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Huang Z, Song S, Zhang D, Bian Z, Han J. Protective effects of Tripterygium glycoside on IL-1β-induced inflammation and apoptosis of rat chondrocytes via microRNA-216a-5p/TLR4/NF-κB axis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2023; 45:61-72. [PMID: 36052873 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2115924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is designed to fill the research gap concerning the efficacy of Tripterygium glycoside (TG) on Interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced inflammation and injury in chondrocytes. METHODS Chondrocytes were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats. After the treatment with IL-1β and TG and transfection, the viability and apoptosis of chondrocytes were determined via Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry. The levels of inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-8 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Relative expression levels of potential microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) that may target toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), as well as apoptosis- and TLR4/nuclear factor-κB (TLR4/NF-κB) pathway-associated factors were quantified using quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR and western blot. The targeting relationship between miR-216a-5p and TLR4 was predicted by TargetScan and further confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS The viability was reduced yet the apoptosis and inflammation were promoted in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes, where upregulation of Bax, Cleaved caspase 3, TLR4, Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), phosphorylation of P65 and IκBα yet downregulation of Bcl-2 and IκBα were evidenced. Strikingly, the above changes were reversed by TG. TG also offset the effects of IL-1β on repressing the expression of miR-216a-5p, the miRNA targeting TLR4. Additionally, TLR4 overexpression neutralized the impacts of TG upon viability, apoptosis, and TLR4 expression in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes, while all these effects induced by TLR4 overexpression could be restored by miR-216a-5p. CONCLUSIONS TG protects chondrocytes against IL-1β-induced inflammation and apoptosis via miR-216a-5p/TLR4/NF-κB axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- Acupuncture and Massage Department, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shuanglin Song
- Acupuncture and Massage Department, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Di Zhang
- Acupuncture and Massage Department, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Bian
- Orthopedics Department, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jinsheng Han
- Massage Department, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
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2
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Lu Y, Qi H. Evaluate the Protective Effect of Antioxidants on Retinal Pigment Cell Hazard Induced by Blue Light: A Mini-Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2098317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Lu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Hang Qi
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
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Singh A, Yadagiri G, Negi M, Kushwaha AK, Singh OP, Sundar S, Mudavath SL. Carboxymethyl chitosan modified lipid nanoformulations as a highly efficacious and biocompatible oral anti-leishmanial drug carrier system. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 204:373-385. [PMID: 35149096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Herein, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) grafted lipid nanoformulations were facilely prepared by thin-film hydration method as a highly efficient biocompatible anti-leishmanial carrier encapsulating amphotericin B (AmB). Nanoformulations were characterized for their physicochemical characteristics wherein TEM analysis confirmed the spherical structure, whereas FTIR analysis revealed the conjugation of CMC onto nanoformulations and confirmed the free state of AmB. Furthermore, the wettability study confirmed the presence of CMC on the surface of nanoformulations attributed to the enhanced hydrophilicity. Surface hydrophilicity additionally contributes towards consistent mucin retention ability for up to 6 h, superior mucoadhesiveness, and hence enhanced bioavailability. The proposed nanoformulations with high encapsulation and drug loading properties displayed controlled drug release in the physiological microenvironment. In vitro, antileishmanial results showed an astounding 97% inhibition in amastigote growth. Additionally, in vivo studies showed that treatment with nanoformulations significantly reduced the liver parasitic burden (93.5%) without causing any toxicity when given orally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakriti Singh
- Infectious Disease Biology Laboratory, Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Ganesh Yadagiri
- Infectious Disease Biology Laboratory, Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Manorma Negi
- Infectious Disease Biology Laboratory, Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Anurag Kumar Kushwaha
- Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Om Prakash Singh
- Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Shyam Sundar
- Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Shyam Lal Mudavath
- Infectious Disease Biology Laboratory, Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
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Wang F, Qiao W, Guo W, Li Z, Cai X. Fabrication and functionalization of biocompatible carboxymethyl chitosan/gelatin membranes via anodic electrophoretic deposition. RSC Adv 2022; 12:5677-5685. [PMID: 35425547 PMCID: PMC8981570 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09231f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A biocompatible CMC/G membrane for titanium substrates has been fabricated in an eco-friendly manner and could be a promising carrier for negatively charged agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fushi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Qiao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiting Guo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjie Cai
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
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5
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Zivarpour P, Hallajzadeh J, Asemi Z, Sadoughi F, Sharifi M. Chitosan as possible inhibitory agents and delivery systems in leukemia. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:544. [PMID: 34663339 PMCID: PMC8524827 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02243-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is a lethal cancer in which white blood cells undergo proliferation and immature white blood cells are seen in the bloodstream. Without diagnosis and management in early stages, this type of cancer can be fatal. Changes in protooncogenic genes and microRNA genes are the most important factors involved in development of leukemia. At present, leukemia risk factors are not accurately identified, but some studies have pointed out factors that predispose to leukemia. Studies show that in the absence of genetic risk factors, leukemia can be prevented by reducing the exposure to risk factors of leukemia, including smoking, exposure to benzene compounds and high-dose radioactive or ionizing radiation. One of the most important treatments for leukemia is chemotherapy which has devastating side effects. Chemotherapy and medications used during treatment do not have a specific effect and destroy healthy cells besides leukemia cells. Despite the suppressing effect of chemotherapy against leukemia, patients undergoing chemotherapy have poor quality of life. So today, researchers are focusing on finding more safe and effective natural compounds and treatments for cancer, especially leukemia. Chitosan is a valuable natural compound that is biocompatible and non-toxic to healthy cells. Anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant effects are examples of chitosan biopolymer properties. The US Food and Drug Administration has approved the use of this compound in medical treatments and the pharmaceutical industry. In this article, we take a look at the latest advances in the use of chitosan in the treatment and improvement of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Zivarpour
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadoughi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mehran Sharifi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Seyyed Al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Chitosan Oligosaccharides Suppress Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Activation and Ameliorate Experimental Autoimmune Uveoretinitis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218326. [PMID: 33171990 PMCID: PMC7664198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the therapeutic potential and mechanism of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) for experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) in mice. EAU was induced in C57/BL6 mice by injection of human interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) peptides. At the same time, a high or low dose (20 or 10 mg/kg) of COS or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was given to mice daily after EAU induction. We found that mouse EAU is ameliorated by the high-dose COS treatment when compared with PBS treatment. In the retinas of high-dose COS-treated mice, the nuclear translocation of NF-κB subunit (p65) was suppressed, and the expression of several key EAU inflammatory mediators, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and MCP-1 was lowered. These results suggest that COS may be a potential treatment for posterior uveitis.
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Internal surgical use of biodegradable carbohydrate polymers. Warning for a conscious and proper use of oxidized regenerated cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 216:213-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Farhadihosseinabadi B, Zarebkohan A, Eftekhary M, Heiat M, Moosazadeh Moghaddam M, Gholipourmalekabadi M. Crosstalk between chitosan and cell signaling pathways. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2697-2718. [PMID: 31030227 PMCID: PMC11105701 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The field of tissue engineering (TE) experiences its most exciting time in the current decade. Recent progresses in TE have made it able to translate into clinical applications. To regenerate damaged tissues, TE uses biomaterial scaffolds to prepare a suitable backbone for tissue regeneration. It is well proven that the cell-biomaterial crosstalk impacts tremendously on cell biological activities such as differentiation, proliferation, migration, and others. Clarification of exact biological effects and mechanisms of a certain material on various cell types promises to have a profound impact on clinical applications of TE. Chitosan (CS) is one of the most commonly used biomaterials with many promising characteristics such as biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, biodegradability, and others. In this review, we discuss crosstalk between CS and various cell types to provide a roadmap for more effective applications of this polymer for future uses in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Farhadihosseinabadi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Zarebkohan
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohamad Eftekhary
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Heiat
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Lin CW, Huang HH, Yang CM, Yang CH. Protective effect of chitosan oligosaccharides on blue light light-emitting diode induced retinal pigment epithelial cell damage. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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10
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Kong Y, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Wang G, Liu Q. Carboxymethyl-chitosan attenuates inducible nitric oxide synthase and promotes interleukin-10 production in rat chondrocytes. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5641-5646. [PMID: 29285104 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common age-related degenerative joint disease, which is caused by the breakdown of joint cartilage and the underlying bone. Carboxymethyl (CM)-chitosan is a soluble derivative of chitosan that has similar physicochemical properties to the extracellular proteoglycans identified in hyaline cartilage. Previous studies have demonstrated that CM-chitosan serves a protective role in a rabbit OA model. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of CM-chitosan on NO production and inflammation through its upregulation of interleukin (IL)-10, and the activation of the janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)/suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) signaling pathway. In the present study primary rat chondrocytes were induced to inflammation with 2 µg/ml lipopolysaccharide. The cells were subsequently subjected to increasing concentrations of CM-chitosan (50, 100 and 200 µg/ml) and the relative mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-10, JAK1, STAT3 and SOCS3 were measured by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis respectively. The results revealed that CM-chitosan attenuated inflammation by significantly reducing iNOS expression and upregulating the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). The expression of JAK1, STAT3 and SOCS3 were also significantly upregulated by CM-chitosan (all P<0.05). The protective role of CM-chitosan against NO production was due to its upregulation of IL-10 and its activation of the JAK/STAT/SOCS signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kong
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Yuanmin Zhang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Qingkuan Liu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
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Zhou Y, Liu S, Ming J, Li Y, Deng M, He B. Sustained release effects of berberine-loaded chitosan microspheres on in vitro chondrocyte culture. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 43:1703-1714. [PMID: 28585864 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1339076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiqing Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianghua Ming
- Department of Orthopedics, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin He
- Department of Orthopedics, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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12
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Zhang C, Liao Q, Ming JH, Hu GL, Chen Q, Liu SQ, Li YM. The effects of chitosan oligosaccharides on OPG and RANKL expression in a rat osteoarthritis model. Acta Cir Bras 2017; 32:418-428. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020170060000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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13
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Controlled Release of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist from Hyaluronic Acid-Chitosan Microspheres Attenuates Interleukin-1 β-Induced Inflammation and Apoptosis in Chondrocytes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:6290957. [PMID: 27872853 PMCID: PMC5107216 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6290957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the protective effect of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) released from hyaluronic acid chitosan (HA-CS) microspheres in a controlled manner on IL-1β-induced inflammation and apoptosis in chondrocytes. The IL-1Ra release kinetics was characterized by an initial burst release, which was reduced to a linear release over eight days. Chondrocytes were stimulated with 10 ng/ml IL-1β and subsequently incubated with HA-CS-IL-1Ra microspheres. The cell viability was decreased by IL-1β, which was attenuated by HA-CS-IL-1Ra microspheres as indicated by an MTT assay. ELISA showed that HA-CS-IL-1Ra microspheres inhibited IL-1β-induced inflammation by attenuating increases in NO2− and prostaglandin E2 levels as well as increase in glycosaminoglycan release. A terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling assay revealed that the IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis was decreased by HA-CS-IL-1Ra microspheres. Moreover, HA-CS-IL-1Ra microspheres blocked IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis by increasing B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and decreasing Bcl-2-associated X protein and caspase-3 expressions at mRNA and protein levels, as indicated by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. The results of the present study indicated that HA-CS-IL-1Ra microspheres as a controlled release system of IL-1Ra possess potential anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties in rat chondrocytes due to their ability to regulate inflammatory factors and apoptosis associated genes.
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Tan Y, Leonhard M, Moser D, Ma S, Schneider-Stickler B. Long-term antibiofilm activity of carboxymethyl chitosan on mixed biofilm on silicone. Laryngoscope 2016; 126:E404-E408. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.26096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Tan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Matthias Leonhard
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Doris Moser
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Su Ma
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory; Department of Food Sciences and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Vienna Austria
| | - Berit Schneider-Stickler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
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15
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Hortensius RA, Harley BA. Naturally derived biomaterials for addressing inflammation in tissue regeneration. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1015-24. [PMID: 27190254 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216648022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration strategies have traditionally relied on designing biomaterials that closely mimic features of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) as a means to potentially promote site-specific cellular behaviors. However, inflammation, while a necessary component of wound healing, can alter processes associated with successful tissue regeneration following an initial injury. These processes can be further magnified by the implantation of a biomaterial within the wound site. In addition to designing biomaterials to satisfy biocompatibility concerns as well as to replicate elements of the composition, structure, and mechanics of native tissue, we propose that ECM analogs should also include features that modulate the inflammatory response. Indeed, strategies that enhance, reduce, or even change the temporal phenotype of inflammatory processes have unique potential as future pro-regenerative analogs. Here, we review derivatives of three natural materials with intrinsic anti-inflammatory properties and discuss their potential to address the challenges of inflammation in tissue engineering and chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brendan Ac Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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HE BIN, TAO HAIYING, LIU SHIQING, WEI AILIN, PAN FENG, CHEN REN, LI XIAOHAI. Carboxymethylated chitosan protects rat chondrocytes from NO-induced apoptosis via inhibition of the p38/MAPK signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2151-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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17
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Arunkumar P, Indulekha S, Vijayalakshmi S, Srivastava R. Poly (caprolactone) microparticles and chitosan thermogels based injectable formulation of etoricoxib for the potential treatment of osteoarthritis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 61:534-44. [PMID: 26838881 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate Poly (caprolactone) microparticles (MPs) loaded composite injectable Chitosan gel (CICGs) as a dual purpose (visco-supplement and intra articular drug delivery depot) therapeutic agent for the treatment of Osteoarthritis. Etoricoxib (COX-2 inhibitor), a highly hydrophobic drug was chosen as a model drug for the study. When administered orally, Etoricoxib poses severe cardiovascular toxicity issues. So, we have attempted to deliver this drug intra-articularly, which could retain the drug longer in the joint region and thus could ameliorate these toxicity issues. CICGs were prepared by dispersing MPs in the chitosan-Ammonium hydrogen phosphate solution and incubated at 37 °C. Rheology studies proved that gels were stable and had visco-elastic properties comparable to that of existing visco-supplements. The in vitro drug release profiles of CICGs were found to be more controlled when compared to MPs and bare chitosan gel (BCGs). In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility studies proved that the gels were biocompatible. In vivo synovial drug clearance studies proved that CICGs had a better drug retention capacity than BCGs and MPs. In vivo fluorescence imaging results confirmed that CICGs could stay longer in the joint region when compared to BCGs and MPs. Thus this novel CICGs could be a potential dual purpose gel for the treatment of diseased joint regions especially for Osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Arunkumar
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India
| | - S Indulekha
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India
| | - S Vijayalakshmi
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India
| | - R Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India.
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Jia S, Lu Z, Gao Z, An J, Wu X, Li X, Dai X, Zheng Q, Sun Y. Chitosan oligosaccharides alleviate cognitive deficits in an amyloid-β1-42-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 83:416-25. [PMID: 26601759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM The objective of the present study was two-fold: (i) to evaluate the modulating effects of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) on cognitive deficits and (ii) to explore their underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS The Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests were used to determine the neuroprotective effects of COS on Aβ1-42-induced learning and memory impairments. Biochemical methods were then used to assess COS antioxidant activity in hippocampus, including effects on apoptosis (TUNEL assay) and changes in inflammatory mediators (immunohistochemistry). RESULTS Orally administered COS at 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg doses were effective at reducing the learning and memory deficits in Aβ1-42-induced rats. These same doses were also able to ameliorate neuronal apoptosis. The neuroprotective effects of COS were closely associated with its ability to inhibit oxidative stress. This was shown with decreasing levels of malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and increasing levels of glutathione peroxidase and super oxide dismutase activities. COS were also shown to suppress the inflammatory response and decrease measures of inflammation via a decrease in the release of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g. interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings suggest that COS have beneficial effects on the cognitive impairments seen in an Aβ1-42-induced model of Alzheimer's disease via inhibiting oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiliang Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Zheng Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Zhaolan Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Jun An
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xueling Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xueling Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Qiusheng Zheng
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Yaxuan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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Xu J, Yi Y, Li L, Zhang W, Wang J. Osteopontin induces vascular endothelial growth factor expression in articular cartilage through PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signaling. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:4708-4712. [PMID: 26099282 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of osteopontin (OPN) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are associated with the severity of cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis. However, the biological connection between OPN and VEGF in osteoarthritis remains to be elucidated. The present study was performed to investigate the effect of OPN on VEGF expression in articular cartilage. Rat articular chondrocytes were isolated and cultured in monolayer conditions, and they were treated with OPN for different time periods (0, 2, 8, 12 or 24 h) and dosages (0, 0.1, 0.25 or 0.5 µM). VEGF expression was assessed by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The activation of the phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/AKT and extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 pathway was analyzed by detecting the expression of pPI3K, pAKT and pERK1/2. To inhibit the PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 pathway, LY294002 and PD98059 were used, respectively or in combination. It was identified that OPN increased the expression of VEGF in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner. The PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 pathways were activated following OPN stimulation and the effect was concomitant with the upregulation of VEGF. Finally, the regulation of VEGF was inhibited by LY294002 and PD98059, and their combination exhibited a synergistic effect. In conclusion, these findings suggest that OPN may directly upregulate VEGF expression through the PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 pathway. Further studies are required to reveal the mechanism of action of OPN on cartilage angiogenesis and cartilage destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wuhan Central Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yu Yi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wuhan Central Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Central Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wuhan Central Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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In vivo anti-apoptosis activity of novel berberine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles effectively ameliorates osteoarthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:34-43. [PMID: 26002585 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Berberine chloride (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid that possesses promising protective efficacies against osteoarthritis (OA). Nevertheless, the therapeutic agent of this substance in OA is limited by its poor aqueous solubility, low bioavailability and short biological half-life. In this study, chitosan (CS)-based nanoparticles were prepared for the sustained release of BBR. Novel BBR-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CNs) were successfully synthesized by the ionic cross-linking method. BBR-loaded CNs were spherical and homogeneous in shape. Moreover, they exhibited good stability and had ideal releasing profile in vitro. After intra-articular injection of BBR-loaded CNs, the level of BBR in rat plasma decreased and the retention time in synovial fluid increased compared with free BBR solution. In vivo evaluation of BBR-loaded CNs further showed higher anti-apoptosis activity in the treatment of OA compared with BBR solution at equivalent concentration. This result was evidenced by the changes of gross morphology and histological analyses in rat articular cartilage, TUNEL assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemical analyses of caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax expressions. Given these results, BBR-loaded CNs are potential therapeutic agents for OA.
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Kaderli S, Boulocher C, Pillet E, Watrelot-Virieux D, Rougemont A, Roger T, Viguier E, Gurny R, Scapozza L, Jordan O. A novel biocompatible hyaluronic acid–chitosan hybrid hydrogel for osteoarthrosis therapy. Int J Pharm 2015; 483:158-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Fang IM, Yang CM, Yang CH. Chitosan oligosaccharides prevented retinal ischemia and reperfusion injury via reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in rats. Exp Eye Res 2014; 130:38-50. [PMID: 25479043 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of chitosan oligonucleotides (COS) on retinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. Rats pretreated with PBS, low-dose COS (5 mg/kg), or high-dose COS (10 mg/kg) were subjected to retinal ischemia by increasing their intraocular pressure to 130 mm Hg for 60 min. The protective effect of COS was evaluated by determining the electroretinograms (ERGs), morphology of the retina, and survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The oxidative damage was determined by imuunohistochemistry and ELISA, respectively. The expressions of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, iNOS, ICAM-1) and apoptotic-related proteins (p53, Bax, Bcl-2) were quantified by PCR and Western blots. The detection of NF-κB p65 in the retina was performed by immunofluorescence. The protein levels of IκB and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases [MAPK; viz. extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and p38] and the NF-κB/DNA binding ability were assessed by Western blot analysis and EMSA. We found that pretreatment with COS, especially a high dosage, effectively ameliorated the I/R-induced reduction of the b-wave ratio in ERGs and the retinal thickness and the survival of RGCs at 24 h. COS decreased the expression of inflammatory mediators, p53 and Bax, increasing Bcl-2 expression and thereby reducing retinal oxidative damage and the number of apoptotic cells. More importantly, COS attenuated IκB degradation and p65 presence in the retina, thus decreasing NF-κB/DNA binding activity after I/R. In addition, COS decreased the phosphorylation levels of JNK and ERK but increased the phosphorylation level of p38. Pretreatment with p38 inhibitor (SB203580) abolished the protective effect of COS on retinal oxidative damage, as indicated by increased retinal 8-OHdG stains, and significantly increased the expression of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, MCP-1, iNOS, ICAM-1) in I/R-injured rats. In conclusion, COS prevented retinal I/R injury through its inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation. These effects were achieved by blocking the activation of NF-κB, JNK, and ERK but promoting the activation of p38 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Mo Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei City Hospital Zhongxiao Branch, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-May Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hao Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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He B, Tao H, Liu S, Wei A. Protective effect of carboxymethylated chitosan on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in nucleus pulposus cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1629-38. [PMID: 25394560 PMCID: PMC4270326 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the etiology of intervertebral disc degeneration is poorly understood, one approach to prevent this process may be to inhibit apoptosis. In the current study, the anti-apoptotic effects of carboxymethylated chitosan (CMCS) in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were investigated with the aim to enhance disc cell survival. Rat NP cells were isolated and cultured in vitro, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to build the NP cell apoptosis model. Cell viability was assessed with a cell counting kit-8 assay. The ratio of apoptotic cells was surveyed by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and propidium iodide (PI) double staining analysis, and the morphology was observed by Hoechst 33342 staining. The mitochondrial membrane potential of NP cells was evaluated by rhodamine 123 fluorescence staining. Reverse transcription (RT)-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to measure mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2, type II collagen and aggrecan. Western blot analysis was performed to detect protein levels of iNOS and Bcl-2. The annexin V-FITC/PI and Hoechst 33342 staining results indicated that CMCS was able to prevent NP cells from apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Rhodamine 123 staining clarified that CMCS reduced the impairment of the mitochondrial membrane potential in H2O2-treated NP cells. Reduced caspase-3 and increased Bcl-2 activity were detected in CMCS-treated NP cells by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. CMCS also promoted the proliferation and secretion of type II collagen and aggrecan in H2O2-treated NP cells. CMCS was indicated to be effective in preventing apoptotic cell death in vitro, demonstrating the potential advantages of this therapeutic approach in regulating disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Shiqing Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Ailin Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Chitosan oligosaccharides attenuate ocular inflammation in rats with experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:827847. [PMID: 25147441 PMCID: PMC4131455 DOI: 10.1155/2014/827847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) on experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis (EAAU) in rats. EAAU was induced in Lewis rats by footpad and intraperitoneal injections of melanin-associated antigen. The rats received intraperitoneal injections of low-dose (5 mg/kg) or high-dose (10 mg/kg) COS or PBS daily after the immunization. The effects of COS were evaluated by determining the clinical scores and the morphology of the iris/ciliary body (ICB). The expression of inflammatory mediators was evaluated using western blot, immunofluorescence, and ELISA. Treatment with COS significantly attenuated the clinical scores and the leukocyte infiltration in the ICB in a dose-dependent manner. COS effectively reduced the expression of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, iNOS, MCP-1, RANTES, fractalkine, and ICAM-1). Moreover, COS decreased the IκB degradation and p65 presence in the ICB, which resulted in the inhibition of NF-κB/DNA binding activity. In an in vitro study, sensitized spleen-derived lymphocytes of the COS-treated group showed less chemotaxis toward their aqueous humor and decreased secretion of the above inflammatory mediators in the culture media. COS treated EAAU by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and reducing the expression of inflammatory mediators. COS might be a potential treatment for acute anterior uveitis.
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He B, Tao HY, Liu SQ. Neuroprotective effects of carboxymethylated chitosan on hydrogen peroxide induced apoptosis in Schwann cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 740:127-34. [PMID: 25034812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The protective and promotion effects of Carboxymethylated chitosan (CMCS) on peripheral nerve and cultured Schwann cells (SCs) have been demonstrated, but few studies discussed the protective roles of CMCS on SCs apoptosis. We explored the anti-apoptotic activities of CMCS in SCs to enhance cells survival in this present study. Rat SCs were isolated and cultured in vitro, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to establish the apoptosis models of SCs. Cells proliferative activity was assessed by CCK-8 assay. The apoptosis of SCs was detected by flow cytometry (FCM) analysis. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) activities were detected by the corresponding assay kit. The nuclear appearance of apoptotic SCs was observed by nuclear staining with Hoechst 33342. The real-time PCR was performed to detect the levels of Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3 and -9 mRNA. Detection of caspase-3 and -9 was fulfilled by using Western blot analysis. FCM assay and Hoechst33342 staining results indicated that CMCS could protect SCs from apoptosis with dose and time-dependent manner. SOD and MDA analysis results indicated that CMCS could promote SOD activity and reduce the MDA levels in H2O2 induced SCs. The decreased caspase-3, -9 and Bax activities and increased Bcl-2 activity were observed in CMCS treated SCs. The present study indicates CMCS has the neuroprotective effect on peripheral nerves and inhibit SCs apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin He
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hai-Ying Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi-Qing Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Han GY, Mei XF, Ling PX, Guo YW, Zhu XQ, Shao HR, Liu F, Zhang TM. Xanthan gum inhibits cartilage degradation by down-regulating matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3 expressions in experimental osteoarthritis. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911514521916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that intra-articular injection of xanthan gum protected the joint cartilage and reduced osteoarthritis progression. In this study, the effects of xanthan gum on chondrocytes apoptosis were evaluated using the labeling assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay, to determine the protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1, 3, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 using immunohistochemistry and Western blot assay in cartilage of papain-induced rabbit osteoarthritis model. Compared to the negative control group, intra-articular injection of xanthan gum, once every 2 weeks for 5 weeks significantly inhibited chondrocytes apoptosis and matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3 protein expression levels and also enhanced the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 production in cartilage. No significant differences between the xanthan gum-treated group and the sodium hyaluronate-treated group (intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate only once a week for 5 weeks) were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Ying Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Post-doctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Institute of Biopharmaceuticals of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Fan Mei
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Pei-Xue Ling
- Post-doctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Institute of Biopharmaceuticals of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Qiang Zhu
- Post-doctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Institute of Biopharmaceuticals of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Hua-Rong Shao
- Post-doctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Institute of Biopharmaceuticals of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Post-doctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Institute of Biopharmaceuticals of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Tian-Min Zhang
- Post-doctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Institute of Biopharmaceuticals of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
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Fang IM, Yang CH, Yang CM, Chen MS. Chitosan oligosaccharides attenuates oxidative-stress related retinal degeneration in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77323. [PMID: 24155943 PMCID: PMC3796472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) for oxidative stress-induced retinal diseases. Retinal oxidative damage was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by intravitreal injection of paraquat (PQ). Low-dose (5 mg/kg) or high-dose (10 mg/kg) COS or PBS was intragastrically given for 14 days after PQ injection. Electroretinograms were performed to determine the functionality of the retinas. The surviving neurons in the retinal ganglion cell layer and retinal apoptosis were determined by counting Neu N-positive cells in whole-mounted retinas and TUNEL staining, respectively. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by lucigenin- and luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence. Retinal oxidative damages were assessed by staining with nitrotyrosine, acrolein, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Immunohistochemical studies were used to demonstrate the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 in retinas. An in vitro study using RGC-5 cells was performed to verify the results. We demonstrated COS significantly enhanced the recovery of retinal function, preserved inner retinal thickness, and decreased retinal neurons loss in a dose-dependent manner. COS administration demonstrated anti-oxidative effects by reducing luminol- and lucigenin-dependent chemiluminenscense levels and activating superoxide dismutase and catalase, leading to decreased retinal apoptosis. COS markedly reduced retinal NF-κB p65. An in vitro study demonstrated COS increased IκB expression, attenuated the increase of p65 and thus decreased NF-κB/DNA binding activity in PQ-stimulated RGC-5 cells. In conclusion, COS attenuates oxidative stress-induced retinal damages, probably by decreasing free radicals, maintaining the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes, and inhibiting the activation of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Mo Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei City Hospital Zhongxiao Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hao Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Chung-May Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Muh-Shy Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yin J, Wu N, Zeng F, Cheng C, Kang K, Yang H. Paeonol induces apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells. Acta Histochem 2013; 115:835-9. [PMID: 23768958 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Paeonol is a broad-spectrum antitumor agent, which is widely used in the treatment of various tumors in Asia. However, the effect of paeonol on ovarian cancer remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of paeonol on ovarian cancer cells and its possible mechanism. Results measured by MTT (methyl thiazoyltetrazolium) assay showed that cell viability was markedly reduced in a dosage-dependent manner, when treated with paeonol for 24 h. Flow cytometry and Hoechst staining results indicated that the rate of apoptosis in the paeonol pretreatment group was higher than the control group. After co-culture with paeonol, cleaved Caspase 3 protein levels increased while survivin protein levels decreased. In conclusion, our findings indicate that paeonol can induce apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells via activation of Caspase 3 and down-regulation of survivin, and therefore is potentially an effective chemotherapeutic agent for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yin
- Department of Gynecology, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400700, PR China
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Tao HY, He B, Liu SQ, Wei AL, Tao FH, Tao HL, Deng WX, Li HH, Chen Q. Effect of carboxymethylated chitosan on the biosynthesis of NGF and activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the proliferation of Schwann cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 702:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Yi C, Ma C, Xie Z, Zhang G, Song W, Zhou X, Cao Y. Down-regulation of programmed cell death 5 by insulin-like growth factor 1 in osteoarthritis chondrocytes. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2013; 37:937-43. [PMID: 23322062 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-012-1744-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) in osteoarthritis chondrocytes, and to explore the potential correlation between them in the apoptosis process of osteoarthritis chondrocytes. METHODS Patients with knee osteoarthritis were placed into four categories according to radiological staging. The mRNA and protein levels of IGF-1 and PDCD5 in osteoarthritis chondrocytes were respectively detected by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting. In addition, IGF-1 and PDCD5 protein expression in chondrocytes were also measured by immunohistochemistry. Apoptotic cells were measured by TUNEL staining. RESULTS Both the mRNA and protein levels of IGF-1 were down-regulated, while the levels of PDCD5 were up-regulated, and the mRNA and protein levels of IGF-1 were negatively correlated with those of PDCD5, respectively. The apoptotic cell was significantly increased in osteoarthritis chondrocytes compared with control. Importantly, the apoptosis rate was positively correlated with PDCD5 protein expression and negatively correlated with IGF-1 protein expression CONCLUSIONS We concluded that IGF-1 may down-regulate the expression of PDCD5 and thus inhibit the apoptosis of osteoarthritis chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqing Yi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai First People's Hospital, No. 650 New Songjiang Road, Shanghai, 201620, China.
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Biomedical applications of carboxymethyl chitosans. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 91:452-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Bentz M, Zaouter C, Shi Q, Fahmi H, Moldovan F, Fernandes JC, Benderdour M. Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase prevents lipid peroxidation in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:2256-67. [PMID: 22573548 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and the lipid peroxidation (LPO) product 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) are considered to be key mediators of cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis (OA). NO is also known to be an important intermediary in LPO initiation through peroxynitrite formation. The aim of the present study was to assess the ability of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) inhibitor N-iminoethyl-L-lysine (L-NIL) to prevent HNE generation via NO suppression in human OA chondrocytes and cartilage explants. Human OA chondrocytes and cartilage explants were treated with L-NIL and thereafter with or without interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) or HNE at cytotoxic or non-cytotoxic concentrations. Parameters related to oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, and catabolism were investigated. L-NIL stifled IL-1β-induced NO release, iNOS activity, nitrated proteins, and HNE generation in a dose-dependent manner. It also blocked IL-1β-induced inactivation of the HNE-metabolizing glutathione-s-transferase (GST). L-NIL restored both HNE and GSTA4-4 levels in OA cartilage explants. Interestingly, it also abolished IL-1β-evoked reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and p47 NADPH oxidase activation. Furthermore, L-NIL significantly attenuated cell death and markers of apoptosis elicited by exposure to a cytotoxic dose of HNE as well as the release of prostaglandin E(2) and metalloproteinase-13 induced by a non-cytotoxic dose of HNE. Altogether, our findings support a beneficial effect of L-NIL in OA by (i) preventing the LPO process and ROS production via NO-dependent and/or independent mechanisms and (ii) attenuating HNE-induced cell death and different mediators of cartilage damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Bentz
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal and Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Saponin-rich fraction from Clematis chinensis Osbeck roots protects rabbit chondrocytes against nitric oxide-induced apoptosis via preventing mitochondria impairment and caspase-3 activation. Cytotechnology 2012; 65:287-95. [PMID: 22821055 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-012-9485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study reported that the saponin-rich fraction from Clematis chinensis Osbeck roots (SFC) could effectively alleviate experimental osteoarthritis induced by monosodium iodoacetate in rats through protecting articular cartilage and inhibiting local inflammation. The present study was performed to investigate the preventive effects of SFC on articular chondrocyte, and explore the underlying mechanisms. Primary rabbit chondrocytes were cultured and exposed to sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor. After treatment with different concentrations of SFC (30, 100, 300, 1,000 μg/ml) for 24 h, nucleic morphology, apoptotic rate, mitochondrial function and caspase-3 activity of chondrocytes were examined. The results showed that SNP induced remarkable apoptosis of rabbit chondrocytes evidenced by Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry analysis, and SFC prevented the apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Further studies indicated that SFC could prevent the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (∆ψm) in SNP-treated chondrocytes and suppress the activation of caspase-3. It can be concluded that the protection of SFC on articular chondrocytes is associated with the anti-apoptosis effects via inhibiting the mitochondrion impairment and caspase-3 activation.
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Anirudhan TS, Sandeep S. Synthesis, characterization, cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of a multi-functional magnetic nanocomposite for the targeted delivery and controlled release of doxorubicin to cancer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm31794j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Carboxymethylated chitosan stimulates proliferation of Schwann cells in vitro via the activation of the ERK and Akt signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 667:195-201. [PMID: 21699895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Proliferation of Schwann cell in the injured peripheral nerve supports axonal regeneration and also is critical for the regeneration of injured nerves. In this publication, carboxymethylated chitosan (CMCS) was studied to determine its capacity (i) to induce proliferation and synthesis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and (ii) to activate mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK/ERK) and phosphatidylinositil-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways in rat Schwann cells. CMCS was found to induce proliferation and PCNA synthesis in Schwann cells in a dose and time dependent manner. CMCS was shown to phosphorylate ERK1/2 and Akt in Schwann cell proliferation. The phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt in Schwann cells was blocked by the MEK inhibitor PD98059 and the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin. In addition, inhibition of the MEK/ERK or the PI3K/Akt signaling pathways significantly decreased the proliferative effects of CMCS in Schwann cells. Overall, the above results indicate that CMCS stimulates proliferation of Schwann cells by activating the intracellular signaling cascades of ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt.
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Joodi G, Ansari N, Khodagholi F. Chitooligosaccharide-mediated neuroprotection is associated with modulation of Hsps expression and reduction of MAPK phosphorylation. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 48:726-35. [PMID: 21356235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence implicating the role of oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neurodegenerative disease, including Alzheimer's disease. In this study we aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of chitooligosaccharide (COS), an antioxidant oligosaccharide, on hydrogen peroxide induced apoptosis in NGF-differentitated rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. COS treatment reversed the decrease of cell viability induced by H(2)O(2) and this was associated with diminished intracellular ROS and decreased level of cytosolic Ca(2+). Additionally, COS contributed to up-regulation of Bcl-2, down regulation of Bax protein and reduction of cleaved Caspase-3 protein. COS treatment stabilized Nrf2 in nucleus and increased the Hsp70 level within cell while down-regulated Hsp90 expression. Moreover, COS could inhibit the phosphorylation of different mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), whose aberrant phosphorylation has been implicated in AD. Our findings suggest that heat shock response and MAPK cascades are both involved in cell survival, and by concomitantly regulating both pathways, COS can be a promising agent in treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golsa Joodi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wu W, Xu X, Dai Y, Xia L. Therapeutic effect of the saponin fraction from Clematis chinensis Osbeck roots on osteoarthritis induced by monosodium iodoacetate through protecting articular cartilage. Phytother Res 2010; 24:538-46. [PMID: 19655297 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the saponin fraction from Clematis chinensis Osbeck roots (SFC) on an osteoarthritis model in rats and to explore its underlying mechanisms. Osteoarthritis was induced by intraarticular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) into knee joints of rats, and SFC and diclofenac were orally administered once a day for 28 consecutive days. Joint swelling, macroscopic observation, histological assessment and proteoglycan (PG) degradation were examined. In vitro, cultured rabbit chondrocytes were stimulated with MIA and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), respectively. The effects of SFC on MIA- and SNP-induced chondrocyte injury were examined by MTT assay. It was shown that SFC (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) dose-dependently reduced cartilage injury and PG degradation induced by MIA. Diclofenac (4 mg/kg) only slightly alleviated cartilage injury and PG degradation. SFC also prevented SNP- or MIA-induced rabbit chondrocyte impairment. These results indicate that SFC is effective in ameliorating joint destruction and cartilage erosion in MIA-induced osteoarthritic in rats, and the mechanisms of action for protecting articular cartilage are through preventing extracellular matrix degradation and chondrocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing
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Schagemann JC, Chung HW, Mrosek EH, Stone JJ, Fitzsimmons JS, O'Driscoll SW, Reinholz GG. Poly-epsilon-caprolactone/gel hybrid scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 93:454-63. [PMID: 19582837 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the suitability of hybrid scaffolds composed of naturally derived biopolymer gels and macroporous poly-epsilon-caprolactone (PCL) scaffolds for neocartilage formation in vitro. Rabbit articular chondrocytes were seeded into PCL/HA (1 wt % hyaluronan), PCL/CS (0.5 wt % chitosan), PCL/F (1:3 fibrin sealant plus aprotinin), and PCL/COL1 (0.24% type I collagen) hybrids and cultured statically for up to 50 days. Growth characteristics were evaluated by histological analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Neocartilage was quantified using a dimethyl-methylene blue assay for sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for type II collagen (COL2), normalized to dsDNA content by fluorescent PicoGreen assay. Chondrocytes were homogenously distributed throughout the entire scaffold and exhibited a predominantly spheroidal shape 1 h after being seeded into scaffolds. Immunofluorescence depicted expanding proteoglycan deposition with time. The sGAG per dsDNA increased in all hybrids between days 25 and 50. PCL/HA scaffolds consistently promoted highest yields. In contrast, total sGAG and total COL2 decreased in all hybrids except PCL/CS, which favored increasing values and a significantly higher total COL2 at day 50. Overall, dsDNA content decreased significantly with time, and particularly between days 3 and 6. The PCL/HA hybrid displayed two proliferation peaks at days 3 and 25, and PCL/COL1 displayed one proliferation peak at day 12. The developed hybrids provided distinct short-term environments for implanted chondrocytes, with not all of them being explicitly beneficial (PCL/F, PCL/COL1). The PCL/HA and PCL/CS hybrids, however, promoted specific neocartilage formation and initial cell retention and are thus promising for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Schagemann
- Cartilage and Connective Tissue Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
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Phytoestrogen bavachin mediates anti-inflammation targeting IκB kinase-IκBα-NF-κB signaling pathway in chondrocytes in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 636:181-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Liu HT, He JL, Li WM, Yang Z, Wang YX, Bai XF, Yu C, Du YG. Chitosan oligosaccharides protect human umbilical vein endothelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis. Carbohydr Polym 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Peng H, Zhou JL, Liu SQ, Hu QJ, Ming JH, Qiu B. Hyaluronic acid inhibits nitric oxide-induced apoptosis and dedifferentiation of articular chondrocytes in vitro. Inflamm Res 2010; 59:519-30. [PMID: 20077126 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-010-0156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 12/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nitric oxide is an important mediator in Osteoarthritis (OA), and causes apoptosis and dedifferentiation in articular chondrocytes. Protein kinase Calpha is involved in modulating apoptosis and dedifferentiation of articular chondrocytes induced by nitric oxide. Hyaluronic acid is widely used in the treatment of osteoarthritis and exerts significant chondroprotective effects. The exact mechanisms of its chondroprotective action are not yet fully elucidated. The present study was performed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of hyaluronic acid in NO-induced apoptosis and dedifferentiation of chondrocytes. METHODS The ratio of apoptotic cell and cell viability was surveyed by TUNEL, MTT assay and flow cytometry. The expression of aggrecan, type II collagen, and PKCalpha were determined by real-time PCR and Western blot. The expression changes of caspase-3 and bcl-2 was detected by Western blot. The mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim) was evaluated by Rhodamine-123 fluorescence. RESULTS HA reduces the TUNEL positive cell, nuclei fragment and the impairment of DeltaPsim. NO-induced chondrocyte dedifferentiation was blocked by HA, which restores expression of aggrecan and type II collagen of chondrocytes and cell viability. HA can block inhibition of PKC-alpha by NO. CONCLUSION Our results show that HA blocks NO-induced apoptosis and dedifferentiation of articular chondrocytes by modulation of DeltaPsim and PKCalpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Chitosan prevents oxidative stress-induced amyloid β formation and cytotoxicity in NT2 neurons: involvement of transcription factors Nrf2 and NF-κB. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 337:39-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0284-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hung LF, Lai JH, Lin LC, Wang SJ, Hou TY, Chang DM, Liang CCT, Ho LJ. Retinoid Acid Inhibits IL-1-Induced iNOS, COX-2 and Chemokine Production in Human Chondrocytes. Immunol Invest 2009; 37:675-93. [DOI: 10.1080/08820130802307237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Huang CY, Hung LF, Liang CCT, Ho LJ. COX-2 and iNOS are critical in advanced glycation end product-activated chondrocytes in vitro. Eur J Clin Invest 2009; 39:417-28. [PMID: 19371268 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02106.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulate in joints of osteoarthritis patients. This study aimed to investigate the roles of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) pathways in AGE-mediated cartilage damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methylglyoxal-modified albumin was used as the source of AGE. Porcine and human chondrocytes were prepared from the joint cartilage of pigs and osteoarthritis patients. The activation of COX-2, iNOS, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), activator protein-1 (AP-1) and protein kinases was determined by Western blotting, kinase assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) or transfection assay. Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and NO concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Griess reaction respectively. The enzymatic activity of COX was determined by measuring the conversion of arachidonic acid to PGE(2). The release of sulphated glycosaminoglycan and the intensity of Safranin O staining were used to measure cartilage degradation. RESULTS AGE potently induced COX-2-PGE(2) and iNOS-NO activation in porcine and human chondrocytes. Meanwhile, the upstream molecules regulating COX-2/iNOS activation, such as AP-1, NF-kappaB, extracellular signal regulated protein kinase (ERK) and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), were activated by AGE. Although AGE could not activate p38 directly, by measuring COX enzyme activity, the inhibition of p38 resulted in suppressing AGE-induced conversion of arachidonic acid to PGE(2). Furthermore, successful blockage of either COX-2 or NOS activity significantly reduced AGE-mediated proteoglycan release and cartilage degradation. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the significance of COX-2 and iNOS pathways in AGE-mediated OA pathogenesis and their potential as therapeutic targets that are beyond pain killing for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-Y Huang
- National Health Research Institute, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
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Muzzarelli RA. Chitins and chitosans for the repair of wounded skin, nerve, cartilage and bone. Carbohydr Polym 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 632] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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47
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48
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Wang LC, Chen XG, Sheng Liu C, De Li L, Xia Ji Q, Jun Yu L. Preparation of a multistructural film with CM-chitosan and PVA, andin vitroornidazole release from the carrier. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Synthesis, characterization and chondroprotective properties of a hyaluronan thioethyl ether derivative. Biomaterials 2007; 29:1388-99. [PMID: 18158182 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA), a non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan, is widely used in the clinic for viscosurgery, viscosupplementation, and treatment of osteoarthritis. Four decades of chemical modifications of HA have generated derivatives in which the biophysical and biochemical properties, as well as the rates of enzymatic degradation in vivo have been manipulated and tailored for specific clinical needs. One earlier modification adds multiple thiol groups to HA through hydrazide linkages, leading to a readily crosslinkable material for adhesion prevention and wound healing. We now describe the synthesis and chemical characterization of a novel thioethyl ether derivative of HA, HA-sulfhydryl (HASH), with a minimal tether between the HA and the thiol group. Unlike earlier thiol-modified HA derivatives, HASH cannot be readily crosslinked to form a hydrogel using either oxidative or bivalent electrophilic conditions, thus offering a unique polymeric polythiol that remains soluble. Moreover, HASH showed no cytotoxicity towards primary human fibroblasts and reduced the apoptosis rates of primary chondrocytes exposed to hydrogen peroxide in vitro. These properties foreshadow the clinical potential of HASH to moderate inflammation and to act as a chondroprotective agent in vivo.
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