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Bootharaju MS, Baek W, Lee S, Chang H, Kim J, Hyeon T. Magic-Sized Stoichiometric II-VI Nanoclusters. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2002067. [PMID: 33164322 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Metal chalcogenide nanomaterials have gained widespread interest in the past two decades for their potential optoelectronic, energy, and catalytic applications. The colloidal growth of various forms of these materials, such as nanowires, platelets, and lamellar assemblies, proceeds through certain thermodynamically stable, ultrasmall (<2 nm) intermediates called magic-sized nanoclusters (MSCs). Due to quantum confinement and its resultant intriguing properties, isolation or direct synthesis of MSCs and their structure characterization, which is very much challenging, are current topics of fundamental and applied scientific research. By comprehensive understanding of the structure-activity relationships in MSCs, the nucleation and growth processes can be manipulated, resulting in the synthesis of novel metal chalcogenide materials for various applications. This review focuses on recent advances in the chemical synthesis, characterization, and theoretical calculations of CdSe and its related II-VI nanoclusters. It highlights the studies of photophysical and magneto-optical properties as well as heteroatom doping of MSCs followed by their chemical transformation to high-dimensional nanostructures. At the end of the review, future directions and possible ways to overcome the challenges in the research of semiconductor MSCs are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megalamane S Bootharaju
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woonhyuk Baek
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghwa Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hogeun Chang
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhee Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Hesari M, Ding Z. Spooling electrochemiluminescence spectroscopy: development, applications and beyond. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:2109-2130. [PMID: 33731962 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the most widely used techniques to generate light through an efficient electron transfer is called electrochemiluminescence, or electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL). ECL mechanisms can be explored via 'spooling spectroscopy' in which individual ECL spectra showing emitted light are collected continuously during a potentiodynamic course. The obtained spectra are spooled together and plotted along the applied potential axis; because the potential sweep occurs at a defined rate, this axis is directly proportional to time. Any changes in the emission spectra can be correlated to the corresponding potentials and/or times, leading to a deeper understanding of the mechanism for light generation-information that can be used for efficiently maximizing ECL intensities. The formation of intermediates and excited states can also be tracked, which is crucial to interrogating and drawing electron transfer pathways (i.e., understanding the chemical reaction mechanism). Spooling spectroscopy is not limited to ECL; we also include instructions for the use of related methodologies, such as spooling photoluminescence spectroscopy during an electrolysis procedure, which can be easily set up. The total time required to complete the protocol is ~49 h, from making electrodes and an ECL cell, fabricating light-tight housing, to setting up instruments. Preparing the lab for an individual experiment (making an electrolyte solution of a targeted luminophore, cooling down the CCD camera, calibrating the spectrometer and surveying electrochemistry) takes ~1 h 15 min, and performing the spooling ECL spectroscopy experiment itself requires ~10 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Hesari
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Zou R, Lin Y, Lu C. Nitrogen Vacancy Engineering in Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Strong, Stable, and Wavelength Tunable Electrochemiluminescence Emissions. Anal Chem 2021; 93:2678-2686. [PMID: 33459017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As an attractive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitter, graphitic carbon nitride (CN) still suffers from weak and unstable ECL signals for its poor conductivity and the occurrence of electrode passivation. In this study, a simple nitrogen vacancy (NV) engineering strategy has been developed for the improvement of ECL performances (intensity and stability) for the first time. In comparison to pristine CN (RSD = 51.98% for 10 continuous scan), ca. 60 times amplification in ECL intensity and 70 times enhancement in ECL efficiency for CN modified with NVs (CN-NVs) were obtained. In addition, more stable ECL emissions (RSD = 0.53%) were achieved for CN-NV-550 by thermal treatment of pristine CN in a N2 atmosphere for another 2 h at 550 °C. The mechanism study for the vital role of NVs on the ECL of CN-NVs revealed that NVs can not only facilitate electron transfer to amplify the ECL intensity but also serve as the electron trap to inhibit electrode passivation. More interestingly, a series of CN-NVs exhibited a tunable ECL wavelength range from 470 to 516 nm with different NV contents. Moreover, their ECL spectra showed an obvious red-shift of the wavelength with their corresponding fluorescence spectra. These findings confirmed that the ECL emissions of CN-NVs were susceptible to the relevant surface states of NVs. Our work may open up a promising pathway for improving ECL performances of CN and create new possibilities for multitarget simultaneous detection based on ECL and construction of color tunable light-emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Wang F, Lin J, Yu S, Cui X, Ali A, Wu T, Liu Y. Anti-Site Defects-Assisted Enhancement of Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence from in Situ Mn 2+-Doped Supertetrahedral Chalcogenide Nanoclusters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:38223-38229. [PMID: 30362345 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and revealing the connection between defects and dopant for improving electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) efficiency remain a constant challenge. In this work, the in situ Mn2+-doped Mn1.36Zn5.64In28S56 supertetrahedral chalcogenide semiconductor nanoclusters (NCs) with an ECL efficiency as high as 27.1% was obtained, the corresponding ECL behaviors were investigated, and the vital role of more anti-site defects (ADs) introduced in situ on the ECL emission was elucidated. The ADs can not only give rise to the ECL emission peak at 494 nm but also assist transfer of electrons to induce and enhance the ECL emission at 627 nm from doped Mn2+ in the NCs. Furthermore, based on the fact that dissolved oxygen can enhance the ECL intensity, a highly sensitive ECL sensor for the determination of dissolved oxygen was developed. This insight into the fundamental interactions between Mn2+ dopants and defects in NC host may open new opportunities for the design of novel ECL materials to promote their application potential in electrochemical analysis and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE and Department of Materials Science , Jilin University , Changchun , China , 130012
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation , Tsinghua University , Beijing , China , 100084
| | - Jian Lin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China , 215123
| | - Shansheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE and Department of Materials Science , Jilin University , Changchun , China , 130012
| | - Xiaoqiang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE and Department of Materials Science , Jilin University , Changchun , China , 130012
| | - Asghar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation , Tsinghua University , Beijing , China , 100084
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China , 215123
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation , Tsinghua University , Beijing , China , 100084
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Wang F, Lin J, Wang H, Yu S, Cui X, Ali A, Wu T, Liu Y. Precise mono-Cu + ion doping enhanced electrogenerated chemiluminescence from Cd-In-S supertetrahedral chalcogenide nanoclusters for dopamine detection. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:15932-15937. [PMID: 30116817 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05046e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the ECL behaviors of precise mono-Cu+ ion doped Cd-In-S supertetrahedral chalcogenide nanoclusters (Cu@CdInS NCs) were investigated, and the effect of mono-Cu+ ions at the vacancy site of NCs on ECL emission performance was also elucidated. Precise mono-Cu+ ion doping not only induced new ECL emission at 596 nm with enhanced efficiency as high as 21.72% relative to [Ru(bpy)3]2+, but also improved acid tolerance of the ECL performances of NCs. In addition, a simple, fast and label-free dopamine ECL sensor with excellent selectivity was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE and Department of Materials Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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Electrogenerated chemiluminescence from the monomer of a tetradentate chelate Pt(II) compound. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Zhang SH, Wang JM, Zhang HY, Fan YP, Xiao Y. Highly efficient electrochemiluminescence based on 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole Schiff base two-dimensional Zn/Cd coordination polymers. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:410-419. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04059d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ComplexesHL1andHL2and1–4exhibit a stronger ECL emission and complexes1–4exhibit higher stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hua Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Hidden Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Development of New Materials in Guangxi (College of Chemistry and Bioengineering)
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin 541004
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Ming Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Hidden Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Development of New Materials in Guangxi (College of Chemistry and Bioengineering)
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin 541004
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yang Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Hidden Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Development of New Materials in Guangxi (College of Chemistry and Bioengineering)
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin 541004
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Peng Fan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Hidden Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Development of New Materials in Guangxi (College of Chemistry and Bioengineering)
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin 541004
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Hidden Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Development of New Materials in Guangxi (College of Chemistry and Bioengineering)
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin 541004
- People's Republic of China
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Chauhan P, Chu K, Yan N, Ding Z. Comparison study of electrochemiluminescence of boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes in aprotic and aqueous solutions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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