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Luo Q, Wei Y, Lv X, Chen W, Yang D, Tuo Q. The Effect and Mechanism of Oleanolic Acid in the Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome and Related Cardiovascular Diseases. Molecules 2024; 29:758. [PMID: 38398510 PMCID: PMC10892503 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndromes (MetS) and related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose a serious threat to human health. MetS are metabolic disorders characterized by obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which increase the risk of CVDs' initiation and development. Although there are many availabile drugs for treating MetS and related CVDs, some side effects also occur. Considering the low-level side effects, many natural products have been tried to treat MetS and CVDs. A five-cyclic triterpenoid natural product, oleanolic acid (OA), has been reported to have many pharmacologic actions such as anti-hypertension, anti-hyperlipidemia, and liver protection. OA has specific advantages in the treatment of MetS and CVDs. OA achieves therapeutic effects through a variety of pathways, attracting great interest and playing a vital role in the treatment of MetS and CVDs. Consequently, in this article, we aim to review the pharmacological actions and potential mechanisms of OA in treating MetS and related CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanye Luo
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Q.L.); (Y.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Yu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Q.L.); (Y.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Xuzhen Lv
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, The School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China;
| | - Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Q.L.); (Y.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Dongmei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Q.L.); (Y.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Qinhui Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Q.L.); (Y.W.); (W.C.)
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Amelioration of Hypertension by Oryeongsan through Improvements of Body Fluid and Sodium Balance: Roles of the Renin-Angiotensin System and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide System. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9159292. [PMID: 35722149 PMCID: PMC9200506 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9159292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oryeongsan (Wulingsan in China and Goreisan in Japan), a formula composed of five herbal medicines, has long been used for the treatment of imbalance of the body fluid homeostasis in Asian countries. However, the mechanism by which Oryeongsan (ORS) improves the impaired body fluid and salt metabolism is not clearly defined. The present study was performed to define the role of the cardiorenal humoral system in the ORS-induced changes in blood pressure and renal function in hypertension. Experiments were performed in normotensive and two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats. Changes in the fluid and salt balance were measured in rats individually housed in metabolic cages. Changes in the systemic and local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and cardiac natriuretic peptide hormone system (NPS) were evaluated. ORS water extract was administered by oral gavage (100 mg/kg daily) for 3 weeks. ORS induced diuresis and natriuresis along with an increase in glomerular filtration rate and downregulation of the Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) and aquaporin 2 expression in the renal cortex and medulla, respectively. Furthermore, treatment with ORS significantly decreased systolic blood pressure with contraction of body sodium and water accumulation in hypertensive rats. ORS-induced changes were accompanied by modulation of the RAS and NPS, downregulation of the systemic RAS and cardiorenal expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II subtype 1 (AT1) receptor, and upregulation of the plasma ANP concentration and cardiorenal expression of ANP, ACE2, Mas receptor, and AT2 receptor. These findings indicate that ORS induces beneficial effects on the high blood pressure through modulation of the RAS and NPS of the cardiorenal system, suppression of the prohypertensive ACE-AT1 receptor pathway and NHE3, accentuation of the antihypertensive ACE2-Mas axis/AT2 receptor pathway in the kidney, suppression of the systemic RAS, and elevation of the plasma ANP levels and its synthesis in the heart. The present study provides a biological basis for the use of ORS in the treatment of impaired volume and pressure homeostasis.
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Kim HY, Ahn YM, Na SW, Jang YJ, Kang DG, Lee HS, Cho KW. Oryeongsan (Wulingsan) ameliorates impaired ANP secretion of atria from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112433. [PMID: 35062052 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oryeongsan (ORS), a herbal medicine formula, has long been used for the treatment of impaired body water balance in Asian countries. Recently, it was shown that ORS administration modulates the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Purpose of the present study was to determine characteristics of atrial ANP secretion and effects of ORS on the secretion in the atria from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Normotensive WKY groups (WKY-V, WKY-ORS, WKY-LOS) and hypertensive SHR groups (SHR-V, SHR-ORS, SHR-LOS) treated with vehicle, ORS, and losartan as a positive control group, respectively, were used. Experiments were performed in perfused beating atria (1.3 Hz) allowing atrial distension, acetylcholine (ACh) stimulation, and serial collection of atrial perfusates. The secreted ANP concentration was measured using radioimmunoassay. Interstitial fluid (ISF) translocation was measured using [3H]inulin clearance. Stepwise increase in atrial distension by 1.1, 2.0, and 2.7 cmH2O above basal distension further increased ANP secretion proportionally in the atria from WKY-V, but the response was significantly suppressed in the atria from SHR-V. Cardiomyocyte ANP release, the first step of atrial ANP secretion, was suppressed in the atria from SHR-V compared to those from WKY-V (-8.02 ± 2.86, -15.86 ± 2.27, and -20.09 ± 3.62%; n = 8, for SHR-V vs. 8.59 ± 2.81, 15.65 ± 7.14, and 38.12 ± 8.28%; n = 8, for WKY-V; p < 0.001 for all stepwise distension, respectively). Chronic treatment with ORS reversed the suppressed ANP release in atria from SHR-ORS group (6.76 ± 3.92, 9.12 ± 2.85, and 28.79 ± 1.79% for SHR-ORS; n = 5 vs. SHR-V; n = 8; p = 0.01, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). The effects of ORS were comparable to those of losartan. Trans-endocardial translocation of ISF, the second step of atrial ANP secretion was similar in the atria from the hypertensive SHR-V and normotensive WKY-V. ACh-induced ANP secretion and cardiomyocyte ANP release were also suppressed in the atria from SHR-V compared to WKY-V and ORS reversed the suppression. These findings were accompanied with accentuation of the AT1 receptor expression and suppression of the AT2/Mas receptor, M2 mACh receptor and GIRK4, a molecular component of KACh channel, expression in the atria from SHR-V. Further, treatment with ORS or losartan reversed the expressions in the groups of SHR-ORS and SHR-LOS. These results show that ANP secretion is suppressed in the atria from SHR in association with accentuation of AT1 receptor and suppression of AT2/Mas receptor and KACh channel expression. Treatment with ORS ameliorates impaired ANP secretion through improving cardiomyocyte ANP release with modulation of the cardiac RAS and muscarinic signaling. These findings provide experimental evidence which supports the effect of ORS on the regulation of atrial ANP secretion in the atria from SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Yoom Kim
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
| | - You Mee Ahn
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672, Yuseong-daero, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Se Won Na
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youn Jae Jang
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae Gill Kang
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Sub Lee
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung Woo Cho
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
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Protective Effect of Vitis labrusca Leaves Extract on Cardiovascular Dysfunction through HMGB1-TLR4-NFκB Signaling in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103096. [PMID: 33050676 PMCID: PMC7601160 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Vitis labrusca is a grapevine that has antioxidant, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and anticarcinogenic activity. However, the effect of Vitis labrusca leaves on the cardiovascular system is yet to be ascertained. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of Vitis labrusca leaves extract (HP1) on cardiovascular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Experiments were performed in rats and were randomly divided into the following groups: Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY), normal control group; spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), negative control group; SHR + Losa, positive control group (losartan, 10 mg/kg/daily, AT1 receptor blocker) and SHR + HP1 (100 mg/kg/daily). HP1 was orally administered daily for 4 weeks. The HP1 treatment significantly improved blood pressure, electrocardiographic parameters, and echocardiogram parameters compared to hypertensive rats. Additionally, the left ventricular (LV) remodeling and LV dysfunction were significantly improved in HP1-treated hypertensive rats. Furthermore, an increase in fibrotic area has been observed in hypertensive rats compared with WKY. However, administration of HP1 significantly attenuated cardiac fibrosis in hypertensive rats. Moreover, HP1 suppressed the expression of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) induced by hypertensive rats, resulting in improved vascular remodeling. Therefore, these results suggest that HP1 can improve the cardiovascular remodeling in hypertensive rats, and the mechanisms may be related to the suppressive effect of HP1 on HMGB1-TLR4-NFκB signaling in the cardiovascular system. Thus, the protective role of the traditional herbal medicine HP1 may provide new insights into the development of therapeutic drugs on the development of hypertensive cardiovascular dysfunction.
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Sun N, Li D, Chen X, Wu P, Lu YJ, Hou N, Chen WH, Wong WL. New Applications of Oleanolic Acid and its Derivatives as Cardioprotective Agents: A Review of their Therapeutic Perspectives. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:3740-3750. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191105112802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid is an analogue of pentacyclic triterpenoids. It has been used as a hepatic drug for over
20 years in China. Currently, there are only five approved drugs derived from pentacyclic triterpenoids, including
oleanolic acid (liver diseases), asiaticoside (wound healing), glycyrrhizinate (liver diseases), isoglycyrrhizinate
(liver disease) and sodium aescinate (hydrocephalus). To understand more about the bioactivity and functional
mechanisms of oleanolic acid, it can be developed as a potent therapeutic agent, in particular, for the prevention
and treatment of heart diseases that are the leading cause of death for people worldwide. The primary aim of this
mini-review is to summarize the new applications of oleanolic acid and its derivatives as cardioprotective agents
reported in recent years and to highlight their therapeutic perspectives in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Yu-Jing Lu
- Goldenhealth Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Ning Hou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Wen-Hua Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Wing-Leung Wong
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Fernández-Aparicio Á, Schmidt-RioValle J, Perona JS, Correa-Rodríguez M, Castellano JM, González-Jiménez E. Potential Protective Effect of Oleanolic Acid on the Components of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091294. [PMID: 31450844 PMCID: PMC6780804 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of obesity is a serious public health problem in today’s world. Both obesity and insulin resistance favor the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is associated with a number of pathologies, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. This serious problem highlights the need to search for new natural compounds to be employed in therapeutic and preventive strategies, such as oleanolic acid (OA). This research aimed to systematically review the effects of OA on the main components of MetS as well as oxidative stress in clinical trials and experimental animal studies. Databases searched included PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane, and CINAHL from 2013 to 2019. Thus, both animal studies (n = 23) and human clinical trials (n = 1) were included in our review to assess the effects of OA formulations on parameters concerning insulin resistance and the MetS components. The methodological quality assessment was performed through using the SYRCLE’s Risk of Bias for animal studies and the Jadad scale. According to the studies in our review, OA improves blood pressure levels, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. Although there is scientific evidence that OA has beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of MetS and insulin resistance, more experimental studies and randomized clinical trials are needed to guarantee its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Fernández-Aparicio
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Ilustración, 60, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Jacqueline Schmidt-RioValle
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Ilustración, 60, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Javier S Perona
- Instituto de la Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Campus University Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - María Correa-Rodríguez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Ilustración, 60, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Jose M Castellano
- Instituto de la Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Campus University Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Emilio González-Jiménez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Ilustración, 60, 18016 Granada, Spain
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Tan R, Ahn YM, Kim HY, Lee YJ, Cho KW, Kang DG, Lee HS. Atrial secretion of ANP is suppressed in renovascular hypertension: shifting of ANP secretion from atria to the left ventricle. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H590-H601. [PMID: 29979625 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00612.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the change in secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the atria was defined in hypertension accompanied by ventricular hypertrophy and increased synthesis of ANP. To identify the change of the secretion and mechanisms involved, experiments were performed in isolated perfused beating atria from sham-operated normotensive and renovascular hypertensive rats. Expression of ANP, natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)-C, components of the renin-angiotensin system, and muscarinic signaling pathway was measured in cardiac tissues. Basal levels of ANP secretion and acetylcholine (ACh)- and stretch-induced activation of ANP secretion were suppressed in the atria from hypertensive compared with normotensive rats. ACh increased ANP secretion via M2 muscarinic ACh receptor-ACh-sensitive K+ channel signaling. In hypertensive rats, ANP concentration increased in the left ventricle but decreased in the right ventricle. The atrial concentration of ANP was not changed in hypertensive compared with normotensive rats. ANP mRNA expression was accentuated in the left ventricle but suppressed in the other cardiac chambers in the hearts of hypertensive rats. NPR-C expression was inversely related to ANP mRNA levels. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) expression was accentuated in the cardiac chambers from hypertensive rats compared with normotensive rats, whereas angiotensin II type 2 receptor, M2 muscarinic receptor, and Kir3.4 channels were suppressed. AT1R blockade with losartan reversed the change observed in hypertensive rats. The present findings indicate that renovascular hypertension shifts the major site of ANP secretion and synthesis from the atria to the left ventricle through modulation of the expression of ANP, NPR-C, AT1R, and the M2 muscarinic signaling pathway. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Renovascular hypertension suppresses the atrial secretion of ANP and shifts the major site of the regulation of ANP secretion and synthesis from atria to the hypertrophied left ventricle possibly via modulation of the expression of ANP, natriuretic peptide receptor-C, angiotensin II subtype 1 receptor, and M2 muscarinic signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tan
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Department of Herbal Resources, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - You Mee Ahn
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Department of Herbal Resources, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Hye Yoom Kim
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Department of Herbal Resources, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Yun Jung Lee
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Department of Herbal Resources, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Kyung Woo Cho
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Department of Herbal Resources, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Dae Gill Kang
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Department of Herbal Resources, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Ho Sub Lee
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Department of Herbal Resources, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
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Ahn YM, Choi YH, Yoon JJ, Lee YJ, Cho KW, Kang DG, Lee HS. Oleanolic acid modulates the renin-angiotensin system and cardiac natriuretic hormone concomitantly with volume and pressure balance in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 809:231-241. [PMID: 28514645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid is known to possess beneficial effects on the regulation of the cardiovascular homeostasis. However, the exact nature of the role of oleanolic acid on the regulation of body fluid balance and blood pressure homeostasis and its mechanisms involved are not well defined. Experiments were performed to identify the effects of oleanolic acid on the renin-angiotensin system and cardiac natriuretic hormone (ANP) system, and also renal function and blood pressure in normotensive and renovascular hypertensive rats. The change in the plasma levels of hormones and the expressions of renin, angiotensin II receptors, ANP, natriuretic peptide receptor-C, M2 muscarinic receptor and GIRK4 were determined in the kidney, heart and aorta. Oleanolic acid was administered orally for 1 or 3 weeks. Here, we found that oleanolic acid suppressed plasma levels of renin activity and aldosterone and intrarenal levels of renin and angiotensin II type 1 receptor expression and increased angiotensin II type 2 receptor in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Also, oleanolic acid increased plasma levels of ANP. Further, oleanolic acid suppressed angiotensin II type 1 receptor and natriuretic peptide receptor-C expression and increased angiotensin II type 2 receptor and ANP expression in the heart and aorta. Along with these changes, oleanolic acid accentuated urinary volume, electrolyte excretion and glomerular filtration rate in normotensive rats and suppressed arterial blood pressure in hypertensive rats. These findings suggest that beneficial effects of oleanolic acid on the cardiorenal system are closely associated with its roles on the renin-angiotensin system and cardiac natriuretic hormone system.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Mee Ahn
- Department of Herbal Resources, Hanbang Body Fluid Research Center, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Choi
- Department of Herbal Resources, Hanbang Body Fluid Research Center, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Joo Yoon
- Department of Herbal Resources, Hanbang Body Fluid Research Center, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jung Lee
- Department of Herbal Resources, Hanbang Body Fluid Research Center, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Woo Cho
- Department of Herbal Resources, Hanbang Body Fluid Research Center, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Gill Kang
- Department of Herbal Resources, Hanbang Body Fluid Research Center, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Sub Lee
- Department of Herbal Resources, Hanbang Body Fluid Research Center, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oleanolic acid belongs to the pentacyclic triterpene family. In China, oleanolic acid has been used as an over the counter (OTC) hepatoprotective drug for decades. Oleanolic acid and its derivatives present a wide variety of biological activities, supporting their pharmaceutical uses for multiple diseases. AREAS COVERED Representative patent publications (1971-2015) covering the preparation, pharmaceutical compositions, and medical uses of oleanolic acid and its derivatives are analyzed, with focus on their anticancer, anti-osteoporosis, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immune-regulatory, and hepatoprotective effects. A large number of Chinese patents have been given particular attention in this review. EXPERT OPINION Detailed efficacy studies are highly worth doing to undoubtedly confirm the clinical potential of oleanolic acid and its derivatives. Based on that, it would be critical to identify the key protein targets of the drugs so as to promote drug development and search for new lead compounds. Together, there is a huge potential for drug-repositioning of oleanolic acid, particularly in the areas of metabolic disease and immunological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lin
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiaoan Wen
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
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Mabandla MV, Nyoka M, Daniels WMU. Early use of oleanolic acid provides protection against 6-hydroxydopamine induced dopamine neurodegeneration. Brain Res 2015; 1622:64-71. [PMID: 26111646 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid is a triterpenoid that has been shown to possess antioxidant properties. In this study we investigated the effects of oleanolic acid in a parkinsonian rat model. Unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions were carried out on postnatal day (PND) 60 in 4 groups viz. (1) Rats that started oleanolic acid treatment 7 days prior to lesion. (2) Rats not treated with oleanolic acid. (3) Rats that started oleanolic acid treatment 1 day post-lesion. (4) Rats treated with oleanolic acid 7 days post-lesion. The degree of forelimb impairment was assessed using limb use asymmetry and forelimb akinesia tests. Neurochemical changes were assessed using a Dopamine ELISA kit and mitochondrial apoptosis was measured using a mitochondrial apoptosis detection kit. In this study, animals injected with 6-OHDA displayed forelimb use asymmetry that was ameliorated by treatment with oleanolic acid 7 days pre- and 1 day post-lesion. In the cylinder test, rats injected with 6-OHDA favored using the forelimb ipsilateral (unimpaired) to the lesioned hemisphere while rats treated with oleanolic acid used the forelimb contralateral (impaired) to the lesioned hemisphere significantly more. Rats treated with oleanolic acid 7 days pre- and 1 day post-lesion had more dopamine in the striatum than the non-treated or the 7 days after lesion rats. Similarly, 6-OHDA-induced membrane depolarization was decreased in rats that received oleanolic acid treatment pre- or immediately post-lesion. This suggests that early treatment with oleanolic acid protects dopamine neurons from the toxic effects of 6-OHDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa V Mabandla
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| | - Mpumelelo Nyoka
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Willie M U Daniels
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Valero-Muñoz M, Martín-Fernández B, Ballesteros S, de la Fuente E, Quintela JC, Lahera V, de las Heras N. Protective effect of a pomace olive oil concentrated in triterpenic acids in alterations related to hypertension in rats: mechanisms involved. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:376-83. [PMID: 24039161 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Despite the amount of information and research on the effects of virgin olive oil and its components in cardiovascular disease, little attention has been paid to the effects of pomace olive oil, an olive oil subproduct traditionally used in Spain. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential effects of a pomace olive oil concentrated in triterpenic acids (POCTA) on blood pressure, cardiac hemodynamics, and functional and molecular vascular alterations associated with hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS AND RESULTS The study showed that POCTA attenuated the increase of blood pressure in SHR. This effect was associated with an improvement in endothelium-dependent relaxation, enhancement of vascular expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and reduction of tumor necrosis factor alpha, transforming growth factor beta, and collagen I. Furthermore, POCTA improved cardiac hemodynamics (left ventricular systolic pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure) and decreased relative kidney and lung weights. CONCLUSION POCTA exerts antihypertensive effects together with vascular and hypertension target organ protection in SHR. Since interest in pomace olive oil has been low, the results of this study contribute to increasing awareness of its biological and nutritional values.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Valero-Muñoz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Kim HY, Cho KW, Xu DY, Kang DG, Lee HS. Endogenous ACh tonically stimulates ANP secretion in rat atria. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H1050-6. [PMID: 23913708 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00469.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous acetylcholine (ACh) is known to stimulate atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion concomitantly with a decrease in atrial pulse pressure. However, the role of intrinsic ACh in the regulation of ANP secretion remains unknown. Recently, it was shown that nonneuronal and neuronal ACh is present in the cardiac atria. From this finding we hypothesize that endogenously released ACh is involved in the regulation of ANP secretion in an autocrine or paracrine manner in the atria. Experiments were performed in isolated beating rat atria. ANP was measured using radioimmunoassay. To increase the availability of the ACh in the extracellular space of the atrium, its degradation was inhibited with an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition with physostigmine increased ANP secretion concomitantly with a decrease in atrial dynamics in a concentration-dependent manner. Inhibitors of M2 muscarinic ACh receptor (mAChR), methoctramine, and ACh-activated K(+) (KACh(+)) channels, tertiapin-Q, abolished the physostigmine-induced changes. The effects were not observed in the atria from rats treated with pertussis toxin. Furthermore, the physostigmine-induced effects were attenuated by an inhibitor of high-affinity choline transporter, hemicholinium-3, which is a rate-limiting step of ACh synthesis. Inhibitors of the mAChR signaling pathway and ACh synthesis also attenuated the basal levels of ANP secretion and accentuated atrial dynamics. These findings suggest that endogenously released ACh tonically stimulates ANP secretion from atrial cardiomyocytes via activation of M2 mAChR-Gi/o-KACh(+) channel signaling. It is also suggested that the ACh-ANP signaling is implicated in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Yoom Kim
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center & College of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; and
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