1
|
Morlock S, Subramanian SK, Zouni A, Lisdat F. Bio-inorganic hybrid structures for direct electron transfer to photosystem I in photobioelectrodes. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 214:114495. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
2
|
Pesticide Detection in Vegetable Crops Using Enzyme Inhibition Methods: a Comprehensive Review. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
3
|
Lettieri S, Battaglino B, Sacco A, Saracco G, Pagliano C. A green and easy-to-assemble electrochemical biosensor based on thylakoid membranes for photosynthetic herbicides detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 198:113838. [PMID: 34864246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report on an easy-to-assemble amperometric electrochemical biosensor incorporating thylakoid membranes for the detection of photosynthetic herbicides. These molecules interfere with the light-induced photosynthetic electron transport occurring at the level of the photosystems within the thylakoid membranes, thus reducing the current of the associated bioelectrode. Thylakoid membranes isolated from pea plants were adsorbed directly on a bare carbon paper working electrode and placed in the measurement cell in the absence of any electrochemical mediator, obtaining a fully environmental-friendly biodevice capable of photocurrent densities up to 14 μA/cm2. Three photosynthetic herbicides inhibiting Photosystem II and belonging to different chemical classes, namely diuron, terbuthylazine and metribuzin, were detected by measuring the electrode photocurrent, which decreased reproducibly in a concentration-dependent manner in a range between 10-7 - 5 × 10-5 M of each herbicide. The limit of detection for the three herbicides was between 4-6 × 10-7 M. Storage stability tests revealed for the biosensor a half-life longer than 15 days at 4 °C and full stability up to 4 months at -80 °C. This study provides a simple, environmental-friendly and cost-effective procedure for the fabrication of a mediatorless carbon paper-based electrochemical biosensor characterized by high photocurrents, long storage stability, reproducible detections and good sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Lettieri
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Sustainable Future Technologies - CSFT@POLITO, via Livorno, 60 - 10144 Torino, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Battaglino
- Politecnico di Torino, Applied Science and Technology Department-BioSolar Lab, Environment Park, Via Livorno 60, 10144, Torino, Italy.
| | - Adriano Sacco
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Sustainable Future Technologies - CSFT@POLITO, via Livorno, 60 - 10144 Torino, Italy.
| | - Guido Saracco
- Politecnico di Torino, Applied Science and Technology Department-BioSolar Lab, Environment Park, Via Livorno 60, 10144, Torino, Italy.
| | - Cristina Pagliano
- Politecnico di Torino, Applied Science and Technology Department-BioSolar Lab, Environment Park, Via Livorno 60, 10144, Torino, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Morlock S, Subramanian SK, Zouni A, Lisdat F. Scalable Three-Dimensional Photobioelectrodes Made of Reduced Graphene Oxide Combined with Photosystem I. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:11237-11246. [PMID: 33621059 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photobioelectrodes represent one of the examples where artificial materials are combined with biological entities to undertake semi-artificial photosynthesis. Here, an approach is described that uses reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as an electrode material. This classical 2D material is used to construct a three-dimensional structure by a template-based approach combined with a simple spin-coating process during preparation. Inspired by this novel material and photosystem I (PSI), a biophotovoltaic electrode is being designed and investigated. Both direct electron transfer to PSI and mediated electron transfer via cytochrome c from horse heart as redox protein can be confirmed. Electrode preparation and protein immobilization have been optimized. The performance can be upscaled by adjusting the thickness of the 3D electrode using different numbers of spin-coating steps during preparation. Thus, photocurrents up to ∼14 μA/cm2 are measured for 12 spin-coated layers of rGO corresponding to a turnover frequency of 30 e- PSI-1 s-1 and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 0.07% at a thickness of about 15 μm. Operational stability has been analyzed for several days. Particularly, the performance at low illumination intensities is very promising (1.39 μA/cm2 at 0.1 mW/cm2 and -0.15 V vs Ag/AgCl; EQE 6.8%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Morlock
- Biosystems Technology, Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedical Technologies, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, Wildau 15745, Germany
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Institute for Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Philippstraße 13, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Senthil K Subramanian
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Institute for Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Philippstraße 13, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Athina Zouni
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Institute for Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Philippstraße 13, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Fred Lisdat
- Biosystems Technology, Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedical Technologies, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, Wildau 15745, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang P, Zhao F, Hartmann V, Nowaczyk MM, Ruff A, Schuhmann W, Conzuelo F. Reassessing the rationale behind herbicide biosensors: The case of a photosystem II/redox polymer-based bioelectrode. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 136:107597. [PMID: 32674005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Interfacing photosynthetic protein complexes with electrodes is frequently used for the identification of electron transfer mechanisms and the fabrication of biosensors. Binding of herbicide compounds to the terminal plastoquinone QB at photosystem II (PSII) causes disruption of electron flow that is associated with a diminished performance of the associated biodevice. Thus, the principle of electron transport inhibition at PSII can be used for herbicide detection and has inspired the fabrication of several biosensors for this purpose. However, the biosensor performance may reveal a more complex behavior than generally expected. As we present here for a photobioelectrode constituted by PSII embedded in a redox polymer matrix, the effect caused by inhibitors does not only impact the electron transfer from PSII but also the properties of the polymer film used for immobilization and electrical wiring of the protein complexes. Incorporation of phenolic inhibitors into the polymer film surprisingly translates into enhanced photocurrents and, in particular cases, in a higher stability of the overall electrode architecture. The achieved results stress the importance to evaluate first the possible influence of analytes of interest on the biosensor architecture as a whole and provide important insights for consideration in future design of bioelectrochemical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wang
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Fangyuan Zhao
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Volker Hartmann
- Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Marc M Nowaczyk
- Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Adrian Ruff
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Felipe Conzuelo
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Grattieri M, Beaver K, Gaffney EM, Dong F, Minteer SD. Advancing the fundamental understanding and practical applications of photo-bioelectrocatalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8553-8568. [PMID: 32578607 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02672g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Photo-bioelectrocatalysis combines the natural and highly sophisticated process of photosynthesis in biological entities with an abiotic electrode surface, to perform semi-artificial photosynthesis. However, challenges must be overcome, from the establishment and understanding of the photoexcited electron harvesting process at the electrode to the electrochemical characterization of these biotic/abiotic systems, and their subsequent tuning for enhancing energy generation (chemical and/or electrical). This Feature Article discusses the various approaches utilized to tackle these challenges, particularly focusing on powerful multi-disciplinary approaches for understanding and improving photo-bioelectrocatalysis. Among them is the combination of experimental evidence and quantum mechanical calculations, the use of bioinformatics to understand photo-bioelectrocatalysis at a metabolic level, or bioengineering to improve and facilitate photo-bioelectrocatalysis. Key aspects for the future development of photo-bioelectrocatalysis are presented alongside future research needs and promising applications of semi-artificial photosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Grattieri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E Rm 2020, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tucci M, Bombelli P, Howe CJ, Vignolini S, Bocchi S, Schievano A. A Storable Mediatorless Electrochemical Biosensor for Herbicide Detection. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E630. [PMID: 31795453 PMCID: PMC6956157 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel mediatorless photo-bioelectrochemical sensor operated with a biofilm of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803 wt. for herbicide detection with long term stability (>20 days) was successfully developed and tested. Photoanodic current generation was obtained in the absence of artificial mediators. The inhibitory effect on photocurrent of three commonly used herbicides (i.e., atrazine, diuron, and paraquat) was used as a means of measuring their concentrations in aqueous solution. The injection of atrazine and diuron into the algal medium caused an immediate photocurrent drop due to the inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport. The detected concentrations were suitable for environmental analysis, as revealed by a comparison with the freshwater quality benchmarks set by the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States (US EPA). In contrast, paraquat caused an initial increase (~2 h) of the photocurrent effect of about 200%, as this compound can act as a redox mediator between the cells and the anode. A relatively long-term stability of the biosensor was demonstrated, by keeping anodes colonized with cyanobacterial biofilm in the dark at 4 °C. After 22 days of storage, the performance in terms of the photocurrent was comparable with the freshly prepared biosensor. This result was confirmed by the measurement of chlorophyll content, which demonstrated preservation of the cyanobacterial biofilm. The capacity of this biosensor to recover after a cold season or other prolonged environmental stresses could be a key advantage in field applications, such as in water bodies and agriculture. This study is a step forward in the biotechnological development and implementation of storable mediatorless electrochemical biosensors for herbicide detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tucci
- e-Bio Center, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20,133 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Paolo Bombelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 2, 20,133 Milano, Italy;
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK;
| | - Christopher J. Howe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK;
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK;
| | - Stefano Bocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 2, 20,133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Andrea Schievano
- e-Bio Center, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20,133 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tucci M, Grattieri M, Schievano A, Cristiani P, Minteer SD. Microbial amperometric biosensor for online herbicide detection: Photocurrent inhibition of Anabaena variabilis. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
9
|
Piotrowska P, Łazicka M, Palińska-Saadi A, Paterczyk B, Kowalewska Ł, Grzyb J, Maj-Żurawska M, Garstka M. Electrochemical characterization of LHCII on graphite electrodes - Potential-dependent photoactivation and arrangement of complexes. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 127:37-48. [PMID: 30690422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Light-dependent electrochemical properties of the light harvesting complexes of Photosystem II (LHCII) and the corresponding interactions with screen-printed graphite electrodes (GEs) are determined. No exogenous soluble redox mediators are used. LHCII isolated from spinach leaves are immobilized on GE by physical adsorption and through interactions with glutaraldehyde. Importantly, the insertion of LHCII into the pores of a GE is achieved by subjecting the electrode to specific potentials. Both trimeric and aggregated forms of LHCII located within the graphite layer retain their native structures. Voltammetric current peaks centred at ca. -230 and + 50 mV vs. Ag/AgCl (+94 and + 374 mV vs. NHE) limit the investigation of the reduction and oxidation processes of immobilized LHCII. An anodic photocurrent is generated in the LHCII-GE proportional to light intensity and can reach a value of 150 nA/cm2. Light-dependent charge separation in LHCII followed by electron transfer to the GE occurs only at potentials of above -200 mV vs. Ag/AgCl (+124 mV vs. NHE). Our results illustrate the importance of the structural proximity of LHCII and GE for photocurrent generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Piotrowska
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Łazicka
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adriana Palińska-Saadi
- Bioanalytical Laboratory, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bohdan Paterczyk
- Faculty of Biology, Laboratory of Electron and Confocal Microscopy, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łucja Kowalewska
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Grzyb
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Biophysics, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; Institute of Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Maj-Żurawska
- Bioanalytical Laboratory, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Laboratory of Basics of Analytical Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Garstka
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bucur B, Munteanu FD, Marty JL, Vasilescu A. Advances in Enzyme-Based Biosensors for Pesticide Detection. BIOSENSORS 2018; 8:E27. [PMID: 29565810 PMCID: PMC6022933 DOI: 10.3390/bios8020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The intensive use of toxic and remanent pesticides in agriculture has prompted research into novel performant, yet cost-effective and fast analytical tools to control the pesticide residue levels in the environment and food. In this context, biosensors based on enzyme inhibition have been proposed as adequate analytical devices with the added advantage of using the toxicity of pesticides for detection purposes, being more "biologically relevant" than standard chromatographic methods. This review proposes an overview of recent advances in the development of biosensors exploiting the inhibition of cholinesterases, photosynthetic system II, alkaline phosphatase, cytochrome P450A1, peroxidase, tyrosinase, laccase, urease, and aldehyde dehydrogenase. While various strategies have been employed to detect pesticides from different classes (organophosphates, carbamates, dithiocarbamates, triazines, phenylureas, diazines, or phenols), the number of practical applications and the variety of environmental and food samples tested remains limited. Recent advances focus on enhancing the sensitivity and selectivity by using nanomaterials in the sensor assembly and novel mutant enzymes in array-type sensor formats in combination with chemometric methods for data analysis. The progress in the development of solar cells enriched the possibilities for efficient wiring of photosynthetic enzymes on different surfaces, opening new avenues for development of biosensors for photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Bucur
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Centre of Bioanalysis, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Florentina-Daniela Munteanu
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, "Aurel Vlaicu" University of Arad, Elena Dragoi, No. 2, 310330 Arad, Romania.
| | - Jean-Louis Marty
- BAE Laboratory, Université de Perpignan via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France.
| | - Alina Vasilescu
- International Centre of Biodynamics, 1B Intrarea Portocalelor, 060101 Bucharest, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hasan K, Milton RD, Grattieri M, Wang T, Stephanz M, Minteer SD. Photobioelectrocatalysis of Intact Chloroplasts for Solar Energy Conversion. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamrul Hasan
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Ross D. Milton
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matteo Grattieri
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Tao Wang
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Megan Stephanz
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shelley D. Minteer
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Milton RD, Wang T, Knoche KL, Minteer SD. Tailoring Biointerfaces for Electrocatalysis. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:2291-301. [PMID: 26898265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectrocatalysis is an expanding research area due to the use of this type of electrocatalysis in electrochemical biosensors, biofuel cells, bioelectrochemical cells, and biosolar cells. This feature article discusses recent advancements in tailoring the biointerface between electrodes and biocatalysts for facile electrocatalysis. This includes the design of pyrene moieties for directing the orientation of biocatalysts on electrode surfaces and mediation as well as the rational design of redox polymers for self-exchange-based electron transport to/from biocatalysts and the electrode and the use of bioscaffolding techniques for designing the bioelectrode structure. However, recent advances in the past decade have shown the importance of hybrid bioelectrocatalytic systems, and future work will be needed to use these same pyrene, redox polymer, and bioscaffolding techniques for hybrid bioelectrocatalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross D Milton
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, University of Utah , 315 S. 1400 E, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Tao Wang
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, University of Utah , 315 S. 1400 E, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Krysti L Knoche
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, University of Utah , 315 S. 1400 E, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shelley D Minteer
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, University of Utah , 315 S. 1400 E, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rasmussen M, Minteer SD. Thylakoid direct photobioelectrocatalysis: utilizing stroma thylakoids to improve bio-solar cell performance. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:17327-31. [PMID: 25019197 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02754j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thylakoid membranes from spinach were separated into grana and stroma thylakoid fractions which were characterized by several methods (pigment content, protein gel electrophoresis, photosystem activities, and electron microscopy analysis) to confirm that the intact thylakoids were differentiated into the two domains. The results of photoelectrochemical experiments showed that stroma thylakoid electrodes generate photocurrents more than four times larger than grana thylakoids (51 ± 4 nA cm(-2) compared to 11 ± 1 nA cm(-2)). A similar trend was seen in a bio-solar cell configuration with stroma thylakoids giving almost twice the current (19 ± 3 μA cm(-2)) as grana thylakoids (11 ± 2 μA cm(-2)) with no change in open circuit voltage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Rasmussen
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E Rm 2020, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|