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Woodley SK, Agostini G, Jones DK, Relyea RA. Salinization and Low-dose Levels of Pesticides alter Brain Shape of Larval Amphibians. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 362:125027. [PMID: 39332802 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
Wetland communities are increasingly threatened by multiple stressors simultaneously, such as pesticides and salinization. We examined the effects of ecologically-relevant exposures to broad-spectrum insecticides and salinization on amphibian neurodevelopment, which is strongly linked to how organisms respond behaviorally to environmental change. Prior research showed that exposure to trace concentrations of an organophosphate pesticide (chlorpyrifos) altered the brain shape and behavior of larval and metamorphic amphibians. It is unknown whether brain shape is altered by additional pesticides and road salt. Using outdoor mesocosms, we tested whether salt (NaCl) and representatives from three pesticide families (organophosphates, pyrethroids, and neonicotinoids) altered tadpole (Lithobates pipiens) brain shape. Of the two organophosphates, chlorpyrifos induced relatively longer telencephalon lengths relative to body mass, consistent with previous studies, but malathion had no effect on brain shape. Of the two pyrethroids, permethrin, but not cypermethrin, increased telencephalon length. For the neonicotinoids, there were marginally significant effects of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam on telencephalon length. Thus, the impacts of pesticides on brain shape was not dictated by pesticide family. Exposure to relatively high concentrations of salt resulted in brains that were less wide but had longer optic tecta. Although we failed to find strong interactive effect of salt with pesticides, there was some weak, nonsignificant, evidence that exposure to salt masked responses to pesticides. Together, our results indicate that environmentally realistic levels of pesticides and salinization can alter larval brain shape. Our study highlights the importance of studying the impacts of naturally-occurring levels of pesticides and salinization on vertebrate neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Woodley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282 USA.
| | - Gabriela Agostini
- Institute of Ecology, Genetic and Evolution of Buenos Aires. CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina; COANA. Amphibian Conservation in Argentina, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Devin K Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180-3590 USA
| | - Rick A Relyea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180-3590 USA
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2
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Zhou C, Fu W, Wei X, Zhang Z, Wang B, Fang X. Association between early-life mosquito repellents exposure and ADHD-like behaviours. J Public Health (Oxf) 2024; 46:366-375. [PMID: 38841748 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdae076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited research has explored the impact of mosquito repellents exposure during early life on ADHD symptoms. This study aimed to explore the associations of exposure to mosquito repellents from pregnancy to 3 years old and the prevalence of ADHD-like behaviours among children aged 3-9 years, and further identify the sensitive exposure period. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 12 275 children in Hefei City, China. Exposure was self-reported via primary caregivers. ADHD-like behaviours were measured by the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham, version IV scale (SNAP-IV), and Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS). Cross-over analysis, binary logistic regression and linear regression were employed. RESULTS After adjusting for confounding variables, early-life exposure to mosquito repellents was associated with a higher risk of ADHD-like behaviours (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.49-2.19). By comparing the strength of the association for each subgroup, we found exposure during 1-3 years old was a sensitive period (OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.25-2.87) by the cross-over analysis. Furthermore, we found a dose-response relationship in which the likelihood of ADHD-like behaviours increased with children's early-life mosquito repellents exposure dose. CONCLUSIONS Early-life exposure to mosquito repellents is linked with an elevated risk of ADHD-like behaviours in children, with a sensitive period identified during 1-3 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Weiwen Fu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xinyu Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zixing Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xinyu Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China
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Garud A, Pawar S, Patil MS, Kale SR, Patil S. A Scientific Review of Pesticides: Classification, Toxicity, Health Effects, Sustainability, and Environmental Impact. Cureus 2024; 16:e67945. [PMID: 39328626 PMCID: PMC11426366 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.67945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the years, the use of pesticides has risen significantly, primarily to combat undesirable organisms that threaten crucial crops. A variety of pesticides are available, each designed to protect crops from specific threats like fungi, bacteria, and other pests. Other than crop protection, pesticides are also used in controlling insect vector-borne diseases like malaria and Lyme disease in humans. However, the application of these pesticides must be carefully measured and managed to prevent adverse effects on humans, non-target animals, and the environment. This review delves into the detailed classification of pesticides, exploring their mechanisms of action, applications, benefits, and potential side effects. Understanding the different categories of pesticides, such as herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, rodenticides, and biopesticides, helps us comprehend how each function to control pests. Additionally, we discuss the advantages of pesticide use, including increased crop yields and the prevention of crop diseases, which contribute to food security and agricultural productivity. This review also addresses the significant concerns related to pesticide usage, such as the development of pest resistance, health risks to humans through exposure and residues in food, as well as the impact on biodiversity and ecosystems. The review emphasizes the importance of using pesticides responsibly and implementing integrated pest management strategies to mitigate this risk of exposure. By providing a comprehensive overview of pesticide classification, mechanisms of action, and implications, this review aims to inform and guide us to the safe and effective use of pesticides for daily agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Garud
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad, IND
| | - Satyajeet Pawar
- Microbiology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad, IND
| | - Monika S Patil
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad, IND
| | - Shivani R Kale
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad, IND
| | - Satish Patil
- Microbiology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad, IND
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Ommati MM, Nozhat Z, Sabouri S, Kong X, Retana-Márquez S, Eftekhari A, Ma Y, Evazzadeh F, Juárez-Rojas L, Heidari R, Wang HW. Pesticide-Induced Alterations in Locomotor Activity, Anxiety, and Depression-like Behavior Are Mediated through Oxidative Stress-Related Autophagy: A Persistent Developmental Study in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11205-11220. [PMID: 38708789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF), dichlorvos (DDV), and cypermethrin (CP), as commonly used pesticides, have been implicated in inducing neuropsychiatric disorders, such as anxiety, depression-like behaviors, and locomotor activity impairment. However, the exact molecular mechanisms of these adverse effects, particularly in both sexes and their next-generation effects, remain unclear. In this study, we conducted behavioral analysis, along with cellular assays (monodansylcadaverine staining) and molecular investigations (qRT-PCR and western blotting of mTOR, P62, and Beclin-1) to clear the potential role of autophagy in pesticide-induced behavioral alterations. For this purpose, 42 adult female and 21 male inbred ICR mice (F0) were distributed into seven groups. Maternal mice (F0) and 112 F1 offspring were exposed to 0.5 and 1 ppm of CPF, DDV, and CP through drinking water. F1 male and female animals were studied to assess the sex-specific effects of pesticides on brain tissue. Our findings revealed pronounced anxiogenic effects and impaired locomotor activity in mice. F1 males exposed to CPF (1 ppm) exhibited significantly elevated depression-like behaviors compared to other groups. Moreover, pesticide exposure reduced mTOR and P62 levels, while enhancing the Beclin-1 gene and protein expression. These changes in autophagy signaling pathways, coupled with oxidative and neurogenic damage in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, potentially contribute to heightened locomotor activity, anxiety, and depression-like behaviors following pesticide exposure. This study underscores the substantial impact of pesticides on both physiological and behavioral aspects, emphasizing the necessity for comprehensive assessments and regulatory considerations for pesticide use. Additionally, the identification of sex-specific responses presents a crucial dimension for pharmaceutical sciences, highlighting the need for tailored therapeutic interventions and further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471000, China
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71468 64685, Iran
| | - Zahra Nozhat
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Samira Sabouri
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Xiangdong Kong
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Socorro Retana-Márquez
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México City 09340, Mexico
| | - Aziz Eftekhari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Yanqin Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Fatemeh Evazzadeh
- Department of Psychology, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Lizbeth Juárez-Rojas
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México City 09340, Mexico
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71468 64685, Iran
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471000, China
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Hughes S, Hessel EVS. Zebrafish and nematodes as whole organism models to measure developmental neurotoxicity. Crit Rev Toxicol 2024; 54:330-343. [PMID: 38832580 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2024.2342448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite the growing epidemiological evidence of an association between toxin exposure and developmental neurotoxicity (DNT), systematic testing of DNT is not mandatory in international regulations for admission of pharmaceuticals or industrial chemicals. However, to date around 200 compounds, ranging from pesticides, pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals, have been tested for DNT in the current OECD test guidelines (TG-443 or TG-426). There are calls for the development of new approach methodologies (NAMs) for DNT, which has resulted in a DNT testing battery using in vitro human cell-based assays. These assays provide a means to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of toxicity in humans which is lacking in animal-based toxicity tests. However, cell-based assays do not represent all steps of the complex process leading to DNT. Validated models with a multi-organ network of pathways that interact at the molecular, cellular and tissue level at very specific timepoints in a life cycle are currently missing. Consequently, whole model organisms are being developed to screen for, and causally link, new molecular targets of DNT compounds and how they affect whole brain development and neurobehavioral endpoints. Given the practical and ethical restraints associated with vertebrate testing, lower animal models that qualify as 3 R (reduce, refine and replace) models, including the nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans) and the zebrafish (Danio rerio) will prove particularly valuable for unravelling toxicity pathways leading to DNT. Although not as complex as the human brain, these 3 R-models develop a complete functioning brain with numerous neurodevelopmental processes overlapping with human brain development. Importantly, the main signalling pathways relating to (neuro)development, metabolism and growth are highly conserved in these models. We propose the use of whole model organisms specifically zebrafish and C. elegans for DNT relevant endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Hughes
- Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, A-LIFE, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen V S Hessel
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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6
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Normann SS, Beck IH, Nielsen F, Andersen MS, Bilenberg N, Jensen TK, Andersen HR. Prenatal exposure to pyrethroids and chlorpyrifos and IQ in 7-year-old children from the Odense Child Cohort. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2024; 103:107352. [PMID: 38636567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphates and pyrethroids are two major groups of insecticides used for crop protection worldwide. They are neurotoxicants and exposure during vulnerable windows of brain development may have long-term impact on human neurodevelopment. Only few longitudinal studies have investigated associations between prenatal exposure to these substances and intelligence quotient (IQ) at school age in populations with low, mainly dietary, exposure. OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between maternal urinary concentrations of insecticide metabolites at gestational week 28 and IQ in offspring at 7-years of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data was derived from the Odense Child Cohort (OCC). Metabolites of chlorpyrifos (TCPy) and pyrethroids (3-PBA, cis- and trans-DCCA, 4-F-3PBA, cis-DBCA) were measured in maternal urine collected at gestational week (GW) 28. An abbreviated version of the Danish Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children fifth edition (WISC-V) consisting of four subtests to estimate full scale IQ (FSIQ) was administered by trained psychologists. Data were analyzed by use of multiple linear regression and adjusted for confounders. RESULTS 812 mother/child-pairs were included. Median concentrations were 0.21 μg/L for 3-PBA, 1.67 μg/L for TCPy and the mean IQ for children were 99.4. Null association between maternal 3-PBA and child IQ at 7 years was seen, but with trends suggesting an inverse association. There was a significant association for maternal TCPy and child IQ at mid-level exposure. Trans-DCCA above the level of detection (LOD) was also associated with slightly lower child IQ, but the association was also not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS We found no significant associations between maternal 3-PBA metabolites and child IQ at 7 years, but with trends suggesting an inverse association. A non-significant trend between maternal TCPy exposure and child IQ in 7-year-children was seen even in this low exposed population. Given the widespread exposure and increasing use of insecticides, this should be elaborated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Søgaard Normann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Iben Have Beck
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Flemming Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Niels Bilenberg
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Mental Health Services in Region of Southern Denmark, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; OPEN Patient data Explorative Network, Odense, Denmark
| | - Helle Raun Andersen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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7
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Li S, Zhao M, Zhang S, Yang R, Yin N, Wang H, Faiola F. Assessing developmental neurotoxicity of emerging environmental chemicals using multiple in vitro models: A comparative analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123743. [PMID: 38462195 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Newly synthesized chemicals are being introduced into the environment without undergoing proper toxicological evaluation, particularly in terms of their effects on the vulnerable neurodevelopment. Thus, it is important to carefully assess the developmental neurotoxicity of these novel environmental contaminants using methods that are closely relevant to human physiology. This study comparatively evaluated the potential developmental neurotoxicity of 19 prevalent environmental chemicals including neonicotinoids (NEOs), organophosphate esters (OPEs), and synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) at environment-relevant doses (100 nM and 1 μM), using three commonly employed in vitro neurotoxicity models: human neural stem cells (NSCs), as well as the SK-N-SH and PC12 cell lines. Our results showed that NSCs were more sensitive than SK-N-SH and PC12 cell lines. Among all the chemicals tested, the two NEOs imidaclothiz (IMZ) and cycloxaprid (CYC), as well as the OPE tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), generated the most noticeable perturbation by impairing NSC maintenance and neuronal differentiation, as well as promoting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process, likely via activating NF-κB signaling. Our data indicate that novel NEOs and OPEs, particularly IMZ, CYC, and TDCIPP, may not be safe alternatives as they can affect NSC maintenance and differentiation, potentially leading to neural tube defects and neuronal differentiation dysplasia in fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuxian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Renjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Hailin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Harmon O'Driscoll J, McGinley J, Healy MG, Siggins A, Mellander PE, Morrison L, Gunnigle E, Ryan PC. Stochastic modelling of pesticide transport to drinking water sources via runoff and resulting human health risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170589. [PMID: 38309350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
A modelling framework was developed to facilitate a probabilistic assessment of health risks posed by pesticide exposure via drinking water due to runoff, with the inclusion of influential site conditions and in-stream processes. A Monte-Carlo based approach was utilised to account for the inherent variability in pesticide and population properties, as well as site and climatic conditions. The framework presented in this study was developed with an ability to integrate different data sources and adapt the model for various scenarios and locations to meet the users' needs. The results from this model can be used by farm advisors and catchment managers to identify lower risk pesticides for use for given soil and site conditions and implement risk mitigation measures to protect water resources. Pesticide concentrations in surface water, and their risk of regulatory threshold exceedances, were simulated for fifteen pesticides in an Irish case study. The predicted concentrations in surface water were then used to quantify the level of health risk posed to Irish adults and children. The analysis indicated that herbicides triclopyr and MCPA occur in the greatest concentrations in surface water, while mecoprop was associated with the highest potential for health risks. The study found that the modelled pesticides posed little risk to human health under current application patterns and climatic conditions in Ireland using international acceptable intake values. A sensitivity study conducted examined the impact seasonal conditions, timing of application, and instream processes, have on the transport of pesticides to drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Harmon O'Driscoll
- Discipline of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - J McGinley
- Civil Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - M G Healy
- Civil Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - A Siggins
- Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - P-E Mellander
- Agricultural Catchments Programme, Teagasc Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - L Morrison
- Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Earth and Ocean Sciences, Earth and Life Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - E Gunnigle
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - P C Ryan
- Discipline of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University College Cork, Ireland; Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland.
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Hao F, Bu Y, Huang S, Li W, Feng H, Wang Y. Maternal exposure to deltamethrin during pregnancy and lactation impairs neurodevelopment of male offspring. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 274:116196. [PMID: 38461575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DM) is a highly effective and widely used pyrethroid pesticide. It is an environmental factor affecting public and occupational health and exerts direct toxic effects on the central nervous system. As the major target organs for neurotoxicity of DM, the hippocampus and the cerebellum are critical to the learning and motor function. Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups and gavaged at doses of 0, 1, 4or 10 mg/kg/d DM from gestational day (GD) 0 to postnatal day (PN) 21. The PC12 cells were selected to further verify the regulatory mechanisms of DM on the neurodevelopmental injury. We found that maternal exposure to DM caused learning, memory and motor dysfunction in male offspring. Maternal exposure to DM induced the decrease in the density of hippocampal dendritic spines in male offspring through the reduced expression of M1 mAchRs, which in turn reduced the mediated AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, contributing to the inhibition of dynamic changes of GluA1. Meanwhile, DM exposure inhibited the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway, thereby reducing phosphorylation of stathmin and impairing cerebellar purkinje cell dendrite growth and development. Taken together, maternal exposure to DM during pregnancy and lactation could impair neurodevelopment of male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; The Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dalian Jinzhou New District, Dalian, China
| | - Ye Bu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Planned Immunization, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, China
| | - Shasha Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wanqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huiwen Feng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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10
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Zhu K, Wan Y, Zhu B, Zhu Y, Wang H, Jiang Q, Feng Y, Xiang Z, Song R. Exposure to organophosphate, pyrethroid, and neonicotinoid insecticides and dyslexia: Association with oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123362. [PMID: 38237851 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphates (OPPs), pyrethroids (PYRs), and neonicotinoids (NNIs) are three major classes of insecticides used worldwide. They might compromise child neurodevelopment. However, few studies have explored the association between exposure to them and dyslexia. The present study aimed to investigate the association between dyslexia and exposure to the three classes of insecticides, as well as explore the potential role of oxidative stress in the association. A total of 355 dyslexic children and 390 controls were included in this study. The exposure biomarkers were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Specifically, the exposure biomarkers included three typical metabolites of OPPs, three of PYRs, and nine of NNIs. Additionally, three typical oxidative stress biomarkers, namely, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) for DNA damage, 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG) for RNA damage, and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-mercapturic acid (HNEMA) for lipid peroxidation were measured. The detection frequencies of the urinary biomarkers ranged from 83.9% to 100%. Among the target metabolites of the insecticides, a significant association was observed between urinary 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy, the metabolite of chlorpyrifos, an OPP insecticide) and dyslexia. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, children in the highest quartile of TCPy levels had an increased odds of dyslexia (odds ratio [OR], 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03, 2.75] in comparison to those in the lowest quartile. Among the three oxidative stress biomarkers, urinary HNEMA concentration showed a significant relationship with dyslexia. Children in the highest quartile of HNEMA levels demonstrated an increased dyslexic odds in comparison to those in the lowest quartile after multiple adjustments (OR, 1.64; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.65). Mediation analysis indicated a significant effect of HNEMA in the association between urinary TCPy and dyslexia, with an estimate of 17.2% (P < 0.01). In conclusion, this study suggested the association between urinary TCPy and dyslexia. The association could be attributed to lipid peroxidation partially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiheng Zhu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Center for Public Health Laboratory Service, Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430024, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Disease Control, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Haoxue Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yanan Feng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhen Xiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ranran Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Yan S, Sun W, Tian S, Meng Z, Diao J, Zhou Z, Li L, Zhu W. Pre-mating nitenpyram exposure in male mice leads to depression-like behavior in offspring by affecting tryptophan metabolism in gut microbiota. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 137:120-130. [PMID: 37980001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have confirmed that the health status of the paternal affects the health of the offspring, however, it remains unknown whether paternal exposure to pesticides affect the offspring health. Here, we used untargeted metabolomics and 16S rRNA sequencing technology, combined with tail suspension test and RT-qPCR to explore the effects of paternal exposure to nitenpyram on the neurotoxicity of offspring. Our results found that the paternal exposure to nitenpyram led to the offspring's depressive-like behaviors, accompanied by the reduction of tryptophan content and the disorder of microbial abundance in the gut of the offspring. Further, we determined the expression of tryptophan metabolism-related genes tryptophanase (tnaA) and tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TpH1) in gut bacteria and colonic tissues. We found that tryptophan is metabolized to indoles rather than being absorbed into colonocytes, which coursed the reduce of tryptophan availability after nitenpyram exposure. In conclusion, our study deepens our understanding of the intergenerational toxic effects of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sinuo Tian
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiyuan Meng
- College of Plant Protection/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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12
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Wang A, Wan Y, Qi W, Mahai G, Qian X, Zheng T, Li Y, Xu S, Xiao H, Xia W. Urinary biomarkers of exposure to organophosphate, pyrethroid, neonicotinoid insecticides and oxidative stress: A repeated measurement analysis among pregnant women. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169565. [PMID: 38145670 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to insecticides may be associated with increased oxidative stress (OS), but few studies have assessed the associations of OS biomarkers (OSBs) with exposure to multiple insecticides and their mixture, especially in pregnant women who are a vulnerable population. In the present study, 1,094 Chinese pregnant women were recruited and a total of 3,282 urine samples were collected at their three trimesters to measure eight metabolites of organophosphates, three metabolites of pyrethroids, nine typical neonicotinoids/their metabolites, and three OSBs of DNA damage (8-OHdG), RNA damage (8-OHG), and lipid peroxidation (HNE-MA). Among the twenty target insecticide metabolites, sixteen of them were frequently detected; thirteen of them were detected in over 86% of all the urine samples except for imidacloprid (IMI, detection frequency: 72.9%), desnitro-imidacloprid (DN-IMI, 70.0%), and clothianidin (CLO, 79.6%). The reproducibility of their concentrations across the three trimesters was poor to fair (intraclass correlation coefficients <0.50). Multiparity and warm season were related to higher urinary levels of some insecticide metabolites, while higher education level and inadequate weight gain during pregnancy were significantly associated with lower concentrations of certain insecticide metabolites. Linear mixed model analyses suggested that almost all the frequently detected insecticide metabolites [other than 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA)] were significantly associated with elevated levels of the three OSBs (8-OHdG, 8-OHG, and HNE-MA), where the percent change (Δ%) ranged 8.10-36.0% for 8-OHdG, 8.49-34.7% for 8-OHG, and 5.92-182% for HNE-MA, respectively, with each interquartile ratio (IQR)-fold increase in the concentrations of the individual exposure biomarkers. Weighted quantile sum models demonstrated that the insecticide metabolite mixture was positively associated with the three OSBs. Overall, urinary desmethyl-clothianidin (DM-CLO) and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy) were the top insecticide exposure biomarkers contributing to the association with 8-OHdG and 8-OHG levels, while PNP contributed the most to the association with HNE-MA levels. These findings suggested that gestational exposure to organophosphates, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, their transformation products, and their mixture may increase oxidative damage to lipids, RNA, and DNA during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhen Wang
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Center for Public Health Laboratory Service, Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention & Control, Wuhan, Hubei 430024, PR China.
| | - Wei Qi
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430040, PR China
| | - Gaga Mahai
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
| | - Xi Qian
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
| | - Tongzhang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
| | - Han Xiao
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430016, PR China.
| | - Wei Xia
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430016, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
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Biosca-Brull J, Basaure P, Guardia-Escote L, Cabré M, Blanco J, Morales-Navas M, Sánchez-Santed F, Colomina MT. Environmental exposure to chlorpyrifos during gestation, APOE polymorphism and the risk on autistic-like behaviors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116969. [PMID: 37659636 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses several neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by communication and social impairment, as well as repetitive patterns of behavior. However, it can co-occur with other mental conditions such as anxiety. The massive use of chlorpyrifos (CPF) has been linked to the increased prevalence of developmental disorders. Likewise, ASD has also been closely linked to a wide variety of genetic factors. The aims of the present investigation are to study how gestational CPF exposure and APOE polymorphism affects communication skills, early development and mid-term anxiety-like behaviors, as well as, changes in gene expression related to the cholinergic system. C57BL/6J and humanized apoE3 and apoE4 homozygous mice were exposed to 0 or 1 mg/kg/day of CPF through the diet, from gestational day (GD) 12-18. In addition, a group of C57BL/6J females were injected subcutaneously with 300 mg/kg/day of valproic acid (VPA) on GD 12 and 13. This group was used as a positive control for studying some core and associated autism-like behaviors. Communication skills by means of ultrasonic vocalizations and physical/motor development were assessed during the preweaning period, whereas locomotor activity, anxiety-like behaviors and the gene expression of cholinergic elements were evaluated during adolescence. Our results showed that C57BL/6J mice prenatally exposed to CPF or VPA showed a decrease in body weight and a delay in eye opening. Communication and anxiety behavior were affected differently depending on treatment, while gene expression was altered by sex and treatment. In addition, none of the parameters evaluated in apoE transgenic mice exposed to CPF were affected, but there were differences between genotypes. Therefore, we suggest that prenatal CPF exposure and VPA produce divergent effects on communication and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Biosca-Brull
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TECNATOX), Reus, Spain.
| | - Pia Basaure
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Laia Guardia-Escote
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Cabré
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Blanco
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TECNATOX), Reus, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Reus, Spain
| | - Miguel Morales-Navas
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Santed
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Colomina
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TECNATOX), Reus, Spain.
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14
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Urionabarrenetxea E, Casás C, Garcia-Velasco N, Santos MJG, Tarazona JV, Soto M. Environmental risk assessment of PPP application in European soils and potential ecosystem service losses considering impacts on non-target organisms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 266:115577. [PMID: 37839184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of Plant Protection Products (PPPs) is leading to high exposure scenarios with potential risk to soil organisms, including non-target species. Assessment of the effects of PPPs on non-target organisms is one of the most important components of environmental risk assessment (ERA) since they play crucial functions in ecosystems, being main driving forces in different soil processes. As part of the framework, EFSA is proposing the use of the ecosystem services approach for setting specific protection goals. In fact, the services provided by soil organisms can be impacted by the misuse of PPPs in agroecosystems. The aim of this work was to assess PPPs potential risk upon ecosystem services along European soils, considering impacts on earthworms and collembola. Four well-known (2 insecticides-esfenvalerate and cyclaniliprole- and 2 fungicides - picoxystrobin and fenamidone-) worst case application (highest recommended application) were studied; exploring approaches for linked observed effects with impacts on ecosystem services, accounting for their mode of action (MoA), predicted exposure, time-course effects in Eisenia fetida and Folsomia sp. and landscape variability. The selected fungicides exerted more effects than insecticides on E. fetida, whereas few effects were reported for both pesticides regarding Folsomia sp. The most impacted ecosystem services after PPP application to crops appeared to be habitat provision, soil formation and retention, nutrient cycling, biodiversity, erosion regulation, soil remediation/waste treatment and pest and disease regulation. The main factors to be taken into account for a correct PPP use management in crops are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Urionabarrenetxea
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Carmen Casás
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nerea Garcia-Velasco
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Miguel J G Santos
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Via Carlo Magno 1/A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Jose V Tarazona
- Risk Assessment Unit. Spanish National Environmental Health Centre, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manu Soto
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.
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15
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Wang A, Wan Y, Mahai G, Qian X, Li Y, Xu S, Xia W. Association of Prenatal Exposure to Organophosphate, Pyrethroid, and Neonicotinoid Insecticides with Child Neurodevelopment at 2 Years of Age: A Prospective Cohort Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:107011. [PMID: 37856202 PMCID: PMC10586492 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widespread insecticide exposure might be a risk factor for neurodevelopment of our children, but few studies examined the mixture effect of maternal coexposure to organophosphate insecticides (OPPs), pyrethroids (PYRs), and neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs) during pregnancy on child neurodevelopment, and critical windows of exposure are unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the association of prenatal exposure to multiple insecticides with children's neurodevelopment and to identify critical windows of the exposure. METHODS Pregnant women were recruited into a prospective birth cohort study in Wuhan, China, from 2014-2017. Eight metabolites of OPPs (mOPPs), three metabolites of PYRs (mPYRs), and nine metabolites of NNIs (mNNIs) were measured in 3,123 urine samples collected at their first, second, and third trimesters. Children's neurodevelopment [mental development index (MDI) and psychomotor development index (PDI)] was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 2 years of age (N = 1,041 ). Multivariate linear regression models, generalized estimating equation models, and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were used to estimate the association between the insecticide metabolites and Bayley scores. Potential sex-specific associations were also examined. RESULTS Single chemical analysis suggested higher urinary concentrations of some insecticide metabolites at the first trimester were significantly associated with lower MDI and PDI scores, and the associations were more prominent among boys. Each 1-unit increase in ln-transformed urinary concentrations of two mOPPs, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol and 4-nitrophenol, was associated with a decrease of 3.16 points [95% confidence interval (CI): - 5.59 , - 0.74 ] and 3.06 points (95% CI: - 5.45 , - 0.68 ) respectively in boys' MDI scores. Each 1-unit increase in that of trans-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid (trans-DCCA; an mPYR) was significantly associated with a decrease of 2.24 points (95% CI: - 3.89 , - 0.58 ) in boys' MDI scores and 1.90 points (95% CI: - 3.16 , - 0.64 ) in boys' PDI scores, respectively. Significantly positive associations of maternal urinary biomarker concentrations [e.g., dimethyl phosphate (a nonspecific mOPP) and desmethyl-clothianidin (a relatively specific mNNI)] with child neurodevelopment were also observed. Using repeated holdout validation, a 1-quartile increase in the WQS index of the insecticide mixture (in the negative direction) at the first trimester was significantly associated with a decrease of 3.02 points (95% CI: - 5.47 , - 0.57 ) in MDI scores among the boys, and trans-DCCA contributed the most to the association (18%). CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to higher levels of certain insecticides and their mixture were associated with lower Bayley scores in children, particularly in boys. Early pregnancy may be a sensitive window for such an effect. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12097.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Center for Public Health Laboratory Service, Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention & Control, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Gaga Mahai
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xi Qian
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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16
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Mesquita AF, Gonçalves FJM, Gonçalves AMM. Effects of Inorganic and Organic Pollutants on the Biomarkers' Response of Cerastoderma edule under Temperature Scenarios. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1756. [PMID: 37760058 PMCID: PMC10525251 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is increased chemical pollution, and climate change is a major concern to scientific, political and social communities globally. Marine systems are very susceptible to changes, and considering the ecological and economic roles of bivalve species, like Cerastoderma edule, studies evaluating the effects of both stressors are of great importance. This study intends to (a) determine the toxicity of copper (Cu) and oxyfluorfen at the lethal level, considering the temperature; (b) assess the changes in the antioxidant defence enzymes as a consequence of the simultaneous exposure to chemical and warming pressures; and (c) determine if lipid peroxidation (LPO) and neurotoxic effects occur after the exposure to chemical and temperature stressors. C. edule was exposed to Cu and oxyfluorfen at different temperatures (15 °C, 20 °C and 25 °C) for 96 h. The ecotoxicological results reveal a higher tolerance of C. edule to oxyfluorfen than to Cu, regardless of the temperature. The antioxidant defence system revealed efficiency in fighting the chemicals' action, with no significant changes in the thiobarbituric reactive species (TBARS) levels to 15 °C and 20 °C. However, a significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was observed on the organisms exposed to oxyfluorfen at 20 °C, as well as a decreasing trend on the ones exposed to Cu at this temperature. Moreover, the catalase (CAT) showed a significant increase in the organisms exposed to the two highest concentrations of Cu at 15 °C and in the ones exposed to the highest concentration of oxyfluorfen at 20 °C. Looking at the temperature as a single stressor, the organisms exposed to 25 °C revealed a significant increase in the TBARS level, suggesting potential LPO and explaining the great mortality at this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia F. Mesquita
- Department of Biology and CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.F.M.); (F.J.M.G.)
| | - Fernando J. M. Gonçalves
- Department of Biology and CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.F.M.); (F.J.M.G.)
| | - Ana M. M. Gonçalves
- Department of Biology and CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.F.M.); (F.J.M.G.)
- University of Coimbra, MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET—Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Robea MA, Petrovici A, Ureche D, Nicoara M, Ciobica AS. Histopathological and Behavioral Impairments in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Chronically Exposed to a Cocktail of Fipronil and Pyriproxyfen. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1874. [PMID: 37763278 PMCID: PMC10533071 DOI: 10.3390/life13091874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lately, the high incidence of pesticide usage has attracted everyone's interest due to the serious effects produced. Fipronil (FIP) is a phenylpyrazole compound that acts on the insect's GABA neurotransmitter by inhibiting its activity. Moreover, the literature reports highlight its implication in neurodevelopmental abnormalities and oxidative stress production in different organisms. Similarly, pyriproxyfen (PYR) is known to affect insect activity by mimicking the natural hormones involved in the maturation of the young insects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of the mixture of these pesticides on the tissues and behavior of zebrafish. METHODS To assess the influence of this cocktail on zebrafish, three groups of animals were randomly selected and exposed to 0, 0.05, and 0.1 mg L-1 FIP and PYR mixture for five days. The fish were evaluated daily by the T-maze tests for locomotor activity and the light-dark test and recordings lasted four min. The data were quantified using the EthoVision software. RESULTS Our results indicated significant changes in locomotor activity parameters that showed increased levels following exposure to the mixture of FIP and PYR. On the other hand, the mixture also triggered anxiety in the zebrafish, which spent more time in the light area than in the dark area. In addition, mixture-induced histological changes were observed in the form of numerous hemosiderin deposits found in various zebrafish tissues. CONCLUSIONS The current findings indicate that the mixture of FIP and PYR can have considerable consequences on adult zebrafish and may promote or cause functional neurological changes in addition to histological ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Andreea Robea
- Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 700505 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Adriana Petrovici
- Department of Preclinics, University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iasi, Romania
- Regional Center of Advanced Research for Emerging Diseases, Zoonoses and Food Safety, 700490 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Molecular Biology, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, 700489 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dorel Ureche
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Ecology and Environmental Protection, University “Vasile Alecsandri”, 600115 Bacau, Romania
| | - Mircea Nicoara
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 700505 Iasi, Romania
- Doctoral School of Geosciences, Faculty of Geography and Geology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin Stelian Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 700505 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, 700506 Iasi, Romania
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Saito H, Furukawa Y, Sasaki T, Kitajima S, Kanno J, Tanemura K. Behavioral effects of adult male mice induced by low-level acetamiprid, imidacloprid, and nicotine exposure in early-life. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1239808. [PMID: 37662107 PMCID: PMC10469492 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1239808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acetamiprid (ACE) and imidacloprid (IMI), the neonicotinoid chemicals, are widely used as pesticides because of their rapid insecticidal activity. Although these neonicotinoids exert very low toxicity in mammals, the effects of early, low-level, chronic exposure on the adult central nervous system are largely unclear. This study investigated the effects of low-level, chronic neonicotinoids exposure in early life on the brain functions of adult mice, using environmentally relevant concentrations. Methods We exposed mice to an acceptable daily intake level of neonicotinoids in drinking water during the prenatal and postnatal periods. Additionally, we also exposed mice to nicotine (NIC) as a positive control. We then examined the effects on the central nervous system in adult male offspring. Results In the IMI and NIC exposure groups, we detected behavior that displayed impairment in learning and memory. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis revealed a decrease in SOX2 (as a neural stem cell marker) and GFAP (as an astrocyte marker) positive cells of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in the IMI and NIC exposure groups compared to the control group. Discussion These results suggest that exposure to neonicotinoids at low levels in early life affects neural circuit base formation and post-maturation behavior. Therefore, in the central nervous system of male mice, the effects of low-level, chronic neonicotinoids exposure during the perinatal period were different from the expected effects of neonicotinoids exposure in mature animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokatsu Saito
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Furukawa
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sasaki
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kitajima
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Jun Kanno
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanemura
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Jacques MT, Soares MV, Farina M, Bornhorst J, Schwerdtle T, Ávila DS. Impaired Physiological Responses and Neurotoxicity Induced by a Chlorpyrifos-Based Formulation in Caenorhabditis elegans are not Solely Dependent on the Active Ingredient. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023:104196. [PMID: 37354962 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The current massive and indiscriminate agrochemicals usage, which is inexorably linked to the toxic consequences to the environment and people, represents a great concern. Our work aimed to compare the toxicity induced by chlorpyrifos in its pure form (CPF) with that of a commercial formulation containing allegedly inert ingredients (CBCF) using Caenorhabditis elegans as in vivo model. After a 48h exposure period, CBCF was 14 times more lethal than CPF; Hatching, brood size, body length and motor-related behavioral parameters were decreased, but these effects were significantly higher in CBCF-exposed worms. Additionally, CBCF induced significant morphological changes in cholinergic neurons, which are associated with the motor-related behavioral parameters. Finally, by analyzing the CBCF, were detected the presence of potentially-toxic metals that were not specified in the label. The presented results highlight the toxicological relevance of components present in the commercial formulations of pesticides, which have been claimed as inert compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Tavares Jacques
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology in Caenorhabditis elegans, Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, PO BOX 118, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Department of Biochemistry, CCB, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Block C, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, CEP 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Marcell Valandro Soares
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology in Caenorhabditis elegans, Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, PO BOX 118, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurotoxicology and Neuroprotection Experimental, Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Farina
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Department of Biochemistry, CCB, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Block C, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, CEP 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal; Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal
| | - Daiana Silva Ávila
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology in Caenorhabditis elegans, Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, PO BOX 118, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.
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20
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Diallo T, Leleu J, Parinet J, Guérin T, Thomas H, Lerebours A. Approaches to determine pesticides in marine bivalves. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04709-4. [PMID: 37127735 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04709-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to agricultural runoff, pesticides end up in aquatic ecosystems and some accumulate in marine bivalves. As filter feeders, bivalves can accumulate high concentrations of chemicals in their tissue representing a potential risk to the health of human and aquatic ecosystems. So far, most of the studies dealing with pesticide contamination in marine bivalves, for example, in the French Atlantic and English Channel coasts, have focused on the old generation of pesticides. Only a few investigated the newly emerging pesticides partly due to methodological challenges. A better understanding of the most sensitive and reliable methods is thus essential for accurately determining a wide variety of environmentally relevant pesticides in marine bivalves. The review highlighted the use of more environmentally friendly and efficient materials such as sorbents and the "quick easy cheap effective rugged safe" extraction procedure to extract pesticides from bivalve matrices, as they appeared to be the most efficient while being the safest. Moreover, this method combined with the high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) technique offers promising perspectives by highlighting a wide range of pesticides including those that are not usually sought. Finally, recent developments in the field of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to MS, such as two-dimensional chromatography and ion mobility spectrometry, will improve the analysis of pesticides in complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierno Diallo
- Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042, La Rochelle Cedex 01, France
| | - Julia Leleu
- Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Julien Parinet
- Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Thierry Guérin
- ANSES, Strategy and Programmes Department, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Hélène Thomas
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042, La Rochelle Cedex 01, France
| | - Adélaïde Lerebours
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042, La Rochelle Cedex 01, France.
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21
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Hawkey AB, Unal D, Holloway ZR, Levin ED. Developmental exposure of zebrafish to neonicotinoid pesticides: Long-term effects on neurobehavioral function. Neurotoxicology 2023; 96:240-253. [PMID: 37149154 PMCID: PMC10204077 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid compounds are commonly used insecticides which have become increasingly used as replacements of older generations of insecticides, such as organophosphates. Given the established neurotoxicity of cholinergic toxicants, developmental neurotoxicity studies are needed to identify in vertebrate species the potential toxicity of these insecticides which act on nicotinic cholinergic receptors. Previously, developmental exposure to a neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid was shown to cause persisting neurobehavioral toxicity in zebrafish. The current study evaluated neurobehavioral effects of embryonic exposure to two other neonicotinoid insecticides, clothianidin (1-100 µM) and dinotefuran (1-100 µM) in zebrafish (5-120 h post-fertilization), concentrations below the threshold for increased lethality and overt dysmorphogenesis. Neurobehavioral tests were conducted at larval (6 days), adolescent (10 weeks) and adult (8 months) ages. Both compounds caused short-term behavioral effects on larval motility, although these effects were distinct from one another. At a lower concentration (1 µM) clothianidin increased dark-induced locomotor stimulation the second time the lights turned off, while a higher concentration (100 µM) reduced activity in the dark at its second presentation. By contrast, dinotefuran (10-100 µM) caused a general decrease in locomotion. Specific longer-term neurobehavioral toxicity after early developmental exposure was also seen. clothianidin (100 µM) reduced locomotor activity in the novel tank in adolescence and adulthood, as well as reduced baseline activity in the tap startle test (1-100 µM) and reduced activity early (1-10 µM) or throughout the predator avoidance test session (100 µM). In addition to locomotor effects, clothianidin altered the diving response in a dose-, age- and time-block-dependent manner (1 µM, 100 µM), causing fish to remain further away from a fast predator cue (100 µM) relative to controls. Dinotefuran produced comparatively fewer effects, increasing the diving response in adulthood (10 µM), but not adolescence, and suppressing initial locomotor activity in the predator avoidance test (1-10 µM). These data indicate that neonicotinoid insecticides may carry some of the same risks for vertebrates posed by other classes of insecticides, and that these adverse behavioral consequences of early developmental exposure are evident well into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Hawkey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dilanaz Unal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zade R Holloway
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Edward D Levin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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22
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Biosca-Brull J, Guardia-Escote L, Basaure P, Cabré M, Blanco J, Pérez-Fernández C, Sánchez-Santed F, Domingo JL, Colomina MT. Exposure to chlorpyrifos during pregnancy differentially affects social behavior and GABA signaling elements in an APOE- and sex-dependent manner in a transgenic mouse model. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115461. [PMID: 36796608 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The massive use of chlorpyrifos (CPF) has been associated with an increased prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Some previous studies have shown that prenatal, but not postnatal, CPF exposure causes social behavior deficits in mice depending on sex while others have found that in transgenic mice models carrying the human apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε3 and ε4 allele confer different vulnerabilities to either behavioral or metabolic disorders after CPF exposure. This study aims to evaluate, in both sexes, how prenatal CPF exposure and APOE genotype impact on social behavior and its relation to changes in GABAergic and glutamatergic systems. For this purpose, apoE3 and apoE4 transgenic mice were exposed through the diet to 0 or 1 mg/kg/day of CPF, between gestational day 12 and 18. A three-chamber test was used to assess social behavior on postnatal day (PND) 45. Then, mice were sacrificed, and hippocampal samples were analyzed to study the gene expression of GABAergic and glutamatergic elements. Results showed that prenatal exposure to CPF impaired social novelty preference and increased the expression of GABA-A α1 subunit in females of both genotypes. In addition, the expression of GAD1, the ionic cotransporter KCC2 and the GABA-A α2 and α5 subunits were increased in apoE3 mice, whereas CPF treatment only accentuated the expression of GAD1 and KCC2. Nevertheless, future research is needed to evaluate whether the influences detected in the GABAergic system are present and functionally relevant in adults and old mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Biosca-Brull
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Reus, Spain.
| | - Laia Guardia-Escote
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pia Basaure
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Cabré
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Blanco
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Reus, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Reus, Spain
| | - Cristian Pérez-Fernández
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Santed
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Reus, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Colomina
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Reus, Spain.
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23
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Göl E, Çok İ, Battal D, Şüküroğlu AA. Assessment of Preschool Children's Exposure Levels to Organophosphate and Pyrethroid Pesticide: A Human Biomonitoring Study in Two Turkish Provinces. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 84:318-331. [PMID: 36877224 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-00986-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are products developed to prevent, destroy, repel or control certain forms of plant or animal life that are considered to be pests. However, now they are one of the critical risk factors threatening the environment, and they create a significant threat to the health of children. Organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid (PYR) pesticides are widely used in Turkey as well as all over the world. The main focus of this presented study was to analyze the OP and PYR exposure levels in urine samples obtained from 3- to 6-year-old Turkish preschool children who live in the Ankara (n:132) and Mersin (n:54) provinces. In order to measure the concentrations of three nonspecific metabolites of PYR insecticides and four nonspecific and one specific metabolite of OPs, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses were performed. The nonspecific PYR metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) found in 87.1% of samples (n = 162) and the specific OP metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY) found in 60.2% of samples (n = 112) were the most frequently detected metabolites in all urine samples. The mean concentrations of 3-PBA and TCPY were 0.38 ± 0.8 and 0.11 ± 0.43 ng/g creatinine, respectively. Although due to the large individual variation no statistically significant differences were found between 3-PBA (p = 0.9969) and TCPY (p = 0.6558) urine levels in the two provinces, significant exposure differences were determined both between provinces and within the province in terms of gender. Risk assessment strategies performed in light of our findings do not disclose any proof of a possible health problems related to analyzed pesticide exposure in Turkish children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersin Göl
- Ankara Toxicology Department of the Council of Forensic Medicine, 06300, Keçiören, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İsmet Çok
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Dilek Battal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ayça Aktaş Şüküroğlu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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Hao F, Bu Y, Huang S, Li W, Feng H, Wang Y. Effects of pyrethroids on the cerebellum and related mechanisms: a narrative review. Crit Rev Toxicol 2023; 53:229-243. [PMID: 37417402 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2229384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids (PYRs) are a group of synthetic organic chemicals that mimic natural pyrethrins. Due to their low toxicity and persistence in mammals, they are widely used today. PYRs exhibit higher lipophilicity than other insecticides, which allows them to easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier and directly induce toxic effects on the central nervous system. Several studies have shown that the cerebellum appears to be one of the regions with the largest changes in biomarkers. The cerebellum, which is extremely responsive to PYRs, functions as a crucial region for storing motor learning memories. Exposure to low doses of various types of PYRs during rat development resulted in diverse long-term effects on motor activity and coordination functions. Reduced motor activity may result from developmental exposure to PYRs in rats, as indicated by delayed cerebellar morphogenesis and maturation. PYRs also caused adverse histopathological and biochemical changes in the cerebellum of mothers and their offspring. By some studies, PYRs may affect granule cells and Purkinje cells, causing damage to cerebellar structures. Destruction of cerebellar structures and morphological defects in Purkinje cells are known to be directly related to functional impairment of motor coordination. Although numerous data support that PYRs cause damage to cerebellar structures, function and development, the mechanisms are not completely understood and require further in-depth studies. This paper reviews the available evidence on the relationship between the use of PYRs and cerebellar damage and discusses the mechanisms of PYRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Ye Bu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Shasha Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Wanqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Huiwen Feng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
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Wang R, Piggott AM, Chooi YH, Li H. Discovery, bioactivity and biosynthesis of fungal piperazines. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:387-411. [PMID: 36374102 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00070a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to the end of July, 2022Fungi are prolific producers of piperazine alkaloids, which have been shown to exhibit an array of remarkable biological activities. Since the first fungal piperazine, herquline A, was reported from Penicillium herquei Fg-372 in 1979, a plethora of structurally diverse piperazines have been isolated and characterised from various fungal strains. Significant advancements have been made in recent years towards unravelling the biosynthesis of fungal piperazines and numerous synthetic routes have been proposed. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge of the discovery, classification, bioactivity and biosynthesis of piperazine alkaloids reported from fungi, and discusses the perspectives for exploring the structural diversity of fungal piperazines via genome mining of the untapped piperazine biosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Andrew M Piggott
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Yit-Heng Chooi
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China.
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Guimarães J, Bracchi I, Pinheiro C, Moreira NX, Coelho CM, Pestana D, Prucha MDC, Martins C, Domingues VF, Delerue-Matos C, Dias CC, Azevedo LFR, Calhau C, Leite JC, Ramalho C, Keating E, Fernandes VC. Association of 3-Phenoxybenzoic Acid Exposure during Pregnancy with Maternal Outcomes and Newborn Anthropometric Measures: Results from the IoMum Cohort Study. TOXICS 2023; 11:125. [PMID: 36851000 PMCID: PMC9958656 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to characterize the exposure of pregnant women living in Portugal to 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) and to evaluate the association of this exposure with maternal outcomes and newborn anthropometric measures. We also aimed to compare exposure in summer with exposure in winter. Pregnant women attending ultrasound scans from April 2018 to April 2019 at a central hospital in Porto, Portugal, were invited to participate. Inclusion criteria were: gestational week between 10 and 13, confirmed fetal vitality, and a signature of informed consent. 3-PBA was measured in spot urine samples by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The median 3-PBA concentration was 0.263 (0.167; 0.458) µg/g creatinine (n = 145). 3-PBA excretion was negatively associated with maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.049), and it was higher during the summer when compared to winter (p < 0.001). The frequency of fish or yogurt consumption was associated positively with 3-PBA excretion, particularly during the winter (p = 0.002 and p = 0.015, respectively), when environmental exposure is low. Moreover, 3-PBA was associated with levothyroxine use (p = 0.01), a proxy for hypothyroidism, which could be due to a putative 3-PBA-thyroid hormone antagonistic effect. 3-PBA levels were not associated with the anthropometric measures of the newborn. In conclusion, pregnant women living in Portugal are exposed to 3-PBA, particularly during summer, and this exposure may be associated with maternal clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Guimarães
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabella Bracchi
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cátia Pinheiro
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nara Xavier Moreira
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics (MND), Faculty of Nutrition Emília de Jesus Ferreiro (FNEJF), Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói 20010-010, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Matta Coelho
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Pestana
- CINTESIS@RISE, Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School│FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria do Carmo Prucha
- Department of Obstetrics, Centro Hospitalar Universitário S. João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Martins
- Department of Obstetrics, Centro Hospitalar Universitário S. João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Valentina F. Domingues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Politécnico do Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Politécnico do Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia C. Dias
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Filipe R. Azevedo
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- CINTESIS@RISE, Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School│FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Costa Leite
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Ramalho
- Department of Obstetrics, Centro Hospitalar Universitário S. João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Ginecology-Obstetrics and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, i3S, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisa Keating
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Virgínia Cruz Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Politécnico do Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
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Alkahtani S, AL-Johani NS, Alarifi S. Mechanistic Insights, Treatment Paradigms, and Clinical Progress in Neurological Disorders: Current and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1340. [PMID: 36674852 PMCID: PMC9865061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a major cause of disability and are related to brain development. The neurological signs of brain lesions can vary from mild clinical shortfalls to more delicate and severe neurological/behavioral symptoms and learning disabilities, which are progressive. In this paper, we have tried to summarize a collective view of various NDs and their possible therapeutic outcomes. These diseases often occur as a consequence of the misfolding of proteins post-translation, as well as the dysfunctional trafficking of proteins. In the treatment of neurological disorders, a challenging hurdle to cross regarding drug delivery is the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB plays a unique role in maintaining the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) by exchanging components between the circulations and shielding the brain from neurotoxic pathogens and detrimental compounds. Here, we outline the current knowledge about BBB deterioration in the evolving brain, its origin, and therapeutic interventions. Additionally, we summarize the physiological scenarios of the BBB and its role in various cerebrovascular diseases. Overall, this information provides a detailed account of BBB functioning and the development of relevant treatments for neurological disorders. This paper will definitely help readers working in the field of neurological scientific communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Hall AM, Thistle JE, Manley CK, Roell KR, Ramos AM, Villanger GD, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Zeiner P, Cequier E, Sakhi AK, Thomsen C, Aase H, Engel SM. Organophosphorus Pesticide Exposure at 17 Weeks' Gestation and Odds of Offspring Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosis in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16851. [PMID: 36554732 PMCID: PMC9778918 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are ubiquitous and have been linked to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, few studies have examined prenatal OPs in relation to diagnosed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with only two studies exploring this relationship in a population primarily exposed through diet. In this study, we used a nested case-control study to evaluate prenatal OP exposure and ADHD diagnosis in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). For births that occurred between 2003 and 2008, ADHD diagnoses were obtained from linkage of MoBa participants with the Norwegian Patient Registry (N = 297), and a reference population was randomly selected from the eligible population (N = 552). Maternal urine samples were collected at 17 weeks' gestation and molar sums of diethyl phosphates (ΣDEP) and dimethyl phosphates metabolites (ΣDMP) were calculated. Multivariable adjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between prenatal OP metabolite exposure and child ADHD diagnosis. Additionally, multiplicative effect measure modification (EMM) by child sex was assessed. In most cases, mothers in the second and third tertiles of ΣDMP and ΣDEP exposure had slightly lower odds of having a child with ADHD, although confidence intervals were wide and included the null. EMM by child sex was not observed for either ΣDMP or ΣDEP. In summary, we did not find evidence that OPs at 17 weeks' gestation increased the odds of ADHD in this nested case-control study of ADHD in MoBa, a population primarily experiencing dietary exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M. Hall
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jake E. Thistle
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Cherrel K. Manley
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kyle R. Roell
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Amanda M. Ramos
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gro D. Villanger
- Department of Child Health and Development, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Mental Disorders, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Zeiner
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Enrique Cequier
- Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Amrit K. Sakhi
- Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Thomsen
- Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi Aase
- Department of Child Health and Development, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie M. Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Andersen HR, David A, Freire C, Fernández MF, D'Cruz SC, Reina-Pérez I, Fini JB, Blaha L. Pyrethroids and developmental neurotoxicity - A critical review of epidemiological studies and supporting mechanistic evidence. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113935. [PMID: 35870501 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrethroid metabolites are widely detectable in urine from the general population, including pregnant women and children. Pyrethroids are neurotoxic and suggested endocrine disruptors. Exposure during vulnerable developmental time windows may have long-term impacts on neurodevelopment. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the epidemiological evidence for neurodevelopmental effects related to prenatal and childhood pyrethroid exposure in a systematic review and to assess biological plausibility by evaluating mechanistic evidence. METHODS We searched PubMed and Web of Science up to September 1, 2021 and included original studies published in English in which pyrethroid exposure was measured or estimated during pregnancy or childhood and associations with neurodevelopmental outcomes in the children were investigated. The Navigation Guide Systematic Review Methodology was used to evaluate the epidemiological evidence. For mechanistic evidence, we focused on relevant key events (KEs) suggested in Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) using the OECD-supported AOP-wiki platform. A systematic search combining the KEs with pyrethroids, including 26 individual compounds, was performed in the ToxCast database. RESULTS Twenty-five epidemiological studies met the inclusion criteria, 17 presented findings on prenatal exposure, 10 on childhood exposure and two on both exposure windows. The overall body of evidence was rated as "moderate quality" with "sufficient evidence" for an association between prenatal pyrethroid exposure and adverse neurodevelopment. For childhood exposure, the overall rating was "low quality" with "limited evidence" because of cross-sectional study design. Regarding mechanistic evidence, we found that pyrethroids are able to interfere with neurodevelopmental KEs included in established AOPs for adverse neurodevelopmental. The evidence was strongest for interference with thyroid hormone (TH) function. CONCLUSION Pyrethroids are probably human developmental neurotoxicants and adverse impacts of pyrethroid exposure on neurodevelopment are likely at exposure levels occurring in the general population. Preventive measures to reduce exposure among pregnant women and children are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle Raun Andersen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Arthur David
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Carmen Freire
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERSP), Spain
| | - Mariana F Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERSP), Spain; Biomedical Research Center (CIBM); School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Shereen Cynthia D'Cruz
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Iris Reina-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERSP), Spain; Biomedical Research Center (CIBM); School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fini
- Unité PhyMA laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant Department, UMR 7221 MNHN/CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Ludek Blaha
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
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30
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Lizé M, Monfort C, Rouget F, Limon G, Durand G, Tillaut H, Chevrier C. Prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides and autism spectrum disorders in 11-year-old children in the French PELAGIE cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113348. [PMID: 35500857 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphate (OP) pesticides act by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity at synaptic junctions and have already been linked with deleterious effects on neurodevelopment, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD). OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of prenatal exposure to OP pesticides with traits related to ASD in 11-year-old children. METHODS The "Childhood Autism Spectrum Test" (CAST) parent questionnaire was used to screen for autistic traits in 792 children from the French PELAGIE cohort. Prenatal maternal urine samples were collected <19 weeks of gestation in which metabolites of organophosphate insecticides were assessed for 185 of them. Negative binomial regression models were performed to explore the association between the CAST score and 8 groups of urine components, adjusted for potential ASD risk factors. RESULTS In these urine samples, dialkylphosphates (DAP) were detected most often (>80%), terbufos and its metabolites least often (<10%). No association with ASD was found for DAP, terbufos or its metabolites. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) increased with maternal urinary diazinon concentrations, from 1.11 (95% CI: 0.87-1.42) to 1.17 (95% CI: 0.94-1.46). Higher CAST scores were statistically significantly associated with the maternal urine samples in which chlorpyrifos or two of its metabolites (chlorpyrifos-oxon and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol) were detected. The IRR for exposure to chlorpyrifos or chlorpyrifos-oxon was 1.27 (95%CI: 1.05-1.52) among all children, and 1.39 (95%CI: 1.07-1.82) among boys. CONCLUSION These findings suggest an increase in autistic traits among 11-year-old children in association with prenatal maternal exposure to chlorpyrifos and possibly diazinon. These associations were previously suspected in the literature, in particular for chlorpyrifos. Further work establishing the causal mechanisms behind these risk association is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Lizé
- Université Rennes 1, CHU Rennes, Irset (institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Christine Monfort
- Université Rennes 1, CHU Rennes, Irset (institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Florence Rouget
- CHU Rennes, Université Rennes 1, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Gwendolina Limon
- LABOCEA (Laboratoire public Conseil, Expertise et Analyse in Brittany), F-29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Gaël Durand
- LABOCEA (Laboratoire public Conseil, Expertise et Analyse in Brittany), F-29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Hélène Tillaut
- Université Rennes 1, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (institut de Recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Cécile Chevrier
- Université Rennes 1, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (institut de Recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.
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31
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Tarazona JV, Cattaneo I, Niemann L, Pedraza-Diaz S, González-Caballero MC, de Alba-Gonzalez M, Cañas A, Dominguez-Morueco N, Esteban-López M, Castaño A, Borges T, Katsonouri A, Makris KC, Ottenbros I, Mol H, De Decker A, Morrens B, Berman T, Barnett-Itzhaki Z, Probst-Hensch N, Fuhrimann S, Tratnik JS, Horvat M, Rambaud L, Riou M, Schoeters G, Govarts E, Kolossa-Gehring M, Weber T, Apel P, Namorado S, Santonen T. A Tiered Approach for Assessing Individual and Combined Risk of Pyrethroids Using Human Biomonitoring Data. TOXICS 2022; 10:451. [PMID: 36006130 PMCID: PMC9416723 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are a major insecticide class, suitable for biomonitoring in humans. Due to similarities in structure and metabolic pathways, urinary metabolites are common to various active substances. A tiered approach is proposed for risk assessment. Tier I was a conservative screening for overall pyrethroid exposure, based on phenoxybenzoic acid metabolites. Subsequently, probabilistic approaches and more specific metabolites were used for refining the risk estimates. Exposure was based on 95th percentiles from HBM4EU aligned studies (2014-2021) covering children in Belgium, Cyprus, France, Israel, Slovenia, and The Netherlands and adults in France, Germany, Israel, and Switzerland. In all children populations, the 95th percentiles for 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) exceeded the screening value. The probabilistic refinement quantified the risk level of the most exposed population (Belgium) at 2% or between 1-0.1% depending on the assumptions. In the substance specific assessments, the 95th percentiles of urinary concentrations in the aligned studies were well below the respective human biomonitoring guidance values (HBM-GVs). Both information sets were combined for refining the combined risk. Overall, the HBM data suggest a low health concern, at population level, related to pyrethroid exposure for the populations covered by the studies, even though a potential risk for highly exposed children cannot be completely excluded. The proposed tiered approach, including a screening step and several refinement options, seems to be a promising tool of scientific and regulatory value in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose V. Tarazona
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), 43126 Parma, Italy
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Cattaneo
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Lars Niemann
- Department of Safety of Pesticides, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susana Pedraza-Diaz
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Ana Cañas
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Esteban-López
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Argelia Castaño
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Borges
- General-Directorate of Health, Ministry of Health, 1049-005 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Konstantinos C. Makris
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus
| | - Ilse Ottenbros
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Mol
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bert Morrens
- Department of Sociology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | | | - Zohar Barnett-Itzhaki
- Ruppin Research Group in Environmental and Social Sustainability, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer 4025000, Israel
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Fuhrimann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Janja Snoj Tratnik
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, 1000 Jubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milena Horvat
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, 1000 Jubljana, Slovenia
| | - Loic Rambaud
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Santé Publique France, 12 rue du Val d’Osne, Saint-Maurice, CEDEX, 94415 Paris, France
| | - Margaux Riou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Santé Publique France, 12 rue du Val d’Osne, Saint-Maurice, CEDEX, 94415 Paris, France
| | - Greet Schoeters
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2020 Mol, Belgium
| | - Eva Govarts
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2020 Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Till Weber
- German Environment Agency (UBA), 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Apel
- German Environment Agency (UBA), 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonia Namorado
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tiina Santonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Työterveyslaitos, P.O. Box 40, 00032 Helsinki, Finland
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Zhang A, Xu L, Liu Z, Zhang J, Han L, Zhao K. The effects of acetamiprid multigeneration stress on metabolism and physiology of Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 110:e21903. [PMID: 35416322 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a major soybean pest that often poses a serious threat to soybean production. In this study, we checked the effects of acetamiprid on redox, energy metabolism, and hormone expression in A. glycines. The LC50 and LC30 of acetamiprid were used to treat the fourth instar nymphs in each generation from F0 to F4 to measure the activity of peroxidase, pyruvate kinase, and trehalase using a microassays approach. The peroxidase activity was significantly higher than control when treated with the LC30 of acetamiprid in F2-F5 generations. The activity of pyruvate kinase was significantly higher, while trehalase activity was substantially lower than control in each generation. Besides, we monitored molting and juvenile hormone expression in soybean aphids using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The juvenile hormone titer of third instar nymphs was significantly higher in the treatment group (F1, F2, F4, and F5), while no effects were noted in the F3 generation. Taken together, the activity of peroxidase and pyruvate kinase in soybean aphid first increased to the peak and then decreased, while the trehalase activity continuously decreased in all generations following exposure to acetamiprid. The juvenile hormone titer was significantly higher, while the molting hormone titer was significantly lower in LC50 -treated aphids than in control. Moreover, the LC30 of acetamiprid increased the molting hormone expression in soybean aphids. These findings indicated a baseline for the effective use of acetamiprid in controlling soybean aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aonan Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ling Xu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiabo Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lanlan Han
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Kuijun Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Harmon O'Driscoll J, Siggins A, Healy MG, McGinley J, Mellander PE, Morrison L, Ryan PC. A risk ranking of pesticides in Irish drinking water considering chronic health effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154532. [PMID: 35302029 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel scoring system which facilitates a relative ranking of pesticide risk to human health arising from contaminated drinking water. This method was developed to identify risky pesticides to better inform monitoring programmes and risk assessments. Potential risk was assessed considering pesticide use, chronic human health effects and environmental fate. Site-specific soil conditions, such as soil erodibility, hydrologic group, soil depth, clay, sand, silt, and organic carbon content of soil, were incorporated to demonstrate how pesticide fate can be influenced by the areas in which they are used. The indices of quantity of use, consequence and likelihood of exposure, hazard score and quantity-weighted hazard score were used to describe the level of concern that should be attributed to a pesticide. Metabolite toxicity and persistence were also considered in a separate scoring to highlight the contribution metabolites make to overall pesticide risk. This study presents two sets of results for 63 pesticides in an Irish case study, (1) risk scores calculated for the parent compounds only and (2) a combined pesticide-metabolite risk score. In both cases the results are assessed for two locations with differing soil and hydrological properties. The method developed in this paper can be adapted by pesticide users to assess and compare pesticide risk at site level using pesticide hazard scores. Farm advisors, water quality monitors, and catchment managers can apply this method to screen pesticides for human health risk at a regional or national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Harmon O'Driscoll
- Discipline of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - A Siggins
- Civil Engineering and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; Teagasc Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - M G Healy
- Civil Engineering and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - J McGinley
- Civil Engineering and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - P-E Mellander
- Teagasc Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - L Morrison
- Earth and Ocean Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - P C Ryan
- Discipline of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, T23 XE10, Ireland.
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McClelland SJ, Woodley SK. Developmental Exposure to Trace Concentrations of Chlorpyrifos Results in Nonmonotonic Changes in Brain Shape and Behavior in Amphibians. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:9379-9386. [PMID: 35704902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite regulations and improved design, pesticides remain ubiquitous in the environment at relatively low, trace concentrations. To understand how prolonged exposure to trace pesticide concentrations impacts vertebrate brain development and behavior, we raised larval amphibians (northern leopard frogs, Lithobates pipiens) in 0, 1, or 10 μg/L of the organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) from hatching to metamorphosis. Tadpoles exposed to 1 μg/L CPF, but not 10 μg/L CPF, had changes in relative brain mass, relative telencephalon shape, and behavioral responses to a novel visual cue. Tadpoles exposed to 10 μg/L CPF had altered behavioral responses to predator-associated olfactory cues. After metamorphosis, frogs raised in 1 μg/L CPF, but not 10 μg/L CPF, had changes in the shape of their optic tectum and medulla. Thus, we provide robust evidence that even trace, yet ecologically realistic, concentrations of CPF have neurodevelopmental and behavioral effects that carry over to later life-history stages, further emphasizing the potent effects of trace levels of CPF on vertebrate development. Also, some but not all effects were nonmonotonic, meaning that effects were evident at the lowest but not at the higher concentration of CPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J McClelland
- Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15217, United States
- Moravian University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18018, United States
| | - Sarah K Woodley
- Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15217, United States
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Imran I, Ansari A, Saleem S, Azhar A, Zehra S. Insights of OPs and PYR cytotoxic potential Invitro and genotoxic impact on PON1 genetic variant among exposed workers in Pakistan. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9498. [PMID: 35680920 PMCID: PMC9184543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13454-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Different pesticide chemicals are used to enhance crop yield by protecting from pests. Organophosphate (OPs) and Pyrethroid (PYR) are used in fields of Sanghar, Sindh Pakistan. PON1 an antioxidant enzyme implicated in OPs detoxification may predispose by OPs chronic exposure. This study was conducted to evaluate the toxic potential of active pesticide chemicals at cellular and genetic levels. To examine toxic potential, locally consumed pesticide n = 2 and reference pesticide compounds organophosphate (OPs): Chloropyrifos, Malathion and Pyrethroid (PYR): Cyprmethrin, Cyhalothrin n = 4 were tested against NIH 3T3 cells using MTS assay. Local consumer pesticides demonstrated relevance for half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) 0.00035 mg/mL with selected compound. Malathion IC50 exhibited the highest cytotoxicity among four compounds at 0.0005 mg/mL. On genotoxicity analysis in exposed subjects n = 100 genotypes and alleles n = 200 exhibited significant differences in genotypic and allelic frequencies of pesticide exposed subjects and controls n = 150 (X2 = 22.9, p = 0.001). Screening of genotypes were performed by PCR- RFLP. Statistical assessment carried out using online software and tools. Results suggested that higher heterozygous genotype A/G (74%) may confer low PON1 metabolic activity towards pesticides in exposed subjects. Findings could be helpful to establish health plans by avoiding toxic chemicals that harming exposed population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iffat Imran
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Asma Ansari
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Saima Saleem
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Abid Azhar
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sitwat Zehra
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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Blini Marengo Malheiros F, Vicente EF, Gois Morales A, Alberto-Silva C. Efficiency of the removal of tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP) pesticide in water: use of cork granules as a natural adsorbent on acetylcholinesterase activity in neuronal PC12 cell. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2022; 57:554-560. [PMID: 35583269 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2077608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP) is an organophosphate pesticide that irreversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Cork powder or granules have been recommended as a sustainable sorbent to remove pesticides from water. In the present study, we evaluated the effectiveness of removing TEPP from water using wine corks to obtain cork granules as natural adsorbent, analyzing the TEPP effects on AChE activity in commercial enzyme from Electrophorus electricus and secreted by neuronal PC12 cells. TEPP inhibited AChE activity in a concentration-dependent manner. For the first time, we showed that different concentrations of TEPP diluted in water after adsorption experiments using cork granules decreased TEPP's inhibitory effects on AChE activity in commercial enzyme and neuronal PC12 cell culture medium. Our results suggest that the optimum removal of TEPP from water by corks was 91.4 ± 4.0%. Overall, the findings support the hypothesis that cork granules can be used to remediate pesticide-contaminated environments, such as those contaminated by organophosphate pesticides, and demonstrate a new application of a biochemical assay on AChE activity using a commercial enzyme or secreted by neuronal PC12 cells in culture as a possible methodologic strategy for evaluating the success of TEPP removal from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Blini Marengo Malheiros
- Postgraduate Course in Agribusiness and Development, Research Group on Environmental Management and Education (PGEA), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Tupã, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Festozo Vicente
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Science and Engineering, Tupã, SP, Brazil
| | - Angélica Gois Morales
- Research Group on Environmental Management and Education (PGEA), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Management, Development and Tecnology, Tupã, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto-Silva
- Natural and Humanities Sciences Center, Experimental Morphophysiology Laboratory Federal University of ABC (UFABC), São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
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Xi C, Yang Z, Yu Y, Li S, He J, El-Aziz TMA, Zhao F, Cao Z. Influence of perinatal deltamethrin exposure at distinct developmental stages on motor activity, learning and memory. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 236:113460. [PMID: 35378399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal exposure to deltamethrin (DM) causes attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder-like behaviors. However, the vulnerable time window to DM exposure and the possible mechanism are obscure. We aimed to identify the critical window(s) at perinatal stages for DM exposure and the possible mechanism. METHOD Pregnant mice were exposed to DM (0.5 mg/kg) at three different prenatal stages [gestational day (GD) 0-5, 6-15 and 16-birth (16-B)] and early postnatal stage (PD 0-10). Locomotor activity, learning and memory were evaluated using open field and Y-maze test, respectively. Nissl staining and western blots were used to examine the neuronal loss and the protein expression, respectively. RESULTS Perinatal exposures to DM had no effect on reproductive and growth index of offspring. However, mice receiving DM exposure during GD 16-B displayed significantly higher mortality suggesting GD 16-B is the most vulnerable time window to DM exposure. Prenatal but not early postnatal DM exposure impaired locomotor activity, learning and memory, and caused neuron loss in the dentate gyrus of male offspring. However, neither prenatal nor postnatal DM exposure affected mouse behavior of female offspring. Prenatal DM exposures decreased the protein levels of NR2A and NR2B in both hippocampi and cerebral cortices of male offspring. However, female mice receiving DM exposure at GD 16-B but not other stages displayed increased expression levels of NR2A and NR2B in hippocampi. CONCLUSION Prenatal but not early postnatal DM exposure impairs the neuron development in male but not female mice. Altered NMDA receptor expression may correlate to DM-induced behavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuchu Xi
- Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China.
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China.
| | - Yiyi Yu
- Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China.
| | - Shaoheng Li
- Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China.
| | - Jing He
- Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China.
| | - Tarek Mohamed Abd El-Aziz
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
| | - Fang Zhao
- Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China.
| | - Zhengyu Cao
- Department of TCM Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China.
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Integrated approach for the analysis of neonicotinoids in fruits and food matrices. Food Chem 2022; 372:131153. [PMID: 34628119 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We searched for five neonicotenoids (namely acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam) in 67 samples of fruits, leaves, pollen and honey via HPLC-MS by employing QueChERs for extraction and purification. Clothianidin was never detected, while imidacloprid was identified in apple (9.2 µg/kg) and pollen (18-28 µg/Kg), thiacloprid in peaches (21-35 µg/kg) and acetamiprid was identified in the hazel leaves (1266 µg/kg), honey (13-26 µg /Kg) and pollen (11-24 µg/kg). Since the levels found of acetamiprid in hazel, honey and pollen were concerning, we accomplished a study to identify and characterize the possible transformation products via a laboratory simulation. The methodology exploited the analysis by HPLC-HRMS and its application in all matrices. We identify twelve transformation products, whose formation involved dimerization, hydroxylation, oxidation, demethylation and cleavage of the molecule. Three of them were also detected in hazel leaves.
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Balaguer-Trias J, Deepika D, Schuhmacher M, Kumar V. Impact of Contaminants on Microbiota: Linking the Gut-Brain Axis with Neurotoxicity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031368. [PMID: 35162390 PMCID: PMC8835190 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last years, research has focused on microbiota to establish a missing link between neuronal health and intestine imbalance. Many studies have considered microbiota as critical regulators of the gut–brain axis. The crosstalk between microbiota and the central nervous system is mainly explained through three different pathways: the neural, endocrine, and immune pathways, intricately interconnected with each other. In day-to-day life, human beings are exposed to a wide variety of contaminants that affect our intestinal microbiota and alter the bidirectional communication between the gut and brain, causing neuronal disorders. The interplay between xenobiotics, microbiota and neurotoxicity is still not fully explored, especially for susceptible populations such as pregnant women, neonates, and developing children. Precisely, early exposure to contaminants can trigger neurodevelopmental toxicity and long-term diseases. There is growing but limited research on the specific mechanisms of the microbiota–gut–brain axis (MGBA), making it challenging to understand the effect of environmental pollutants. In this review, we discuss the biological interplay between microbiota–gut–brain and analyse the role of endocrine-disrupting chemicals: Bisphenol A (BPA), Chlorpyrifos (CPF), Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), and Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in MGBA perturbations and subsequent neurotoxicity. The complexity of the MGBA and the changing nature of the gut microbiota pose significant challenges for future research. However, emerging in-silico models able to analyse and interpret meta-omics data are a promising option for understanding the processes in this axis and can help prevent neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordina Balaguer-Trias
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (J.B.-T.); (D.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Deepika Deepika
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (J.B.-T.); (D.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (J.B.-T.); (D.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (J.B.-T.); (D.D.); (M.S.)
- IISPV (Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research), Sant Joan University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34977558576
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Tao Y, Li Z, Yang Y, Jiao Y, Qu J, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Effects of common environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals on zebrafish behavior. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 208:117826. [PMID: 34785404 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), a type of exogenous organic pollutants, are ubiquitous in natural aquatic environments. Therefor, this review focused on the use of the zebrafish as a model to explore the effect of different EDCs on behavior, as well as the molecular mechanisms that drive these effects. Furthermore, our study summarizes the current knowledge on the neuromodulatory effects of different EDCs in zebrafish. This study also reviews the current state of zebrafish behavior research, in addition to the potential mechanisms of single and mixed pollutant-driven behavioral dysregulation at the molecular level, as well as the applications of zebrafish behavior experiments for neuroscience research. This review broadens our understanding of the influence of EDCs on zebrafish behavior and provides guidance for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tao
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zixu Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yaqi Jiao
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jianhua Qu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Regan SL, Williams MT, Vorhees CV. Review of rodent models of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 132:621-637. [PMID: 34848247 PMCID: PMC8816876 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a polygenic neurodevelopmental disorder that affects 8-12 % of children and >4 % of adults. Environmental factors are believed to interact with genetic predispositions to increase susceptibility to ADHD. No existing rodent model captures all aspects of ADHD, but several show promise. The main genetic models are the spontaneous hypertensive rat, dopamine transporter knock-out (KO) mice, dopamine receptor subtype KO mice, Snap-25 KO mice, guanylyl cyclase-c KO mice, and latrophilin-3 KO mice and rats. Environmental factors thought to contribute to ADHD include ethanol, nicotine, PCBs, lead (Pb), ionizing irradiation, 6-hydroxydopamine, neonatal hypoxia, some pesticides, and organic pollutants. Model validation criteria are outlined, and current genetic models evaluated against these criteria. Future research should explore induced multiple gene KOs given that ADHD is polygenic and epigenetic contributions. Furthermore, genetic models should be combined with environmental agents to test for interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Regan
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Michael T. Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Charles V. Vorhees
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229,Corresponding author: Charles V. Vorhees, Ph.D., Div. of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA:
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Gao B, Poma G, Malarvannan G, Dumitrascu C, Bastiaensen M, Wang M, Covaci A. Development of an analytical method based on solid-phase extraction and LC-MS/MS for the monitoring of current-use pesticides and their metabolites in human urine. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 111:153-163. [PMID: 34949345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids, organophosphorus pesticides and fipronil have been listed as priority chemicals in human biomonitoring studies because of their wide use and potential health effects in humans. The determination of 13 pesticides, including pyrethroids (deltamethrin, cypermethrin, permethrin, cyfluthrin, bifenthrin), organophosphorus (chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, and malathion), fipronil, neonicotinoids (imidacloprid, acetamiprid and thiacloprid) and triazole (prothioconazole), together with 13 corresponding metabolites in human urine samples was achieved by solid-phase extraction and analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. All targeted compounds, except malathion dicarboxylic acid, were measured with a mean within-accuracy (n = 5) of 71%-114% (RSD: 1%-14%) and between-run (n = 15) accuracy of 80%-118% (RSD: 2%-14%). Limits of quantitation of the targeted analytes ranged from 0.1 to 16 pg/mL. The detection result of urine samples from 25 volunteers indicated that the detection frequencies of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (median: 448 pg/mL), 6-chloropyridine-3-carboxylic acid (median: 193 pg/mL), 2-methyl-3-phenylbenzoic acid (median: 181 pg/mL), 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (median: 99 pg/mL), 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol (median: 77 pg/mL), cyfluthrin (median: 59 pg/mL), cis-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid (cis-DCCA, median: 53 pg/mL), trans-DCCA (median: 25 pg/mL), prothioconazole (median: 21 pg/mL), imidacloprid (median: 7 pg/mL), and prothioconazole-desthio (median: 1 pg/mL) were > 50%. The obtained results show that the validated method is suitable for the human biomonitoring of these current-use pesticides and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Gao
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium; Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Giulia Poma
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Minghua Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium.
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Hawkey AB, Holloway Z, Dean C, Koburov R, Slotkin TA, Seidler FJ, Levin ED. Neurobehavioral anomalies in zebrafish after sequential exposures to DDT and chlorpyrifos in adulthood: Do multiple exposures interact? Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 87:106985. [PMID: 33901621 PMCID: PMC8440335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.106985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A sequence of different classes of synthetic insecticides have been used over the past 70 years. Over this period, the widely-used organochlorines were eventually replaced by organophosphates, with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) as the principal prototypes. Considerable research has characterized the risks of DDT and CPF individually, but little is known about the toxicology of transitioning from one class of insecticides to another, as has been commonplace for agricultural and pest control workers. This study used adult zebrafish to investigate neurobehavioral toxicity following 5-week chronic exposure to either DDT or CPF, to or their sequential exposure (DDT for 5 weeks followed by CPF for 5 weeks). At the end of the exposure period, a subset of fish were analyzed for brain cholinesterase activity. Behavioral effects were initially assessed one week following the end of the CPF exposure and again at 14 months of age using a behavioral test battery covering sensorimotor responses, anxiety-like functions, predator avoidance and social attraction. Adult insecticide exposures, individually or sequentially, were found to modulate multiple behavioral features, including startle responsivity, social approach, predator avoidance, locomotor activity and novel location recognition and avoidance. Locomotor activity and startle responsivity were each impacted to a greater degree by the sequential exposures than by individual compounds, with the latter being pronounced at the early (1-week post exposure) time point, but not 3-4 months later in aging. Social approach responses were similarly impaired by the sequential exposure as by CPF-alone at the aging time point. Fleeing responses in the predator test showed flee-enhancing effects of both compounds individually versus controls, and no additive impact of the two following sequential exposure. Each compound was also associated with changes in recognition or avoidance patterns in a novel place recognition task in late adulthood, but sequential exposures did not enhance these phenotypes. The potential for chemical x chemical interactions did not appear related to changes in CPF metabolism to the active oxon, as prior DDT exposure did not affect the cholinesterase inhibition resulting from CPF. This study shows that the effects of chronic adult insecticide exposures may be relevant to behavioral health initially and much later in life, and that the effects of sequential exposures may be unpredictable based on their constituent exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Hawkey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zade Holloway
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Cassandra Dean
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Reese Koburov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Theodore A Slotkin
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Frederic J Seidler
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Edward D Levin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Mishra S, Pang S, Zhang W, Lin Z, Bhatt P, Chen S. Insights into the microbial degradation and biochemical mechanisms of carbamates. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130500. [PMID: 33892453 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbamate compounds are commonly applied in agricultural sectors as alternative options to the recalcitrant organochlorine pesticides due to their easier breakdown and less persistent nature. However, the large-scale use of carbamates also leads to toxic environmental residues, causing severe toxicity in various living systems. The toxic effects of carbamates are due to their inhibitor activity against the acetylchlolinesterase enzyme. This enzyme is crucial for neurotransmission signaling in living beings. Hence, from the environmental point of view, the elimination of carbamates is a worldwide concern and priority. Microbial technology can be deliberated as a potential tool that can work efficiently and as an ecofriendly option for the dissipation of carbamate insecticides from contaminated environments by improving biodegradation processes via metabolic activities of microorganisms. A variety of bacterial and fungal species have been isolated and characterized and are capable of degrading a broad range of carbamates in soil and water environments. In addition, microbial carbamate hydrolase genes (mcd, cehA, cahA, cfdJ, and mcbA) were strongly implicated in the evolution of new metabolic functions and carbamate hydrolase enzymes. However, the accurate localization and appropriate functions of carbamate hydrolase enzymes/genes are very limited. To explore the information on the degradation routes of carbamates and promote the application of biodegradation, a study of molecular techniques is required to unlock insights regarding the degradation specific genes and enzymes. Hence, this review discusses the deep understanding of carbamate degradation mechanisms with microbial strains, metabolic pathways, molecular mechanisms, and their genetic basis in degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Mishra
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shimei Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ziqiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Levin ED. Invited Perspective: Does Developmental Adaptation Pose Risks with Changing Toxicant Exposures? ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:81302. [PMID: 34383604 PMCID: PMC8360002 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward D. Levin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Xin J, Xu G, Zhou Y, Wang X, Wang M, Lian Y, Zhao RS. Ketoenamine Covalent Organic Framework Coating for Efficient Solid-Phase Microextraction of Trace Organochlorine Pesticides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8008-8016. [PMID: 34232649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fiber coating is a key part of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technology, and it determines the selectivity, sensitivity, and reproducibility of the analytical method. A ketoenamine covalent organic framework called Tp-Azo-COF with rich electronegative N atoms was prepared as an SPME coating in this work. The Tp-Azo-COF coating had a large surface area of 1218 m2 g-1 and good thermal and chemical stability, and it was applied for the extraction of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). According to quantum chemistry calculations, the adsorption affinity of the Tp-Azo-COF coating for five OCPs was primarily affected by the halogen bond and hydrophobicity interaction. The extraction efficiencies of the Tp-Azo-COF coating for five OCPs were higher than those of three commercial SPME fiber coatings, and the enrichment factors ranged from 1061 to 3693. When combined with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, a wide linear range (0.1-1000 ng L-1), low limits of detection (0.002-0.08 ng L-1), and good fiber-to-fiber accuracy (4.3-10.9%) were achieved under optimal conditions. Moreover, the applicability of the developed method was evaluated by analyzing four samples (milk, green tea, tap water, and well water), and the recoveries were in the range of 83.4-101.6%, with relative standard deviations <8.6%. This research extends the application of the stabilized ketoenamine COF as a sample enrichment probe for OCP analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Xin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Guiju Xu
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yiran Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Minglin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yujing Lian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Ru-Song Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
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Jia W, Shen D, Yu K, Zhong J, Li Z, Ye Q, Jiang J, Wang W. Reducing the Environmental Risk of Chlorpyrifos Application through Appropriate Agricultural Management: Evidence from Carbon-14 Tracking. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7324-7333. [PMID: 34167301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is one of the most critical insecticides in the world. However, many countries are gradually banning its use due to its reported hazardous impacts on humans. This study explored the possibility of reducing the environmental risk of CPF through appropriate agricultural management practices. Results showed that the environmental risk of CPF is lower under drainage conditions because there is more mineralization and less bound residues (BRs) than under submerged conditions. Bioaugmentation significantly enhanced the CPF mineralization and inhibited the formation of CPF-BRs. Biochar adsorbed CPF and thus reduced its bioavailability, but it could not completely eliminate the toxicity of CPF. In addition, bioaugmentation did not significantly affect the native microbial community of CPF-contaminated soil, suggesting its safety in reducing the environmental risk of CPF. The study indicated that the environmental risk of CPF could be reduced by appropriate agricultural management such as water management, bioaugmentation, soil biochar amendment, and selecting suitable soil types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Jia
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Microbiology for Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dahang Shen
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kaixiang Yu
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiayin Zhong
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qingfu Ye
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Microbiology for Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Ibrahim KA, Abdelgaid HA, Eleyan M, Khwanes SA, Abdel-Daim MM. Ethoprophos induces rats' brain injury and neurobehavioral impairment via transcriptional activation of glial fibrillary acidic protein and tubulin-associated unit even at the threshold inhibition of acetylcholinesterase: A 90-days study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Vernet C, Johnson M, Kogut K, Hyland C, Deardorff J, Bradman A, Eskenazi B. Organophosphate pesticide exposure during pregnancy and childhood and onset of juvenile delinquency by age 16 years: The CHAMACOS cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111055. [PMID: 33766567 PMCID: PMC8191343 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though prenatal organophosphate pesticide (OP) exposure has been associated with lower intellectual quotient and behavioral disorders in childhood, factors related to later delinquency, no research has directly evaluated the impact of OPs on delinquency. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between prenatal and childhood OP exposure and juvenile delinquency in Mexican-American youth in the Center for Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS). METHODS We measured dialkyl phosphate (DAPs) urinary metabolites of OPs in two prenatal maternal samples and in five child samples collected between six months and five years of age. Youth completed delinquency questionnaires at 16 years. We examined associations of prenatal and childhood DAPs with several delinquency outcomes (n = 313) using survival and generalized linear models. RESULTS Almost 60% of youth reported delinquent acts (mostly minor), and 8% reported a police arrest. We observed largely null results of prenatal or childhood DAP concentrations and delinquency outcomes, with some isolated associations. A ten-fold increase in maternal dimethylphosphate (DM) concentrations measured after 20 weeks gestation was associated with an earlier age of first delinquent act (Hazard Ratio = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.88) and an increased Odds Ratio (OR) of having committed 1-3 or ≥4 delinquent acts, compared to the no delinquency reference group (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.01-3.08 and 2.17, 95% CI: 1.13-4.17, respectively). Higher childhood diethylphosphate (DE) concentrations were associated with a later age of first delinquent act (HR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.46-0.97). DISCUSSION We did not find strong evidence of association between prenatal or childhood OP exposure and juvenile delinquency in the present cohort. There is an increasing literature that relates OP exposure to neurobehavioral impairments in childhood, and there is a need to understand long-term potential neurodevelopmental effects of early-life OP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Vernet
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA; UMRESTTE, Univ Lyon, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, Bron, France
| | - Megan Johnson
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Katherine Kogut
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Carly Hyland
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Julianna Deardorff
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Asa Bradman
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA.
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50
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Andersen HR, Dalsager L, Jensen IK, Timmermann CAG, Olesen TS, Trecca F, Nielsen F, Schoeters G, Kyhl HB, Grandjean P, Bilenberg N, Bleses D, Jensen TK. Prenatal exposure to pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides and language development at age 20-36 months among children in the Odense Child Cohort. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 235:113755. [PMID: 33962121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides has been associated with impaired neurodevelopment. Few longitudinal studies have investigated associations with early language development in populations with mainly low dietary exposure. OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between biomarkers of maternal gestational exposure to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides and the child's language development at age 20-36 months in the prospective Odense Child Cohort. METHODS Metabolites of organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides were measured in maternal urine samples collected at gestational week 28. Language development was assessed among 755 singletons at age 20-36 months using the Vocabulary and Complexity scores of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories, standardized into age and sex specific percentile scores according to a Danish reference study. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds of scoring below the 15th percentile scores in relation to maternal urinary insecticide metabolite concentrations after adjustment for confounders. RESULTS The generic pyrethroid metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) and the chlorpyrifos metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY) were detectable in more than 90% of the urine samples analyzed. Likewise, 82.2% had detectable concentrations of diethyl phosphates (DE) and 58.4% of dimethyl phosphates (DM), both of which are common metabolites of organophosphate insecticides. None of the metabolites was associated with higher odds of delayed results below the 15th percentile language scores. In contrast, reduced probability for scoring below the 15th percentile Vocabulary score was seen for the highest tertile of 3-PBA in boys and for the upper tertile of TCPY and DE in girls. CONCLUSION In this prospective cohort, with predominantly dietary insecticide exposure, we found no evidence that gestational exposure to organophosphate or pyrethroid insecticides adversely affected early language development in the children. The observed indication of a positive effect of insecticides on language development may be explained by residual and unmeasured confounding from socioeconomic factors and dietary habits. Follow-up of these children should include assessment of more complex cognitive functions in later childhood, as well as associations with their own postnatal insecticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle Raun Andersen
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Louise Dalsager
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Inge Kjær Jensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Clara Amalie Gade Timmermann
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Trine Staak Olesen
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Fabio Trecca
- School of Communication and Culture - Trygfondens Centre for Child Research, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Flemming Nielsen
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense, Denmark; Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Henriette Boye Kyhl
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense C, Denmark; Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense, Denmark
| | - Philippe Grandjean
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense, Denmark; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Niels Bilenberg
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Odense, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dorthe Bleses
- School of Communication and Culture - Trygfondens Centre for Child Research, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense, Denmark; Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
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