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Shigapova RR, Mukhamedshina YO. Electrophysiology Methods for Assessing of Neurodegenerative and Post-Traumatic Processes as Applied to Translational Research. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:737. [PMID: 38929721 PMCID: PMC11205106 DOI: 10.3390/life14060737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiological studies have long established themselves as reliable methods for assessing the functional state of the brain and spinal cord, the degree of neurodegeneration, and evaluating the effectiveness of therapy. In addition, they can be used to diagnose, predict functional outcomes, and test the effectiveness of therapeutic and rehabilitation programs not only in clinical settings, but also at the preclinical level. Considering the urgent need to develop potential stimulators of neuroregeneration, it seems relevant to obtain objective data when modeling neurological diseases in animals. Thus, in the context of the application of electrophysiological methods, not only the comparison of the basic characteristics of bioelectrical activity of the brain and spinal cord in humans and animals, but also their changes against the background of neurodegenerative and post-traumatic processes are of particular importance. In light of the above, this review will contribute to a better understanding of the results of electrophysiological assessment in neurodegenerative and post-traumatic processes as well as the possibility of translating these methods from model animals to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezeda Ramilovna Shigapova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia;
| | - Yana Olegovna Mukhamedshina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia;
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan 420012, Russia
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2
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Withey SL, Pizzagalli DA, Bergman J. Translational In Vivo Assays in Behavioral Biology. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 64:435-453. [PMID: 37708432 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051921-093711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The failure of preclinical research to advance successful candidate medications in psychiatry has created a paradigmatic crisis in psychiatry. The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative was designed to remedy this situation with a neuroscience-based approach that employs multimodal and cross-species in vivo methodology to increase the probability of translational findings and, consequently, drug discovery. The present review underscores the feasibility of this methodological approach by briefly reviewing, first, the use of multidimensional and cross-species methodologies in traditional behavioral pharmacology and, subsequently, the utility of this approach in contemporary neuroimaging and electrophysiology research-with a focus on the value of functionally homologous studies in nonhuman and human subjects. The final section provides a brief review of the RDoC, with a focus on the potential strengths and weaknesses of its domain-based underpinnings. Optimistically, this mechanistic and multidimensional approach in neuropsychiatric research will lead to novel therapeutics for the management of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Withey
- Preclinical Behavioral Biology Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jack Bergman
- Preclinical Behavioral Biology Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Kangas BD, Iturra-Mena AM, Robble MA, Luc OT, Potter D, Nickels S, Bergman J, Carlezon WA, Pizzagalli DA. Concurrent electrophysiological recording and cognitive testing in a rodent touchscreen environment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11665. [PMID: 34083596 PMCID: PMC8175731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Challenges in therapeutics development for neuropsychiatric disorders can be attributed, in part, to a paucity of translational models capable of capturing relevant phenotypes across clinical populations and laboratory animals. Touch-sensitive procedures are increasingly used to develop innovative animal models that better align with testing conditions used in human participants. In addition, advances in electrophysiological techniques have identified neurophysiological signatures associated with characteristics of neuropsychiatric illness. The present studies integrated these methodologies by developing a rat flanker task with electrophysiological recordings based on reverse-translated protocols used in human electroencephalogram (EEG) studies of cognitive control. Various touchscreen-based stimuli were evaluated for their ability to efficiently gain stimulus control and advance to flanker test sessions. Optimized stimuli were then examined for their elicitation of prototypical visual evoked potentials (VEPs) across local field potential (LFP) wires and EEG skull screws. Of the stimuli evaluated, purple and green photographic stimuli were associated with efficient training and expected flanker interference effects. Orderly stimulus-locked outcomes were also observed in VEPs across LFP and EEG recordings. These studies along with others verify the feasibility of concurrent electrophysiological recordings and rodent touchscreen-based cognitive testing and encourage future use of this integrated approach in therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Kangas
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478 USA
| | - Ann M. Iturra-Mena
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478 USA
| | - Mykel A. Robble
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478 USA
| | - Oanh T. Luc
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478 USA
| | - David Potter
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478 USA
| | - Stefanie Nickels
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478 USA
| | - Jack Bergman
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478 USA
| | - William A. Carlezon
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478 USA
| | - Diego A. Pizzagalli
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478 USA
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4
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Kruizinga MD, Zuiker RGJA, Sali E, de Kam ML, Doll RJ, Groeneveld GJ, Santen GWE, Cohen AF. Finding Suitable Clinical Endpoints for a Potential Treatment of a Rare Genetic Disease: the Case of ARID1B. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:1300-1310. [PMID: 32462407 PMCID: PMC7609730 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of reliable, repeatable, and non-invasive clinical endpoints when investigating treatments for intellectual disability (ID). The aim of this study is to explore a novel approach towards developing new endpoints for neurodevelopmental disorders, in this case for ARID1B-related ID. In this study, twelve subjects with ARID1B-related ID and twelve age-matched controls were included in this observational case-control study. Subjects performed a battery of non-invasive neurobehavioral and neurophysiological assessments on two study days. Test domains included cognition, executive functioning, and eye tracking. Furthermore, several electrophysiological assessments were performed. Subjects wore a smartwatch (Withings® Steel HR) for 6 days. Tests were systematically assessed regarding tolerability, variability, repeatability, difference with control group, and correlation with traditional endpoints. Animal fluency, adaptive tracking, body sway, and smooth pursuit eye movements were assessed as fit-for-purpose regarding all criteria, while physical activity, heart rate, and sleep parameters show promise as well. The event-related potential waveform of the passive oddball and visual evoked potential tasks showed discriminatory ability, but EEG assessments were perceived as extremely burdensome. This approach successfully identified fit-for-purpose candidate endpoints for ARID1B-related ID and possibly for other neurodevelopmental disorders. Next, results could be replicated in different ID populations or the assessments could be included as exploratory endpoint in interventional trials in ARID1B-related ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs D Kruizinga
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Zernikedreef 8, 2333 CL, Leiden, the Netherlands.
- Juliana Children's Hospital, HAGA Teaching Hospital, the Hague, the Netherlands.
| | - Rob G J A Zuiker
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Zernikedreef 8, 2333 CL, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elif Sali
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Zernikedreef 8, 2333 CL, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke L de Kam
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Zernikedreef 8, 2333 CL, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Robert J Doll
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Zernikedreef 8, 2333 CL, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Geert Jan Groeneveld
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Zernikedreef 8, 2333 CL, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs W E Santen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Adam F Cohen
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Zernikedreef 8, 2333 CL, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Pifferi F, Cunnane SC, Guesnet P. Evidence of the Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Brain Glucose Metabolism. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051382. [PMID: 32408634 PMCID: PMC7285025 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, brain function, particularly neuronal activity, has high energy needs. When glucose is supplemented by alternative oxidative substrates under different physiological conditions, these fuels do not fully replace the functions fulfilled by glucose. Thus, it is of major importance that the brain is almost continuously supplied with glucose from the circulation. Numerous studies describe the decrease in brain glucose metabolism during healthy or pathological ageing, but little is known about the mechanisms that cause such impairment. Although it appears difficult to determine the exact role of brain glucose hypometabolism during healthy ageing or during age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, uninterrupted glucose supply to the brain is still of major importance for proper brain function. Interestingly, a body of evidence suggests that dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) might play significant roles in brain glucose regulation. Thus, the goal of the present review is to summarize this evidence and address the role of n-3 PUFAs in brain energy metabolism. Taken together, these data suggest that ensuring an adequate dietary supply of n-3 PUFAs could constitute an essential aspect of a promising strategy to promote optimal brain function during both healthy and pathological ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Pifferi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Centre Nationnal de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN) 7179, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), 1 Avenue du Petit Château, 91800 Brunoy, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Stephen C. Cunnane
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
- Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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Heckman P, Blokland A, Sambeth A. No interaction between rivastigmine and citalopram on memory and novelty processing in healthy human volunteers. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:210-218. [PMID: 30226087 PMCID: PMC6381448 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118796816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal literature suggests an interaction between acetylcholine and serotonin on cognitive functions. AIMS The aim of the current study was to assess whether both neurotransmitters interact during memory and novelty processing in humans. METHODS We tested the interaction between acetylcholine and serotonin on cognitive functions in healthy volunteers by means of treatment with rivastigmine and citalopram, respectively. RESULTS The main result of the study showed that during the verbal learning task participants significantly recalled fewer words after citalopram treatment than after rivastigmine or placebo during both the immediate and delayed recall tasks. Rivastigmine was not able to reverse the impairing effect of citalopram. CONCLUSIONS This finding is in line with previous studies in which we manipulated acetylcholine and serotonin in different manners. Taken together, these studies in humans do not support the notion from animal studies that these two neurotransmitters interact on cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pra Heckman
- 1 Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.,2 Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - A Blokland
- 1 Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - A Sambeth
- 1 Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
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Acute and chronic escitalopram alter EEG gamma oscillations differently: relevance to therapeutic effects. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 121:347-355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on cognitive functions, electrocortical activity and neurogenesis in a non-human primate, the grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus). Behav Brain Res 2018; 347:394-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews recent advances in drug discovery and development for geriatric psychiatry. Drug discovery for disorders of the central nervous system is a long and challenging process, with a high attrition rate from the preclinical stages through to marketing a compound. Developing drugs for geriatric neuropsychiatric conditions presents additional challenges, due to the complexity of the symptoms, comorbid diagnoses, and the variability of the population. Despite there being limited success over the past two decades, a number of new approaches have identified potential targets for preclinical development and ultimately clinical testing. RECENT FINDINGS Recent approaches have tried to address specific mechanisms that relate to the disease progression. These approaches include combining a number of ligands into to multi-target compounds, or targeting specific types of cells such as protein kinases or myeloid cells. In addition, the increased use of induced pluripotent stem cell cultures has enabled new compounds to be tested on disease-specific tissues, increasing the success rate of the lead compounds going through the preclinical stages. New pharmacological agents designed with advanced screening techniques and the shift towards systems pharmacology is changing the landscape of drug discovery in geriatric psychiatry. There is potential for these new agents to produce targeted effects in the framework of disorders that have long been untreatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Conley
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Ave., Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Paul A Newhouse
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Ave., Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health System, Nashville, TN, USA.
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10
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Heckman PRA, Van Duinen MA, Blokland A, Uz T, Prickaerts J, Sambeth A. Acute administration of roflumilast enhances sensory gating in healthy young humans in a randomized trial. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:301-308. [PMID: 29098341 PMCID: PMC5748397 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4770-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sensory gating is a process involved in early information processing which prevents overstimulation of higher cortical areas by filtering sensory information. Research has shown that the process of sensory gating is disrupted in patients suffering from clinical disorders including attention deficit hyper activity disorder, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors have received an increased interest as a tool to improve cognitive performance in both animals and man, including sensory gating. METHODS The current study investigated the effects of the PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast in a sensory gating paradigm in 20 healthy young human volunteers (age range 18-30 years). We applied a placebo-controlled randomized cross-over design and tested three doses (100, 300, 1000 μg). RESULTS Results show that roflumilast improves sensory gating in healthy young human volunteers only at the 100-μg dose. The effective dose of 100 μg is five times lower than the clinically approved dose for the treatment of acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). No side-effects, such as nausea and emesis, were observed at this dose. This means roflumilast shows a beneficial effect on gating at a dose that had no adverse effects reported following single-dose administration in the present study. CONCLUSION The PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast has a favorable side-effect profile at a cognitively effective dose and could be considered as a treatment in disorders affected by disrupted sensory gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim R. A. Heckman
- 0000 0001 0481 6099grid.5012.6Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands ,0000 0001 0481 6099grid.5012.6Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies A. Van Duinen
- 0000 0001 0481 6099grid.5012.6Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Blokland
- 0000 0001 0481 6099grid.5012.6Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tolga Uz
- Experimental Medicine CNS, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Deerfield, MA USA
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- 0000 0001 0481 6099grid.5012.6Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Sambeth
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Tian Y, Yang L, Xu W, Zhang H, Wang Z, Zhang H, Zheng S, Shi Y, Xu P. Predictors for drug effects with brain disease: Shed new light from EEG parameters to brain connectomics. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 110:26-36. [PMID: 28456573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Though researchers spent a lot of effort to develop treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders, the poor translation of drug efficacy data from animals to human hampered the success of these therapeutic approaches in human. Pharmaceutical industry is challenged by low clinical success rates for new drug registration. To maximize the success in drug development, biomarkers are required to act as surrogate end points and predictors of drug effects. The pathology of brain disease could be in part due to synaptic dysfunction. Electroencephalogram (EEG), generating from the result of the postsynaptic potential discharge between cells, could be a potential measure to bridge the gaps between animal and human data. Here we discuss recent progress on using relevant EEG characteristics and brain connectomics as biomarkers to monitor drug effects and measure cognitive changes on animal models and human in real-time. It is expected that the novel approach, i.e. EEG connectomics, will offer a deeper understanding on the drug efficacy at a microcirculatory level, which will be useful to support the development of new treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Tian
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmitting Technology, High School Innovation Team of Architecture and Core Technologies of Smart Medical System, ChongQing University of Posts and Telecommunications, ChongQing 400065, China.
| | - Li Yang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmitting Technology, High School Innovation Team of Architecture and Core Technologies of Smart Medical System, ChongQing University of Posts and Telecommunications, ChongQing 400065, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmitting Technology, High School Innovation Team of Architecture and Core Technologies of Smart Medical System, ChongQing University of Posts and Telecommunications, ChongQing 400065, China
| | - Huiling Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmitting Technology, High School Innovation Team of Architecture and Core Technologies of Smart Medical System, ChongQing University of Posts and Telecommunications, ChongQing 400065, China
| | - Zhongyan Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmitting Technology, High School Innovation Team of Architecture and Core Technologies of Smart Medical System, ChongQing University of Posts and Telecommunications, ChongQing 400065, China
| | - Haiyong Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmitting Technology, High School Innovation Team of Architecture and Core Technologies of Smart Medical System, ChongQing University of Posts and Telecommunications, ChongQing 400065, China
| | - Shuxing Zheng
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmitting Technology, High School Innovation Team of Architecture and Core Technologies of Smart Medical System, ChongQing University of Posts and Telecommunications, ChongQing 400065, China
| | - Yupan Shi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmitting Technology, High School Innovation Team of Architecture and Core Technologies of Smart Medical System, ChongQing University of Posts and Telecommunications, ChongQing 400065, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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Physiological and pathological processes of synaptic plasticity and memory in drug discovery: Do not forget the dose-response curve. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 817:59-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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13
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Rueda-Orozco PE, Montes-Rodriguez CJ, Ruiz-Contreras AE, Mendez-Diaz M, Prospero-Garcia O. The effects of anandamide and oleamide on cognition depend on diurnal variations. Brain Res 2017; 1672:129-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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