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Sainio S, Leppänen E, Mynttinen E, Palomäki T, Wester N, Etula J, Isoaho N, Peltola E, Koehne J, Meyyappan M, Koskinen J, Laurila T. Integrating Carbon Nanomaterials with Metals for Bio-sensing Applications. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:179-190. [PMID: 31520316 PMCID: PMC6968979 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Age structure in most developed countries is changing fast as the average lifespan is increasing significantly, calling for solutions to provide improved treatments for age-related neurological diseases and disorders. In order to address these problems, a reliable way of recording information about neurotransmitters from in vitro and in vivo applications is needed to better understand neurological diseases and disorders as well as currently used treatments. Likewise, recent developments in medicine, especially with the opioid crisis, are demanding a swift move to personalized medicine to administer patient needs rather than population-wide averages. In order to enable the so-called personalized medicine, it is necessary to be able to do measurements in vivo and in real time. These actions require sensitive and selective detection of different analytes from very demanding environments. Current state-of-the-art materials are unable to provide sensitive and selective detection of neurotransmitters as well as the required time resolution needed for drug molecules at a reasonable cost. To meet these challenges, we have utilized different metals to grow carbon nanomaterials and applied them for sensing applications showing that there are clear differences in their electrochemical properties based on the selected catalyst metal. Additionally, we have combined atomistic simulations to support optimizing materials for experiments and to gain further understanding of the atomistic level reactions between different analytes and the sensor surface. With carbon nanostructures grown from Ni and Al + Co + Fe hybrid, we can detect dopamine, ascorbic acid, and uric acid simultaneously. On the other hand, nanostructures grown from platinum provide a feasible platform for detection of H2O2 making them suitable candidates for enzymatic biosensors for detection of glutamate, for example. Tetrahedral amorphous carbon electrodes have an ability to detect morphine, paracetamol, tramadol, and O-desmethyltramadol. With carbon nanomaterial-based sensors, it is possible to reach metal-like properties in sensing applications using only a fraction of the metal as seed for the material growth. We have also seen that by using nanodiamonds as growth catalyst for carbon nanofibers, it is not possible to detect dopamine and ascorbic acid simultaneously, although the morphology of the resulting nanofibers is similar to the ones grown using Ni. This further indicates the importance of the metal selection for specific applications. However, Ni as a continuous layer or as separate islands does not provide adequate performance. Thus, it appears that metal nanoparticles combined with fiber-like morphology are needed for optimized sensor performance for neurotransmitter detection. This opens up a new research approach of application-specific nanomaterials, where carefully selected metals are integrated with carbon nanomaterials to match the needs of the sensing application in question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Sainio
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Elli Leppänen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Elsi Mynttinen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Tommi Palomäki
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Niklas Wester
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jarkko Etula
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Noora Isoaho
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Emilia Peltola
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jessica Koehne
- Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA, 94035, USA
| | - M Meyyappan
- Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Jari Koskinen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Tomi Laurila
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
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Chatard C, Sabac A, Moreno-Velasquez L, Meiller A, Marinesco S. Minimally Invasive Microelectrode Biosensors Based on Platinized Carbon Fibers for in Vivo Brain Monitoring. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:1751-1760. [PMID: 30648158 PMCID: PMC6311694 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The ability to monitor the chemical composition of brain interstitial fluid remains an important challenge in the field of bioanalytical chemistry. In particular, microelectrode biosensors are a promising resource for the detection of neurochemicals in interstitial fluid in both animals and humans. These biosensors can provide second-by-second temporal resolution and enzymatic recognition of virtually any redox or nonredox molecule. However, despite miniaturization of these sensors to 50-250 μm in diameter to avoid vascular and cellular injury, inflammation and foreign-body reactions still occur following their implantation. Here, we fabricated microelectrodes with platinized carbon fibers to create biosensors that have an external diameter that is less than 15 μm. Platinization was achieved with physical vapor deposition, and increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide and improved enzymatic detection were observed for these carbon fiber microelectrodes. When these devices were implanted in the brains of rats, no injuries to the parenchyma or brain blood vessels were detected. In addition, these microelectrodes provided different estimates of basal glucose, lactate, and oxygen concentrations compared to conventional biosensors. Induction of spreading depolarization in the cerebral cortex further demonstrated the greater sensitivity of our microelectrodes to dynamic neurochemical changes. Thus, these minimally invasive devices represent a major advance in our ability to analyze brain interstitial fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Chatard
- INSERM
U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Team TIGER, Lyon Neuroscience
Research Center—CRNL, Lyon 69373 Cedex 08, France
- AniRA—Neurochem
Technological Platform, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, Lyon 69373 Cedex 08, France
- INSA
de Lyon, Villeurbanne 69100, France
- Université
Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon 69100, France
| | - Andrei Sabac
- CNRS
UMR5270, Lyon Nanotechnologies Institute—INL, Villeurbanne 69621, France
- CNRS
UMR5005, Ampère Laboratory, Villeurbanne 69621, France
- INSA
de Lyon, Villeurbanne 69100, France
| | - Laura Moreno-Velasquez
- INSERM
U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Team TIGER, Lyon Neuroscience
Research Center—CRNL, Lyon 69373 Cedex 08, France
- Université
Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon 69100, France
| | - Anne Meiller
- AniRA—Neurochem
Technological Platform, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, Lyon 69373 Cedex 08, France
- Université
Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon 69100, France
| | - Stephane Marinesco
- INSERM
U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Team TIGER, Lyon Neuroscience
Research Center—CRNL, Lyon 69373 Cedex 08, France
- AniRA—Neurochem
Technological Platform, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, Lyon 69373 Cedex 08, France
- Université
Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon 69100, France
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Isoaho N, Sainio S, Wester N, Botello L, Johansson LS, Peltola E, Climent V, Feliu JM, Koskinen J, Laurila T. Pt-grown carbon nanofibers for detection of hydrogen peroxide. RSC Adv 2018; 8:12742-12751. [PMID: 35541272 PMCID: PMC9079629 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01703d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Removal of left-over catalyst particles from carbon nanomaterials is a significant scientific and technological problem. Here, we present the physical and electrochemical study of application-specific carbon nanofibers grown from Pt-catalyst layers. The use of Pt catalyst removes the requirement for any cleaning procedure as the remaining catalyst particles have a specific role in the end-application. Despite the relatively small amount of Pt in the samples (7.0 ± 0.2%), they show electrochemical features closely resembling those of polycrystalline Pt. In O2-containing environment, the material shows two separate linear ranges for hydrogen peroxide reduction: 1–100 μM and 100–1000 μM with sensitivities of 0.432 μA μM−1 cm−2 and 0.257 μA μM−1 cm−2, respectively, with a 0.21 μM limit of detection. In deaerated solution, there is only one linear range with sensitivity 0.244 μA μM−1 cm−2 and 0.22 μM limit of detection. We suggest that the high sensitivity between 1 μM and 100 μM in solutions where O2 is present is due to oxygen reduction reaction occurring on the CNFs producing a small additional cathodic contribution to the measured current. This has important implications when Pt-containing sensors are utilized to detect hydrogen peroxide reduction in biological, O2-containing environment. Application specific Pt-grown carbon nanofibers for H2O2 detection were characterized and the roles of dissolved oxygen and chloride ions on the electrochemical performance were assessed in detail.![]()
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