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Mu X, Ma ZB, Chen H, Liang R, Li Z, Guo XX, Xu TR, Xiang C. Therapeutic potential of CB 1R activation by Qingyangshen glycoside M1 for seizure relief. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 327:117982. [PMID: 38423411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cynanchum otophyllum C.K.Schneid.PI.Wilson, commonly referred as ''Qingyangshen'' (QYS), is a traditional folk medicine from Yunnan, renowned for its efficacy in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Glycosides isolated from QYS have shown promise in alleviating epilepsy, however, mechanisms of action and specific molecular targets remain to be elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed to evaluate the anticonvulsant effects of Qingyangshen glycosides M1 (M1), a C21 steroidal glycoside from QYS, on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced convulsions in zebrafish (Danio rerio), and its neuroprotective effect on Glutamate (Glu)-induced damage to PC12 cells, and importantly to identify its potential molecular targets. MATERIALS AND METHODS To evaluate anticonvulsant activity of M1, 7 days-post-fertilization (7-dpf) animals were pretreated (by immersion) and then exposed to PTZ (10 mM) solution. Furthermore, Glu-induced PC12 cell damage was employed to investigate the neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic capacity. Cells were pretreated with various concentrations of M1 (0-10 μM) for 12 h and then co-treated with Glu (15 mM) for an additional 24 h. The cell viability, apoptosis rate and apoptosis-related proteins (p-PI3K, PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, CREB, p-CREB, BDNF, Bax and Bcl-2) were measured using CCK-8, annexin V/PI and Western blot assays. To model the expected interaction between M1 and candidate cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R), ERK phosphorylation, molecular docking, and drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) techniques were employed. Finally, CB1R antagonist Rimonabant (Rim) was validated by co-administration in both zebrafish and cells to confirm the requirement of CB1R for M1 efficacy. RESULTS At a concentration of 400 μM, M1 dramatically reversed PTZ-induced convulsive-like behaviors in zebrafish, as evidenced by a significant reduction in locomotor activity. In the context of Glu-induced cytotoxicity, M1 (10 μM) demonstrated a notable increase in cell viability and suppressed apoptosis through modulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and activation of the PI3K/Akt/CREB/BDNF signaling axis. These effects were facilitated through CB1R activation. In contrast, Rim dampened the beneficial activities of M1 as a cannabinoid agonist. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that M1 as a potential CB1R activator, exhibiting anticonvulsive effects in a PTZ-induced zebrafish model and neuroprotective properties via the PI3K/Akt/CREB/BDNF signaling axis in a Glu-induced PC12 cell injury model. Notably, the observed seizure relief attenuated by CB1R chemical antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Mu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
| | - Zhao-Bin Ma
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
| | - Rui Liang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
| | - Zhao Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xi Guo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
| | - Tian-Rui Xu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China.
| | - Cheng Xiang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China.
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Chitolina R, Gallas-Lopes M, Reis CG, Benvenutti R, Stahlhofer-Buss T, Calcagnotto ME, Herrmann AP, Piato A. Chemically-induced epileptic seizures in zebrafish: A systematic review. Epilepsy Res 2023; 197:107236. [PMID: 37801749 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2023.107236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of zebrafish as a model organism is gaining evidence in the field of epilepsy as it may help to understand the mechanisms underlying epileptic seizures. As zebrafish assays became popular, the heterogeneity between protocols increased, making it hard to choose a standard protocol to conduct research while also impairing the comparison of results between studies. We conducted a systematic review to comprehensively profile the chemically-induced seizure models in zebrafish. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, followed by a two-step screening process based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. Qualitative data were extracted, and a sample of 100 studies was randomly selected for risk of bias assessment. Out of the 1058 studies identified after removing duplicates, 201 met the inclusion criteria. We found that the most common chemoconvulsants used in the reviewed studies were pentylenetetrazole (n = 180), kainic acid (n = 11), and pilocarpine (n = 10), which increase seizure severity in a dose-dependent manner. The main outcomes assessed were seizure scores and locomotion. Significant variability between the protocols was observed for administration route, duration of exposure, and dose/concentration. Of the studies subjected to risk of bias assessment, most were rated as low risk of bias for selective reporting (94%), baseline characteristics of the animals (67%), and blinded outcome assessment (54%). Randomization procedures and incomplete data were rated unclear in 81% and 68% of the studies, respectively. None of the studies reported the sample size calculation. Overall, these findings underscore the need for improved methodological and reporting practices to enhance the reproducibility and reliability of zebrafish models for studying epilepsy. Our study offers a comprehensive overview of the current state of chemically-induced seizure models in zebrafish, highlighting the common chemoconvulsants used and the variability in protocol parameters. This may be particularly valuable to researchers interested in understanding the underlying mechanisms of epileptic seizures and screening potential drug candidates in zebrafish models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Chitolina
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia e Comportamento (LAPCOM), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus Gallas-Lopes
- Brazilian Reproducibility Initiative in Preclinical Systematic Review and meta-Analysis (BRISA) Collaboration, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Psicofarmacologia Experimental (PsychoLab), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos G Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia e Comportamento (LAPCOM), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Radharani Benvenutti
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thailana Stahlhofer-Buss
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia e Comportamento (LAPCOM), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisa Calcagnotto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Neuroquímica da Excitabilidade Neuronal e Plasticidade Sináptica (NNNESP Lab), Departamento de bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana P Herrmann
- Brazilian Reproducibility Initiative in Preclinical Systematic Review and meta-Analysis (BRISA) Collaboration, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Psicofarmacologia Experimental (PsychoLab), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angelo Piato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia e Comportamento (LAPCOM), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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D'Amora M, Galgani A, Marchese M, Tantussi F, Faraguna U, De Angelis F, Giorgi FS. Zebrafish as an Innovative Tool for Epilepsy Modeling: State of the Art and Potential Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097702. [PMID: 37175408 PMCID: PMC10177843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This article discusses the potential of Zebrafish (ZF) (Danio Rerio), as a model for epilepsy research. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder affecting both children and adults, and many aspects of this disease are still poorly understood. In vivo and in vitro models derived from rodents are the most widely used for studying both epilepsy pathophysiology and novel drug treatments. However, researchers have recently obtained several valuable insights into these two fields of investigation by studying ZF. Despite the relatively simple brain structure of these animals, researchers can collect large amounts of data in a much shorter period and at lower costs compared to classical rodent models. This is particularly useful when a large number of candidate antiseizure drugs need to be screened, and ethical issues are minimized. In ZF, seizures have been induced through a variety of chemoconvulsants, primarily pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), kainic acid (KA), and pilocarpine. Furthermore, ZF can be easily genetically modified to test specific aspects of monogenic forms of human epilepsy, as well as to discover potential convulsive phenotypes in monogenic mutants. The article reports on the state-of-the-art and potential new fields of application of ZF research, including its potential role in revealing epileptogenic mechanisms, rather than merely assessing iatrogenic acute seizure modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta D'Amora
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56125 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Galgani
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Marchese
- Molecular Medicine and Neurobiology-ZebraLab, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ugo Faraguna
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Sean Giorgi
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Ayala-Guerrero F, Castro-Domínguez D, Mateos-Salgado EL, Mexicano-Medina G, Gutiérrez-Chávez CA. Effect of valproate on sleep patterns disturbed by epilepsy. Physiol Behav 2023; 259:114054. [PMID: 36502893 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nocturnal epilepsy is a neurological disease that has a significant effect on sleep. Various treatments have been implemented to help mitigate these effects and improve patients' quality of life. The use of experimental animal models for epilepsy has facilitated efficacy assessment and the development of different medications to treat the symptoms of this disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of valproate on sleep patterns altered by epilepsy. Chronically implanted Wistar rats were used to study sleep patterns over three consecutive days under different experimental conditions. The animals were separated into two groups. The first day was considered the control recording; on the second day, one group received pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) alone, and the other group received valproate prior to induction of convulsive seizures with PTZ administration. The results show that in addition to its antiepileptic effect, valproate has hypnotic properties. It is considered to facilitate the action of GABAergic mechanisms to mitigate the effect of convulsive seizures and increase the occurrence of sleep.
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Shaw PAG, Panda SK, Stanca A, Luyten W. Optimization of a locomotion-based zebrafish seizure model. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 375:109594. [PMID: 35421798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Locomotor assays in zebrafish have emerged as a screening test in early drug discovery for antiseizure compounds. However, parameters differ considerably between published studies, which may explain some discrepant results with (candidate) antiseizure medications. NEW METHOD We optimized a locomotor-based seizure assay in zebrafish with pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) as the pharmacological proconvulsant to generate a therapeutic window in which proconvulsant-treated zebrafish larvae could be discriminated from a non-treated control. To generate a reliable control, exposure time and concentration of valproate (VPA, anticonvulsant) was optimized. RESULTS Wells with one or three larvae show a similar PTZ dose-dependent increase in locomotion with less variability in motility for the latter. Zebrafish immersed in 10 mM PTZ showed a significant increase in movement with a sustained effect, without any indication of toxicity. Animals treated with 3 mM VPA showed the strongest reduction of PTZ-induced movement without toxicity. The decrease in PTZ-induced locomotion was greater after 18 h versus 2 h. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) For the larval zebrafish PTZ-induced seizure model, varying experimental parameters have been reported in literature. Our results show that PTZ is often used at toxic concentrations, and we provide instead reliable conditions to quantify convulsant behaviour using an infrared-beam motility assay. CONCLUSIONS We recommend using three zebrafish larvae per well to quantify locomotion in 96-multiwell plates. Larvae should preferably be exposed to 10 mM PTZ for 1 h, consisting of 30 min acclimation and 30 min subsequent recording. As positive control for anticonvulsant activity, we recommend exposure to 3 mM VPA for 18 h before administration of PTZ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sujogya Kumar Panda
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Center of Environment Climate Change and Public Health, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar 751004, Odisha, India.
| | - Alexandru Stanca
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Walter Luyten
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Singh H, Ramon A, Finore D, Burnham K, McRobert S, Lippman-Bell J. Learning Deficits and Attenuated Adaptive Stress Response After Early-Life Seizures in Zebrafish. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:869671. [PMID: 35527822 PMCID: PMC9073075 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.869671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-life seizures (ELS) are often associated with the development of cognitive deficits. However, methods to predict and prevent these deficits are lacking. To increase the range of research models available to study cognitive consequences of ELS, we investigated whether seizures in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) lead to behavioral deficits later in life. We thus modified the existing pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure model in larval zebrafish, exposing zebrafish to PTZ daily from 5 to 7 days post-fertilization (dpf). We then compared later-life learning, social behavior (shoaling), and behavioral and chemical measures of anxiety in the PTZ-exposed zebrafish (PTZ group) to that of naïve clutchmates (untouched controls, UC) and to a second control group (handling control, HC) that experienced the same handling as the PTZ group, but without PTZ exposure. We observed that only the PTZ group displayed a significant deficit in a y-maze learning task, while only the HC group displayed a social deficit of decreased shoaling. HC fish also showed an increased frequency of behavioral freezing and elevated cortisol responses to netting, heightened stress responses not seen in the PTZ fish. Since mild stressors, such as the handling the HC fish experienced, can lead to learned, advantageous responses to stress later in life, we tested escape response in the HC fish using an acoustic startle stimulus. The HC group showed an enhanced startle response, swimming significantly farther than either the PTZ or UC group immediately after being startled. Taken together, these results indicate that seizures in larval zebrafish impair learning and the development of an adaptive, heightened stress response after early-life stress. These findings expand the behavioral characterization of the larval zebrafish seizure model, strengthening the power of this model for ELS research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsimran Singh
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alfonsina Ramon
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dana Finore
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kaleigh Burnham
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Scott McRobert
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jocelyn Lippman-Bell
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Tavassoli M, Ardjmand A. Pentylenetetrazol and Morphine Interaction in a State-dependent Memory Model: Role of CREB Signaling. Basic Clin Neurosci 2021; 11:557-572. [PMID: 33613894 PMCID: PMC7878041 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.11.4.1482.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: State-dependent (STD) memory is a process, in which the learned information can be optimally retrieved only when the subject is in the state similar to the encoding phase. This phenomenon has been widely studied with morphine. Several studies have reported that Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) impairs memory in experimental animal models. Due to certain mechanistic interactions between morphine and PTZ, it is hypothesized that PTZ may interfere with the morphine-STD. The cyclic adenosine monophosphate Response Element-Binding (CREB) is considered as the main downstream marker for long-term memory. This study was designed to determine the possible interaction between PTZ and morphine STD and the presumable changes in CREB mRNA. Methods: In an Inhibitory Avoidance (IA) model, posttraining morphine (2.5, 5, and 7.5 mg/ kg-i.p.) was used. The pre-test morphine was evaluated for morphine-induced STD memory. Moreover, the effect of a pre-test PTZ (60 mg/kg-i.p.) was studied along with morphine STD. Locomotion testing was carried out using open-field. Eventually, using real-time-PCR, the CREB mRNA changes in the hippocampus were evaluated. Results: Posttraining MOR (7.5 mg/kg-i.p.) impaired IA memory (P<0.001). The pre-test injection of similar doses of morphine recovered the morphine-induced memory impairment (P<0.001). The pre-test PTZ impaired the IA memory recall (P<0.001); however, the pre-test PTZ along with morphine STD potentiated the morphine-induced STD (P<0.001). Alterations in CREB mRNA were observed in all groups. No difference was seen in the locomotor activity. Conclusion: Presumably, the certain interactive effect of PTZ on morphine-induced STD is mediated through gamma-aminobutyric acid and opioid systems via CREB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Tavassoli
- Institute for Basic Sciences, Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Ardjmand
- Institute for Basic Sciences, Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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A Microfluidic System for Stable and Continuous EEG Monitoring from Multiple Larval Zebrafish. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20205903. [PMID: 33086704 PMCID: PMC7590171 DOI: 10.3390/s20205903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Along with the increasing popularity of larval zebrafish as an experimental animal in the fields of drug screening, neuroscience, genetics, and developmental biology, the need for tools to deal with multiple larvae has emerged. Microfluidic channels have been employed to handle multiple larvae simultaneously, even for sensing electroencephalogram (EEG). In this study, we developed a microfluidic chip capable of uniform and continuous drug infusion across all microfluidic channels during EEG recording. Owing to the modular design of the microfluidic channels, the number of animals under investigation can be easily increased. Using the optimized design of the microfluidic chip, liquids could be exchanged uniformly across all channels without physically affecting the larvae contained in the channels, which assured a stable environment maintained all the time during EEG recording, by eliminating environmental artifacts and leaving only biological effects to be seen. To demonstrate the usefulness of the developed system in drug screening, we continuously measured EEG from four larvae without and with pentylenetetrazole application, up to 60 min. In addition, we recorded EEG from valproic acid (VPA)-treated zebrafish and demonstrated the suppression of seizure by VPA. The developed microfluidic system could contribute to the mass screening of EEG for drug development to treat neurological disorders such as epilepsy in a short time, owing to its handy size, cheap fabrication cost, and the guaranteed uniform drug infusion across all channels with no environmentally induced artifacts.
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Lee Y, Lee KJ, Jang JW, Lee SI, Kim S. An EEG system to detect brain signals from multiple adult zebrafish. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 164:112315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Gawel K, Langlois M, Martins T, van der Ent W, Tiraboschi E, Jacmin M, Crawford AD, Esguerra CV. Seizing the moment: Zebrafish epilepsy models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 116:1-20. [PMID: 32544542 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish are now widely accepted as a valuable animal model for a number of different central nervous system (CNS) diseases. They are suitable both for elucidating the origin of these disorders and the sequence of events culminating in their onset, and for use as a high-throughput in vivo drug screening platform. The availability of powerful and effective techniques for genome manipulation allows the rapid modelling of different genetic epilepsies and of conditions with seizures as a core symptom. With this review, we seek to summarize the current knowledge about existing epilepsy/seizures models in zebrafish (both pharmacological and genetic) and compare them with equivalent rodent and human studies. New findings obtained from the zebrafish models are highlighted. We believe that this comprehensive review will highlight the value of zebrafish as a model for investigating different aspects of epilepsy and will help researchers to use these models to their full extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Gawel
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), University of Oslo, Gaustadalléen 21, Forskningsparken, 0349, Oslo, Norway; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego St. 8b, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Teresa Martins
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Wietske van der Ent
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), University of Oslo, Gaustadalléen 21, Forskningsparken, 0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ettore Tiraboschi
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), University of Oslo, Gaustadalléen 21, Forskningsparken, 0349, Oslo, Norway; Neurophysics Group, Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Piazza Manifattura 1, Building 14, 38068, Rovereto, TN, Italy
| | - Maxime Jacmin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Alexander D Crawford
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Camila V Esguerra
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), University of Oslo, Gaustadalléen 21, Forskningsparken, 0349, Oslo, Norway.
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Nabinger DD, Altenhofen S, Bonan CD. Zebrafish models: Gaining insight into purinergic signaling and neurological disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 98:109770. [PMID: 31678483 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been considered a complementary model for biomedical studies, especially due to advantages such as external and rapid development, and genetic manipulation. There is growing interest in this model in neuroscience research since the species has morphological and physiological similarities to mammals and a complex behavioral repertoire. The purinergic signaling has been described in zebrafish, and purinoceptors and nucleotide- and nucleoside-metabolizing enzymes have already been identified in the central nervous system (CNS) of this species. The involvement of the purinergic system in several models of neurological disorders, such as Alzheimers disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, schizophrenia, and autism has been investigated in zebrafish. This mini review presents several studies describing purinergic signaling in the zebrafish CNS and the action of this neurotransmitter system in models of neurological disorders using this species as a biological model. The use of pharmacological approaches at different stages of development may be a useful tool for preclinical assays and the testing of purinergic compounds as new alternatives for the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Dreher Nabinger
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Cerebrais, Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Stefani Altenhofen
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Cerebrais, Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Cerebrais, Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Jin M, Sheng W, Han L, He Q, Ji X, Liu K. Activation of BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway-regulated brain inflammation in pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in zebrafish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 83:26-36. [PMID: 30195910 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Seizures are sustained neuronal hyperexcitability in brain that result in loss of consciousness and injury. Understanding how the brain responds to seizures is critical to help developing new therapeutic strategies for epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent and unprovoked seizures. However, the mechanisms underlying seizure-dependent alterations of biological properties are poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed gene expression profiles of the zebrafish heads that were undergoing seizures and identified 1776 differentially expressed genes. Gene-regulatory network analysis revealed that BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway positively regulated brain inflammation in zebrafish during seizures. Using K252a, a TrkB inhibitor to block BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway, attenuated pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures, which also confirmed BDNF-TrkB mediated inflammatory responses including regulation of il1β and nfκb, and neutrophil and macrophage infiltration of brain. Our results have provided novel insights into seizure-induced brain inflammation in zebrafish and anti-inflammatory related therapy for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Jin
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Wenlong Sheng
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Liwen Han
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Qiuxia He
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xiuna Ji
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China.
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13
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Odubanjo VO, Ibukun EO, Oboh G, Adefegha SA. Aqueous extracts of two tropical ethnobotanicals (Tetrapleura tetraptera and Quassia undulata) improved spatial and non-spatial working memories in scopolamine-induced amnesic rats: Influence of neuronal cholinergic and antioxidant systems. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:198-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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14
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Shams S, Rihel J, Ortiz JG, Gerlai R. The zebrafish as a promising tool for modeling human brain disorders: A review based upon an IBNS Symposium. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 85:176-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Behavioral Comorbidities and Drug Treatments in a Zebrafish scn1lab Model of Dravet Syndrome. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-NWR-0066-17. [PMID: 28812061 PMCID: PMC5555352 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0066-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in SCN1A cause Dravet syndrome (DS), a catastrophic childhood epilepsy in which patients experience comorbid behavioral conditions, including movement disorders, sleep abnormalities, anxiety, and intellectual disability. To study the functional consequences of voltage-gated sodium channel mutations, we use zebrafish with a loss-of-function mutation in scn1lab, a zebrafish homolog of human SCN1A. Homozygous scn1labs552/s552 mutants exhibit early-life seizures, metabolic deficits, and early death. Here, we developed in vivo assays using scn1labs552 mutants between 3 and 6 d postfertilization (dpf). To evaluate sleep disturbances, we monitored larvae for 24 h with locomotion tracking software. Locomotor activity during dark (night phase) was significantly higher in mutants than in controls. Among anticonvulsant drugs, clemizole and diazepam, but not trazodone or valproic acid, decreased distance moved at night for scn1labs552 mutant larvae. To monitor exploratory behavior in an open field, we tracked larvae in a novel arena. Mutant larvae exhibited impaired exploratory behavior, with increased time spent near the edge of the arena and decreased mobility, suggesting greater anxiety. Both clemizole and diazepam, but not trazodone or valproic acid, decreased distance moved and increased time spent in the center of the arena. Counting inhibitory neurons in vivo revealed no differences between scn1labs552 mutants and siblings. Taken together, our results demonstrate conserved features of sleep, anxiety, and movement disorders in scn1lab mutant zebrafish, and provide evidence that a zebrafish model allows effective tests of treatments for behavioral comorbidities associated with DS.
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Cho SJ, Byun D, Nam TS, Choi SY, Lee BG, Kim MK, Kim S. Zebrafish as an animal model in epilepsy studies with multichannel EEG recordings. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3099. [PMID: 28596539 PMCID: PMC5465065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03482-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent interest in using zebrafish in human disease studies, sparked by their economics, fecundity, easy handling, and homologies to humans, the electrophysiological tools or methods for zebrafish are still inaccessible. Although zebrafish exhibit more significant larval–adult duality than any other animal, most electrophysiological studies using zebrafish are biased by using larvae these days. The results of larval studies not only differ from those conducted with adults but also are unable to delicately manage electroencephalographic montages due to their small size. Hence, we enabled non-invasive long-term multichannel electroencephalographic recording on adult zebrafish using custom-designed electrodes and perfusion system. First, we exploited demonstration of long-term recording on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure models, and the results were quantified. Second, we studied skin–electrode impedance, which is crucial to the quality of signals. Then, seizure propagations and gender differences in adult zebrafish were exhibited for the first time. Our results provide a new pathway for future neuroscience research using zebrafish by overcoming the challenges for aquatic organisms such as precision, serviceability, and continuous water seepage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Joon Cho
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghak Byun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai-Seung Nam
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Geun Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Kim
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
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Zhou Y, Li P, Brantner A, Wang H, Shu X, Yang J, Si N, Han L, Zhao H, Bian B. Chemical profiling analysis of Maca using UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap MS coupled with UHPLC-ESI-QqQ MS and the neuroprotective study on its active ingredients. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44660. [PMID: 28304399 PMCID: PMC5356334 DOI: 10.1038/srep44660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lepidium meyenii (Maca), originated from Peru, has been cultivated widely in China as a popular health care food. However, the chemical and effective studies of Maca were less in-depth, which restricted its application seriously. To ensure the quality of Maca, a feasible and accurate strategy was established. One hundred and sixty compounds including 30 reference standards were identified in 6 fractions of methanol extract of Maca by UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap MS. Among them, 15 representative active compounds were simultaneously determined in 17 samples by UHPLC-ESI-QqQ MS. The results suggested that Maca from Yunnan province was the potential substitute for the one from Peru. Meanwhile, the neuroprotective effects of Maca were investigated. Three fractions and two pure compounds showed strong activities in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced zebrafish model. Among them, 80% methanol elution fraction (Fr5) showed significant neuroprotective activity, followed by 100% part (Fr6). The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) was a possible mechanism of its neuroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Adelheid Brantner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinbin Shu
- Shandong Rosemed Biopharm LTC, Yanzhou, Shandong province, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Si
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyu Han
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyu Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baolin Bian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Feas DA, Igartúa DE, Calienni MN, Martinez CS, Pifano M, Chiaramoni NS, del Valle Alonso S, Prieto MJ. Nutraceutical emulsion containing valproic acid (NE-VPA): a drug delivery system for reversion of seizures in zebrafish larvae epilepsy model. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-017-0316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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19
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Vada S, Goli D, Sharma UR, Bose A, Mandal S. Thorough investigation of epileptic behavioral characterization of caffeine in adult zebrafishes in correlation with drug brain concentration. Acta Ethol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10211-017-0250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Liao G, Li R, Chen X, Zhang W, Du S, Yuan Y. Sodium valproate prevents radiation-induced injury in hippocampal neurons via activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Neuroscience 2016; 331:40-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Lee Y, Lee B, Jeong S, Park JW, Han IO, Lee CJ. Increased cell proliferation and neural activity by physostigmine in the telencephalon of adult zebrafish. Neurosci Lett 2016; 629:189-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Igartúa DE, Calienni MN, Feas DA, Chiaramoni NS, Del Valle Alonso S, Prieto MJ. Development of Nutraceutical Emulsions as Risperidone Delivery Systems: Characterization and Toxicological Studies. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:4142-4152. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Siebel AM, Menezes FP, da Costa Schaefer I, Petersen BD, Bonan CD. Rapamycin suppresses PTZ-induced seizures at different developmental stages of zebrafish. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 139 Pt B:163-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Torres-Hernández BA, Del Valle-Mojica LM, Ortíz JG. Valerenic acid and Valeriana officinalis extracts delay onset of Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-Induced seizures in adult Danio rerio (Zebrafish). BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:228. [PMID: 26168917 PMCID: PMC4501072 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Anticonvulsant properties have been attributed to extracts of the herbal medicine Valeriana officinalis. Our aims were to examine the anticonvulsant properties of valerenic acid and valerian extracts and to determine whether valerian preparations interact with the activity of other anti-epileptic drugs (phenytoin or clonazepam). To achieve these goals, we validated the adult zebrafish, Danio rerio, as an animal model for studying anticonvulsant drugs. Methods All drug treatments were administered by immersion in water containing the drug. For assays of anticonvulsant activity, zebrafish were pretreated with: anti-epileptic drugs, valerenic acid, aqueous or ethanolic valerian extracts, or mixtures (phenytoin or clonazepam with valerenic acid or valerian extracts). Seizures were then induced with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). A behavioral scale was developed for scoring PTZ-induced seizures in adult zebrafish. The seizure latency was evaluated for all pretreatments and control, untreated fish. Valerenic acid and both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of valerian root were also evaluated for their ability to improve survival after pentylenetetrazole-challenge. The assay was validated by comparison with well-studied anticonvulsant drugs (phenytoin, clonazepam, gabapentin and valproate). One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-hoc test was performed, using a p < 0.05 level of significance. All treatments were compared with the untreated animals and with the other pretreatments. Results After exposure to pentylenetetrazole, zebrafish exhibited a series of stereotypical behaviors prior to the appearance of clonic-like movements—convulsions. Both valerenic acid and valerian extracts (aqueous and ethanolic) significantly extended the latency period to the onset of seizure (convulsion) in adult zebrafish. The ethanolic valerian extract was a more potent anticonvulsant than the aqueous extract. Valerenic acid and both valerian extracts interacted synergistically with clonazepam to extended the latency period to the onset of seizure. Phenytoin showed interaction only with the ethanolic valerian extracts. Conclusions Valerenic acid and valerian extracts have anticonvulsant properties in adult zebrafish. Valerian extracts markedly enhanced the anticonvulsant effect of both clonazepam and phenytoin, and could contribute to therapy of epileptic patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-015-0731-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Manabe K, Dooling RJ, Takaku S. An Automated Device for Appetitive Conditioning in Zebrafish (Danio Rerio). Zebrafish 2013; 10:518-23. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2012.0776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuchika Manabe
- Graduate School of Social and Cultural Studies, Nihon University, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Shinichi Takaku
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
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26
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Blazina AR, Vianna MR, Lara DR. The spinning task: a new protocol to easily assess motor coordination and resistance in zebrafish. Zebrafish 2013; 10:480-5. [PMID: 24044654 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2012.0860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing use of adult zebrafish in behavioral studies has created the need for new and improved protocols. Our investigation sought to evaluate the swimming behavior of zebrafish against a water current using the newly developed Spinning Task. Zebrafish were individually placed in a beaker containing a spinning magnetic stirrer and their latency to be swept into the whirlpool was recorded. We characterized that larger fish (>4 cm) and lower rpm decreased the swimming time in the Spinning Task. There was also a dose-related reduction in swimming after acute treatment with haloperidol, valproic acid, clonazepam, and ethanol, which alter coordination. Importantly, at doses that reduced swimming time in the Spinning Task, these drugs influenced absolute turn angle (ethanol increased and the other drugs decreased), but had no effect of distance travelled in a regular water tank. These results suggest that the Spinning Task is a useful protocol to add information to the assessment of zebrafish motor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Blazina
- 1 Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Brazil
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27
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Manabe K, Dooling RJ, Takaku S. Differential reinforcement of an approach response in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Behav Processes 2013; 98:106-11. [PMID: 23727035 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Five zebrafish were trained to approach a target using a fully automated training procedure. During a training session, if the distance between the fish and the target was closer than an arbitrarily set distance, the approach response was reinforced by food. The fish continued to respond under this reinforcement contingency and the distance criterion could be shortened up to eighty times within a 1h session. The initial distance limit was then shortened for the next test training session. Once the initial distance criterion was reduced to a final minimum distance, the distance criterion was fixed at this value for the next nine successive sessions. In a second experiment using different fish, we manipulated approach distances in three conditions. The first condition was identical to the changing criterion training as in Experiment 1. In the second condition, only response distances under a distance criterion were reinforced. And in the last condition, only response distances over the distance criterion were reinforced. Results show that zebrafish can control the distance between themselves and a target. In other words, zebrafish are sensitive to the spatial consequences of their behavior. The present results show that a differential reinforcement paradigm can be successfully applied to zebrafish which therefore enhances their value as a vertebrate model for studies of complex behavior including visuomotor learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuchika Manabe
- Graduate School of Social and Cultural Studies, Nihon University, 4-25 Nakatomi-Minami, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-0003, Japan.
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Banote RK, Koutarapu S, Chennubhotla KS, Chatti K, Kulkarni P. Oral gabapentin suppresses pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure-like behavior and cephalic field potential in adult zebrafish. Epilepsy Behav 2013; 27:212-9. [PMID: 23466252 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report the effect of orally administered gabapentin (GBP) on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure-like activity in adult zebrafish. Zebrafish were pretreated with vehicle or GBP using a novel method of precise oral administration, followed by an intraperitoneal administration of PTZ. Behavioral assessment was carried out using locomotion-based video-tracking analysis and seizure score assignment using visual observation. Cephalic field potential recordings of the zebrafish brain were conducted using an electrical data acquisition system. Orally administered GBP significantly suppressed the seizure-like locomotor activity and strong slow-wave (~3Hz) activity in the cephalic field potential caused by PTZ. This work is the first report of the activity of an orally delivered anticonvulsant in adult zebrafish. Our study provides behavioral and physiological evidence in support of an adult zebrafish model for studying seizures including excitotoxic brain injury and a novel in vivo framework for the evaluation of pharmacological modulators of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Banote
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
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29
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Mussulini BHM, Leite CE, Zenki KC, Moro L, Baggio S, Rico EP, Rosemberg DB, Dias RD, Souza TM, Calcagnotto ME, Campos MM, Battastini AM, de Oliveira DL. Seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole in the adult zebrafish: a detailed behavioral characterization. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54515. [PMID: 23349914 PMCID: PMC3549980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) is a common convulsant agent used in animal models to investigate the mechanisms of seizures. Although adult zebrafish have been recently used to study epileptic seizures, a thorough characterization of the PTZ-induced seizures in this animal model is missing. The goal of this study was to perform a detailed temporal behavior profile characterization of PTZ-induced seizure in adult zebrafish. The behavioral profile during 20 min of PTZ immersion (5, 7.5, 10, and 15 mM) was characterized by stages defined as scores: (0) short swim, (1) increased swimming activity and high frequency of opercular movement, (2) erratic movements, (3) circular movements, (4) clonic seizure-like behavior, (5) fall to the bottom of the tank and tonic seizure-like behavior, (6) death. Animals exposed to distinct PTZ concentrations presented different seizure profiles, intensities and latencies to reach all scores. Only animals immersed into 15 mM PTZ showed an increased time to return to the normal behavior (score 0), after exposure. Total mortality rate at 10 and 15 mM were 33% and 50%, respectively. Considering all behavioral parameters, 5, 7.5, 10, and 15 mM PTZ, induced seizures with low, intermediate, and high severity, respectively. Pretreatment with diazepam (DZP) significantly attenuated seizure severity. Finally, the brain PTZ levels in adult zebrafish immersed into the chemoconvulsant solution at 5 and 10 mM were comparable to those described for the rodent model, with a peak after a 20-min of exposure. The PTZ brain levels observed after 2.5-min PTZ exposure and after 60-min removal from exposure were similar. Altogether, our results showed a detailed temporal behavioral characterization of a PTZ epileptic seizure model in adult zebrafish. These behavioral analyses and the simple method for PTZ quantification could be considered as important tools for future investigations and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Hur M. Mussulini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail: (BHMM) (BM); (DLdO) (Dd)
| | - Carlos E. Leite
- Instituto de Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Kamila C. Zenki
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luana Moro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Suelen Baggio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo P. Rico
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Denis B. Rosemberg
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Renato D. Dias
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tadeu M. Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria E. Calcagnotto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria M. Campos
- Instituto de Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana M. Battastini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Diogo L. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail: (BHMM) (BM); (DLdO) (Dd)
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30
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Pineda R, Beattie CE, Hall CW. Closed-loop neural stimulation for pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in zebrafish. Dis Model Mech 2013; 6:64-71. [PMID: 22822044 PMCID: PMC3529339 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.009423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stimulation can reduce the frequency of seizures in persons with epilepsy, but rates of seizure-free outcome are low. Vagus nerve stimulation prevents seizures by continuously activating noradrenergic projections from the brainstem to the cortex. Cortical norepinephrine then increases GABAergic transmission and increases seizure threshold. Another approach, responsive nervous stimulation, prevents seizures by reactively shocking the seizure onset zone in precise synchrony with seizure onset. The electrical shocks abort seizures before they can spread and manifest clinically. The goal of this study was to determine whether a hybrid platform in which brainstem activation triggered in response to impending seizure activity could prevent seizures. We chose the zebrafish as a model organism for this study because of its ability to recapitulate human disease, in conjunction with its innate capacity for tightly controlled high-throughput experimentation. We first set out to determine whether electrical stimulation of the zebrafish hindbrain could have an anticonvulsant effect. We found that pulse train electrical stimulation of the hindbrain significantly increased the latency to onset of pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures, and that this apparent anticonvulsant effect was blocked by noradrenergic antagonists, as is also the case with rodents and humans. We also found that the anticonvulsant effect of hindbrain stimulation could be potentiated by reactive triggering of single pulse electrical stimulations in response to impending seizure activity. Finally, we found that the rate of stimulation triggering was directly proportional to pentylenetetrazole concentration and that the stimulation rate was reduced by the anticonvulsant valproic acid and by larger stimulation currents. Taken as a whole, these results show that that the anticonvulsant effect of brainstem activation can be efficiently utilized by reactive triggering, which suggests that alternative stimulation paradigms for vagus nerve stimulation might be useful. Moreover, our results show that the zebrafish epilepsy model can be used to advance our understanding of neural stimulation in the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pineda
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christine E. Beattie
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Charles W. Hall
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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31
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Antiepileptic drugs prevent changes in adenosine deamination during acute seizure episodes in adult zebrafish. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 104:20-6. [PMID: 23287800 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is an endogenous modulator of brain functions, which presents anticonvulsant properties. In addition, its levels can be increased during neural injury. The modulation of extracellular adenosine levels by ectonucleotidase and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities may represent a key mechanism in the control of epileptogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of acute seizure episodes and antiepileptic drug (AED) treatments on ectonucleotidases and ADA activities in adult zebrafish brain. Our data have demonstrated that pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures did not alter ATP, ADP, and AMP hydrolysis in brain membrane fractions. However, there was a significant increase on ecto-ADA and soluble ADA activities in PTZ-treated animals immediately after a clonus-like convulsion and loss of posture, which are typical behavioral changes observed in Stage 3. Furthermore, our results have demonstrated that AED pretreatments prevented the stimulatory effect promoted by PTZ exposure on ADA activities. The PTZ and AED treatments did not promote alterations on ADA gene expression. Interestingly, when exposed to PTZ, animals pretreated with AEDs showed longer latency to reach the clonus-like seizure status, which is an effect that matches the suppression of the increase of ADA activity promoted by the AEDs. These data suggest that the adenosine deamination could be involved in the control of seizure development in zebrafish and may be modulated by AED treatments.
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32
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Braida D, Donzelli A, Martucci R, Ponzoni L, Pauletti A, Sala M. Neurohypophyseal hormones protect against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in zebrafish: role of oxytocin-like and V1a-like receptor. Peptides 2012; 37:327-33. [PMID: 22828174 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) are involved in the physiological response to different stressors like the occurrence of seizures which is regarded as a severe stress factor. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is recently featured as a model of epilepsy but the role of neurohypophyseal hormones on this teleost is still unknown. We attempted to determine whether non-mammalian homologues like isotocin (IT) and vasotocin (AVT) affected pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in adult zebrafish in comparison with OT/AVP. The mechanism was studied using the most selective OT and AVP receptor antagonists. Zebrafish were injected i.m. with increasing doses (0.1-40 ng/kg) of the neuropeptides 10 min before PTZ exposure. DesGly-NH2-d(CH2)5-[D-Tyr2,Thr4]OVT (desglyDTyrOVT) for OT receptor and SR49059 for V1a subtype receptor, were injected together with each agonist 20 min before PTZ exposure. All the peptides significantly decreased the number of seizures, increased the mean latency time to the first seizure and decreased lethality. This protective effect led to a dose-response curve following a U-shaped form. IT was approximately 40 times more active than OT while AVT was 20 times more potent than AVP in reducing the number of seizures. DesglyDTyrOVT was more effective in antagonizing OT/IT, while SR49059 mainly blocked AVP/AVT-induced protection against PTZ-induced seizures. The present findings provide direct evidence of an important involvement of IT/OT and AVP/AVT as anticonvulsant agents against PTZ-induced seizures with a receptor-mediated mechanism in zebrafish. These data reinforce zebrafish as an emerging experimental model to study and identify new antiepileptic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Braida
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie mediche e Medicina traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, Milan, Italy
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33
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Wu M, Khan IA, Dasmahapatra AK. Valproate-induced teratogenesis in Japanese rice fish (Oryzias latipes) embryogenesis. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 155:528-37. [PMID: 22249148 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Fertilized eggs of Japanese rice fish (medaka) at three developmental stages (Iwamatsu stages 4-30) were exposed to waterborne valproic acid (VPA) (0-80 mM) in hatching solution for 48 h. The amount of valproate to cause 50% mortality (IC(50)) is found to be developmental stage-specific. The embryos were more sensitive to valproate at early stages of development (Iwamatsu stages 4-10) than in the embryos in late stages (Iwamatsu stages 17-30). Valproate exposed embryos have microcephaly and disrupted cardiovasculature with delayed vessel circulation, thrombus formation, and slow heart rate. The hatching efficiency is also reduced by valproate exposure due to developmental delay. The mRNA analysis of nine genes belong to oxidative stress (catalase, gsr, gst), neurogenesis (iro3, wnt1, shh, otx2, nlgn3b) and cell cycle regulation (ccna2) have been done. It was observed that the genes belong to oxidative stress remained unaltered after valproate exposure. However, some of the genes belong to neurogenesis (wnt1,shh, otx2 and nlgn3b) and cell cycle (ccna2) showed developmental stage-specific alteration after valproate exposure. This study indicates that valproate is able to induce some of the phenotypic features which are analogous to human fetal valproate syndrome (FVS). Modulation of genes expressed in neural tissues indicates that this fish can be used to analyze the mechanisms of many neurobehavioral disorders like Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wu
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
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34
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Ellis LD, Seibert J, Soanes KH. Distinct models of induced hyperactivity in zebrafish larvae. Brain Res 2012; 1449:46-59. [PMID: 22386495 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of behavioural hyperactivity can provide insights into how perturbations in normal activity may be linked to the altered function of the nervous system and possibly the symptoms of disease. As a small vertebrate zebrafish have numerous experimental advantages that are making them a powerful model for these types of studies. While the majority of behavioural studies have focused on adult zebrafish, it has become apparent that larvae can also display complex stereotypical patterns of behaviour. Here we have used three compounds (pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), aconitine and 4-aminopyridine) that have different neuronal targets (GABA, sodium and potassium channels), to induce distinct patterns of hyperactivity in larvae. Our studies have revealed that each compound produces a number of distinct concentration-dependent activity patterns. This work has shown for the first time that at sub-convulsive concentrations, PTZ can reverse the normal behavioural response to alternating periods of light and dark in zebrafish larvae. It also appears that both PTZ and 4-aminopyridine produce distinct changes in the normal startle response patterns immediately following light/dark transitions that may be the result of an elevation in stress/anxiety. Aconitine produces a general elevation in activity that eliminates the normal response to light and dark. In addition to differences in the patterns of behaviour each compound also produces a unique pattern of c-fos (an immediate early gene) expression in the brain. While more work is required to make direct links between region specific neuronal activity and individual behaviours, these models provide a framework with which to study and compare mechanistically different types of inducible behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee David Ellis
- Institute for Marine Biosciences Room 325A, National Research Council of Canada, Institute for Marine Biosciences., 1411 Oxford Street,Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 3Z1
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35
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Stewart AM, Desmond D, Kyzar E, Gaikwad S, Roth A, Riehl R, Collins C, Monnig L, Green J, Kalueff AV. Perspectives of zebrafish models of epilepsy: What, how and where next? Brain Res Bull 2012; 87:135-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 11/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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36
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Experimental models of seizures and epilepsies. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 105:57-82. [PMID: 22137429 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394596-9.00003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological conditions that affect people of all ages. Epilepsy is characterized by occurrence of spontaneous recurrent seizures. Currently available drugs are ineffective in controlling seizures in approximately one-third of patients with epilepsy. Moreover, these drugs are associated with adverse effects, and none of them are effective in preventing development of epilepsy following an insult or injury. To develop an effective therapeutic strategy that can interfere with the process of development of epilepsy (epileptogenesis), it is crucial to study the changes that occur in the brain after an injury and before epilepsy develops. It is not possible to determine these changes in human tissue for obvious ethical reasons. Over the years, experimental models of epilepsies have contributed immensely in improving our understanding of mechanism of epileptogenesis as well as of seizure generation. There are many models that replicate at least some of the characteristics of human epilepsy. Each model has its advantages and disadvantages, and the investigator should be aware of this before selecting a specific model for his/her studies. Availability of a good animal model is a key to the development of an effective treatment. Unfortunately, there are many epilepsy syndromes, specifically pediatric, which still lack a valid animal model. It is vital that more research is done to develop animal models for such syndromes.
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37
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Siebel AM, Piato AL, Capiotti KM, Seibt KJ, Bogo MR, Bonan CD. PTZ-induced seizures inhibit adenosine deamination in adult zebrafish brain membranes. Brain Res Bull 2011; 86:385-9. [PMID: 21907764 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine exerts neuromodulatory functions with mostly inhibitory effects, being considered an endogenous anticonvulsant. The hydrolysis of ATP by ectonucleotidases is an important source of adenosine, and adenosine deaminase (ADA) contributes to the regulation of this nucleoside concentration through its deamination. In this study, we tested the effect of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures on ectonucleotidase and ADA activities in adult zebrafish brain. Our results have demonstrated that PTZ treatments did not alter ectonucleotidase and ADA activities in membranes and soluble fraction, respectively. However, ecto-ADA activity was significantly decreased in brain membranes of animals exposed to 5mM and 15 mM PTZ treatments (22.4% and 29.5%, respectively) when compared to the control group. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis did not show significant changes after the PTZ exposure on ADA gene expression. The decreased adenosine deamination observed in this study suggests a modulation of extracellular adenosine levels during PTZ-induced seizures in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Siebel
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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38
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Zellner D, Padnos B, Hunter DL, MacPhail RC, Padilla S. Rearing conditions differentially affect the locomotor behavior of larval zebrafish, but not their response to valproate-induced developmental neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2011; 33:674-9. [PMID: 21767635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are widely used in developmental research, but still not much is known about the role of the environment in their development. Zebrafish are a highly social organism; thus exposure to, or isolation from, social environments may have profound developmental effects. Details of rearing conditions are often sparse in the zebrafish literature. This study compared (1) the activity of larval zebrafish that were raised individually vs in groups, and (2) the effect of the developmental neurotoxicant valproate. We randomly assigned embryos to single- or group-reared social environments from 0 to 5days post fertilization (dpf), while treating them with or without valproate (final concentration 48μM) from 0 to 2dpf, resulting in a total of four groups (group control, group treated, single control, single treated). At 5dpf all embryos were transferred to singly-housed environments where they remained for locomotor activity testing (alternating periods of light and dark) conducted on day 6. Larvae that had been reared in groups had higher levels of activity in the dark period compared to larvae that had been raised individually. Valproate increased activity in both the singly-reared and group-reared larvae during periods of darkness but not light. Further analyses of dark activity indicated that rearing condition did not differentially affect larval responses to valproate. These results indicate that rearing conditions affected the locomotion of zebrafish larvae, but did not alter the effect of the developmental neurotoxicant valproate.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zellner
- Department of Psychology, Meredith College, Raleigh, NC, United States
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39
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Brennan CH. Zebrafish behavioural assays of translational relevance for the study of psychiatric disease. Rev Neurosci 2011; 22:37-48. [PMID: 21615260 DOI: 10.1515/rns.2011.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the pathogenesis of the complex behavioural disorders that constitute psychiatric disease is a major challenge for biomedical research. Assays in rodents have contributed significantly to our understanding of the neural basis of behavioural disorders and continue to be one of the main focuses for the development of novel therapeutics. Now, owing to their genetic tractability and optical transparency (allowing in vivo imaging of circuit function) and the rapid expansion of genetic tools, zebrafish are becoming increasingly popular for behavioural genetic research. The increased development of behavioural assays in zebrafish raises the possibility of exploiting the advantages of this system to identify molecular mechanisms contributing to behavioural phenotypes associated with psychiatric disorders as well as potential therapeutics. This mini-review describes behavioural paradigms in zebrafish that can be used to address endophenotypes associated with psychiatric disease. The content reflects the interests of the author and covers tests of cognitive functions, response choice and inhibition, social interaction and executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline H Brennan
- Queen Mary University of London, Biological and Experimental Psychology Group, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Mile End, London E1 4NS, UK.
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40
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Pineda R, Beattie CE, Hall CW. Recording the adult zebrafish cerebral field potential during pentylenetetrazole seizures. J Neurosci Methods 2011; 200:20-8. [PMID: 21689682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the zebrafish is increasingly used as a model organism to study epilepsy, no standard electrophysiological technique for recording electrographic seizures in adult fish exists. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a readily implementable technique for recording pentylenetetrazole seizures in the adult zebrafish. We find that we can consistently record a high quality field potential over the zebrafish cerebrum using an amplification of 5000V/V and bandpass filtering at corner frequencies of 1.6 and 16Hz. The cerebral field potential recordings show consistent features in the baseline, pre-seizure, seizure and post-seizure time periods that can be easily recognized by visual inspection as is the case with human and rodent electroencephalogram. Furthermore, numerical analysis of the field potential at the time of seizure onset reveals an increase in the total power, bandwidth and peak frequency in the power spectrum, as is also the case with human and rodent electroencephalogram. The techniques presented herein stand to advance the utility of the adult zebrafish in the study of epilepsy by affording an equivalent to the electroencephalogram used in mammalian models and human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pineda
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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41
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Gaikwad S, Stewart A, Hart P, Wong K, Piet V, Cachat J, Kalueff AV. Acute stress disrupts performance of zebrafish in the cued and spatial memory tests: The utility of fish models to study stress–memory interplay. Behav Processes 2011; 87:224-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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42
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Richetti S, Blank M, Capiotti K, Piato A, Bogo M, Vianna M, Bonan C. Quercetin and rutin prevent scopolamine-induced memory impairment in zebrafish. Behav Brain Res 2011; 217:10-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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