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Dhankher A, Hernandez ME, Howard HC, Champion JA. Characterization and Control of Dynamic Rearrangement in a Self-Assembled Antibody Carrier. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1407-1416. [PMID: 32134251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Thorough characterization of protein assemblies is required for the control of structure and robust performance in any given application, especially for the safety and stability of protein therapeutics. Here, we report the use of multiple, orthogonal characterization techniques to enable control over the structure of a multivalent antibody carrier for future use in drug delivery applications. The carrier, known as Hex, contains six antibody binding domains that bind the Fc region of antibodies. Using size exclusion chromatography, analytical ultracentrifugation, and dynamic light scattering, we identified the stoichiometry of assembled Hex-antibody complexes and observed changes in the stoichiometry of nanocarriers when incubated at higher temperatures over time. The characterization data informed the modification of Hex to achieve tighter control over the protein assembly structure for future therapeutic applications. This work demonstrates the importance of using orthogonal characterization techniques and observing protein assembly in different conditions over time to fully understand and control structure and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Dhankher
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Manuel E Hernandez
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Hannah C Howard
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Julie A Champion
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Johnson CL, Solovyova AS, Hecht O, Macdonald C, Waller H, Grossmann JG, Moore GR, Lakey JH. The Two-State Prehensile Tail of the Antibacterial Toxin Colicin N. Biophys J 2017; 113:1673-1684. [PMID: 29045862 PMCID: PMC5647543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered regions within proteins are critical elements in many biomolecular interactions and signaling pathways. Antibacterial toxins of the colicin family, which could provide new antibiotic functions against resistant bacteria, contain disordered N-terminal translocation domains (T-domains) that are essential for receptor binding and the penetration of the Escherichia coli outer membrane. Here we investigate the conformational behavior of the T-domain of colicin N (ColN-T) to understand why such domains are widespread in toxins that target Gram-negative bacteria. Like some other intrinsically disordered proteins in the solution state of the protein, ColN-T shows dual recognition, initially interacting with other domains of the same colicin N molecule and later, during cell killing, binding to two different receptors, OmpF and TolA, in the target bacterium. ColN-T is invisible in the high-resolution x-ray model and yet accounts for 90 of the toxin's 387 amino acid residues. To reveal its solution structure that underlies such a dynamic and complex system, we carried out mutagenic, biochemical, hydrodynamic and structural studies using analytical ultracentrifugation, NMR, and small-angle x-ray scattering on full-length ColN and its fragments. The structure was accurately modeled from small-angle x-ray scattering data by treating ColN as a flexible system, namely by the ensemble optimization method, which enables a distribution of conformations to be included in the final model. The results reveal, to our knowledge, for the first time the dynamic structure of a colicin T-domain. ColN-T is in dynamic equilibrium between a compact form, showing specific self-recognition and resistance to proteolysis, and an extended form, which most likely allows for effective receptor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Johnson
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra S Solovyova
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Olli Hecht
- Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Macdonald
- Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Waller
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - J Günter Grossmann
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Structural and Chemical Biology, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey R Moore
- Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy H Lakey
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Krayukhina E, Noda M, Ishii K, Maruno T, Wakabayashi H, Tada M, Suzuki T, Ishii-Watabe A, Kato M, Uchiyama S. Analytical ultracentrifugation with fluorescence detection system reveals differences in complex formation between recombinant human TNF and different biological TNF antagonists in various environments. MAbs 2017; 9:664-679. [PMID: 28387583 PMCID: PMC5419078 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1297909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have attempted to elucidate the binding mechanism between tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and clinically relevant antagonists. None of these studies, however, have been conducted as close as possible to physiologic conditions, and so the relationship between the size distribution of TNF-antagonist complexes and the antagonists' biological activity or adverse effects remains elusive. Here, we characterized the binding stoichiometry and sizes of soluble TNF-antagonist complexes for adalimumab, infliximab, and etanercept that were formed in human serum and in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Fluorescence-detected sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation analyses revealed that adalimumab and infliximab formed a range of complexes with TNF, with the major complexes consisting of 3 molcules of the respective antagonist and one or 2 molcules of TNF. Considerably greater amounts of high-molecular-weight complexes were detected for infliximab in human serum. The emergence of peaks with higher sedimentation coefficients than the adalimumab monomer as a function of added human serum albumin (HSA) concentration in PBS suggested weak reversible interactions between HSA and immunoglobulins. Etanerept exclusively formed 1:1 complexes with TNF in PBS, and a small amount of complexes with higher stoichiometry was detected in human serum. Consistent with these biophysical characterizations, a reporter assay showed that adalimumab and infliximab, but not etanercept, exerted FcγRIIa- and FcγRIIIa-mediated cell signaling in the presence of TNF and that infliximab exhibited higher potency than adalimumab. This study shows that assessing distribution profiles in serum will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the in vivo behavior of therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Krayukhina
- a Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , Yamadaoka, Suita , Osaka , Japan.,b U-Medico Inc. , Yamadaoka, Suita , Osaka , Japan
| | - Masanori Noda
- a Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , Yamadaoka, Suita , Osaka , Japan.,b U-Medico Inc. , Yamadaoka, Suita , Osaka , Japan
| | - Kentaro Ishii
- c Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences , Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki , Aichi , Japan
| | - Takahiro Maruno
- a Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , Yamadaoka, Suita , Osaka , Japan.,b U-Medico Inc. , Yamadaoka, Suita , Osaka , Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Wakabayashi
- a Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , Yamadaoka, Suita , Osaka , Japan
| | - Minoru Tada
- d Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals , National Institute of Health Sciences , Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takuo Suzuki
- d Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals , National Institute of Health Sciences , Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Akiko Ishii-Watabe
- d Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals , National Institute of Health Sciences , Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Masahiko Kato
- e Sysmex Corporation , Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe-shi , Hyogo , Japan
| | - Susumu Uchiyama
- a Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , Yamadaoka, Suita , Osaka , Japan.,b U-Medico Inc. , Yamadaoka, Suita , Osaka , Japan.,c Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences , Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki , Aichi , Japan
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Krayukhina E, Uchiyama S, Nojima K, Okada Y, Hamaguchi I, Fukui K. Aggregation analysis of pharmaceutical human immunoglobulin preparations using size-exclusion chromatography and analytical ultracentrifugation sedimentation velocity. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 115:104-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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