Lazanas A, Prodromidis MI. Electrochemical
Impedance Spectroscopy—A Tutorial.
ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2023;
3:162-193. [PMCID:
PMC10288619 DOI:
10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00070]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
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This tutorial provides the theoretical background, the
principles,
and applications of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in
various research and technological sectors. The text has been organized
in 17 sections starting with basic knowledge on sinusoidal signals,
complex numbers, phasor notation, and transfer functions, continuing
with the definition of impedance in electrical circuits, the principles
of EIS, the validation of the experimental data, their simulation
to equivalent electrical circuits, and ending with practical considerations
and selected examples on the utility of EIS to corrosion, energy related
applications, and biosensing. A user interactive excel file showing
the Nyquist and Bode plots of some model circuits is provided in the
Supporting Information. This tutorial aspires to provide the essential
background to graduate students working on EIS, as well as to endow
the knowledge of senior researchers on various fields where EIS is
involved. We also believe that the content of this tutorial will be
a useful educational tool for EIS instructors.
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