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Romo AIB, Bello L, Pudar S, Ibrahim N, Wang Y, Baran MJ, Wu Q, Ewoldt RH, Helms BA, Sing C, Rodríguez-López J. Controlling Charge Percolation in Solutions of Metal Redox Active Polymers: Implications of Microscopic Polyelectrolyte Dynamics on Macroscopic Energy Storage. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17474-17486. [PMID: 38860830 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Soluble redox-active polymers (RAPs) enable size-exclusion nonaqueous redox flow batteries (NaRFBs) which promise high energy density. Pendants along the RAPs not only store charge but also engage in electron transfer to varying extents based on their designs. Here, we explore these phenomena in Metal-containing Redox Active Polymers (M-RAPs, M = Ru, Fe, Co). We assess by using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry with ultramicroelectrodes the current response to electrolyte concentration spanning 3 orders of magnitude. Currents scaled as Ru-RAP > Fe-RAP ≫ Co-RAP, consistent with electron self-exchange trends in the small molecule analogues of the MII/III redox pair. Varying the ionic strength of the electrolyte also revealed nonmonotonic behavior, evidencing the impact of polyelectrolytic dynamics on M-RAP redox response. We developed a model to account for the behavior by combining kinetic Monte Carlo and Brownian dynamics near a boundary representing an electrode. While 1D pendant-to-pendant charge transfer along the chain is not a strong function of electrolyte concentration, the microstructure of the RAP at different electrolyte concentrations is decisively impacted, yielding qualitative trends to those observed experimentally. M-RAP size-exclusion NaRFBs using a poly viologen as negolyte varied in average potential with ∼1.54 V for Ru-RAP, ∼1.37 V for Fe-RAP, and ∼0.52 V for Co-RAP. Comparison of batteries at their optimal and suboptimal solution conditions as gauged from analytical experiments showed clear correlations in performance. This work provides a blueprint for understanding the factors underpinning charge transfer in solutions of RAPs for batteries and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo I B Romo
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Liliana Bello
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Sanja Pudar
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | | | - Yilin Wang
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Miranda J Baran
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Randy H Ewoldt
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Brett A Helms
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Charles Sing
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-López
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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Kim S, Alayande AB, Eisa T, Jang J, Kang Y, Yang E, Hwang MH, Kim IS, Chae KJ. Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of a Cation Exchange Membrane Using Graphene Oxide/Polyethersulfone Composite Nanofibers. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:633. [PMID: 37504999 PMCID: PMC10383261 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13070633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Ion exchange membranes, especially cation exchange membranes (CEMs), are an important component in membrane-based energy generation and storage because of their ability to transport cations via the electrochemical potential gradient while preventing electron transport. However, developing a CEM with low areal resistance, high permselectivity, and stability remains difficult. In this study, electrospun graphene oxide/polyethersulfone (GO/PES) composite nanofibers were prepared with varying concentrations of GO. To fabricate a CEM, the pores of the electrospun GO/PES nanofiber substrates were filled with a Nafion ionomer. The pore-filled PES nanofiber loaded with 1% GO revealed a noticeable improvement in hydrophilicity, structural morphology, and mechanical properties. The 1% GO/PES pore-filled CEM was compared to a Nafion membrane of a varying thickness and without a nanofiber substrate. The CEM with a nanofiber substrate showed permselectivity of 85.75%, toughness of 111 J/m3, and areal resistance of 3.7 Ω cm2, which were 12.8%, 4.3 times, and 4.0 times better, respectively, than those of the Nafion membrane at the same thickness. The development of a reinforced concrete-like GO/PES nanofiber structure containing stretchable ionomer-enhanced membrane surfaces exhibited suitable areal resistance and reduced the thickness of the composite membrane without compromising the mechanical strength, suggesting its potential application as a cation exchange membrane in electrochemical membrane-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhun Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Abayomi Babatunde Alayande
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyoung 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Tasnim Eisa
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Jang
- KEPCO Research Institute (KEPRI), Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO), Naju 58277, Republic of Korea
| | - Yesol Kang
- Starch & Sweetener R&D Department, Daesang Corporation, Seoul 07789, Republic of Korea
| | - Euntae Yang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyoung 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Hyun Hwang
- Institute of Conversions Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - In S Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Jung Chae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
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Glazkov A, Pichugov R, Loktionov P, Konev D, Tolstel D, Petrov M, Antipov A, Vorotyntsev MA. Current Distribution in the Discharge Unit of a 10-Cell Vanadium Redox Flow Battery: Comparison of the Computational Model with Experiment. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1167. [PMID: 36422159 PMCID: PMC9698378 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Shunting currents are among the main problems of all-vanadium redox flow battery stacks since, in addition to capacity losses, they cause negative effects associated with the local destruction of electrodes and bipolar plates. The values of both the shunting currents and their destructive effects on materials can be reduced at the battery development stage by adjusting the resistance of the electrolyte supply channels. The solution to this problem can be found using a calculation model for current distribution based on the current balance in the nodes as well as voltage drops and electromotive force in internal circuits according to Kirchhoff's laws. This paper presents the verification of the model of current distribution in an all-vanadium redox flow battery stack of an original design that allows for the determination of membrane-electrode assembly resistances and electrolyte supply channels via direct measurements. Based on a comparison of the calculated and experimental values of the coulombic efficiency of charge-discharge cycles, the capacity fade associated with the crossover of vanadium compounds through the membrane has been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Glazkov
- EMCPS Department, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman Pichugov
- EMCPS Department, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Loktionov
- EMCPS Department, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Dmitry Konev
- EMCPS Department, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Dmitry Tolstel
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Petrov
- EMCPS Department, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly Antipov
- EMCPS Department, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Vorotyntsev
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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Petrov M, Chikin D, Abunaeva L, Glazkov A, Pichugov R, Vinyukov A, Levina I, Motyakin M, Mezhuev Y, Konev D, Antipov A. Mixture of Anthraquinone Sulfo-Derivatives as an Inexpensive Organic Flow Battery Negolyte: Optimization of Battery Cell. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:912. [PMID: 36295671 PMCID: PMC9607404 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid (2,7-AQDS) is a promising organic compound, which is considered as a negolyte for redox flow batteries as well as for other applications. In this work we carried out a well-known reaction of anthraquinone sulfonation to synthesize 2,7-AQDS in mixture with other sulfo-derivatives, namely 2,6-AQDS and 2-AQS. Redox behavior of this mixture was evaluated with cyclic voltammetry and was almost identical to 2,7-AQDS. Mixture was then assessed as a potential negolyte of anthraquinone-bromine redox flow battery. After adjusting membrane-electrode assembly composition (membrane material and flow field)), the cell demonstrated peak power density of 335 mW cm-2 (at SOC 90%) and capacity utilization, capacity retention and energy efficiency of 87.9, 99.6 and 64.2%, respectively. These values are almost identical or even higher than similar values for flow battery with 2,7-AQDS as a negolyte, while the price of mixture is significantly lower. Therefore, this work unveils the promising possibility of using a mixture of crude sulfonated anthraquinone derivatives mixture as an inexpensive negolyte of RFB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Petrov
- EMCPS Department, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Chikin
- EMCPS Department, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lilia Abunaeva
- EMCPS Department, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem Glazkov
- EMCPS Department, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman Pichugov
- EMCPS Department, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Vinyukov
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Irina Levina
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Motyakin
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yaroslav Mezhuev
- Department of Biomaterials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Konev
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Anatoly Antipov
- EMCPS Department, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
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