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Reisi Zargari N, Ebrahimi F, Akhlaghi M, Beiki D, Abdi K, Abbasi MA, Ramezanpour S, Asghari SM. Novel Gd-DTPA-peptide for targeted breast tumor magnetic resonance imaging. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117189. [PMID: 39059353 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of breast cancer underscores the imperative for early diagnosis in guiding treatment decisions. This study introduces a novel contrast agent, Gd-DTPA-VGB3, derived from the peptide VGB3 targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR1) and VEGFR2, to enhance the contrast of conventional drug Magnevist in breast tumor MRI. The MRI contrast agent was synthesized on rink amide resin via Fmoc strategy, incorporating amino acids, and coupling to diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). Gadolinium (Gd)-DTPA-VGB3 displayed specific binding to VEGFR1/2 in a displacement binding assay. Gd-DTPA-VGB3 exhibited minimal cytotoxicity to normal MCF-10 cells while inhibiting 4T1 mammary carcinoma cell proliferation. Compared to Magnevist, Gd-DTPA-VGB3 demonstrated a 2.8-fold increase in contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) (355 vs. 125). Gd-DTPA-VGB3 exhibited enhanced accumulation in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice, resulting in significant signal intensity improvement. The findings highlight Gd-DTPA-VGB3's specific binding to VEGFRs, substantiating its potential as a candidate for enhancing MRI contrast in breast cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Ebrahimi
- Department of Nuclear Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Akhlaghi
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Davood Beiki
- Department of Nuclear Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosrou Abdi
- Department of Radiopharmacy and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Abbasi
- Firoozabadi Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit (FHCRDU), Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sorour Ramezanpour
- Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Mohsen Asghari
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Li G, Rednam N, Kundra V. Low KeV virtual monoenergetic images for detecting low dose iodine- or alternative Gd-based IV contrast agents. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35210. [PMID: 39165967 PMCID: PMC11334640 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The recent shortage of iodine-based intravenous contrast and its cost highlight the need for limiting dose and alterative agents. Purpose To quantify radiodensity (Hounsfield Units, HU) improvement and potential iodine dose reduction with low keV imaging compared to conventional polyenergetic reconstructions on dual source (DSCT) and dual layer (DLCT) CT and to assess potential utility of non-iodine gadolinium-alternatives with low keV imaging. Materials and methods This phantom study used dilutions of three commercially-available contrast agents scanned by DSCT and DLCT. Conventional polyenergetic and virtual monoenergetic images (VMI) were reconstructed of each of five dilutions at five keV levels. HU and signal-to-noise ratios were compared among iodine- and gadolinium-based contrast agents. Results Iodine- and gadolinium-based contrast agent HU increased inversely to keV for the same dilution in both scanners. At the lowest keV setting (40 keV), iodine-based contrast agent HU in VMIs with DLCT and DSCT were approximately 300 % and 400 % of conventional, respectively. Gd-based contrast agent HU in VMIs at low keV were similar to or better than conventional iodine HU. Comparing the dual energy CTs, although HU from iodine and gadolinium-based contrast agents for conventional polyenergetic reconstructions was similar, HU in VMIs of DSCT were right shifted compared to DLCT by ∼10 keV lower. Conclusion Depending on CT scanner type, 1/3 to 1/4 dose of iodinated contrast at 40 keV provides HU similar to full dose conventional acquisition, suggesting 1/3-1/4 dose may be adequate clinically at 40 keV. Depending on the Gd-based contrast and CT type, Gd-based contrast at 40 keV provides similar or greater HU compared to conventional acquisitions with iodinated contrast, suggesting Gd-based contrast at 40 keV may serve as an alternative to iodinated contrast. HU on VMI images is scanner dependent, suggesting scanner-dependent protocol optimization and potentially monoenergy HU calibration between scanners is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Li
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Nikita Rednam
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Vikas Kundra
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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Chauvet G, Cheddad El Aouni M, Magro E, Sabardu O, Ben Salem D, Gentric JC, Ognard J. Diagnostic Accuracy of Non-Contrast-Enhanced Time-Resolved MR Angiography to Assess Angioarchitectural Classification Features of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1656. [PMID: 39125532 PMCID: PMC11311491 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14151656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of non-contrast-enhanced 4D MR angiography (NCE-4D-MRA) compared to contrast-enhanced 4D MR angiography (CE-4D-MRA) for the detection and angioarchitectural characterisation of brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs). Utilising a retrospective design, we examined 54 MRA pairs from 43 patients with bAVMs, using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as the reference standard. Both NCE-4D-MRA and CE-4D-MRA were performed using a 3-T MR imaging system. The primary objectives were to evaluate the diagnostic performance of NCE-4D-MRA against CE-4D-MRA and DSA and to assess concordance between imaging modalities in grading bAVMs according to four main scales: Spetzler-Martin, Buffalo, AVM embocure score (AVMES), and R2eDAVM. Our results demonstrated that NCE-4D-MRA had a higher accuracy and specificity compared to CE-4D-MRA (0.85 vs. 0.83 and 95% vs. 85%, respectively) and similar agreement, with DSA detecting shunts in bAVMs or residuals. Concordance in grading bAVMs was substantial between NCE-4D-MRA and DSA, particularly for the Spetzler-Martin and Buffalo scales, with CE-4D-MRA showing slightly higher kappa values for interobserver agreement. The study highlights the potential of NCE-4D-MRA as a diagnostic tool for bAVMs, offering comparable accuracy to CE-4D-MRA while avoiding the risks associated with gadolinium-based contrast agents. The safety profile of imaging techniques is a significant concern in the long-term follow up of bAVMs, and further prospective research should focus on NCE-4D-MRA protocol improvement for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Chauvet
- Department of Radiology, Hôpital Cavale Blanche, Brest University Hospital, 29200 Brest, France;
| | - Mourad Cheddad El Aouni
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Hôpital Cavale Blanche, Brest University Hospital, 29200 Brest, France; (M.C.E.A.); (J.-C.G.)
| | - Elsa Magro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Cavale Blanche, Brest University Hospital, 29200 Brest, France;
- Inserm, UMR 1101 (Laboratoire de Traitement de l’Information Médicale-LaTIM), Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29238 Brest, France;
| | - Ophélie Sabardu
- Service d’Imagerie Médicale, Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées Legouest, rue des Frères-Lacretelle, 57070 Metz, France;
| | - Douraied Ben Salem
- Inserm, UMR 1101 (Laboratoire de Traitement de l’Information Médicale-LaTIM), Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29238 Brest, France;
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Cavale Blanche, Brest University Hospital, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Gentric
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Hôpital Cavale Blanche, Brest University Hospital, 29200 Brest, France; (M.C.E.A.); (J.-C.G.)
- Inserm, UMR 1304 (GETBO), Western Brittany Thrombosis Study Group, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Julien Ognard
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Hôpital Cavale Blanche, Brest University Hospital, 29200 Brest, France; (M.C.E.A.); (J.-C.G.)
- Inserm, UMR 1101 (Laboratoire de Traitement de l’Information Médicale-LaTIM), Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29238 Brest, France;
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Wen X, Zhang C, Tian Y, Miao Y, Liu S, Xu JJ, Ye D, He J. Smart Molecular Imaging and Theranostic Probes by Enzymatic Molecular In Situ Self-Assembly. JACS AU 2024; 4:2426-2450. [PMID: 39055152 PMCID: PMC11267545 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Enzymatic molecular in situ self-assembly (E-MISA) that enables the synthesis of high-order nanostructures from synthetic small molecules inside a living subject has emerged as a promising strategy for molecular imaging and theranostics. This strategy leverages the catalytic activity of an enzyme to trigger probe substrate conversion and assembly in situ, permitting prolonging retention and congregating many molecules of probes in the targeted cells or tissues. Enhanced imaging signals or therapeutic functions can be achieved by responding to a specific enzyme. This E-MISA strategy has been successfully applied for the development of enzyme-activated smart molecular imaging or theranostic probes for in vivo applications. In this Perspective, we discuss the general principle of controlling in situ self-assembly of synthetic small molecules by an enzyme and then discuss the applications for the construction of "smart" imaging and theranostic probes against cancers and bacteria. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and perspectives in utilizing the E-MISA strategy for disease diagnoses and therapies, particularly for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xidan Wen
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital
of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry
and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern
Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Yuyang Tian
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry
and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yinxing Miao
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry
and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shaohai Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry
and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry
and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Deju Ye
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry
and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian He
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital
of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
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Sguizzato M, Martini P, Ferrara F, Marvelli L, Drechsler M, Reale G, Calderoni F, Illuminati F, Porto F, Speltri G, Uccelli L, Giganti M, Boschi A, Cortesi R. Manganese-Loaded Liposomes: An In Vitro Study for Possible Diagnostic Application. Molecules 2024; 29:3407. [PMID: 39064985 PMCID: PMC11280348 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the possible use of manganese (Mn)-based liposomal formulations for diagnostic applications in imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with the aim of overcoming the toxicity limitations associated with the use of free Mn2+. Specifically, anionic liposomes carrying two model Mn(II)-based compounds, MnCl2 (MC) and Mn(HMTA) (MH), were prepared and characterised in terms of morphology, size, loading capacity, and in vitro activity. Homogeneous dispersions characterised mainly by unilamellar vesicles were obtained; furthermore, no differences in size and morphology were detected between unloaded and Mn-loaded vesicles. The encapsulation efficiency of MC and MH was evaluated on extruded liposomes by means of ICP-OES analysis. The obtained results showed that both MC and MH are almost completely retained by the lipid portion of liposomes (LPs), with encapsulation efficiencies of 99.7% for MC and 98.8% for MH. The magnetic imaging properties of the produced liposomal formulations were investigated for application in a potential preclinical scenario by collecting magnetic resonance images of a phantom designed to compare the paramagnetic contrast properties of free MC and MH compounds and the corresponding manganese-containing liposome dispersions. It was found that both LP-MC and LP-MH at low concentrations (0.5 mM) show better contrast (contrast-to-noise ratios of 194 and 209, respectively) than solutions containing free Mn at the same concentrations (117 and 134, respectively) and are safe to use on human cells at the selected dose. Taken together, the results of this comparative analysis suggest that these liposome-containing Mn compounds might be suitable for diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Sguizzato
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences (DoCPAS), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (F.F.); (L.M.); (G.S.); (R.C.)
- Biotechnology Inter University Consortium (C.I.B.), Ferrara Section, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Petra Martini
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Francesca Ferrara
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences (DoCPAS), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (F.F.); (L.M.); (G.S.); (R.C.)
| | - Lorenza Marvelli
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences (DoCPAS), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (F.F.); (L.M.); (G.S.); (R.C.)
| | - Markus Drechsler
- Bavarian Polymer Institute Keylab “Electron and Optical Microscopy”, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany;
| | - Giovanni Reale
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.R.); (F.P.); (L.U.); (M.G.)
| | | | | | - Francesca Porto
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.R.); (F.P.); (L.U.); (M.G.)
| | - Giorgia Speltri
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences (DoCPAS), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (F.F.); (L.M.); (G.S.); (R.C.)
| | - Licia Uccelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.R.); (F.P.); (L.U.); (M.G.)
| | - Melchiore Giganti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.R.); (F.P.); (L.U.); (M.G.)
| | - Alessandra Boschi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences (DoCPAS), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (F.F.); (L.M.); (G.S.); (R.C.)
| | - Rita Cortesi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences (DoCPAS), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (F.F.); (L.M.); (G.S.); (R.C.)
- Biotechnology Inter University Consortium (C.I.B.), Ferrara Section, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Riyaz S, Sun Y, Helmholz H, Medina TP, Medina OP, Wiese B, Will O, Albaraghtheh T, Mohamad FH, Hövener JB, Glüer CC, Römer RW. Inflammatory response toward a Mg-based metallic biomaterial implanted in a rat femur fracture model. Acta Biomater 2024:S1742-7061(24)00354-4. [PMID: 38969080 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The immune system plays an important role in fracture healing, by modulating the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses occurring instantly upon injury. An imbalance in these responses can lead to adverse outcomes, such as non-union of fractures. Implants are used to support and stabilize complex fractures. Biodegradable metallic implants offer the potential to avoid a second surgery for implant removal, unlike non-degradable implants. However, considering our dynamic immune system it is important to conduct in-depth studies on the immune response to these implants in living systems. In this study, we investigated the immune response to Mg and Mg-10Gd in vivo in a rat femur fracture model with external fixation. In vivo imaging using liposomal formulations was used to monitor the fluorescence-related inflammation over time. We combine ex vivo methods with our in vivo study to evaluate and understand the systemic and local effects of the implants on the immune response. We observed no significant local or systemic effects in the Mg-10Gd implanted group compared to the SHAM and Mg implanted groups over time. Our findings suggest that Mg-10Gd is a more compatible implant material than Mg, with no adverse effects observed in the early phase of fracture healing during our 4-week study. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Degradable metallic implants in form of Mg and Mg-10Gd intramedullary pins were assessed in a rat femur fracture model, alongside a non-implanted SHAM group with special respect to the potential to induce an inflammatory response. This pre-clinical study combines innovative non-invasive in vivo imaging techniques associated with multimodal, ex vivo cellular and molecular analytics. The study contributes to the development and evaluation of degradable biometals and their clinical application potential. The study results indicate that Mg-10Gd did not exhibit any significant harmful effects compared to the SHAM and Mg groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Riyaz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum hereon GmbH, Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Max-Planck-Straße 1, Geesthacht 21502, Germany.
| | - Yu Sun
- Helmholtz-Zentrum hereon GmbH, Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Max-Planck-Straße 1, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - Heike Helmholz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum hereon GmbH, Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Max-Planck-Straße 1, Geesthacht 21502, Germany.
| | - Tuula Penate Medina
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany; Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Oula Penate Medina
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany; Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany; Lonza Netherlands B.V., 6167 RB Geleen, the Netherlands
| | - Björn Wiese
- Helmholtz-Zentrum hereon GmbH, Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Max-Planck-Straße 1, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - Olga Will
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tamadur Albaraghtheh
- Helmholtz-Zentrum hereon GmbH, Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Max-Planck-Straße 1, Geesthacht 21502, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum hereon GmbH, Institute of Surface Science, Max-Planck-Straße 1, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - Farhad Haj Mohamad
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Claus Christian Glüer
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Regine Willumeit Römer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum hereon GmbH, Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Max-Planck-Straße 1, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
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7
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Kerpa S, Schulze VR, Holzapfel M, Cvancar L, Fischer M, Maison W. Decoration of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) with N-oxides increases the T 1 relaxivity of Gd-complexes. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300298. [PMID: 38224205 PMCID: PMC11230940 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
High complex stability and longitudinal relaxivity of Gd-based contrast agents are important requirements for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) because they ensure patient safety and contribute to measurement sensitivity. Charged and zwitterionic Gd3+-complexes of the well-known chelator 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) provide an excellent basis for the development of safe and sensitive contrast agents. In this report, we describe the synthesis of DOTA-NOx, a DOTA derivative with four N-oxide functionalities via "click" functionalization of the tetraazide DOTAZA. The resulting complexes Gd-DOTA-NOx and Eu-DOTA-NOx are stable compounds in aqueous solution. NMR-spectroscopic characterization revealed a high excess of the twisted square antiprismatic (TSAP) coordination geometry over square antiprismatic (SAP). The longitudinal relaxivity of Gd-DOTA-NOx was found to be r1=7.7 mm-1 s-1 (1.41 T, 37 °C), an unusually high value for DOTA complexes of comparable weight. We attribute this high relaxivity to the steric influence and an ordering effect on outer sphere water molecules surrounding the complex generated by the strongly hydrated N-oxide groups. Moreover, Gd-DOTA-NOx was found to be stable against transchelation with high excess of EDTA (200 eq) over a period of 36 h, and it has a similar in vitro cell toxicity as clinically used DOTA-based GBCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Kerpa
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Verena R Schulze
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Center for Applied Nanotechnology CAN, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Holzapfel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Center for Applied Nanotechnology CAN, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lina Cvancar
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maison
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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8
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Halasa M, Uosef A, Ubelaker HV, Subuddhi A, Mysore KR, Kubiak JZ, Ghobrial RM, Wosik J, Kloc M. Gadolinium retention effect on macrophages - a potential cause of MRI contrast agent Dotarem toxicity. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 397:51-60. [PMID: 38625373 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-024-03885-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Gadolinium is a component of the MRI contrast agent Dotarem. Although Dotarem is the least toxic among MRI contrasts used, gadolinium present in Dotarem accumulates for many years in various organs and tissues exerting toxic effects. We showed previously that gadolinium remains in macrophages for at least 7 days after exposure to Dotarem. However, very little is known about the effect of gadolinium retention on the immune cells such as macrophages. We studied the effect of 1-day and 7-day retention of gadolinium on various functions and molecular pathways of macrophages. Gadolinium retention for 7 days decreased macrophage adhesion and motility and dysregulated the expression of adhesion and fibrotic pathway-related proteins such as Notch1 and its ligand Jagged1, adhesion/migration-related proteins PAK1 and Shp1, immune response-related transcription factors Smad3 and TCF19, and chemokines CXCL10 and CXCL13, and dysregulated the mRNA expression of fibrosis-related genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, such as Col6a1, Fibronectin, MMP9, and MMP12. It also completely (below a level of detection) shut down the transcription of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization marker the Arg-1. Such changes, if they occur in MRI patients, can be potentially detrimental to the patient's immune system and immune response-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Halasa
- Transplant Immunology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ahmed Uosef
- Transplant Immunology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Henry V Ubelaker
- Transplant Immunology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Arijita Subuddhi
- Transplant Immunology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Tuberculosis Research Advancement Center (TRAC), Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Krupa R Mysore
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacek Z Kubiak
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute (WIM-PIB), Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
- Dynamics and Mechanics of Epithelia Group, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6290, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rennes, 35043, Rennes, France
| | - Rafik M Ghobrial
- Transplant Immunology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jarek Wosik
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston Science Center Building, Room 324, 4302 University Drive, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
- Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston Science Center Building, Room 324, 4302 University Drive, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
| | - Malgorzata Kloc
- Transplant Immunology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genetics, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
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9
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Jiang L, Cai Z, Cao Y, Fu S, Gu H, Zhu J, Cao W, Zhong L, Zhong J, Wu C, Wang K, Xia C, Lui S, Song B, Gong Q, Ai H. Facile Synthesis of Rigid Binuclear Manganese Complexes for Magnetic Resonance Angiography and SLC39A14-Mediated Hepatic Imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:703-714. [PMID: 38708860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Manganese(II)-based contrast agents (MBCAs) are potential candidates for gadolinium-free enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this work, a rigid binuclear MBCA (Mn2-PhDTA2) with a zero-length linker was developed via facile synthetic routes, while the other dimer (Mn2-TPA-PhDTA2) with a longer rigid linker was also synthesized via more complex steps. Although the molecular weight of Mn2-PhDTA2 is lower than that of Mn2-TPA-PhDTA2, their T1 relaxivities are similar, being increased by over 71% compared to the mononuclear Mn-PhDTA. In the presence of serum albumin, the relaxivity of Mn2-PhDTA2 was slightly lower than that of Mn2-TPA-PhDTA2, possibly due to the lower affinity constant. The transmetalation reaction with copper(II) ions confirmed that Mn2-PhDTA2 has an ideal kinetic inertness with a dissociation half-life of approximately 10.4 h under physiological conditions. In the variable-temperature 17O NMR study, both Mn-PhDTA and Mn2-PhDTA2 demonstrated a similar estimated q close to 1, indicating the formation of monohydrated complexes with each manganese(II) ion. In addition, Mn2-PhDTA2 demonstrated a superior contrast enhancement to Mn-PhDTA in in vivo vascular and hepatic MRI and can be rapidly cleared through a dual hepatic and renal excretion pattern. The hepatic uptake mechanism of Mn2-PhDTA2 mediated by SLC39A14 was validated in cellular uptake studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhongyuan Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yingzi Cao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shengxiang Fu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haojie Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Weidong Cao
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Changqiang Wu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Kefeng Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chunchao Xia
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Su Lui
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hua Ai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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10
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Kanal E, Maki JH, Schramm P, Marti-Bonmati L. Evolving Characteristics of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents for MR Imaging: A Systematic Review of the Importance of Relaxivity. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024. [PMID: 38699938 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are widely and routinely used to enhance the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography examinations. T1 relaxivity (r1) is the measure of their ability to increase signal intensity in tissues and blood on T1-weighted images at a given dose. Pharmaceutical companies have invested in the design and development of GBCAs with higher and higher T1 relaxivity values, and "high relaxivity" is a claim frequently used to promote GBCAs, with no clear definition of what "high relaxivity" means, or general concurrence about its clinical benefit. To understand whether higher relaxivity values translate into a material clinical benefit, well-designed, and properly powered clinical studies are necessary, while mere in vitro measurements may be misleading. This systematic review of relevant peer-reviewed literature provides high-quality clinical evidence showing that a difference in relaxivity of at least 40% between two GBCAs results in superior diagnostic efficacy for the higher-relaxivity agent when this is used at the same equimolar gadolinium dose as the lower-relaxivity agent, or similar imaging performance when used at a lower dose. Either outcome clearly implies a relevant clinical benefit. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Kanal
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Emergency Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Maki
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Peter Schramm
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Luebeck and Universitaetsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Luis Marti-Bonmati
- Department of Radiology and GIBI230 Research Group on Biomedical Imaging, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico de La Fe and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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11
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Miratashi Yazdi SN, Riahi F, Azizollahi S, Tooyserkani SH, Fesharaki S, Alaei M, Ghazanfari Hashemi M, Vakili Zarch M, Mojahedi A. Exploring the latest advances in 18F-FDG PET/CT and cardiac magnetic resonance for imaging for cardiac sarcoidosis diagnosis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2024; 14:149-156. [PMID: 38737647 PMCID: PMC11087291 DOI: 10.62347/gikk5707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease that affects multiple organs. Various clinical signs are associated with cardiac sarcoidosis (CS), and the diagnosis process is complicated because any organ could be involved. Despite the critical clinical importance of early and precise diagnosis of CS, there is currently no gold-standard method for CS evaluation. The non-invasive imaging modalities of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging have demonstrated the potential for identifying various histological characteristics of CS. Recently, the development of hybrid FDG-PET/CMR scanners has enabled the simultaneous acquisition of these attributes. Compared to just one imaging modality, these scanners detect CS and stratify risk more accurately and with higher sensitivity. Analyzing the potential role of concurrent FDG-PET/CMR in enhancing the diagnosis of CS, the present review concentrates on the advantages of this technique in light of recent technological developments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farshad Riahi
- Department of Radiology, Isfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahan, Iran
| | - Sara Azizollahi
- Department of Radiology, Isfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahan, Iran
| | | | - Shahin Fesharaki
- Department of Radiology, Isfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Alaei
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Ghazanfari Hashemi
- Cancer Institute, Department of Radiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehran, Iran
| | - Milad Vakili Zarch
- Department of Radiology, Isfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahan, Iran
| | - Azad Mojahedi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stony Brook University HospitalStony Brook, New York, The United States
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12
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Kaur J, Sridharr M. Key Insights on the Classification and Theranostic Applications of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300521. [PMID: 38246874 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive molecular imaging tool being extensively employed in clinical and biomedical research for the detection of a broad spectrum of diseases. This technique offers remarkable spatial resolution, good tissue penetration and a high soft tissue contrast. Contrast agents (CAs) have been regularly used in MRI tests to enhance the resolution of MR images and to visualize the diseased sites in the body. In the past years, considerable efforts have been devoted towards developing new theranostic MRI agents that can be tailored to integrate the targeting and therapeutic functions in a single agent. In this review, we have underlined the role of the MRI CAs in the developing field of 'theranostics' and their recent applications in the combined imaging and therapy of different types of tumors. In addition, this review also outlines the different categories of MRI CAs and their comprehensive classification based on different criteria such as chemical composition, relaxation mechanism and biodistribution with clinically relevant examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasleen Kaur
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University, Sector-125, Amity University, Noida, 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manasvini Sridharr
- LMU Biocenter, Martinsreid, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, München, Germany
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13
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Bhatnagar G, Mallett S, Beable R, Greenhalgh R, Ilangovan R, Lambie H, Mainta E, Patel U, Porté F, Sidhu H, Gupta A, Higginson A, Slater A, Tolan D, Zealley I, Halligan S, Taylor SA. Influence of diffusion weighted imaging and contrast enhanced T1 sequences on the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance enterography for Crohn's disease. Eur J Radiol 2024; 175:111454. [PMID: 38598964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the additional diagnostic benefit of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and contrast enhanced (CE) images during MR enterography (MRE) of Crohn's disease. METHODS Datasets from 73 patients (mean age 32; 40 male) (28 new-diagnosis, 45 relapsed) were read independently by two radiologists selected from a pool of 13. Radiologists interpreted datasets using three sequential sequence blocks: (1) T2 weighted and steady state free precession gradient echo (SSFP) images alone (T2^); (2) T2 weighted and SSFP images with DWI (T2 + DWI^) and; (3) T2 weighted images, SSFP, DWI and post-contrast enhanced (CE) T1 images (T2 + DWI + CE^), documenting presence, location, and activity of small bowel disease. For each sequence block, sensitivity and specificity (readers combined) was calculated against an outcome-based construct reference standard. RESULTS 59/73 patients had small bowel disease. Per-patient sensitivity for disease detection was essentially identical (80 % [95 % CI 72, 86], 81 % [73,87], and 79 % [71,86] for T2^, T2 + DWI^and T2 + DWI + CE^respectively). Specificity was identical (82 % [64 to 92]). Per patient sensitivity for disease extent was 56 % (47,65), 56 % (47,65) and 52 % (43 to 61) respectively, and specificity was 82 % (64 to 92) for all blocks. Sensitivity for active disease was 97 % (90,99), 97 % (90,99) and 98 % (92,99), and specificity was also comparable between all sequence combination reads. Results were consistent across segments and newly diagnosed/relapse patients. CONCLUSION There is no additional diagnostic benefit of adding either DWI or CE to T2 FSE and SSFP sequences for evaluating small bowel Crohn's disease, suggesting MRE protocols can be simplified safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauraang Bhatnagar
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street W1W 7TS, UK
| | - Sue Mallett
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street W1W 7TS, UK
| | - Richard Beable
- Department of Radiology, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Rebecca Greenhalgh
- Intestinal Imaging Centre, St Mark's Hospital, LNWUH NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | | | - Hannah Lambie
- Department of Radiology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Evgenia Mainta
- Intestinal Imaging Centre, St Mark's Hospital, LNWUH NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - Uday Patel
- Intestinal Imaging Centre, St Mark's Hospital, LNWUH NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - François Porté
- Intestinal Imaging Centre, St Mark's Hospital, LNWUH NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - Harbir Sidhu
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street W1W 7TS, UK
| | - Arun Gupta
- Intestinal Imaging Centre, St Mark's Hospital, LNWUH NHS Trust, Harrow, UK; Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd, South Kensington, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Anthony Higginson
- Department of Radiology, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Andrew Slater
- Department of Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Damian Tolan
- Department of Radiology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Ian Zealley
- Department of Radiology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Steve Halligan
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street W1W 7TS, UK
| | - Stuart A Taylor
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street W1W 7TS, UK.
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14
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Garifo S, Vangijzegem T, Stanicki D, Laurent S. A Review on the Design of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials as MRI Contrast Agents. Molecules 2024; 29:1639. [PMID: 38611919 PMCID: PMC11013788 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The administration of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs) has been conducted since 1988 by clinicians to enhance the clarity and interpretability of MR images. CAs based on gadolinium chelates are the clinical standard used worldwide for the diagnosis of various pathologies, such as the detection of brain lesions, the visualization of blood vessels, and the assessment of soft tissue disorders. However, due to ongoing concerns associated with the safety of gadolinium-based contrast agents, considerable efforts have been directed towards developing contrast agents with better relaxivities, reduced toxicity, and eventually combined therapeutic modalities. In this context, grafting (or encapsulating) paramagnetic metals or chelates onto (within) carbon-based nanoparticles is a straightforward approach enabling the production of contrast agents with high relaxivities while providing extensive tuneability regarding the functionalization of the nanoparticles. Here, we provide an overview of the parameters defining the efficacy of lanthanide-based contrast agents and the subsequent developments in the field of nanoparticular-based contrast agents incorporating paramagnetic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Garifo
- NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, University of Mons, 19 Avenue Maistriau, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (T.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Thomas Vangijzegem
- NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, University of Mons, 19 Avenue Maistriau, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (T.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Dimitri Stanicki
- NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, University of Mons, 19 Avenue Maistriau, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (T.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Sophie Laurent
- NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, University of Mons, 19 Avenue Maistriau, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (T.V.); (D.S.)
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), 8 Rue Adrienne Boland, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
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15
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Picano E, Vano E. Updated Estimates of Radiation Risk for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: Implications for Cardiology Practice. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2066. [PMID: 38610831 PMCID: PMC11012972 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13072066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This review aims to furnish an updated assessment of the societal healthcare load, including cancer and cardiovascular disease resulting from diagnostic radiologic operations. The previously projected additional cancer risk of 0.9% in a United States 2004 study referred to radiological conditions in 1996 with an X-ray exposure of 0.50 millisievert (mSv) per capita annually. Radiological exposure (radiology + nuclear medicine) has escalated to 2.29 mSv (2016) per capita per year. Low-dose exposures were previously assumed to have a lower biological impact, since they allow the DNA repair system to mitigate molecular damage. However, epidemiological data matured and disproved this assumption, as shown by updated cancer risk assessments derived from the World Health Organization 2013 and the German Institute of Radioprotection 2014 data. The risk of cardiovascular disease aligns within the same order of magnitude as cancer risk and compounds it, as shown by a comprehensive meta-analysis of 93 studies. The collective societal burden arising from the augmented risks of cancer and cardiovascular disease attributable to diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine is higher than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Picano
- Cardiology Clinic, University Center Serbia, Medical School, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Eliseo Vano
- Cardiology Department, Medical Faculty, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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16
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Wang X, Pu J. Recent Advances in Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for Imaging of Acute Myocardial Infarction. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301170. [PMID: 37992241 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the primary causes of death worldwide, with a high incidence and mortality rate. Assessment of the infarcted and surviving myocardium, along with microvascular obstruction, is crucial for risk stratification, treatment, and prognosis in patients with AMI. Nonionizing radiation, excellent soft tissue contrast resolution, a large field of view, and multiplane imaging make cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) a "one-stop" method for assessing cardiac structure, function, perfusion, and metabolism. Hence, this imaging technology is considered the "gold standard" for evaluating myocardial function and viability in AMI. This review critically compares the advantages and disadvantages of CMR with other cardiac imaging technologies, and relates the imaging findings to the underlying pathophysiological processes in AMI. A more thorough understanding of CMR technology will clarify their advanced clinical diagnosis and prognostic assessment applications, and assess the future approaches and challenges of CMR in the setting of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jun Pu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, 200127, China
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17
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Strasser P, Schinegger V, Friske J, Brüggemann O, Helbich TH, Teasdale I, Pashkunova-Martic I. Superfluorinated, Highly Water-Soluble Polyphosphazenes as Potential 19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Contrast Agents. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:40. [PMID: 38391893 PMCID: PMC10890119 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
"Hot spot" 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has garnered significant attention recently for its ability to image various disease markers quantitatively. Unlike conventional gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents, which rely on proton signal modulation, 19F-MRI's direct detection has a unique advantage in vivo, as the human body exhibits a negligible background 19F-signal. However, existing perfluorocarbon (PFC) or PFC-based contrast materials suffer from several limitations, including low longitudinal relaxation rates and relatively low imaging efficiency. Hence, we designed a macromolecular contrast agent featuring a high number of magnetically equivalent 19F-nuclei in a single macromolecule, adequate fluorine nucleus mobility, and excellent water solubility. This design utilizes superfluorinated polyphosphazene (PPz) polymers as the 19F-source; these are modified with sodium mercaptoethanesulfonate (MESNa) to achieve water solubility exceeding 360 mg/mL, which is a similar solubility to that of sodium chloride. We observed substantial signal enhancement in MRI with these novel macromolecular carriers compared to non-enhanced surroundings and aqueous trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) used as a positive control. In conclusion, these novel water-soluble macromolecular carriers represent a promising platform for future MRI contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Strasser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Verena Schinegger
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Joachim Friske
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Structural and Molecular Preclinical Imaging, Medical University of Vienna and General Hospital of Vienna, 18-20 Währinger Gürtel, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas H Helbich
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Structural and Molecular Preclinical Imaging, Medical University of Vienna and General Hospital of Vienna, 18-20 Währinger Gürtel, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Irena Pashkunova-Martic
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Structural and Molecular Preclinical Imaging, Medical University of Vienna and General Hospital of Vienna, 18-20 Währinger Gürtel, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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18
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Udayakumar D, Madhuranthakam AJ, Doğan BE. Magnetic Resonance Perfusion Imaging for Breast Cancer. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2024; 32:135-150. [PMID: 38007276 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women worldwide, carrying a significant socioeconomic burden. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with 4 major subtypes identified. Each subtype has unique prognostic factors, risks, treatment responses, and survival rates. Advances in targeted therapies have considerably improved the 5-year survival rates for primary breast cancer patients largely due to widespread screening programs that enable early detection and timely treatment. Imaging techniques are indispensable in diagnosing and managing breast cancer. While mammography is the primary screening tool, MRI plays a significant role when mammography results are inconclusive or in patients with dense breast tissue. MRI has become standard in breast cancer imaging, providing detailed anatomic and functional data, including tumor perfusion and cellularity. A key characteristic of breast tumors is angiogenesis, a biological process that promotes tumor development and growth. Increased angiogenesis in tumors generally indicates poor prognosis and increased risk of metastasis. Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI measures tumor perfusion and serves as an in vivo metric for angiogenesis. DCE-MRI has become the cornerstone of breast MRI, boasting a high negative-predictive value of 89% to 99%, although its specificity can vary. This review presents a thorough overview of magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion imaging in breast cancer, focusing on the role of DCE-MRI in clinical applications and exploring emerging MR perfusion imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Udayakumar
- Department of Radiology, Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Ananth J Madhuranthakam
- Department of Radiology, Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Başak E Doğan
- Department of Radiology, Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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19
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Zeilinger MG, Giese D, Schmidt M, May MS, Janka R, Heiss R, Ammon F, Achenbach S, Uder M, Treutlein C. Highly accelerated, Dixon-based non-contrast MR angiography versus high-pitch CT angiography. LA RADIOLOGIA MEDICA 2024; 129:268-279. [PMID: 38017228 PMCID: PMC10879221 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-023-01752-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare a novel, non-contrast, flow-independent, 3D isotropic magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) sequence that combines respiration compensation, electrocardiogram (ECG)-triggering, undersampling, and Dixon water-fat separation with an ECG-triggered aortic high-pitch computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the aorta. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five patients with recent CTA were scheduled for non-contrast MRA on a 3 T MRI. Aortic diameters and cross-sectional areas were measured on MRA and CTA using semiautomatic measurement tools at 11 aortic levels. Image quality was assessed independently by two radiologists on predefined aortic levels, including myocardium, proximal aortic branches, pulmonary veins and arteries, and the inferior (IVC) and superior vena cava (SVC). Image quality was assessed on a 5-point Likert scale. RESULTS All datasets showed diagnostic image quality. Visual grading was similar for MRA and CTA regarding overall image quality (0.71), systemic arterial image quality (p = 0.07-0.91) and pulmonary artery image quality (p = 0.05). Both readers favored MRA for SVC and IVC, while CTA was preferred for pulmonary veins (all p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in aortic diameters or cross-sectional areas between native MRA and contrast-enhanced CTA (p = 0.08-0.94). CONCLUSION The proposed non-contrast MRA enables robust imaging of the aorta, its proximal branches and the pulmonary arteries and great veins with image quality and aortic diameters and cross-sectional areas comparable to that of CTA. Moreover, this technique represents a suitable free-breathing alternative, without the use of contrast agents or ionizing radiation. Therefore, it is especially suitable for patients requiring repetitive imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Georg Zeilinger
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Daniel Giese
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Magnetic Resonance, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Stefan May
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rolf Janka
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rafael Heiss
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian Ammon
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Cardiology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Achenbach
- Institute of Cardiology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Treutlein
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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20
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Wang LLW, Gao Y, Chandran Suja V, Boucher ML, Shaha S, Kapate N, Liao R, Sun T, Kumbhojkar N, Prakash S, Clegg JR, Warren K, Janes M, Park KS, Dunne M, Ilelaboye B, Lu A, Darko S, Jaimes C, Mannix R, Mitragotri S. Preclinical characterization of macrophage-adhering gadolinium micropatches for MRI contrast after traumatic brain injury in pigs. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadk5413. [PMID: 38170792 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adk5413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The choroid plexus (ChP) of the brain plays a central role in orchestrating the recruitment of peripheral leukocytes into the central nervous system (CNS) through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (BCSF) barrier in pathological conditions, thus offering a unique niche to diagnose CNS disorders. We explored whether magnetic resonance imaging of the ChP could be optimized for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). mTBI induces subtle, yet influential, changes in the brain and is currently severely underdiagnosed. We hypothesized that mTBI induces sufficient alterations in the ChP to cause infiltration of circulating leukocytes through the BCSF barrier and developed macrophage-adhering gadolinium [Gd(III)]-loaded anisotropic micropatches (GLAMs), specifically designed to image infiltrating immune cells. GLAMs are hydrogel-based discoidal microparticles that adhere to macrophages without phagocytosis. We present a fabrication process to prepare GLAMs at scale and demonstrate their loading with Gd(III) at high relaxivities, a key indicator of their effectiveness in enhancing image contrast and clarity in medical imaging. In vitro experiments with primary murine and porcine macrophages demonstrated that GLAMs adhere to macrophages also under shear stress and did not affect macrophage viability or functions. Studies in a porcine mTBI model confirmed that intravenously administered macrophage-adhering GLAMs provide a differential signal in the ChP and lateral ventricles at Gd(III) doses 500- to 1000-fold lower than those used in the current clinical standard Gadavist. Under the same mTBI conditions, Gadavist did not offer a differential signal at clinically used doses. Our results suggest that macrophage-adhering GLAMs could facilitate mTBI diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Li-Wen Wang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 20115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yongsheng Gao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 20115, USA
| | - Vineeth Chandran Suja
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 20115, USA
| | - Masen L Boucher
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Suyog Shaha
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 20115, USA
| | - Neha Kapate
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 20115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rick Liao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 20115, USA
| | - Tao Sun
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Ninad Kumbhojkar
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 20115, USA
| | - Supriya Prakash
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 20115, USA
| | - John R Clegg
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 20115, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Warren
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Morgan Janes
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 20115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kyung Soo Park
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 20115, USA
| | - Michael Dunne
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 20115, USA
| | - Bolu Ilelaboye
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Andrew Lu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Solomina Darko
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Camilo Jaimes
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rebekah Mannix
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 20115, USA
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21
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Sayah A, Khayat E, Lee ECC, Makariou EV. Accuracy of Noncontrast T2 SPACE in Active MS Cord Lesion Detection. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:1458-1463. [PMID: 38049982 PMCID: PMC10714856 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a8060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The diagnosis of active MS lesions is often based on postgadolinium T1-weighted MR imaging. Recent studies suggest a risk of IV gadolinium to patients, predominantly based on gadolinium deposition in tissue. Noncontrast sequences have shown promise in MS diagnosis, but none differentiate acute from chronic MS lesions. We hypothesized that 3D T2 sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts by using different flip angle evolution (SPACE) MR imaging can help detect and differentiate active-versus-chronic MS lesions without the need for IV contrast. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this single-center retrospective study, 340 spinal MR imaging cases of MS were collected in a 24-month period. Two senior neuroradiologists blindly and independently reviewed postcontrast T1-weighted sagittal and T2-SPACE sagittal images for the presence of MS lesions, associated cord expansion/atrophy on T2-SPACE, and enhancement on postcontrast T1WI. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus between the readers. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of T2-SPACE compared with postcontrast T1WI were computed, and interobserver agreement was calculated. RESULTS The sensitivity of lesion detection on T2-SPACE was 85.71%, 95% CI, 63.66%-96.95%; with a specificity of 93.52%, 95% CI, 90.06%-96.05%; and an accuracy of 92.99%, 95% CI, 89.58%-95.56. Additionally, 16/21 (84.2%) acute enhancing cord lesions showed cord expansion on T2-SPACE. The interobserver agreement was 92%. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that T2-SPACE facilitates noncontrast detection of acute MS lesions with high accuracy compared with postcontrast T1WI and with high interobserver agreement. The lack of gadolinium use provides an advantage, bypassing any potential adverse effects of repetitive contrast administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anousheh Sayah
- From the Department of Radiology (A.S., E.-C.C.L., E.V.M.), MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Elias Khayat
- Georgetown University School of Medicine (E.K.), Washington, DC
| | - Earn-Chun C Lee
- From the Department of Radiology (A.S., E.-C.C.L., E.V.M.), MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Erini V Makariou
- From the Department of Radiology (A.S., E.-C.C.L., E.V.M.), MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
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22
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Henoumont C, Devreux M, Laurent S. Mn-Based MRI Contrast Agents: An Overview. Molecules 2023; 28:7275. [PMID: 37959694 PMCID: PMC10648041 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MRI contrast agents are required in the clinic to detect some pathologies, such as cancers. Nevertheless, at the moment, only small extracellular and non-specific gadolinium complexes are available for clinicians. Moreover, safety issues have recently emerged concerning the use of gadolinium complexes; hence, alternatives are urgently needed. Manganese-based MRI contrast agents could be one of these alternatives and increasing numbers of studies are available in the literature. This review aims at synthesizing all the research, from small Mn complexes to nanoparticular agents, including theranostic agents, to highlight all the efforts already made by the scientific community to obtain highly efficient agents but also evidence of the weaknesses of the developed systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Henoumont
- NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, University of Mons, 19 Avenue Maistriau, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (C.H.)
| | - Marie Devreux
- NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, University of Mons, 19 Avenue Maistriau, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (C.H.)
| | - Sophie Laurent
- NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, University of Mons, 19 Avenue Maistriau, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (C.H.)
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), 8 Rue Adrienne Boland, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
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