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Liu J, Zhang B, Cui Y, Song H, Shang D. In vitro co-culture models for studying organoids-macrophages interaction: the golden technology of cancer immunotherapy. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:3222-3240. [PMID: 39113861 PMCID: PMC11301299 DOI: 10.62347/bqfh7352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, as the largest immune cell group in tumour tissues, play a crucial role in influencing various malignant behaviours of tumour cells and tumour immune evasion. As the research on macrophages and cancer immunotherapy develops, the importance of appropriate research models becomes increasingly evident. The development of organoids has bridged the gap between traditional two-dimensional (2D) cultures and animal experiments. Recent studies have demonstrated that organoids exhibit similar physiological characteristics to the source tissue and closely resemble the in vivo genome and molecular markers of the source tissue or organ. However, organoids still lack an immune component. Developing a co-culture model of organoids and macrophages is crucial for studying the interaction and mechanisms between tumour cells and macrophages. This paper presents an overview of the establishment of co-culture models, the current research status of organoid macrophage interactions, and the current status of immunotherapy. In addition, the application prospects and shortcomings of the model are explained. Ultimately, it is hoped that the co-culture model will offer a preclinical testing platform for maximising a precise cancer immunotherapy strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yuying Cui
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Huiyi Song
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Dong Shang
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, Liaoning, PR China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, Liaoning, PR China
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2
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Senrung A, Tripathi T, Aggarwal N, Janjua D, Yadav J, Chaudhary A, Chhokar A, Joshi U, Bharti AC. Phytochemicals Showing Antiangiogenic Effect in Pre-clinical Models and their Potential as an Alternative to Existing Therapeutics. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:259-300. [PMID: 37867279 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266264349231016094456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from a pre-existing vascular network, is an important hallmark of several pathological conditions, such as tumor growth and metastasis, proliferative retinopathies, including proliferative diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and endometriosis. Putting a halt to pathology-driven angiogenesis is considered an important therapeutic strategy to slow down or reduce the severity of pathological disorders. Considering the attrition rate of synthetic antiangiogenic compounds from the lab to reaching the market due to severe side effects, several compounds of natural origin are being explored for their antiangiogenic properties. Employing pre-clinical models for the evaluation of novel antiangiogenic compounds is a promising strategy for rapid screening of antiangiogenic compounds. These studies use a spectrum of angiogenic model systems that include HUVEC two-dimensional culture, nude mice, chick chorioallantoic membrane, transgenic zebrafish, and dorsal aorta from rats and chicks, depending upon available resources. The present article emphasizes the antiangiogenic activity of the phytochemicals shown to exhibit antiangiogenic behavior in these well-defined existing angiogenic models and highlights key molecular targets. Different models help to get a quick understanding of the efficacy and therapeutics mechanism of emerging lead molecules. The inherent variability in assays and corresponding different phytochemicals tested in each study prevent their immediate utilization in clinical studies. This review will discuss phytochemicals discovered using suitable preclinical antiangiogenic models, along with a special mention of leads that have entered clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Senrung
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
- Neuropharmacology and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tanya Tripathi
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Nikita Aggarwal
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Divya Janjua
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Joni Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Apoorva Chaudhary
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Arun Chhokar
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
- Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Udit Joshi
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Alok Chandra Bharti
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
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3
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Lie KCM, Bonturi CR, Salu BR, de Oliveira JR, Bonini Galo M, Paiva PMG, Correia MTDS, Oliva MLV. Impairment of SK-MEL-28 Development-A Human Melanoma Cell Line-By the Crataeva tapia Bark Lectin and Its Sequence-Derived Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10617. [PMID: 37445794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is difficult to treat with chemotherapy, prompting the need for new treatments. Protease inhibitors have emerged as promising candidates as tumor cell proteases promote metastasis. Researchers have developed a chimeric form of the Bauhinia bauhinioides kallikrein inhibitor, rBbKIm, which has shown negative effects on prostate tumor cell lines DU145 and PC3. Crataeva tapia bark lectin, CrataBL, targets sulfated oligosaccharides in glycosylated proteins and has also demonstrated deleterious effects on prostate and glioblastoma tumor cells. However, neither rBbKIm nor its derived peptides affected the viability of SK-MEL-28, a melanoma cell line, while CrataBL decreased viability by over 60%. Two peptides, Pep. 26 (Ac-Q-N-S-S-L-K-V-V-P-L-NH2) and Pep. 27 (Ac-L-P-V-V-K-L-S-S-N-Q-NH2), were also tested. Pep. 27 suppressed cell migration and induced apoptosis when combined with vemurafenib, while Pep. 26 inhibited cell migration and reduced nitric oxide and the number of viable cells. Vemurafenib, a chemotherapy drug used to treat melanoma, was found to decrease the release of interleukin 8 and PDGF-AB/BB cytokines and potentiated the effects of proteins and peptides in reducing these cytokines. These findings suggest that protease inhibitors may be effective in blocking melanoma cells and highlight the potential of CrataBL and its derived peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camila Ramalho Bonturi
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Bruno Ramos Salu
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia Bonini Galo
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
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4
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Fan S, Yan Y, Xia Y, Zhou Z, Luo L, Zhu M, Han Y, Yao D, Zhang L, Fang M, Peng L, Yu J, Liu Y, Gao X, Guan H, Li H, Wang C, Wu X, Zhu H, Cao Y, Huang C. Pregnane X receptor agonist nomilin extends lifespan and healthspan in preclinical models through detoxification functions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3368. [PMID: 37291126 PMCID: PMC10250385 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruit has long been considered a healthy food, but its role and detailed mechanism in lifespan extension are not clear. Here, by using the nematode C. elegans, we identified that nomilin, a bitter-taste limoloid that is enriched in citrus, significantly extended the animals' lifespan, healthspan, and toxin resistance. Further analyses indicate that this ageing inhibiting activity depended on the insulin-like pathway DAF-2/DAF-16 and nuclear hormone receptors NHR-8/DAF-12. Moreover, the human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) was identified as the mammalian counterpart of NHR-8/DAF-12 and X-ray crystallography showed that nomilin directly binds with hPXR. The hPXR mutations that prevented nomilin binding blocked the activity of nomilin both in mammalian cells and in C. elegans. Finally, dietary nomilin supplementation improved healthspan and lifespan in D-galactose- and doxorubicin-induced senescent mice as well as in male senescence accelerated mice prone 8 (SAMP8) mice, and induced a longevity gene signature similar to that of most longevity interventions in the liver of bile-duct-ligation male mice. Taken together, we identified that nomilin may extend lifespan and healthspan in animals via the activation of PXR mediated detoxification functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yingxuan Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 115 Jinzun Road, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lingling Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Mengnan Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science; Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongli Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Deqiang Yao
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Minglv Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lina Peng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science; Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huida Guan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hongli Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huanhu Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 115 Jinzun Road, Shanghai, 200125, China.
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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5
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Zhou Z, Yan Y, Li H, Feng Y, Huang C, Fan S. Nomilin and Its Analogues in Citrus Fruits: A Review of Its Health Promotion Effects and Potential Application in Medicine. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010269. [PMID: 36615463 PMCID: PMC9822165 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nomilin is one of the major limonoids, which are plant secondary metabolites also known as tetranortriterpenoids. Nomilin is found mostly in common edible citrus fruits including lemons, limes, oranges, grapefruits, mandarins, along with traditional Chinese medicines derived from citrus fruits, such as tangerine seed, tangerine peel, fructus aurantii immaturus, etc. A number of studies have demonstrated that nomilin and its analogues exhibit a variety of biological and pharmacological activities. These include anti-cancer, immune-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-viral, anti-osteoclastogenic, anti-oxidant, and neuro-protective effects. Thus, nomilin and its analogues have emerged as a potential therapy for human diseases. The purpose of this review is to chronicle the evolution of nomilin research from examining its history, structure, occurrence, to its pharmacological and disease-preventing properties as well as its potential utilization in medicine and food science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cheng Huang
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (S.F.); Tel.: +86-21-51323194 (C.H.); Fax: 86-21-51322192 (C.H.)
| | - Shengjie Fan
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (S.F.); Tel.: +86-21-51323194 (C.H.); Fax: 86-21-51322192 (C.H.)
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6
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Zhang Z, Costa M. p62 functions as a signal hub in metal carcinogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:267-278. [PMID: 33894381 PMCID: PMC9161642 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A number of metals are toxic and carcinogenic to humans. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in metal carcinogenesis. Oxidative stress acts as the converging point among various stressors with ROS being the main intracellular signal transducer. In metal-transformed cells, persistent expression of p62 and erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) result in apoptosis resistance, angiogenesis, inflammatory microenvironment, and metabolic reprogramming, contributing to overall mechanism of metal carcinogenesis. Autophagy, a conserved intracellular process, maintains cellular homeostasis by facilitating the turnover of protein aggregates, cellular debris, and damaged organelles. In addition to being a substrate of autophagy, p62 is also a crucial molecule in a myriad of cellular functions and in molecular events, which include oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, cell proliferation, metabolic reprogramming, that modulate cell survival and tumor growth. The multiple functions of p62 are appreciated by its ability to interact with several key components involved in various oncogenic pathways. This review summarizes the current knowledge and progress in studies of p62 and metal carcinogenesis with emphasis on oncogenic pathways related to oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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7
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El Bakary NM, Alsharkawy AZ, Shouaib ZA, Barakat EMS. Role of Bee Venom and Melittin on Restraining Angiogenesis and Metastasis in γ-Irradiated Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma-Bearing Mice. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 19:1534735420944476. [PMID: 32735464 PMCID: PMC7401046 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420944476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological angiogenesis and apoptosis evasion are common hallmarks of cancer. The present work was an endeavor to evaluate the influence of bee venom (BV) or its major constituent melittin (MEL) as antiapoptotic and angiogenic regulator modifier on the tumor growth and the cell sensitivity to ionizing radiation targeting the improvement of cancer therapeutic protocols. BV (0.56 mg/kg/day) and MEL (500 µg/kg body weight/day) were injected intraperitoneally to mice bearing 1 cm3 solid tumor of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) for 21 consecutive days. Mice were whole-body exposed to 1 Gray (Gy) of γ-radiation (2 fractionated doses). Treatment with BV or MEL markedly suppresses the proliferation of tumor in EAC mice. The concentrations of m-RNA for angiogenic factors (TNF-α, VEGF) as well as MMPs 2 and 9 activities and NO concentration were significantly decreased, combined with improvements in apoptotic regulators (caspase-3 activity) and normal cells redox tone (catalase and free radicals content) compared with EAC mice. Moreover, the histopathological investigation confirms the improvement exerted by BV or MEL in the EAC mice group or EAC + R group. Exposure to γ-radiation sustained the modulatory effect of BV on tumor when compared with EAC + BV mice. Convincingly, the role of BV or MEL as a natural antiangiogenic in the biological sequelae after radiation exposure is verified. Hence, BV and its major constituent MEL might represent a potential therapeutic strategy for increasing the radiation response of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen M El Bakary
- National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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8
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Hafez EN, Moawed FSM, Abdel-Hamid GR, Elbakary NM. Gamma Radiation-Attenuated Toxoplasma gondii Provokes Apoptosis in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma-Bearing Mice Generating Long-Lasting Immunity. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 19:1533033820926593. [PMID: 32567499 PMCID: PMC7309383 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820926593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Pathological angiogenesis and apoptosis evasions are common hallmarks of cancer. A different approach to the antitumor effect of parasitic diseases caused by certain protozoans and helminthes had been adopted in recent years as they can affect many cancer characteristics. The present work is an attempt to assess the effect of gamma radiation-attenuated Toxoplasma gondii ME49 as an antiapoptotic and angiogenic regulator modifier on tumor growth aimed at improving cancer protective protocols. Methods: Attenuated Toxoplasma gondii ME49 was administered orally to mice 2 weeks before inoculation with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma to allow stimulation of the immune response. Hepatic histopathology and immune responses were determined for each group. Results: Marked suppression of the tumor proliferation with induction of long-lasting immunity by stimulating interferon γ and downregulating transforming growth factor β. The level of tumor promoting inflammatory markers (STAT-3 and tumor necrosis factor α), the angiogenic factors (vascular endothelial growth factor A, integrin, and matrix metallopeptidase 2 and matrix metallopeptidase 9), as well as nitric oxide concentration were significantly decreased. This was collimated with an improvement in apoptotic regulators (cytochrome-c, Bax, Bak, and caspase 3) in liver tissues of vaccinated mice group compared to Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing one. Moreover, the histopathological investigations confirmed this improvement. Conclusion: Hence, there is an evidence of potency of radiation attenuated Toxoplasma vaccine in immune activation and targeting tumor cell that can be used as a prophylactic or an adjuvant in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman N Hafez
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT)-Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma S M Moawed
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT)-Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gehan R Abdel-Hamid
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen M Elbakary
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy authority, Cairo, Egypt
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9
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Ren Y, Kinghorn AD. Development of Potential Antitumor Agents from the Scaffolds of Plant-Derived Terpenoid Lactones. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15410-15448. [PMID: 33289552 PMCID: PMC7812702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring terpenoid lactones and their synthetic derivatives have attracted increasing interest for their promising antitumor activity and potential utilization in the discovery and design of new antitumor agents. In the present perspective article, selected plant-derived five-membered γ-lactones and six-membered δ-lactones that occur with terpenoid scaffolds are reviewed, with their structures, cancer cell line cytotoxicity and in vivo antitumor activity, structure-activity relationships, mechanism of action, and the potential for developing cancer chemotherapeutic agents discussed in each case. The compounds presented include artemisinin (ART, 1), parthenolide (PTL, 2), thapsigargin (TPG, 3), andrographolide (AGL, 4), ginkgolide B (GKL B, 5), jolkinolide B (JKL B, 6), nagilactone E (NGL E, 7), triptolide (TPL, 8), bruceantin (BRC, 9), dichapetalin A (DCT A, 10), and limonin (LMN, 11), and their naturally occurring analogues and synthetic derivatives. It is hoped that this contribution will be supportive of the future development of additional efficacious anticancer agents derived from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Ren
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - A. Douglas Kinghorn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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10
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Sudachinoid- and Ichangensin-Type Limonoids from Citrus junos Downregulate Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186963. [PMID: 32971925 PMCID: PMC7555237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Limonoids, a dominant group of phytochemicals in the Rutaceae family, are known to exhibit several pharmacological activities. To identify natural products having efficacy against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we isolated 13 limonoids including a new compound, methyl sudachinoid A, from the seeds of Citrus junos and investigated their anti-inflammatory effects by assessing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages and HT-29 human colon epithelial cells. Our findings revealed that limonoids significantly downregulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, and nuclear transcription factor κB. In particular, sudachinoid-type compounds, methyl sudachinoid A and sudachinoid B, and ichangensin-type compound, 1-O-methyichangensin downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines more potently than other limonoids, nomilin and limonin, which have been previously reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory activities in other cells; nomilin and limonin were therefore employed as positive controls in this study. Herein, we reveal that the anti-inflammatory activities of limonoids including a new compound methyl sudachinoid A from C. junos were mediated via the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and these limonoids can be employed as potential therapeutic phytochemicals for IBD.
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11
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Xue X, Xue J, Hu W, Shi F, Yang Y. Nomilin targets the Keap1-Nrf2 signalling and ameliorates the development of osteoarthritis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8579-8588. [PMID: 32564468 PMCID: PMC7412705 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a long-term and inflammatory disorder featured by cartilage erosion. Here, we describe nomilin (NOM), a triterpenoid with inflammation modulatory properties in variety of disorders. In this study, we demonstrated the latent mechanism of NOM in alleviating the progress of OA both in vitro and in vivo studies. The results showed that NOM pre-treatment suppressed the IL-1β-induced over-regulation of pro-inflammation factors, such as NO, IL-6, PGE2 , iNOS, TNF-α and COX-2. Moreover, NOM also down-regulates the degradation of ECM induced by IL-1β. Mechanistically, the NOM suppressed NF-κB signalling via disassociation of Keap1-Nrf2 in chondrocytes. Furthermore, NOM delays the disease progression in the mouse OA model. To sum up, this research indicated NOM possessed a new potential therapeutic option in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing‐He Xue
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhouChina
- The Second School of MedicineWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Ji‐Xin Xue
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhouChina
- The Second School of MedicineWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhouChina
- The Second School of MedicineWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Fang‐Ling Shi
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhouChina
- The Second School of MedicineWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhouChina
- The Second School of MedicineWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
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12
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Hoseinkhani Z, Norooznezhad F, Rastegari-Pouyani M, Mansouri K. Medicinal Plants Extracts with Antiangiogenic Activity: Where Is the Link? Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 10:370-378. [PMID: 32665895 PMCID: PMC7335987 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2020.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a strictly controlled process defined as the formation of new blood vessels essential for certain physiologic and pathologic conditions where the latter includes tumor growth, development, and metastasis. Thus, inhibiting angiogenesis along with other anticancer strategies such as chemotherapy seems to be invaluable for reaching an optimal outcome in cancer patients. It has been shown that some natural plant-derived compounds are capable of preventing the formation of these new blood vessels in the tumor and also inhibit the proliferation and growth of the cancer cells. In this review, we intend to introduce plants with anti-angiogenic properties and discuss their related features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Hoseinkhani
- Medical Biology Research Center Medical Sciences, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fathemeh Norooznezhad
- Medical Biology Research Center Medical Sciences, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rastegari-Pouyani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center Medical Sciences, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah, Iran
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Bautista GFM, Vidallon MLP, Salamanez KC, Rodriguez EB. Nanodelivery system based on zein-alginate complexes enhances in vitro chemopreventive activity and bioavailability of pomelo [Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.] seed limonoids. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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14
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Batista FP, de Aguiar RB, Sumikawa JT, Lobo YA, Bonturi CR, Ferreira RDS, Andrade SS, Guedes Paiva PM, dos Santos Correia MT, Vicente CM, Toma L, Sampaio MU, Paschoalin T, Girão MJBC, de Moraes JZ, de Paula CAA, Oliva MLV. Crataeva tapia bark lectin (CrataBL) is a chemoattractant for endothelial cells that targets heparan sulfate and promotes in vitro angiogenesis. Biochimie 2019; 166:173-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Bai Y, Zheng Y, Pang W, Peng W, Wu H, Yao H, Li P, Deng W, Cheng J, Su W. Identification and Comparison of Constituents of Aurantii Fructus and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus by UFLC-DAD-Triple TOF-MS/MS. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040803. [PMID: 29601542 PMCID: PMC6017871 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Aurantii Fructus (AF) and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (AFI) are both the fruits of the same rutaceae plant at different stages of growth, they exert similar yet distinct clinical effects. The chemical composition is crucial for quality control as well as therapeutic application. To address this concern, it is significant to evaluate the similarities and differences of the constituents in both AF and AFI. The extract of AF and AFI were comprehensively analyzed by ultra fast liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector-triple-time of flight-tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-DAD-Triple TOF-MS/MS). Among the 40 compounds detected, 19 metabolites were detected in both the AF and AFI; whereas 13 compounds were only detected in AF and five constituents were exclusively detected in AFI. In particular, even in AFI, three compounds were only identified in AFI (Citrus aurantium' L. and its cultivar). Among the 18 compounds confirmed by standard database, 13 compounds were reported in AF and AFI for the first time. Furthermore, the distinction was also revealed by the content of naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, and synephrine. The study directly contributed to the similarities and differences of AF and AFI. Herein, similarities and the differences in chemical profiles of AF and AFI could explain the current clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Yuying Zheng
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Wenjing Pang
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Wei Peng
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Hongliang Yao
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Panlin Li
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Wen Deng
- Key Laboratory of Ultrafine Granular Powder of Herbal Medicine technology and Application of state Administration, Zhongshan 528437, China.
| | - Jinle Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Ultrafine Granular Powder of Herbal Medicine technology and Application of state Administration, Zhongshan 528437, China.
| | - Weiwei Su
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Li JP, Zhao FL, Yuan Y, Sun TT, Zhu L, Zhang WY, Liu MX. Studies on anti-angiogenesis of ginsenoside structure modification HRG in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 492:391-396. [PMID: 28847727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the anti-angiogenic effect of 3β, 12β, 20(S)-trihydroxy dammarane-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl(1-2)-β-d-glucopyranoside(HRG), a new chemical compound obtained by structure modification on Ginseng saponins Rg3, associated with the regulation of matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs) and its upstream signal-regulated molecule of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor(b-FGF) in vitro, which plays an critical role in angiogenesis during the process of carcinoma. In our study, to investigate the anti-angiogenesis effect of HRG in HUVECs, we utilized cell proliferation assay, tube formation assay, wound-healing assay, Semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR, and Western blot assay. Our results demonstrated that HRG plays a major role in the regulation of proliferation, migration and tube formation of HUVECs by suppressing the expression of VEGF and b-FGF in both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In addition, the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, which were related to the ECM degradation, were down-regulated after administration of HRG as well. Overall, our results revealed that HRG strongly inhibited the process of angiogenesis and shows better effectiveness than Rg3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ping Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Feng-Li Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting-Ting Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-You Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mo-Xiang Liu
- Institute of Drug Research, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, China
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Ren W, Xin SK, Han LY, Zuo R, Li Y, Gong MX, Wei XL, Zhou YY, He J, Wang HJ, Si N, Zhao HY, Yang J, Bian BL. Comparative metabolism of four limonoids in human liver microsomes using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:2045-2056. [PMID: 26443405 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Limonoids, characterized by a triterpenoid skeleton with a furan ring, are unique secondary metabolites widely distributed in the families of Rutaceae, particularly in Citrus species and Meliaceae. Studies on health benefits have demonstrated that limonoids have a range of biological activities. Dietary intake of citrus limonoids may provide a protective effect against the onset of various cancers and other xenobiotic related diseases. However, few studies about the metabolic profiles of limonoids have been carried out. METHODS The objectives of this study were to investigate the metabolic profiles of four limonoids (limonin, obacunone, nominin and gedunin) in human liver microsomes (HLMs) using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC/HRMS) and to identify the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes involved in the formation of their metabolites by recombinant human CYP enzymes. RESULTS Based on the accurate HR-MS/MS spectra and the proposed MS/MS fragmentation pathways, four metabolites of limonin (M1-1, M1-2, M1-3 and M1-4), eight metabolites ofobacunone (M2-1, M2-2, M2-3, M2-4, M2-5, M2-6, M2-7 and M2-8), six metabolites of nominin (M3-1, M3-2, M3-3, M3-4, M3-5 and M3-6) and three metabolites of gedunin (M4-1, M4-2 and M4-3) in HLMs were tentatively identified and the involved CYPs were investigated. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that reduction at C-7 and C-16, hydroxylation and reaction of glycine with reduction limonoids were the major metabolic pathways of limonoids in HLMs. Among them, glycination with reduction was the unique metabolic process of limonoids observed for the first time. CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 played an important role in the isomerization and glycination of limonoids in HLMs, whereas other CYP isoforms were considerably less active. The results might help to understand the metabolic process of limonoids in vitro such as the unidentified metabolites of limonin glucoside observed in the medium of microbes and the biotransformation of limonin in juices. Moreover, it would be beneficial for us to further study the pharmacokinetic behavior of limonoids in vivo systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ren
- Capital Medical University School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Shao-Kun Xin
- Capital Medical University School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ling-Yu Han
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ran Zuo
- Li Kang Hospital, Beijing, 102609, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Mu-Xing Gong
- Capital Medical University School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Wei
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jing He
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hong-Jie Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Nan Si
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hai-Yu Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Bao-Lin Bian
- Capital Medical University School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100069, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
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Pratheeshkumar P, Son YO, Divya SP, Roy RV, Hitron JA, Wang L, Kim D, Dai J, Asha P, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Shi X. Luteolin inhibits Cr(VI)-induced malignant cell transformation of human lung epithelial cells by targeting ROS mediated multiple cell signaling pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 281:230-41. [PMID: 25448439 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a well-known human carcinogen associated with the incidence of lung cancer. Inhibition of metal induced carcinogenesis by a dietary antioxidant is a novel approach. Luteolin, a natural dietary flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables, possesses potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. We found that short term exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) to Cr(VI) (5μM) showed a drastic increase in ROS generation, NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione depletion, which were significantly inhibited by the treatment with luteolin in a dose dependent manner. Treatment with luteolin decreased AP-1, HIF-1α, COX-2, and iNOS promoter activity induced by Cr(VI) in BEAS-2B cells. In addition, luteolin protected BEAS-2B cells from malignant transformation induced by chronic Cr(VI) exposure. Moreover, luteolin also inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) and VEGF in chronic Cr(VI) exposed BEAS-2B cells. Western blot analysis showed that luteolin inhibited multiple gene products linked to survival (Akt, Fak, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL), inflammation (MAPK, NF-κB, COX-2, STAT-3, iNOS, TNF-α) and angiogenesis (HIF-1α, VEGF, MMP-9) in chronic Cr(VI) exposed BEAS-2B cells. Nude mice injected with BEAS-2B cells chronically exposed to Cr(VI) in the presence of luteolin showed reduced tumor incidence compared to Cr(VI) alone treated group. Overexpression of catalase (CAT) or SOD2, eliminated Cr(VI)-induced malignant transformation. Overall, our results indicate that luteolin protects BEAS-2B cells from Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis by scavenging ROS and modulating multiple cell signaling mechanisms that are linked to ROS. Luteolin, therefore, serves as a potential chemopreventive agent against Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Sasidharan Padmaja Divya
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Ram Vinod Roy
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - John Andrew Hitron
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Donghern Kim
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jin Dai
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Padmaja Asha
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, India
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Li X, Kong X, Wang Y, Yang Q. 53BP1 is a novel regulator of angiogenesis in breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2013; 104:1420-6. [PMID: 23910218 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we found that 53BP1 was a tumor suppressor and was associated with prognosis in breast cancer. However, little is known about its role in angiogenesis. In the present study, we aimed to reveal the role of 53BP1 in angiogenesis of breast cancer. With RNA interference and ectopic expression strategies to elucidate the detailed function of 53BP1 in angiogenesis, we observed that ectopic expression of 53BP1 inhibited cellular angiogenesis and 53BP1 RNA interference led to an increase in angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. In clinical breast cancer samples, 53BP1 was inversely correlated with CD31, MMP-2 and MMP-9 by immunohistochemistry analysis. Furthermore, we showed that the Akt pathway was involved in the antiangiogenesis function of 53BP1. Overall, our findings demonstrate that 53BP1 plays a vital role in inhibiting angiogenesis. These findings suggest that 53BP1 might provide a viable target therapy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
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20
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Pratheeshkumar P, Son YO, Budhraja A, Wang X, Ding S, Wang L, Hitron A, Lee JC, Kim D, Divya SP, Chen G, Zhang Z, Luo J, Shi X. Luteolin inhibits human prostate tumor growth by suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2-mediated angiogenesis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52279. [PMID: 23300633 PMCID: PMC3534088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vascular beds, is essential for tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Luteolin is a common dietary flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables. We studied the antiangiogenic activity of luteolin using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models. In vitro studies using rat aortic ring assay showed that luteolin at non-toxic concentrations significantly inhibited microvessel sprouting and proliferation, migration, invasion and tube formation of endothelial cells, which are key events in the process of angiogenesis. Luteolin also inhibited ex vivo angiogenesis as revealed by chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane assay (CAM) and matrigel plug assay. Gelatin zymographic analysis demonstrated the inhibitory effect of luteolin on the activation of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9. Western blot analysis showed that luteolin suppressed VEGF induced phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 and their downstream protein kinases AKT, ERK, mTOR, P70S6K, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in HUVECs. Proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α level were significantly reduced by the treatment of luteolin in PC-3 cells. Luteolin (10 mg/kg/d) significantly reduced the volume and the weight of solid tumors in prostate xenograft mouse model, indicating that luteolin inhibited tumorigenesis by targeting angiogenesis. CD31 and CD34 immunohistochemical staining further revealed that the microvessel density could be remarkably suppressed by luteolin. Moreover, luteolin reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells, which were correlated with the downregulation of AKT, ERK, mTOR, P70S6K, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expressions. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that luteolin inhibits human prostate tumor growth by suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2-mediated angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Amit Budhraja
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Xin Wang
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Songze Ding
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Lei Wang
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Andrew Hitron
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jeong-Chae Lee
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Donghern Kim
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Sasidharan Padmaja Divya
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, India
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
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Zhu J, Li X, Kong X, Moran MS, Su P, Haffty BG, Yang Q. Testin is a tumor suppressor and prognostic marker in breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:2092-101. [PMID: 22957844 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The testin (TES) gene was previously identified in the fragile chromosomal region FRA7G at 7q31.2. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the candidate tumor suppressor function of TES and explore its correlations to clinicopathologic features and prognosis in breast cancer. In clinical samples, we showed that the expression of TES decreased gradually from normal through ductal hyperplasia without atypia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, and ductal carcinoma in situ, to invasive ductal carcinoma. To explore the possible tumor suppressing function of TES, the expression of TES in breast cancer cells was manipulated by ectopic expression or by RNAi. We revealed that ectopic TES expression significantly inhibited cell proliferation, invasive ability, and angiogenesis, whereas knockdown of TES by RNAi enhanced cell proliferation, invasive ability, and angiogenesis. In an animal model, TES markedly inhibited breast cancer cell xenograft formation in athymic nude mice and reduced breast cancer cell metastasis to lung. Moreover, we revealed that TES inhibited the invasion and angiogenesis of breast cancer partially through miR-29b-mediated MMP-2 inhibition. Using the tissue microarray of breast cancer from Yale University, we found that lower TES expression was an independent prognostic factor for shorter overall survival and disease-free survival with univariate and multivariate analyses. Taken together, these data suggest that TES, as a valuable marker of breast cancer prognosis, plays an important role in the development and progression of breast cancer. TES may be an effective novel target in breast cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Pratheeshkumar P, Budhraja A, Son YO, Wang X, Zhang Z, Ding S, Wang L, Hitron A, Lee JC, Xu M, Chen G, Luo J, Shi X. Quercetin inhibits angiogenesis mediated human prostate tumor growth by targeting VEGFR- 2 regulated AKT/mTOR/P70S6K signaling pathways. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47516. [PMID: 23094058 PMCID: PMC3475699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a crucial step in the growth and metastasis of cancers, since it enables the growing tumor to receive oxygen and nutrients. Cancer prevention using natural products has become an integral part of cancer control. We studied the antiangiogenic activity of quercetin using ex vivo, in vivo and in vitro models. Rat aortic ring assay showed that quercetin at non-toxic concentrations significantly inhibited microvessel sprouting and exhibited a significant inhibition in the proliferation, migration, invasion and tube formation of endothelial cells, which are key events in the process of angiogenesis. Most importantly, quercetin treatment inhibited ex vivo angiogenesis as revealed by chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane assay (CAM) and matrigel plug assay. Western blot analysis showed that quercetin suppressed VEGF induced phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 and their downstream protein kinases AKT, mTOR, and ribosomal protein S6 kinase in HUVECs. Quercetin (20 mg/kg/d) significantly reduced the volume and the weight of solid tumors in prostate xenograft mouse model, indicating that quercetin inhibited tumorigenesis by targeting angiogenesis. Furthermore, quercetin reduced the cell viability and induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells, which were correlated with the downregulation of AKT, mTOR and P70S6K expressions. Collectively the findings in the present study suggest that quercetin inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis by targeting VEGF-R2 regulated AKT/mTOR/P70S6K signaling pathway, and could be used as a potential drug candidate for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Amit Budhraja
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Xin Wang
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Songze Ding
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Lei Wang
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Andrew Hitron
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jeong-Chae Lee
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Mei Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
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Wang N, Zhu M, Tsao SW, Man K, Zhang Z, Feng Y. Up-regulation of TIMP-1 by genipin inhibits MMP-2 activities and suppresses the metastatic potential of human hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46318. [PMID: 23029478 PMCID: PMC3461024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the Study Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most malignant human cancers with high metastatic potential. The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-metastatic effect of genipin and its underlying mechanism. Experimental Approach The anti-metastatic potential of genipin was evaluated by both cell and animal model. Wound healing and invasion chamber assays were introduced to examine the anti-migration and anti-invasion action of genipin in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell HepG2 and MHCC97L; orthotopical implantation model was used for in vivo evaluation. Gelatin Zymography, Immunoblotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and ELISA assays were used to study the mechanisms underlying genipin’s anti-metastatic effect. Key Results Genipin suppresses the motility and invasiveness of HepG2 and MHCC97L at non-toxic doses, which may be correlated to the inhibition of genipin on MMP-2 activities in the cells. No significant reduced expression of MMP-2 was observed either at mRNA or at protein level. Furthermore, genipin could specifically up-regulate the expression of TIMP-1, the endogenous inhibitor of MMP-2 activities. Silencing of TIMP-1 by RNA interference abolishes genipin’s anti-metastaic effect. Activation of p38 MAPK signaling was observed in genipin-treated cells, which is responsible for the TIMP-1 overexpression and MMP-2 inhibition. Presence of SB202190, the p38 MAPK inhibitor, attenuates the anti-metastatic potential of genipin in hepatocellular carcinoma. Orthotopical implantation model showed that genipin could suppress the intrahepatic metastatic as well as tumor expansion in liver without exhibiting potent toxicity. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated the potential of genipin in suppressing hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis, and p38/TIMP-1/MMP-2 pathway may be involved as the key mechanism of its anti-metastasis effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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