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Jeon SM, Lee HB, Ha CH, Kim DH, Li CA, Song SH, Lee CJ, Han DK, Seong GH. High-Performance Electrochemical Creatinine Sensors Based on β-Lead Dioxide/Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Electrodes. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 39313954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Creatinine is an important biomarker of kidney function and muscular metabolism. In this paper, we developed the β-lead dioxide/single-walled carbon nanotube (β-PbO2/CNT) and the β-PbO2/CNT ion-selective electrode (β-PbO2/CNT/ISE), which were used as highly sensitive potentiometric sensors for creatinine detection. The fabricated electrodes exhibited highly pH-sensitive characteristics due to the synergistic effect of the electrochemical properties of CNT and β-PbO2. Moreover, an ammonium-ion-selective membrane coating allowed the β-PbO2/CNT electrode to be NH4+-selective for direct detection of the ammonium ion. By exploiting the electrochemical characteristics of these electrodes, the creatinine assay was established through the one-step selective conversion of creatinine by creatinine deiminase, in which the OH- and NH4+ generated by the enzymatic reaction were detected using β-PbO2/CNT and β-PbO2/CNT/ISE electrodes as pH- and NH4+-responsive sensors, respectively. The total creatinine assay can be completed within ∼5 min. The assay results from β-PbO2/CNT and β-PbO2/CNT/ISE showed excellent sensitivity values of -75.56 and 64.62 mV in the detection range of 10-400 μM with a fast response (20 s), and the limits of detection were calculated to be 0.06 and 0.13 μM, respectively. Moreover, the developed creatinine sensor showed high selectivity against 11 interfering bio/chemical species with negligible interferences (selectivity coefficient <10-4) and excellent repeatability (>97% within 25 cycles) and long-term stability for 4 weeks of storage. In addition, the feasibility and practicality of the device were successfully demonstrated in human serum tests, with recoveries of 95-104% for PbO2/CNT and 92-110% for PbO2/CNT/ISE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Jeon
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Been Lee
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyeon Ha
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyeon Kim
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheng Ai Li
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Center for Advanced Materials and Parts of Powders (CAMP2), Kongju National University, 1223-24, Cheonan-daero, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Song
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Center for Advanced Materials and Parts of Powders (CAMP2), Kongju National University, 1223-24, Cheonan-daero, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31080, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Jung Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ochang Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyoung Han
- Division of Materials Analysis and Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Hun Seong
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
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Shahzad U, Saeed M, Marwani HM, Al-Humaidi JY, Rehman SU, Althomali RH, Awual MR, Rahman MM. Recent Progress on Potentiometric Sensor Applications Based on Nanoscale Metal Oxides: A Comprehensive Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38593048 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2337876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors have been the subject of much research and development as of late, with several publications detailing new designs boasting enhanced performance metrics. That is, without a doubt, because such sensors stand out from other analytical tools thanks to their excellent analytical characteristics, low cost, and ease of use. Their progress has shown a trend toward seeking out novel useful nano structure materials. A variety of nanostructure metal oxides have been utilized in the creation of potentiometric sensors, which are the subject of this article. For screen-printed pH sensors, metal oxides have been utilized as sensing layers due to their mixed ion-electron conductivity and as paste-ion-selective electrode components and in solid-contact electrodes. Further significant uses include solid-contact layers. All the metal oxide uses mentioned are within the purview of this article. Nanoscale metal oxides have several potential uses in the potentiometry method, and this paper summarizes such uses, including hybrid materials and single-component layers. Potentiometric sensors with outstanding analytical properties can be manufactured entirely from metal oxides. These novel sensors outperform the more traditional, conventional electrodes in terms of useful characteristics. In this review, we looked at the potentiometric analytical properties of different building solutions with various nanoscale metal oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Shahzad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsin Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadi M Marwani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jehan Y Al-Humaidi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shujah Ur Rehman
- Institute of Energy & Environmental Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Raed H Althomali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Art and Science, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Al-Dawasir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Rabiul Awual
- Western Australian School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mohammed M Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Lenar N, Piech R, Wardak C, Paczosa-Bator B. Application of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in the Field of Potentiometric Sensors: A Review. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:876. [PMID: 37999362 PMCID: PMC10672869 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13110876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been rapid development of electrochemical sensors, and there have been numerous reports in the literature that describe new constructions with improved performance parameters. Undoubtedly, this is due to the fact that those sensors are characterized by very good analytical parameters, and at the same time, they are cheap and easy to use, which distinguishes them from other analytical tools. One of the trends observed in their development is the search for new functional materials. This review focuses on potentiometric sensors designed with the use of various metal oxides. Metal oxides, because of their remarkable properties including high electrical capacity and mixed ion-electron conductivity, have found applications as both sensing layers (e.g., of screen-printing pH sensors) or solid-contact layers and paste components in solid-contact and paste-ion-selective electrodes. All the mentioned applications of metal oxides are described in the scope of the paper. This paper presents a survey on the use of metal oxides in the field of the potentiometry method as both single-component layers and as a component of hybrid materials. Metal oxides are allowed to obtain potentiometric sensors of all-solid-state construction characterized by remarkable analytical parameters. These new types of sensors exhibit properties that are competitive with those of the commonly used conventional electrodes. Different construction solutions and various metal oxides were compared in the scope of this review based on their analytical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Lenar
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland; (N.L.)
| | - Robert Piech
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland; (N.L.)
| | - Cecylia Wardak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Square 3, PL-20031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Beata Paczosa-Bator
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland; (N.L.)
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Liang R, Zhong L, Zhang Y, Tang Y, Lai M, Han T, Wang W, Bao Y, Ma Y, Gan S, Niu L. Directly Using Ti 3C 2T x MXene for a Solid-Contact Potentiometric pH Sensor toward Wearable Sweat pH Monitoring. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:376. [PMID: 37103803 PMCID: PMC10141058 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The level of hydrogen ions in sweat is one of the most important physiological indexes for the health state of the human body. As a type of two-dimensional (2D) material, MXene has the advantages of superior electrical conductivity, a large surface area, and rich functional groups on the surface. Herein, we report a type of Ti3C2Tx-based potentiometric pH sensor for wearable sweat pH analysis. The Ti3C2Tx was prepared by two etching methods, including a mild LiF/HCl mixture and HF solution, which was directly used as the pH-sensitive materials. Both etched Ti3C2Tx showed a typical lamellar structure and exhibited enhanced potentiometric pH responses compared with a pristine precursor of Ti3AlC2. The HF-Ti3C2Tx disclosed the sensitivities of -43.51 ± 0.53 mV pH-1 (pH 1-11) and -42.73 ± 0.61 mV pH-1 (pH 11-1). A series of electrochemical tests demonstrated that HF-Ti3C2Tx exhibited better analytical performances, including sensitivity, selectivity, and reversibility, owing to deep etching. The HF-Ti3C2Tx was thus further fabricated as a flexible potentiometric pH sensor by virtue of its 2D characteristic. Upon integrating with a solid-contact Ag/AgCl reference electrode, the flexible sensor realized real-time monitoring of pH level in human sweat. The result disclosed a relatively stable pH value of ~6.5 after perspiration, which was consistent with the ex situ sweat pH test. This work offers a type of MXene-based potentiometric pH sensor for wearable sweat pH monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Li Niu
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (L.N.)
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5
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Pan M, Luo S, Yan B, Ye J, Zhang S. A Novel TiO2-SnO2 Micro-arc Oxidation Film pH Sensor prepared by Micro-arc Oxidation. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.117103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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6
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Tang Y, Zhong L, Wang W, He Y, Han T, Xu L, Mo X, Liu Z, Ma Y, Bao Y, Gan S, Niu L. Recent Advances in Wearable Potentiometric pH Sensors. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:504. [PMID: 35629830 PMCID: PMC9147059 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensors reflect the real-time physiological information and health status of individuals by continuously monitoring biochemical markers in biological fluids, including sweat, tears and saliva, and are a key technology to realize portable personalized medicine. Flexible electrochemical pH sensors can play a significant role in health since the pH level affects most biochemical reactions in the human body. pH indicators can be used for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases as well as the monitoring of biological processes. The performances and applications of wearable pH sensors depend significantly on the properties of the pH-sensitive materials used. At present, existing pH-sensitive materials are mainly based on polyaniline (PANI), hydrogen ionophores (HIs) and metal oxides (MOx). In this review, we will discuss the recent progress in wearable pH sensors based on these sensitive materials. Finally, a viewpoint for state-of-the-art wearable pH sensors and a discussion of their existing challenges are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Tang
- School of Civil Engineering, c/o Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.T.); (W.W.); (Y.H.); (T.H.); (L.X.); (X.M.); (Z.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Lijie Zhong
- School of Civil Engineering, c/o Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.T.); (W.W.); (Y.H.); (T.H.); (L.X.); (X.M.); (Z.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, c/o Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.T.); (W.W.); (Y.H.); (T.H.); (L.X.); (X.M.); (Z.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Ying He
- School of Civil Engineering, c/o Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.T.); (W.W.); (Y.H.); (T.H.); (L.X.); (X.M.); (Z.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Tingting Han
- School of Civil Engineering, c/o Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.T.); (W.W.); (Y.H.); (T.H.); (L.X.); (X.M.); (Z.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Longbin Xu
- School of Civil Engineering, c/o Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.T.); (W.W.); (Y.H.); (T.H.); (L.X.); (X.M.); (Z.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Xiaocheng Mo
- School of Civil Engineering, c/o Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.T.); (W.W.); (Y.H.); (T.H.); (L.X.); (X.M.); (Z.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Zhenbang Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, c/o Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.T.); (W.W.); (Y.H.); (T.H.); (L.X.); (X.M.); (Z.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.B.); (S.G.)
- School of Computer Science and Cyber Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingming Ma
- School of Civil Engineering, c/o Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.T.); (W.W.); (Y.H.); (T.H.); (L.X.); (X.M.); (Z.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Yu Bao
- School of Civil Engineering, c/o Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.T.); (W.W.); (Y.H.); (T.H.); (L.X.); (X.M.); (Z.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Shiyu Gan
- School of Civil Engineering, c/o Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.T.); (W.W.); (Y.H.); (T.H.); (L.X.); (X.M.); (Z.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Li Niu
- School of Civil Engineering, c/o Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.T.); (W.W.); (Y.H.); (T.H.); (L.X.); (X.M.); (Z.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.B.); (S.G.)
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Lin K, Xie J, Bao Y, Ma Y, Chen L, Wang H, Xu L, Tang Y, Liu Z, Sun Z, Gan S, Niu L. Self-adhesive and printable tannin–graphene supramolecular aggregates for wearable potentiometric pH sensing. Electrochem commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2022.107261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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8
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Kasi V, Sedaghat S, Alcaraz AM, Maruthamuthu MK, Heredia-Rivera U, Nejati S, Nguyen J, Rahimi R. Low-Cost Flexible Glass-Based pH Sensor via Cold Atmospheric Plasma Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:9697-9710. [PMID: 35142483 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many commercially available pH sensors are fabricated with a glass membrane as the sensing component because of several advantages of glass-based electrodes such as versatility, high accuracy, and excellent stability in various conditions. However, because of their bulkiness and poor mechanical properties, conventional glass-based sensors are not ideal for wearable or flexible applications. Here, we report for the first time the fabrication of a flexible glass-based pH sensor suitable for biomedical and environmental applications where flexibility and stability of the sensor are critical for long-term and real-time monitoring. The sensor was fabricated via a simple and facile approach using the cold atmospheric plasma technique in which a pH sensitive silica coating was deposited from a siloxane precursor onto a carbon electrode. In order to increase the sensitivity and stability of the sensor, we employed a postprocessing step which involves annealing of the silica coated electrode at elevated temperatures. This process was optimized to ensure that the crucial properties such as porosity and hydration functionality were balanced to obtain the best and most reliable sensitivity of the sensor. Our sensitivity test results indicated that these sensors exhibit excellent and stable sensitivity with a slope of about 48 mV/pH (r2 = 0.998) and selectivity across a pH range of 4 to 10 in the presence of various cations. The optimized sensor has shown stable sensitivity for a long period of time (30 h of immersion) and in different bending conditions. We demonstrate in this investigation that this flexible cost-effective pH sensor can withstand the sterilization process resulting from ultraviolet radiation and shows repeatable sensitivity with less than ±5 mV potential drift from the sensitivity values of the standard optimized sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkat Kasi
- School of Material Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sotoudeh Sedaghat
- School of Material Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Alejandro M Alcaraz
- School of Material Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Murali Kannan Maruthamuthu
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ulisses Heredia-Rivera
- School of Material Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sina Nejati
- School of Material Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Juliane Nguyen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Rahim Rahimi
- School of Material Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Helú MAB, Liu L. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) based 3D printing of microelectrodes and multi-electrode probes. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Vasilyeva MS, Rudnev VS, Zabudskaya NE, Ustinov AY, Zasukhina LA, Marinina GI. Preparation and Study of Ti/TiO2,SbOx pH Electrodes. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934820020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Effect of Oxidization Temperatures and Aging on Performance of Carbonate Melt Oxidized Iridium Oxide pH Electrode. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19214756. [PMID: 31683922 PMCID: PMC6865079 DOI: 10.3390/s19214756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Iridium oxide pH electrodes employing the carbonate melt oxidation method were fabricated with oxidation temperatures of 750 °C, 800 °C and 850 °C, respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) images showed that the oxide film regularized with the increase in oxidation temperatures. The pH response, response time and long-term stability of the electrodes indicated that the electrodes made at 850 °C had the best performance. X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) surveys investigated the change in the electrodes’ chemical composition and element oxidation states at 850 °C, and the results showed that the relative content of Ir3+ had increased by 23.9%, and the Ir4+ and Ir6+ had decreased by 10.9% and 13%, respectively, in the surface oxide layer after one month of aging. However, the relative contents of Ir3+, Ir4+ and Ir6+ were almost constant for the inner oxide layer. Meanwhile, the XPS result also indicated that the outer oxide layer of the electrode had a higher hydration degree than the inner oxide layer.
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Choi SJ, Savagatrup S, Kim Y, Lang JH, Swager TM. Precision pH Sensor Based on WO 3 Nanofiber-Polymer Composites and Differential Amplification. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2593-2598. [PMID: 31573180 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report a new type of potentiometric pH sensor with sensitivity exceeding the theoretical Nernstian behavior (-59.1 mV/pH). For the pH-sensitive electrode, 1D tungsten oxide (WO3) nanofibers (NFs) were prepared to obtain large surface area and high porosity. These NFs were then stabilized in a reactive porous chloromethylated triptycene poly(ether sulfone) (Cl-TPES) binder, to facilitate proton diffusion into the polymer membrane. The measurements were performed with a differential amplifier using matched MOSFETs and providing a 10-fold amplified signal over a simple potentiometric determination. A high pH sensitivity of -377.5 mV/pH and a linearity of 0.9847 were achieved over the pH range of 6.90-8.94. Improved signal-to-noise ratios with large EMF signal changes of 175 mV were obtained in artificial seawater ranging pH 8.07-7.64 (ΔpH = 0.43), which demonstrates a practical application for pH monitoring in ocean environments.
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Park HJ, Yoon JH, Lee KG, Choi BG. Potentiometric performance of flexible pH sensor based on polyaniline nanofiber arrays. NANO CONVERGENCE 2019; 6:9. [PMID: 30880366 PMCID: PMC6421353 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-019-0179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We report potentiometric performance of a polyaniline nanofiber array-based pH sensor fabricated by combining a dilute chemical polymerization and low-cost and simple screen printing process. The pH sensor had a two-electrode configuration consisting of polyaniline nanofiber array sensing electrode and Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Measurement of electromotive force between sensing and reference electrodes provided various electrochemical properties of pH sensors. The pH sensor show excellent sensor performances of sensitivity of 62.4 mV/pH, repeatability of 97.9% retention, response time of 12.8 s, and durability of 3.0 mV/h. The pH sensor could also measure pH changes as the milk is spoiled, which is similar to those of a commercial pH meter. The pH sensors were highly flexible, and thus can measure the fruit decay on the curved surface of an apple. This flexible and miniature pH sensor opens new opportunities for monitoring of water, product process, human health, and chemical (or bio) reactions even using small volumes of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jun Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, 346 Joongang-ro, Samcheok, Gangwon-do 25913 Republic of Korea
| | - Jo Hee Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, 346 Joongang-ro, Samcheok, Gangwon-do 25913 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung G. Lee
- Nano-Bio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Gill Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, 346 Joongang-ro, Samcheok, Gangwon-do 25913 Republic of Korea
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14
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Decreasing the time response of calibration-free pH sensors based on tungsten bronze nanocrystals. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Cheng X, Guo H, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Liu H, Yang Y. Oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol by non-radical mechanism using persulfate activated by Fe/S modified carbon nanotubes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 469:277-286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Characterization and application of a new pH sensor based on magnetron sputtered porous WO3 thin films deposited at oblique angles. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Liu M, Ma Y, Su L, Chou KC, Hou X. A titanium nitride nanotube array for potentiometric sensing of pH. Analyst 2016; 141:1693-9. [PMID: 26818696 DOI: 10.1039/c5an02675j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A titanium nitride nanotube array (TiN NTA) was fabricated through reduction and nitridation of TiO2 NTA obtained from anodic oxidation of titanium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Yanling Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Lei Su
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Kuo-Chih Chou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Xinmei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
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18
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Sim J, Kwon DS, Kim J. Acid-sensitive pH sensor using electrolysis and a microfluidic channel for read-out amplification. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05784h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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19
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Wen Y, Wang X. Characterization and application of a metallic tungsten electrode for potentiometric pH measurements. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2013.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Abstract
Fresh water deficiency caused by climate change calls for employing novel measures to ensure safety of drinking water supply. Wireless sensor networks can be used for monitoring hydrological conditions across wide area, allowing flow forecasting and early detection of pollutants. While there are no fundamental technological obstacles to implementation of large area sensor networks, their feasibility is constrained by unit cost of sensing nodes. This paper describes a low-cost pH sensor, intended for use in fresh water monitoring. The sensor was fabricated in a standard thick film process, and an off-the-shelf resistive paste was used as a sensing material. For the fabrication of sensor, RuO2 resistive paste was screen printed on the alumina substrate with silver conducting layer. Test solutions with pH ranging from 2 to 10 were prepared from HCl or KOH solutions. The potential difference between reference and sensing electrode (electromotive force emf of an electrochemical cell) should be proportional to the pH of a solution according to the Nernst equation. The fabricated sensor exhibits Nernstian response to pH. Influence of storage conditions on sensing performance was also investigated.
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21
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Sun W, Hu J. Voltammetric determination of theophylline in pharmaceutical formulations using aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs) film modified electrode. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934813080121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Switching between voltammetry and potentiometry in order to determine H+ or OH− ion concentration over the entire pH scale by means of tungsten disk electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Preparation and charge transfer properties of carbon nanotubes supported CdS/ZnO-NWs shell/core heterojunction. Electrochem commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2011.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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24
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Ye ML, Xu B, Zhang WD. Sputtering deposition of Pt nanoparticles on vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes for sensing L-cysteine. Mikrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-010-0508-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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26
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Xu B, Ye ML, Yu YX, Zhang WD. A highly sensitive hydrogen peroxide amperometric sensor based on MnO2-modified vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 674:20-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Xu B, Zhang WD. Modification of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes with RuO2 for a solid-state pH sensor. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.12.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Zhang WD, Chen J, Jiang LC, Yu YX, Zhang JQ. A highly sensitive nonenzymatic glucose sensor based on NiO-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Mikrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-010-0288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Zhang WD, Xu B, Jiang LC. Functional hybrid materials based on carbon nanotubes and metal oxides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b926341a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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