1
|
Jung HJ, Priefer R. Tachykinin NK 2 antagonist for treatments of various disease states. Auton Neurosci 2021; 235:102865. [PMID: 34358844 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tachykinin NK2 receptors are distributed in periphery, in the smooth muscle of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary tract, and within the brain. Substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and neurokinin B (NKB) are endogenous ligands for NK2 receptors and are active in the peripheral and central nervous systems. NK2 antagonists have the potential to reduce airway motor responses and prevent hyperactivity by inhibiting NKA-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients. Due to its abundance, peripherally and centrally, tachykinin NK2 receptor antagonists have high potential in treating various disease states ranging from asthma to irritable bowel syndrome, to detrusor hyperactivity, to anxiety. This review is an evaluation of NK2 receptor antagonists as possible therapeutics for a myriad of pharmacological treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Jung
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ronny Priefer
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Drimousis S, Markus I, Murphy TV, Perera DS, Phan-Thien KC, Zhang L, Liu L. Gender-Related Differences of Tachykinin NK2Receptor Expression and Activity in Human Colonic Smooth Muscle. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 375:28-39. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.265967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
3
|
Gadais C, Ballet S. The Neurokinins: Peptidomimetic Ligand Design and Therapeutic Applications. Curr Med Chem 2018; 27:1515-1561. [PMID: 30209994 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180913095918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The neurokinins are indisputably essential neurotransmitters in numerous pathoand physiological events. Being widely distributed in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and peripheral tissues, their discovery rapidly promoted them to drugs targets. As a necessity for molecular tools to understand the biological role of this class, endogenous peptides and their receptors prompted the scientific community to design ligands displaying either agonist and antagonist activity at the three main neurokinin receptors, called NK1, NK2 and NK3. Several strategies were implemented for this purpose. With a preference to small non-peptidic ligands, many research groups invested efforts in synthesizing and evaluating a wide range of scaffolds, but only the NK1 antagonist Aprepitant (EMENDT) and its prodrug Fosaprepitant (IVEMENDT) have been approved by the Food Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced and Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting (CINV and PONV, respectively). While non-peptidic drugs showed limitations, especially in side effect control, peptidic and pseudopeptidic compounds progressively regained attention. Various strategies were implemented to modulate affinity, selectivity and activity of the newly designed ligands. Replacement of canonical amino acids, incorporation of conformational constraints, and fusion with non-peptidic moieties gave rise to families of ligands displaying individual or dual NK1, NK2 and NK3 antagonism, that ultimately were combined with non-neurokinin ligands (such as opioids) to target enhanced biological impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Gadais
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vardigan JD, Houghton AK, Lange HS, Adarayan ED, Pall PS, Ballard JE, Henze DA, Uslaner JM. Pharmacological validation of a novel nonhuman primate measure of thermal responsivity with utility for predicting analgesic effects. J Pain Res 2018; 11:735-741. [PMID: 29692626 PMCID: PMC5903490 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s152879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The development of novel analgesics to treat acute or chronic pain has been a challenge due to a lack of translatable measurements. Preclinical end points with improved translatability are necessary to more accurately inform clinical testing paradigms, which may help guide selection of viable drug candidates. Methods In this study, a nonhuman primate biomarker which is sensitive to standard analgesics at clinically relevant plasma concentrations, can differentiate analgesia from sedation and utilizes a protocol very similar to that which can be employed in human clinical studies is described. Specifically, acute heat stimuli were delivered to the volar forearm using a contact heat thermode in the same manner as the clinical setting. Results Clinically efficacious exposures of morphine, fentanyl, and tramadol produced robust analgesic effects, whereas doses of diazepam that produce sedation had no effect. Conclusion We propose that this assay has predictive utility that can help improve the probability of success for developing novel analgesics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Parul S Pall
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tack J, Schumacher K, Tonini G, Scartoni S, Capriati A, Maggi CA. The neurokinin-2 receptor antagonist ibodutant improves overall symptoms, abdominal pain and stool pattern in female patients in a phase II study of diarrhoea-predominant IBS. Gut 2017; 66:1403-1413. [PMID: 27196574 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tachykinins have been implicated in the pathophysiology of IBS with diarrhoea (IBS-D). Our aim was to study the efficacy and safety of ibodutant, a selective neurokinin-2 (NK2) receptor antagonist, in patients with IBS-D. METHODS This multinational double-blind, placebo-controlled study recruited 559 patients with IBS-D according to Rome III criteria. After a 2-week treatment-free run-in, patients were randomised to ibodutant 1 mg, 3 mg, 10 mg or placebo once daily for eight consecutive weeks. Responders were those with a combined response of satisfactory relief (weekly binary question yes/no) of overall IBS symptoms and abdominal pain/discomfort on ≥75% weeks (primary end point). Secondary end points included abdominal pain and stool pattern. Data were also analysed according to US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved interim end points (improvement of pain and stool consistency). Safety was assessed by monitoring adverse events and laboratory tests. Prespecified statistical analysis involved the whole group as well as gender subgroups. RESULTS Demographics and baseline characteristics were comparable for all treatment arms. In the overall population, responsiveness tended to increase with escalating ibodutant doses. In the prespecified analysis by gender, ibodutant 10 mg demonstrated significant superiority over placebo in females (p=0.003), while no significant effect occurred in males. This was confirmed for secondary end points and for the responder analysis according to FDA-approved end points. The tolerability and safety of ibodutant was excellent at all doses. CONCLUSIONS Ibodutant showed dose-dependent efficacy response in IBS-D, reaching statistical significance at the 10 mg dose in female patients. The safety and tolerability profile of ibodutant was similar to placebo. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01303224.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Schumacher
- Menarini Research & Business Service GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Tonini
- Menarini Ricerche S.p.A, Florence, Italy
| | - S Scartoni
- Menarini Ricerche S.p.A, Florence, Italy
| | - A Capriati
- Menarini Ricerche S.p.A, Florence, Italy
| | - C A Maggi
- Menarini Ricerche S.p.A, Florence, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bellucci F, Buéno L, Bugianesi R, Crea A, D'Aranno V, Meini S, Santicioli P, Tramontana M, Maggi CA. Gender-related differential effect of tachykinin NK2 receptor-mediated visceral hyperalgesia in guinea pig colon. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1329-38. [PMID: 26758701 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The tachykinin NK2 receptor antagonist ibodutant is under Phase III clinical investigation to treat female patients with irritable bowel syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the NK2 receptor-related gender specificity in a model of colitis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Colitis was induced by rectal instillation of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS, 0.5 mL, 30 mg·mL(-1) in 30% ethanol) in female and male guinea pigs. Electromyographic recording of the responses to colorectal distension (CRD) was made 3 days later. Ibodutant (0.33 , 0.65, 1.9 and 6.5 mg·kg(-1) ) was given s.c., 30 min before CRD. Release of neurokinin A and substance P from isolated mucosal and smooth muscle tissues following treatment with KCl (80 mM) or capsaicin (10 μM) was measured by EIA. Plasma pharmacokinetics of ibodutant following a single s.c. administration (0.73 or 2.1 mg·kg(-1) ) were measured over 24 h. KEY RESULTS Ibodutant did not affect abdominal contractions in control animals. After TNBS-induced colitis, ibodutant prevented the increased visceral hypersensitivity to CRD in females, at lower doses than in males. Ibodutant pharmacokinetics did not differ between females and males. Tachykinins release was greater in smooth muscle than in mucosal samples. Capsaicin-stimulated release of tachykinins from inflamed mucosal samples from females was significantly lower than in males. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Ibodutant prevented abdominal nociception in a model of visceral hypersensitivity in guinea pigs with a greater efficacy in females than in males. Our results highlight a gender-related difference in colonic visceral hypersensitivity and mucosal nerve activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Bellucci
- Pharmacology Department, Menarini Ricerche S.p.A., Florence, Italy
| | - L Buéno
- Neurogastroenterology & Nutrition Department INRA/ESAP, Toulouse, France
| | - R Bugianesi
- Pharmacokinetics Department, Menarini Ricerche S.p.A., Rome, Italy
| | - A Crea
- Pharmacokinetics Department, Menarini Ricerche S.p.A., Rome, Italy
| | - V D'Aranno
- Pharmacokinetics Department, Menarini Ricerche S.p.A., Rome, Italy
| | - S Meini
- Pharmacology Department, Menarini Ricerche S.p.A., Florence, Italy
| | - P Santicioli
- Pharmacology Department, Menarini Ricerche S.p.A., Florence, Italy
| | - M Tramontana
- Pharmacology Department, Menarini Ricerche S.p.A., Florence, Italy
| | - C A Maggi
- Pharmacology Department, Menarini Ricerche S.p.A., Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Corsetti M, Akyuz F, Tack J. Targeting tachykinin receptors for the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders with a focus on irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:1354-70. [PMID: 26088804 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tachykinins (TKs) are a family of endogenous peptides widely expressed in the central and in the peripheral nervous systems as well as in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. They act as full agonists at three different membrane receptors neurokinin (NK) 1, NK2, and NK3, which are G protein-coupled receptors and in the GI tract are expressed both on neurons and effector cells. PURPOSE This article reviews the literature concerning the role of TKs in the GI tract function in physiological and pathological conditions and their potential relevance in the treatment of functional GI disorders with particular reference to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The efficacy of NK1 antagonists in chemotherapy-induced and postoperative nausea and vomiting is well established. While pharmacodynamic studies have reported conflicting and negative results concerning the effects of NK1 and of NK3 antagonists, respectively, on the GI tract function in humans, clinical studies applying the NK3 antagonist talnetant in IBS-D were negative. Pharmacodynamic studies applying NK2 antagonists have suggested a role for antagonism of NK2 receptors in modulation of GI chemical-induced altered motility and of stress-induced altered bowel habits. Clinical studies and in particular a recently completed Phase 2 study have reported that the NK2 antagonist ibodutant is effective and safe in treating symptoms of D-IBS, especially in females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Corsetti
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - F Akyuz
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alexander SPH, Benson HE, Faccenda E, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Spedding M, Peters JA, Harmar AJ. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: G protein-coupled receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 170:1459-581. [PMID: 24517644 PMCID: PMC3892287 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12444/full. G protein-coupled receptors are one of the seven major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being G protein-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, ion channels, catalytic receptors, nuclear hormone receptors, transporters and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. A new landscape format has easy to use tables comparing related targets. It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2013, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in conjunction with NC-IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR-DB and the Guide to Receptors and Channels, providing a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen PH Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical SchoolNottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Helen E Benson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Adam J Pawson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Joanna L Sharman
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | | | - John A Peters
- Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of DundeeDundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Anthony J Harmar
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Antagonist profile of ibodutant at the tachykinin NK2 receptor in guinea pig isolated bronchi. Eur J Pharmacol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
10
|
Santicioli P, Meini S, Giuliani S, Catalani C, Bechi P, Riccadonna S, Ringressi MN, Maggi CA. Characterization of ibodutant at NK2 receptor in human colon. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 702:32-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
11
|
Tanaka T, Matsumoto-Okano S, Inatomi N, Fujioka Y, Kamiguchi H, Yamaguchi M, Imanishi A, Kawamoto M, Miura K, Nishikawa Y, Tsukimi Y. Establishment and validation of a rabbit model for in vivo pharmacodynamic screening of tachykinin NK2 antagonists. J Pharmacol Sci 2012; 118:487-95. [PMID: 22447303 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.11245fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We attempted to establish and validate an in vivo pharmacodynamic (PD) rabbit model to screen tachykinin NK(2) receptor (NK(2)-R) antagonists using pharmacological and pharmacokinetic (PK)/PD analyses. Under urethane anesthesia, changes in intracolonic pressure associated with intravenous (i.v.) administration of a selective NK(2)-R agonist, βAla(8)-neurokinin A(4-10) (βA-NKA), was monitored as a PD marker. The analgesic effects of NK(2)-R antagonists were evaluated by monitoring visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distension in a rabbit model of visceral hypersensitivity induced by intracolonic treatment of acetic acid. Intravenous administration of βA-NKA induced transient colonic contractions dose-dependently, which were inhibited by the selective NK(2)-R antagonists in dose- and/or plasma concentration-dependent manners. The correlation between PD inhibition and plasma concentration normalized with the corresponding in vitro binding affinity was relatively high (r(2) = 0.61). Furthermore, the minimum effective doses on the VMR and ID(50) values calculated in the PD model were highly correlated (r(2) = 0.74). In conclusion, we newly established and validated a rabbit model of agonist-induced colonic contractions as a screening tool for NK(2)-R antagonists. In a drug discovery process, this PD model could enhance the therapeutic candidate selection for irritable bowel syndrome, pharmacologically connecting in vitro affinity for NK(2)-R with in vivo therapeutic efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tanaka
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Onaga T, Oh-ishi T, Shimoda T, Nishimoto S, Hayashi H. Role of tachykinin and neurokinin receptors in the regulation of ovine omasal contractions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 173:64-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
13
|
Tanaka T, Tanaka A, Nakamura A, Matsushita K, Imanishi A, Matsumoto-Okano S, Inatomi N, Miura K, Toyoda M, Mizojiri G, Tsukimi Y. Effects of TAK-480, a Novel Tachykinin NK2^|^ndash;Receptor Antagonist, on Visceral Hypersensitivity in Rabbits and Ricinoleic Acid^|^ndash;Induced Defecation in Guinea Pigs. J Pharmacol Sci 2012; 120:15-25. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.12085fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
|
14
|
Cipriani G, Santicioli P, Evangelista S, Maggi CA, Riccadonna S, Ringressi MN, Bechi P, Faussone-Pellegrini MS, Vannucchi MG. Effect of otilonium bromide and ibodutant on the internalization of the NK2 receptor in human colon. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011; 23:96-102, e10. [PMID: 20879991 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2010.01594.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present aim was to study the modulation of NK2 receptor internalization by two compounds, the spasmolytic otilonium bromide (OB) endowed with NK2 receptor antagonistic properties and the selective NK2 receptor antagonist ibodutant. METHODS Full-thickness human colonic segments were incubated in the presence of OB (0.1-10 μmol L(-1)) or ibodutant (0.001-0.1 μmol L(-1)), with or without the NK2 receptor selective agonist [ßAla8]NKA(4-10) and then fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. Cryosections were processed for NK2 receptor immunohistochemical revelation. Quantitative analysis evaluated the number of the smooth muscle cells that had internalized the NK2 receptor. KEY RESULTS Immunohistochemistry revealed that in basal condition, the NK2 receptor was internalized in about 23% of total smooth muscle cells. The exposure to the selective NK2 receptor agonist induced internalization of the receptor in more than 77% of the cells. Previous exposure to both OB or ibodutant, either alone or in the presence of the agonist, concentration-dependently reduced the number of the cells with the internalized receptor. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Both OB and ibodutant antagonize the internalization of the NK2 receptor in the human colon. As NK2 receptors are the predominant receptor mediating spasmogenic activity of tachykinins on enteric smooth muscle, we hypothesize that the antagonistic activity found for both OB and ibodutant should play a specific therapeutic role in gut diseases characterized by hypermotility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Cipriani
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Described in this unit are methods for obtaining, preparing, and testing smooth muscle preparations bearing tachykinin receptors to study the agonist or antagonist properties of test compounds. Concentration-response curves to agonists are constructed to measure their ability to produce smooth muscle contractions and thus evaluate the potency and efficacy of the agonists. Antagonists are tested for their ability to shift the agonist concentration-response curve and to calculate their potency. Two different protocols are described for each of the three tachykinin receptors (NK(1), NK(2), and NK(3)). The NK(1) receptor assays use guinea pig ileum longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus (GPI) and rat urinary bladder (RUB), the NK(2) receptor assays use isolated endothelium-deprived rabbit pulmonary artery (RPA) and hamster trachea (HT), and the NK(3) receptor assays use GPI and rat portal vein (RPV).
Collapse
|
16
|
Schelfhout V, Van De Velde V, Maggi C, Pauwels R, Joos G. The effect of the tachykinin NK(2) receptor antagonist MEN11420 (nepadutant) on neurokinin A-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatics. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2010; 3:219-26. [PMID: 19880429 DOI: 10.1177/1753465809349741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously reported that the nonpeptide tachykinin NK(2) receptor antagonist SR48968 (saredutant) significantly inhibits neurokinin A-induced bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma. MEN11420 (nepadutant) is a bicyclic peptide tachykinin NK(2) receptor antagonist. The aim of the trial was to examine the effect of nepadutant on neurokinin A-induced bronchoconstriction in man. METHODS 12 patients with stable, mild to moderate asthma participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial and received, with intervals of 1 week, MEN11420 2 mg, MEN11420 8 mg and placebo (i.v.). Increasing concentrations of NKA (10(-9) to 10(-6) moles/ml) were inhaled immediately after (d1) and 24 hours after (d2) administration of treatment. RESULTS On d1 both MEN11420 2 and 8 mg shifted the dose response curve for neurokinin A to the right (log PC(20) FEV(1) neurokinin A [moles/ml]; mean + or = or - SEM -6.38 + or - 0.26 after 2 mg, -6.11 + or - 0.23 after 8 mg, versus -6.95 + or - 0.27 after placebo]. On d2 MEN11420 had no effect on neurokinin A-induced bronchoconstriction. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the tachykinin NK(2) receptor antagonist nepadutant significantly inhibits bronchoconstriction induced by neurokinin A in patients with asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venessa Schelfhout
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gensini M, Altamura M, Dimoulas T, Fedi V, Giannotti D, Giuliani S, Guidi A, Harmat N, Meini S, Nannicini R, Pasqui F, Tramontana M, Triolo A, Maggi C. Modulation on C- and N-Terminal Moieties of a Series of Potent and Selective Linear Tachykinin NK2Receptor Antagonists. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:65-78. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
18
|
Cima K, Vogelsinger H, Kähler CM. Sensory neuropeptides are potent chemoattractants for human basophils in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 160:42-8. [PMID: 20035805 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2009.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The sensory neuropeptides secretoneurin (SN) and substance P (SP) are involved in "neurogenic" inflammatory processes as they occur in bronchial asthma or allergic rhinitis. A possible interaction with basophils has not been reported to date. Basophils were isolated from healthy donors by magnetic cell sorting technique and migration was explored using Boyden microchemotaxis chambers. SN [10(-8)M] and SP [10(-6) to 10(-8)M] proved to be chemoattractants equally potent to FMLP [10(-8)M] or LPS [10 pg/ml]. Specific anti-SN antibodies and a trypsinization preparation of SN were used to determine the specificity of the SN effect on basophils. The preincubation of basophils with neurokinin-1 (NK-1) or -2 (NK-2) receptor antagonists revealed the SP effect to act via NK-1 receptors in basophils. In addition, we were able to show phosphodiesterases and phosphoinositide-3 kinases to be engaged in the downstream signalling pathway. Our observations reveal for the first time a link between basophils, which are engaged in allergic processes, and the neuropeptides SN and SP. Furthermore, our data might suggest phosphodiesterases or phosphoinositide-3 kinases to be new therapeutic targets for the treatment of allergic diseases such as asthma or allergic rhinitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Cima
- Pneumology, Internal Medicine I, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Quartara L, Altamura M, Evangelista S, Maggi CA. Tachykinin receptor antagonists in clinical trials. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2009; 18:1843-64. [DOI: 10.1517/13543780903379530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
20
|
Veres TZ, Rochlitzer S, Braun A. The role of neuro-immune cross-talk in the regulation of inflammation and remodelling in asthma. Pharmacol Ther 2009; 122:203-14. [PMID: 19292991 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the development of anti-asthmatic medication, asthma continues to be a major health problem worldwide. The symptoms of asthmatic patients include wheezing, chest tightness, cough and shortness of breath, which, together with airway hyperresponiveness, previously have been attributed to a dysfunction of airway nerves. However, research in the last two decades identified Th2-sensitization and the subsequent allergic reaction to innocuous environmental antigens as a basic immunological mechanism leading to chronic airway inflammation. Recent evidence suggests that the development of allergic asthma is influenced by events and circumstances in early childhood and even in utero. Allergen, ozone or stress exposure, as well as RSV infection in early life could be able to induce irreversible changes in the developing epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit of the airways. The co-existence of chronic inflammation and neural dysfunction have recently drawn attention to the involvement of interaction pathways between the nervous and the immune system in the airways. Intensive basic research has accumulated morphological as well as functional evidence for the interaction between nerves and immune cells. Neuropeptides and neurotrophins have come into focus of attention as the key mediators of neuro-immune interactions, which lead to the development of several pharmacological compounds specifically targeting these molecules. This review will integrate our current knowledge on the involvement of neuro-immune pathways in asthma on the cellular and molecular level. It will summarize the results of pharmacological studies addressing the potential of neuropeptides and neurotrophins as novel therapeutic targets in asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Z Veres
- Department of Immunology, Allergology and Immunotoxicology, Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Meini S, Bellucci F, Catalani C, Cucchi P, Giolitti A, Santicioli P, Giuliani S. Multifaceted Approach to Determine the Antagonist Molecular Mechanism and Interaction of Ibodutant ([1-(2-Phenyl-1R-{[1-(tetrahydropyran-4-ylmethyl)-piperidin-4-ylmethyl]-carbamoyl}-ethylcarbamoyl)-cyclopentyl]-amide) at the Human Tachykinin NK2 Receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 329:486-95. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.150201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
22
|
Leffler A, Ahlstedt I, Engberg S, Svensson A, Billger M, Oberg L, Bjursell MK, Lindström E, von Mentzer B. Characterization of species-related differences in the pharmacology of tachykinin NK receptors 1, 2 and 3. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 77:1522-30. [PMID: 19426690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Revised: 01/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tachykinin NK receptors (NKRs) differ to a large degree among species with respect to their affinities for small molecule antagonists. The aims of the present study were to clone NKRs from gerbil (NK2R and NK3R) and dog (NK1R, NK2R and NK3R) in which the sequence was previously unknown and to investigate the potency of several NKR antagonists at all known human, dog, gerbil and rat NKRs. The NKR protein coding sequences were cloned and expressed in CHO cells. The inhibitory concentrations of selective and non-selective NKR antagonists were determined by inhibition of agonist-induced mobilization of intracellular Ca2+. Receptor homology models were constructed based on the rhodopsin crystal structure to investigate and identify the antagonist binding sites and interaction points in the transmembrane (TM) regions of the NKRs. Data collected using the cloned dog NK1R confirmed that the dog NK1R displays similar pharmacology as the human and the gerbil NK1R, but differs greatly from the mouse and the rat NK1R. Despite species-related amino acid (AA) differences located close to the antagonist binding pocket of the NK2R, they did not affect the potency of the antagonists ZD6021 and saredutant. Two AA differences located close to the antagonist binding site of NK3R likely influence the NK3R antagonist potency, explaining the 3-10-fold decrease in potency observed for the rat NK3R. For the first time, detailed pharmacological experiments in vitro with cloned NKRs demonstrate that not only human, but also dog and gerbil NKR displays similar antagonist pharmacology while rat diverges significantly with respect to NK1R and NK3R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Leffler
- Department of Bioscience, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fedi V, Altamura M, Catalioto RM, Giannotti D, Giolitti A, Giuliani S, Guidi A, Harmat NJS, Lecci A, Meini S, Nannicini R, Pasqui F, Tramontana M, Triolo A, Maggi CA. Discovery of a New Series of Potent and Selective Linear Tachykinin NK2Receptor Antagonists. J Med Chem 2007; 50:4793-807. [PMID: 17850056 DOI: 10.1021/jm070289w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Starting from 1 (MEN14268), a selective tachykinin NK2 receptor antagonist with an interesting in vitro pharmacological profile, a family of numerous antagonists was obtained through an optimization process focused on iterated structural modifications. The effects of the introduction of a wide variety of substituents on the lipophilic aromatic part of the molecule and the modulation of the structural constraint through the insertion of different achiral alpha,alpha-dialkylamino acids were investigated. In particular, aromatic and benzofused heteroaromatic moieties were introduced at the pseudo-N-terminal residue to replace the 2-benzothiophene moiety, and a systematic investigation of the best positioning of substituents onto the aromatic platform was reported for the benzothiophene core. Studies on the modulation of the length and the rigidity of the hydrophilic pseudo-C-terminal pendant are presented. Many heteroaliphatic groups are well tolerated by the receptor in this part of the ligand. The product 48f (MEN15596), bearing a methyl substituent on the benzothiophene and a tetrahydropyranylmethylpiperidine pendant, was finally selected for its good in vivo activity after intravenous, intraduodenal, and oral administration in guinea pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fedi
- Menarini Ricerche S.p.a., Via dei Sette Santi 3, I-50131 Florence, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sisto A, Altamura M, Cardinali F, D'Andrea P, Rossi C, Fattori D. α,α-Cyclic aminoacids as useful scaffolds for the preparation of hNK2 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4841-4. [PMID: 17604625 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2007] [Revised: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 06/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
MEN 15596 is a small molecule, potent and selective antagonist of NK(2) receptor, possessing high affinity and potency at the guinea-pig and human receptors whose pharmacological characterization has been recently published. Here we report how the corresponding class of compounds was derived from a tri-peptide library and the first optimization round to improve both in vitro activity and physicochemical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Sisto
- Menarini Ricerche SpA, via Tito Speri 10, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|