt-emulsification ultra-sonication method, optimized and characterized both in vitro and in vivo in a rotenone-induced PD rat model. The developed TAN-loaded CS-NLCs (CS-TAN-NLCs) showed good colloidal properties (size ≤ 200 nm, PDI ≤ 0.2, and ζ-potential + 20 mV) and high drug entrapment efficiency (> 97%) with sustained release profile for 24 h. Following intranasal administration, CS-TAN-NLCs succeeded to achieve a remarkable antiparkinsonian and antidepressant effect in diseased animals compared to both the uncoated TAN-NLCs and free TAN suspension as evidenced by the conducted behavioral tests and improved histopathological findings. Furthermore, biochemical evaluation of oxidative stress along with inflammatory markers, nuclear factor-kabba β (NF-Kβ) and cathepsin B further confirmed the potential of the CS-TAN-NLCs in enhancing brain delivery and hence the therapeutic effect of TAN of treatment of PD. Accordingly, CS-TAN-NLCs could be addressed as a promising nano-platform for the effective management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donia M Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 1 Khartoum Square, Azarita, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amal H El-Kamel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 1 Khartoum Square, Azarita, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Eman A Allam
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Basant A Bakr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 1 Khartoum Square, Azarita, Alexandria, Egypt
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Alvarado N, Abarca RL, Linares-Flores C. Use of Chitosan-Based Polyelectrolyte Complexes for Its Potential Application in Active Food Packaging: A Review of Recent Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11535. [PMID: 37511293 PMCID: PMC10381007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The current challenges in the food packaging field are, on one side, replacing plastic from non-renewable sources with biopolymers and, on the other hand, generating a packaging material with attractive properties for the consumer. Currently, the consumer is ecologically concerned; the food packaging industry must think ahead to satisfy their needs. In this context, the utilization of polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) in this industry presents itself as an excellent candidate for fulfilling these requirements. PECs possess enticing characteristics such as encapsulation, protection, and transportation, among others. On the other hand, diverse types of biopolymers have been used in the formation of PECs, such as alginate, cellulose, gelatin, collagen, and so on. Hence, this paper reviews the use of PECs in food packaging where chitosan forms polyelectrolyte complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Alvarado
- Grupo QBAB, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago 8910060, Chile
| | - Romina L Abarca
- Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Cristian Linares-Flores
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de Las Américas, Manuel Montt 948, Providencia, Santiago 7500975, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Campus Los Leones, Lota 2465, Providencia, Santiago 7510157, Chile
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Virmani T, Kumar G, Sharma A, Pathak K, Akhtar MS, Afzal O, Altamimi ASA. Amelioration of Cancer Employing Chitosan, Its Derivatives, and Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles: Recent Updates. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2928. [PMID: 37447573 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The limitations associated with the conventional treatment of cancer have necessitated the design and development of novel drug delivery systems based mainly on nanotechnology. These novel drug delivery systems include various kinds of nanoparticles, such as polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, hydrogels, and polymeric micelles. Among the various kinds of novel drug delivery systems, chitosan-based nanoparticles have attracted the attention of researchers to treat cancer. Chitosan is a polycationic polymer generated from chitin with various characteristics such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and mucoadhesiveness, making it an ideal polymer to fabricate drug delivery systems. However, chitosan is poorly soluble in water and soluble in acidic aqueous solutions. Furthermore, owing to the presence of reactive amino groups, chitosan can be chemically modified to improve its physiochemical properties. Chitosan and its modified derivatives can be employed to fabricate nanoparticles, which are used most frequently in the pharmaceutical sector due to their possession of various characteristics such as nanosize, appropriate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, non-immunogenicity, improved stability, and improved drug loading capacity. Furthermore, it is capable of delivering nucleic acids, chemotherapeutic medicines, and bioactives using modified chitosan. Chitosan and its modified derivative-based nanoparticles can be targeted to specific cancer sites via active and passive mechanisms. Based on chitosan drug delivery systems, many anticancer drugs now have better effectiveness, potency, cytotoxicity, or biocompatibility. The characteristics of chitosan and its chemically tailored derivatives, as well as their use in cancer therapy, will be examined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Virmani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, Haryana 121105, India
| | - Girish Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, Haryana 121105, India
| | - Ashwani Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, Haryana 121105, India
| | - Kamla Pathak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah 206001, India
| | - Md Sayeed Akhtar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, AlFara, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmalik S A Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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