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Bai X, Tian H, Zhu C, Luo L, Hao Y, Liu S, Guo Z, Lv Y, Chen D, Chu B, Wang S, Hao J. Present Knowledge and Future Perspectives of Atmospheric Emission Inventories of Toxic Trace Elements: A Critical Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1551-1567. [PMID: 36661479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Toxic trace elements (TEs) can pose serious risks to ecosystems and human health. However, a comprehensive understanding of atmospheric emission inventories for several concerning TEs has not yet been developed. In this study, we systematically reviewed the status and progress of existing research in developing atmospheric emission inventories of TEs focusing on global, regional, and sectoral scales. Multiple studies have strengthened our understanding of the global emission of TEs, despite attention being mainly focused on Hg and source classification in different studies showing large discrepancies. In contrast to those of developed countries and regions, the officially published emission inventory is still lacking in developing countries, despite the fact that studies on evaluating the emissions of TEs on a national scale or one specific source category have been numerous in recent years. Additionally, emissions of TEs emitted from waste incineration and traffic-related sources have produced growing concern with worldwide rapid urbanization. Although several studies attempt to estimate the emissions of TEs based on PM emissions and its source-specific chemical profiles, the emission factor approach is still the universal method. We call for more extensive and in-depth studies to establish a precise localization national emission inventory of TEs based on adequate field measurements and comprehensive investigation to reduce uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Bai
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hezhong Tian
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chuanyong Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Lining Luo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yan Hao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shuhan Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhihui Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yunqian Lv
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dongxue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Biwu Chu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jiming Hao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100875, China
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Periferakis A, Caruntu A, Periferakis AT, Scheau AE, Badarau IA, Caruntu C, Scheau C. Availability, Toxicology and Medical Significance of Antimony. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084669. [PMID: 35457536 PMCID: PMC9030621 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Antimony has been known and used since ancient times, but its applications have increased significantly during the last two centuries. Aside from its few medical applications, it also has industrial applications, acting as a flame retardant and a catalyst. Geologically, native antimony is rare, and it is mostly found in sulfide ores. The main ore minerals of antimony are antimonite and jamesonite. The extensive mining and use of antimony have led to its introduction into the biosphere, where it can be hazardous, depending on its bioavailability and absorption. Detailed studies exist both from active and abandoned mining sites, and from urban settings, which document the environmental impact of antimony pollution and its impact on human physiology. Despite its evident and pronounced toxicity, it has also been used in some drugs, initially tartar emetics and subsequently antimonials. The latter are used to treat tropical diseases and their therapeutic potential for leishmaniasis means that they will not be soon phased out, despite the fact the antimonial resistance is beginning to be documented. The mechanisms by which antimony is introduced into human cells and subsequently excreted are still the subject of research; their elucidation will enable us to better understand antimony toxicity and, hopefully, to improve the nature and delivery method of antimonial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.P.); (A.-T.P.); (I.A.B.); (C.C.)
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Aristodemos-Theodoros Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.P.); (A.-T.P.); (I.A.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Andreea-Elena Scheau
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ioana Anca Badarau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.P.); (A.-T.P.); (I.A.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.P.); (A.-T.P.); (I.A.B.); (C.C.)
- Department of Dermatology, Prof. N.C. Paulescu National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.P.); (A.-T.P.); (I.A.B.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (C.S.)
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Bolan N, Kumar M, Singh E, Kumar A, Singh L, Kumar S, Keerthanan S, Hoang SA, El-Naggar A, Vithanage M, Sarkar B, Wijesekara H, Diyabalanage S, Sooriyakumar P, Vinu A, Wang H, Kirkham MB, Shaheen SM, Rinklebe J, Siddique KHM. Antimony contamination and its risk management in complex environmental settings: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106908. [PMID: 34619530 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antimony (Sb) is introduced into soils, sediments, and aquatic environments from various sources such as weathering of sulfide ores, leaching of mining wastes, and anthropogenic activities. High Sb concentrations are toxic to ecosystems and potentially to public health via the accumulation in food chain. Although Sb is poisonous and carcinogenic to humans, the exact mechanisms causing toxicity still remain unclear. Most studies concerning the remediation of soils and aquatic environments contaminated with Sb have evaluated various amendments that reduce Sb bioavailability and toxicity. However, there is no comprehensive review on the biogeochemistry and transformation of Sb related to its remediation. Therefore, the present review summarizes: (1) the sources of Sb and its geochemical distribution and speciation in soils and aquatic environments, (2) the biogeochemical processes that govern Sb mobilization, bioavailability, toxicity in soils and aquatic environments, and possible threats to human and ecosystem health, and (3) the approaches used to remediate Sb-contaminated soils and water and mitigate potential environmental and health risks. Knowledge gaps and future research needs also are discussed. The review presents up-to-date knowledge about the fate of Sb in soils and aquatic environments and contributes to an important insight into the environmental hazards of Sb. The findings from the review should help to develop innovative and appropriate technologies for controlling Sb bioavailability and toxicity and sustainably managing Sb-polluted soils and water, subsequently minimizing its environmental and human health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanthi Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Manish Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ekta Singh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aman Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Lal Singh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - S Keerthanan
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Son A Hoang
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ali El-Naggar
- Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, Egypt
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Hasintha Wijesekara
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka
| | - Saranga Diyabalanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Prasanthi Sooriyakumar
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - M B Kirkham
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33 516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
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Yan Q, Kong S, Yan Y, Liu X, Zheng S, Qin S, Wu F, Niu Z, Zheng H, Cheng Y, Zeng X, Wu J, Yao L, Liu D, Shen G, Shen Z, Qi S. Emission and spatialized health risks for trace elements from domestic coal burning in China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:107001. [PMID: 34991261 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Residential coal combustion (RCC) emission exhibited obvious daily variation, while no real-time estimation of air pollutants from RCC has been reported, as the shortages of corresponding activity dataset and emission factors with high time resolution. A real-time monitoring platform for RCC emission was established. Hourly emission factors of 18 typed of TEs from eleven kinds of chunk coals and nine kinds of honeycomb coals burning in China were obtained. The monthly and hourly coal consumption amounts were calculated with reference and our field survey. Then the hourly TEs emission inventories from RCC were established in China. GEOS-Chem and Risk Quotients Models were utilized to map the spatialized health risks of hazardous elements, including the gridded hazard index and carcinogenic risk. The result indicated that the EFs of TEs would be underestimated if the tests only consider flaming conditions. Cu, K, Ca, Zn, and Co were the top five elements from RCC, with corresponding emission amounts as 1397.7, 1054.0, 676.0, 623.5 and 420 tons in 2017, respectively. K, Ti, Fe, Sn, and Sb showed hourly peak values under flaming dominated periods, accounting for 48.2%, 45.9%, 31.8%, 42.8%, and 33.8% of their daily emissions. Other elements (e.g., V, Co, As, Hg and Pb) exhibited higher emissions under smoldering dominated period in nighttime, accounting for 22.2%, 32.9%, 27.6%, 34.7%, and 28.4% of their daily emissions. TEs emission from RCC closely follows the habits of human daily cooking and heating activity. The national HI were lower than the acceptable level (HI ≤ 1) except Sichuan Province (up to 1.2). Higher carcinogenic risks (≥1 × 10-6) occurred in parts of Sichuan, Shanxi, Hunan and Hubei, which were up to 2.0 × 10-5. The high-resolution TEs emission inventories could be useful for future modeling works on the formation and evolution of air pollution and are helpful for human exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yan
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shaofei Kong
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yingying Yan
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shurui Zheng
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Si Qin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fangqi Wu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhenzhen Niu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huang Zheng
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Liquan Yao
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dantong Liu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shihua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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Chen J, Zhang B, Zhang S, Zeng J, Chen P, Liu W, Wang X. A complete atmospheric emission inventory of F, As, Se, Cd, Sb, Hg, Pb, and U from coal-fired power plants in Anhui Province, eastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:1817-1837. [PMID: 33125612 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anhui Province is the most important energy production base for eastern China. Many large pithead coal-fired power plants are being operated in the coal-rich Huainan and Huaibei coalfields in northern Anhui. To assess the environmental risks of local coal-fired power plants, a complete atmospheric emission inventory of F, As, Se, Cd, Sb, Hg, Pb, and U from coal-fired power plants in Anhui was compiled by a simple mass-balance-based method. The results indicated that the atmospheric emissions of F, As, Se, Cd, Sb, Hg, Pb, and U in 2017 from the Anhui coal-fired power plants were 578 t, 2.01 t, 15.3 t, 0.57 t, 0.18 t, 2.80 t, 23.7 t, and 0.099 t, respectively. The emission factor is the major contributor to the uncertainties in this inventory. With increasing energy demand by the more developed eastern China region, the atmospheric emissions of volatile hazardous elements will continue to increase in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of Mine Geological Disaster Prevention and Environment Protection of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan, 232001, China.
| | - Bofei Zhang
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Mine Geological Disaster Prevention and Environment Protection of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Suan Zhang
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Mine Geological Disaster Prevention and Environment Protection of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Mine Geological Disaster Prevention and Environment Protection of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Ping Chen
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Mine Geological Disaster Prevention and Environment Protection of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Wenzhong Liu
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Mine Geological Disaster Prevention and Environment Protection of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Xingming Wang
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, Anhui, China
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6
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Jiang J, Wu Y, Sun G, Zhang L, Li Z, Sommar J, Yao H, Feng X. Characteristics, Accumulation, and Potential Health Risks of Antimony in Atmospheric Particulate Matter. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:9460-9470. [PMID: 33869926 PMCID: PMC8047740 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Antimony (Sb), a priority pollutant listed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), can cause adverse effects on human health, with particular impacts on skin, eyes, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory system. In this study, a database of Sb concentrations in the global atmosphere was developed through a survey of measurements published in more than 600 articles, which was then used to assess the health risks of Sb exposure based on a USEPA assessment model. Most measurements showed Sb concentrations of less than ∼10 ng m-3, but those at several contaminated sites exhibited Sb concentrations of more than 100 ng m-3. For measurements conducted in urban environments, Sb concentrations in the total suspended particles (TSP) and particles of less than 10 (PM10) or 2.5 μm (PM2.5) were the highest in Asia, followed by Europe, South America, and North America. Sb concentrations were generally higher in winter and fall than during other seasons in TSP and PM10 samples. A significant correlation was observed between Sb and As in TSP and PM2.5 on a global scale. Sb was mainly derived from anthropogenic sources, especially traffic emission, industrial emission, and fossil combustion. Hazard quotients (HQ) of Sb in TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 were higher for children than adults because of their lighter body weight, inferior physical resistance, and higher ingestion probability. The global database for atmospheric Sb concentrations demonstrates a relatively low noncarcinogenic risk in most regions. Long-term monitoring is still required to identify the sources and growth potentials of Sb so that effective control policies can be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Jiang
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunjie Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Guangyi Sun
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Leiming Zhang
- Air
Quality Research Division, Science and Technology
Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto M3H5T4, Canada
| | - Zhonggen Li
- School
of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal
College, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Jonas Sommar
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Heng Yao
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Xinbin Feng
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
- CAS
Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi’an 710061, China
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7
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Bilguun U, Namkhainyambuu D, Purevsuren B, Soyol-Erdene TO, Tuuguu E, Daichaa D. Sources, Enrichment, and Geochemical Fractions of Soil Trace Metals in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 79:219-232. [PMID: 32594183 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00748-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mongolia is a rapidly developing country that has experienced growing industrialization and urbanization in recent decades. This study was conducted to evaluate the enrichment and labile fractions of metals in urban soils of Mongolia and to identify major sources of soil metal pollution. The concentrations and geochemical fractions of Al, Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Cd, Co, Zn, V, Mo, As, Sb, and Pb in soils of the city Ulaanbaatar were investigated. The results demonstrate that only Fe, Mn, Co, Mo, and V occur at natural levels with enrichment factors close to unity. The majority of investigated toxic metals, including Cu, Zn, Cr, Sb, As, Cd, and Pb, are serious pollutants in urban soils, with enrichment factors of up to 2.8, 5.1, 2.1, 16, 13, 15, and 11, respectively. Studies of the chemical fractions of metals demonstrate that Zn is mainly found in its labile form and is considered a high risk to humans and biota. Industrial release, household ash, coal combustion, and tire abrasion were identified as key sources of toxic metals entering into the soil of Ulaanbaatar City, which should be controlled effectively to prevent the population as well as pollution distribution over a wider area by long-range atmospheric transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulziibat Bilguun
- Department of Environmental and Forest Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Dashnyam Namkhainyambuu
- Department of Environmental and Forest Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Batbold Purevsuren
- Department of Environmental and Forest Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- Environmental Section, Energy Resources LLC, Umnugovi, Mongolia
| | - Tseren-Ochir Soyol-Erdene
- Department of Environmental and Forest Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Enkhdul Tuuguu
- Department of Environmental and Forest Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Dorj Daichaa
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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8
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Mao L, Liu L, Yan N, Li F, Tao H, Ye H, Wen H. Factors controlling the accumulation and ecological risk of trace metal(loid)s in river sediments in agricultural field. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125359. [PMID: 31765905 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing concern of ecological risk from toxic trace metals in sediments to aquatic environment in agricultural field. However, the knowledge of factors that control the accumulation and risk of trace metals in such environment is limited. In this study, we conducted source apportionment of 9 trace metal(loid)s in river sediments on Chongming Islands, China, where there had been >120 years of agricultural practice. The influence from sediment properties on metal accumulation and mobility were also discussed. The results indicate that anthropogenic metal input generally elevated Cd, Sb, Pb and Zn concentrations as their average values were 3.3, 2.6, 1.6 and 1.6 times of the background respectively. Significantly high As (max = 28.2 mg/kg) and Cu (max = 145.6 mg/kg) were also found in some individual sites. Positive matrix factorization analysis suggests that atmospheric deposition contributed 53.5% and 54.7% of the total Sb and Pb respectively, while most anthropogenic Cd, Cu, As and Zn was agriculture-derived. Amorphous Fe, Mn and Al oxides and organic matter were the most important binding phases which favour trace metal accumulation. Fractionation information from BCR sequential extraction suggests high potential mobility of Cd (>37% in acid extractable fraction). Fe/Mn oxides bound As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn (reducible fraction), which comprised 15-26% of the total, increased the ecological risk in anoxic sediments. The potential ecological risk index and risk assessment code identified more than 74% of the sampling sites as high to extremely high ecological risk because of the high toxicity and mobility of Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchen Mao
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Libo Liu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Nanxia Yan
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Feipeng Li
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Hong Tao
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Hua Ye
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Haifeng Wen
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
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9
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Zhuang W, Ying SC, Frie AL, Wang Q, Song J, Liu Y, Chen Q, Lai X. Distribution, pollution status, and source apportionment of trace metals in lake sediments under the influence of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 671:108-118. [PMID: 30928740 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to combat the threat of drought, China constructed the South-to-North Water Transfer Project (SNWTP), the biggest water transfer project in terms of volume with the largest beneficiary population in the world. Reports have shown that massive water diversion projects have had detrimental environmental consequences including water quality decline and freshwater habitat degradation. However, few reports have assessed the impact of the transfer project on sediment quality, which is highly susceptible to allogenic and local anthropogenic pollution. We examined the distribution characteristics of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in surface sediment of the largest reservoir along the East Route of SNWTP, Nansihu Lake, followed by positive matrix factorization (PMF) to determine their potential sources. We utilized enrichment factor, multiple sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), and potential ecological risk index (RI) to determine metal accumulation or pollution risk. The results show the mean concentrations of Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn were slightly lower than in samples collected in 2003, 2010 and 2012, while the mean concentrations of Cr and Ni were significantly higher than samples from previous years. Among the six metals, Cr, Cu and Ni are of higher ecological risk according to SQGs; but Cd is of higher ecological risk according to RI. PMF analysis shows that industrial production and shipping are important sources of Cr, Cu, and Ni. PMF analysis also shows that a considerable amount of trace metals, especially Cd, Cr, Pb and Zn, mainly comes from the use of pesticide fertilizers and biomass sources in farmland, and may partly enter Nansihu Lake from SNWTP. This study reveals the possible sources of trace metals to the Nansihu Lake which is part of SNWTP; the results of the study may serve as a reference for better understanding the impact of future water diversion projects on metals distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; College of City and Architecture Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, China.
| | - Samantha C Ying
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Alexander L Frie
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Qian Wang
- College of City and Architecture Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, China
| | - Jinming Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Yongxia Liu
- College of City and Architecture Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, China
| | - Xiaoying Lai
- National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Development & Utilization of Phosphorous Resources, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhai, Hubei 430073, China
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10
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Ao M, Qiu G, Zhang C, Xu X, Zhao L, Feng X, Qin S, Meng B. Atmospheric deposition of antimony in a typical mercury-antimony mining area, Shaanxi Province, Southwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:173-182. [PMID: 30419458 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mercury-antimony (HgSb) mining activities are important anthropogenic sources of Hg and Sb to the local environment. The Xunyang HgSb mine situated in Shaanxi Province is an active Hg mine in China. To understand the emission, transportation, and deposition of Sb through HgSb mining activities, current study systematically monitored the Sb concentration in precipitation in the Xunyang HgSb mining district. Five groups of experimental pots were carefully designed to further investigate the influence of HgSb mining activities on the Sb contamination in the local surface soil. Based on the overtime increasing of the Sb concentrations in soil from experimental pots, for the first trial, we estimated the atmospheric deposition flux/mass of Sb in the Xunyang HgSb mining district. Our results showed that the concentrations of Sb in precipitation in the Xunyang HgSb mining district ranged from 0.71 μg L-1 to 19 μg L-1 (mean = 4.2 ± 4.5 μg L-1), which was orders of magnitude higher than that at the control site. As expected, the concentration of Sb in precipitation was highly elevated near of the HgSb smelter and gradually decreased with distance from the smelter. After 12 months exposure, Sb concentrations in soil of experimental pots were increased by 1.2-8.5 times. The average atmospheric wet and dry deposition flux of Sb in the Xunyang HgSb mining district were 7.2 ± 6.9 μg m-2 day-1 and 2.1 ± 4.7 mg m-2 day-1, respectively; the annual wet and dry deposition mass of Sb through HgSb mining activities were estimated to be 1.6 t y-1 and 158 t y-1, respectively, indicating that dry deposition was the dominant pathway (98 ± 1.2%) for the removal of Sb from the atmosphere. Our results confirmed that the ongoing HgSb mining activities resulted to serious Sb contamination to terrestrial ecosystems, posing a potential threat to local residents in the Xunyang HgSb mining district.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ao
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, PR China
| | - Guangle Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, PR China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, PR China
| | - Xiaohang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, PR China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, PR China
| | - Xinbin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, PR China
| | - Song Qin
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, PR China
| | - Bo Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, PR China.
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11
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He M, Wang N, Long X, Zhang C, Ma C, Zhong Q, Wang A, Wang Y, Pervaiz A, Shan J. Antimony speciation in the environment: Recent advances in understanding the biogeochemical processes and ecological effects. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 75:14-39. [PMID: 30473279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Antimony (Sb) is a toxic metalloid, and its pollution has become a global environmental problem as a result of its extensive use and corresponding Sb-mining activities. The toxicity and mobility of Sb strongly depend on its chemical speciation. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the biogeochemical processes (including emission, distribution, speciation, redox, metabolism and toxicity) that trigger the mobilization and transformation of Sb from pollution sources to the surrounding environment. Natural phenomena such as weathering, biological activity and volcanic activity, together with anthropogenic inputs, are responsible for the emission of Sb into the environment. Sb emitted in the environment can adsorb and undergo redox reactions on organic or inorganic environmental media, thus changing its existing form and exerting toxic effects on the ecosystem. This review is based on a careful and systematic collection of the latest papers during 2010-2017 and our research results, and it illustrates the fate and ecological effects of Sb in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchang He
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Ningning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaojing Long
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chengjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Congli Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qianyun Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Aneesa Pervaiz
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jun Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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12
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Zhang H, Wan Z, Ding M, Wang P, Xu X, Jiang Y. Inherent bacterial community response to multiple heavy metals in sediment from river-lake systems in the Poyang Lake, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 165:314-324. [PMID: 30212732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Sediment is the one of most important storage of heavy metal. Microbiotas in sediment can be used as the effective indicators of heavy metals. The goal of this study was to understand the bacterial communities responding to heavy metal enrichment in sediments and prioritize some factors that affected significantly to bacterial community. Sediments were sampled from five river-lake systems in the Poyang Lake in dry season, and the bacterial community was analyzed using Illumina high-throughput sequencing. Relationships between sediment environment and the diversity and structure of bacterial communities were determined by correlation analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA). The result indicated that Cd and Sb were identified as the heavy metals of the great risk in sediments. Sediments from five river-lake systems shared 31.83% core operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of bacterial communities. Proteobacteria (33.54% of total sequences) and Actinobacteria (15.04%) were the dominant phyla across all sites. High enrichment of heavy metals (MRI and mCd) resulted in low diversity of bacterial communities (Simpson index). The RDA revealed pH, OC, mCd, and Efs of As, Pb, Cd were major factors related to bacterial community structure changes. The dominant phylum Actinobacteria was regarded as tolerant bacteria, while the dominant phylum Proteobacteria was named as resistant bacteria in sediment with high anthropogenic Cd enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Comprehensive Management and Resource Development, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Zhiwei Wan
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Mingjun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yinghui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
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13
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Liang X, Song J, Duan L, Yuan H, Li X, Li N, Qu B, Wang Q, Xing J. Source identification and risk assessment based on fractionation of heavy metals in surface sediments of Jiaozhou Bay, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 128:548-556. [PMID: 29571407 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To identify sources and evaluate ecological risks of heavy metals in sediments of Jiaozhou Bay, contents and chemical fractions of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Sb and Sn were studied. Results suggested that higher metal contents appeared at inner bay and near marine dumping area. Labile fractions of heavy metals accounted for 0.5-77% (~36%) of total contents indicating their significant anthropogenic sources. The enrichment levels of Cd and Sb were relatively higher. Cu, Ni, Cd and Zn were at low to medium risks. Cr, Pb, Sn and Sb were at no or low risks. Total contents of heavy metals were mainly controlled by natural sources, while anthropogenic inputs were important sources of labile fractions of heavy metals in sediments of Jiaozhou Bay with industrial and domestic activities as main contributors for Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni and Sn, and agricultural activities for Cd and regional coal combustion for Sb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmeng Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinming Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Liqin Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Huamao Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xuegang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ning Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Baoxiao Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qidong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jianwei Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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14
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Beaudon E, Gabrielli P, Sierra-Hernández MR, Wegner A, Thompson LG. Central Tibetan Plateau atmospheric trace metals contamination: A 500-year record from the Puruogangri ice core. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 601-602:1349-1363. [PMID: 28605854 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A ~500-year section of ice core (1497-1992) from the Puruogangri ice cap has been analyzed at high resolution for 28 trace elements (TEs: Ag, Al, As, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Nb, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sn, Sr, Ti, Tl, U, V and Zn) to assess different atmospheric contributions to the ice and provide a temporal perspective on the diverse atmospheric influences over the central Tibetan Plateau (TP). At least two volcanic depositions have significantly impacted the central TP over the past 500years, possibly originating from the Billy Mitchell (1580, Papua New Guinea) and the Parker Peak (1641, Philippines) eruptions. A decreasing aeolian dust input to the ice cap allowed the detection of an atmospheric pollution signal. The anthropogenic pollution contribution emerges in the record since the early 1900s (for Sb and Cd) and increases substantially after 1935 (for Ag, Zn, Pb, Cd and Sb). The metallurgy (Zn, Pb and steel smelting) emission products (Cd, Zn, Pb and Ag) from the former Soviet Union and especially from central Asia (e.g., Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan) likely enhanced the anthropogenic deposition to the Puruogangri ice cap between 1935 and 1980, suggesting that the westerlies served as a conveyor of atmospheric pollution to central Tibet. The impact of this industrial pollution cumulated with that of the hemispheric coal and gasoline combustion which are respectively traced by Sb and Pb enrichment in the ice. The Chinese steel production accompanying the Great Leap Forward (1958-1961) and the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) is proposed as a secondary but proximal source of Pb pollution affecting the ice cap between 1958 and 1976. The most recent decade (1980-1992) of the enrichment time series suggests that Puruogangri ice cap recorded the early Sb, Cd, Zn, Pb and Ag pollution originating from developing countries of South (i.e., India) and East (i.e., China) Asia and transported by the summer monsoonal circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Beaudon
- Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, 1090 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH 43210-1002, USA.
| | - Paolo Gabrielli
- Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, 1090 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH 43210-1002, USA; School of Earth Sciences, 275 Mendenhall Laboratory, The Ohio State University, 125 South Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - M Roxana Sierra-Hernández
- Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, 1090 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH 43210-1002, USA
| | - Anna Wegner
- Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, 1090 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH 43210-1002, USA
| | - Lonnie G Thompson
- Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, 1090 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH 43210-1002, USA; School of Earth Sciences, 275 Mendenhall Laboratory, The Ohio State University, 125 South Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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15
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Li R, Li J, Cui L, Wu Y, Fu H, Chen J, Chen M. Atmospheric emissions of Cu and Zn from coal combustion in China: Spatio-temporal distribution, human health effects, and short-term prediction. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 229:724-734. [PMID: 28780412 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
China has become the largest coal consumer and important emitter of trace metals in the world. A multiple-year inventory of atmospheric copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) emissions from coal combustion in 30 provinces of China and 4 economic sectors (power plant, industry sector, residential sector, and others) for the period of 1995-2014 has been calculated. The results indicated that the total emissions of Cu and Zn increased from 5137.70 t and 11484.16 t in 1995-7099.24 t and 14536.61 t in 2014, at an annual average growth rate of 1.90% and 1.33%, respectively. The industrial sector ranked as the leading source, followed by power plants, the residential use, and other sectors. The emissions of Cu and Zn were predominantly concentrated in the northern and eastern regions of China due to the enormous consumption of coal by the industrial and the power sectors. The emissions of Cu and Zn were closely associated with mortality and life expectancy (LE) on the basis of multiple regression analysis. Spatial econometric models suggested that Cu and Zn emissions displayed significantly positive relevance with mortality, while they exhibited negative correlation with LE. The influence of the Cu emission peaked in the north of China for both mortality and LE, while the impacts of the Zn emission on mortality and LE reached a maximum value in Xinjiang Province. The results of the grey prediction model suggested that the Cu emission would decrease to 5424.73 t, whereas the Zn emissions could reach 17402.13 t in 2020. Analysis of more specific data are imperative in order to estimate the emissions of both metals, to assess their human health effects, and then to adopt effective measures to prevent environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junlin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lulu Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongbo Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mindong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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16
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Xiao E, Krumins V, Xiao T, Dong Y, Tang S, Ning Z, Huang Z, Sun W. Depth-resolved microbial community analyses in two contrasting soil cores contaminated by antimony and arsenic. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 221:244-255. [PMID: 27979681 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of microbial communities of soils contaminated by antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As) is necessary to obtain knowledge for their bioremediation. However, little is known about the depth profiles of microbial community composition and structure in Sb and As contaminated soils. Our previous studies have suggested that historical factors (i.e., soil and sediment) play important roles in governing microbial community structure and composition. Here, we selected two different types of soil (flooded paddy soil versus dry corn field soil) with co-contamination of Sb and As to study interactions between these metalloids, geochemical parameters and the soil microbiota as well as microbial metabolism in response to Sb and As contamination. Comprehensive geochemical analyses and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing were used to shed light on the interactions of the microbial communities with their environments. A wide diversity of taxonomical groups was present in both soil cores, and many were significantly correlated with geochemical parameters. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and co-occurrence networks further elucidated the impact of geochemical parameters (including Sb and As contamination fractions and sulfate, TOC, Eh, and pH) on vertical distribution of soil microbial communities. Metagenomes predicted from the 16S data using PICRUSt included arsenic metabolism genes such as arsenate reductase (ArsC), arsenite oxidase small subunit (AoxA and AoxB), and arsenite transporter (ArsA and ACR3). In addition, predicted abundances of arsenate reductase (ArsC) and arsenite oxidase (AoxA and AoxB) genes were significantly correlated with Sb contamination fractions, These results suggest potential As biogeochemical cycling in both soil cores and potentially dynamic Sb biogeochemical cycling as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Valdis Krumins
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 08901, USA
| | - Tangfu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Waters Safety & Protection in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yiran Dong
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, USA
| | - Song Tang
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Zengping Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Zhengyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weimin Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China.
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Wang K, Tian H, Hua S, Zhu C, Gao J, Xue Y, Hao J, Wang Y, Zhou J. A comprehensive emission inventory of multiple air pollutants from iron and steel industry in China: Temporal trends and spatial variation characteristics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 559:7-14. [PMID: 27054489 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
China has become the largest producer of iron and steel throughout the world since 1996. However, as an energy-and-pollution intensive manufacturing sector, a detailed comprehensive emission inventory of air pollutants for iron and steel industry of China is still not available. To obtain and better understand the temporal trends and spatial variation characteristics of typical hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) emissions from iron and steel production in China, a comprehensive emission inventory of multiple air pollutants, including size segregated particulate matter (TSP/PM10/PM2.5), gaseous pollutants (SO2, NOx, CO), heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, Ni etc.), as well as the more dangerous PCDD/Fs, is established with the unit-based annual activity, specific dynamic emission factors for the historical period of 1978-2011, and the future potential trends till to 2050 are forecasted by using scenario analysis. Our results show that emissions of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter have experienced a gradual increase tendency since 2000, while emissions of priority-controlled heavy metals (Hg, Pb, As, Cd, Cr, and Ni) have exhibited a short-term fluctuation during the period of 1990 to 2005. With regard to the spatial distribution of HAPs emissions in base year 2011, Bohai economic circle is identified as the top emission intensity region where iron and steel smelting plants are densely built; within iron and steel industry, blast furnaces contribute the majority of PM emissions, sinter plants account for most of gaseous pollutants and the majority of PCDD/Fs, whereas steel making processes are responsible for the majority of heavy metal emissions. Moreover, comparisons of future emission trends under three scenarios indicate that advanced technologies and integrated whole process management strategies are in great need to further diminish various hazardous air pollutants from iron and steel industry in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hezhong Tian
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Shenbing Hua
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chuanyong Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jiajia Gao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yifeng Xue
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jiming Hao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Junrui Zhou
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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18
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Yang H, He M, Wang X. Concentration and speciation of antimony and arsenic in soil profiles around the world's largest antimony metallurgical area in China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2015; 37:21-33. [PMID: 24969304 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-014-9627-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mining and smelting activities contribute large amounts of heavy metal pollution to the environment. In this study, four 75- or 80-cm-deep soil profiles in the vicinity of the Xikuangshan Sb smelter were sampled and studied by combination of bulk chemical analysis, sequential extraction procedure, and speciation analysis of Sb and As, which are in order to assess the vertical mobility of metal/metalloid contaminants (Sb, As, Cd, and Hg). The heavy contamination in the soil profiles is mostly located in the uppermost soil layers enriched in organic matter (<40 cm) and exhibited downward migration in the soil profiles. Sb and As, being substantially bound in the exchangeable fractions by sequential extraction studies, showed significant mobility in the profiles. Sb(III), Sb(V), As(III), and As(V) were found in all of the soil samples, and certain methylated states of Sb (TMSb) and As (MMA, DMA) were also present in the lower layer soil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
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19
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Zhou C, Liu G, Fang T, Lam PKS, Lam JCW. Atmospheric emissions of toxic elements (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) from brick making plants in China. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14443k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A multiple-year emission inventory of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb from brick making plants in China has been first established for the period 2008–2013 by employing the available emission factors and annual activity data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuncai Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment
- School of Earth and Space Sciences
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment
- School of Earth and Space Sciences
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Ting Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment
- School of Earth and Space Sciences
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Paul K. S. Lam
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution
- Department of Biology and Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- China
| | - James C. W. Lam
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution
- Department of Biology and Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- China
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20
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Schroeder P, Belis CA, Schnelle-Kreis J, Herzig R, Prevot ASH, Raveton M, Kirchner M, Catinon M. Why air quality in the Alps remains a matter of concern. The impact of organic pollutants in the alpine area. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:252-267. [PMID: 24046224 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the middle of Europe, the Alps form a geographical and meteorological trap for atmospheric pollutants including volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds emitted in the surrounding lowlands. This is due to their barrier effects, high precipitation rates, and low ambient temperatures. Also the pollutants emitted in the cities inside the Alps spread in the region depending on orographic and meteorological conditions. Although a number of studies on the distribution and effect of pollutants in the Alps has been published, comprehensive information on potential hazards, and ways to improve this sensible environment are lacking. This opinion paper is the result of a discussion during the Winterseminar of the AlpsBioCluster project in Munich. It summarizes the current literature and presents some case studies on local pollution sources in the Alps, and the possibility of using biomonitoring techniques to assess critical pollution loads and distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schroeder
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, GmbH, Research Unit Microbe Plant Interactions, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany,
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21
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Chen J, Liu G, Kang Y, Wu B, Sun R, Zhou C, Wu D. Atmospheric emissions of F, As, Se, Hg, and Sb from coal-fired power and heat generation in China. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:1925-1932. [PMID: 23149189 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Coal is one of the major energy resources in China, with nearly half of produced Chinese coal used for power and heat generation. The large use of coal for power and heat generation in China may result in significant atmospheric emissions of toxic volatile trace elements (i.e. F, As, Se, Hg, and Sb). For the purpose of estimating the atmospheric emissions from coal-fired power and heat generation in China, a simple method based on coal consumption, concentration and emission factor of trace element was adopted to calculate the gaseous emissions of elements F, As, Se, Hg, and Sb. Results indicate that about 162161, 236, 637, 172, and 33 t F, As, Se, Hg, and Sb, respectively, were introduced into atmosphere from coal combustion by power and heat generation in China in 2009. The atmospheric emissions of F, As, Se, Hg, and Sb by power and heat generation increased from 2005 to 2009 with increasing coal consumptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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22
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Kuwae M, Tsugeki NK, Agusa T, Toyoda K, Tani Y, Ueda S, Tanabe S, Urabe J. Sedimentary records of metal deposition in Japanese alpine lakes for the last 250 years: recent enrichment of airborne Sb and In in East Asia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013. [PMID: 23178779 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of 18 elements, including Sb, In, Sn, and Bi, were measured in sediment cores from two pristine alpine lakes on Mount Hachimantai, northern Japan, representing the past 250 years. Vertical variations in concentrations are better explained by atmospheric metal deposition than by diagenetic redistribution of Fe and Mn hydroxide and organic matter. Anthropogenic metal fluxes were estimated from (210)Pb-derived accumulation rates and metal concentrations in excess of the Al-normalized mean background concentration before 1850. Anthropogenic fluxes of Sb and In showed gradual increases starting around 1900 in both lakes, and marked increases after 1980. Comparison of Sb/Pb and Pb stable isotope ratios in sediments with those in aerosols of China or northern Japan and Japanese source materials (recent traffic- and incinerator-derived dust) suggest that the markedly elevated Sb flux after 1980 resulted primarily from enhanced long-range transport in aerosols containing Sb and Pb from coal combustion on the Asian continent. The fluxes of In, Sn, and Bi which are present in Chinese coal showed increasing trends similar to Sb for both study lakes. This suggests that the same source although incinerators in Japan may not be ruled out as sources of In. The sedimentary records for the last 250 years indicate that atmospheric pollution of Sb and In in East Asia have intensified during recent decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michinobu Kuwae
- Senior Research Fellow Center, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
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23
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Tian H, Gao J, Lu L, Zhao D, Cheng K, Qiu P. Temporal trends and spatial variation characteristics of hazardous air pollutant emission inventory from municipal solid waste incineration in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:10364-10371. [PMID: 22920612 DOI: 10.1021/es302343s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A multiple-year emission inventory of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), including particulate matter (PM), SO(2), NO(x), CO, HCl, As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sb, and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), discharged from municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration in China has been established for the period 2003-2010 by using the best available emission factors and annual activity data. Our results show that the total emissions have rapidly amounted to 28,471.1 t of NO(x), 12,062.1 t of SO(2), 6500.5 t of CO, 4654.6 t of PM, 3609.1 t of HCl, 69.5 t of Sb, 36.7 t of Hg, 9.4 t of Pb, 4.4 t of Cr, 2.8 t of Ni, 926.7 kg of Cd, 231.7 kg of As, and 23.6 g of PCDD/Fs as TEQ (toxic equivalent quantity) by the year 2010. The majority of HAP emissions are concentrated in the eastern central and southeastern areas of China where most MSW incineration plants are built and put into operation. Between 2003 and 2010, provinces always ranking in the top three with largest HAPs emissions are Zhejiang, Guangdong, and Jiangsu. To better understand the emissions of these HAPs and to adopt effective measures to prevent poisoning risks, more specific field-test data collection is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezhong Tian
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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24
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Tian H, Zhao D, Cheng K, Lu L, He M, Hao J. Anthropogenic atmospheric emissions of antimony and its spatial distribution characteristics in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:3973-3980. [PMID: 22397522 DOI: 10.1021/es2041465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An integrated inventory of atmospheric antimony (Sb) emissions from anthropogenic activities in China is compiled for the years 2005-2009. Emissions are estimated for all major anthropogenic sources for the first time. We estimate that the national emissions of antimony are 818 metric tons (t) in 2009, with the largest contribution from coal combustion at 61.8% of the total, while 26.7% of Sb is emitted from nonferrous metals smelting. Emissions are heaviest in Guizhou province, mainly due to small-scale combustion of high-Sb coal without emission control devices, and in Hunan province, where extensive smelting occurs. Furthermore, Sb emissions from 2188 large point sources and area sources are distributed within latitude/longitude-based grids with a resolution of 30 min × 30 min where Sb emissions are largely concentrated in highly populated and industrialized southwestern China, the east central region, and coastal areas. The uncertainties in our bottom-up inventory are quantified as -11% to 40% by Monte Carlo simulation. We recommend continuous field testing of coal combustors and smelters in China to improve the accuracy of these estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezhong Tian
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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25
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He M, Wang X, Wu F, Fu Z. Antimony pollution in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 421-422:41-50. [PMID: 21741676 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2010] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Antimony (Sb) is ubiquitous throughout the environment as a result of natural processes and human activities. In China, superlarge-, large and medium-sized Sb deposits are concentrated in the Guangxi (34.4%), Hunan (21.2%), Yunnan (12.2%) and Guizhou (10.2%) provinces. Due to Sb mining and smelting processes, large quantities of Sb have been released resulting in serious Sb contamination of the local environments. Furthermore, coal combustion and Sb products consumed by the domestic market are also important potential Sb contamination sources. Here, an integrated overview of the current knowledge on the distribution of Sb in Chinese environments and the human health risk with respect to Sb contamination in Chinese mining and smelting areas are presented. The average Sb concentrations found in soils were divided into three groups. Group 1 had lower Sb concentrations of 0.5-1.5mgkg(-1), Group 2 had medium concentrations of 1.5-2mgkg(-1), and Group 3 had relatively high concentrations of over 2mgkg(-1). Soils from the Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou and Hunan provinces were extremely enriched in Sb. Data on the sediment and water mainly came from the Yangtze River water systems and some mining and smelting areas. The Sb concentrations in sediments were of the order of a few mgkg(-1). In water, Sb was mainly concentrated in the particle matter. Higher concentrations in water (up to 29.4mgL(-1)) and sediments (up to 1163mgkg(-1)) were mainly limited to the proximity of mining and smelting areas than the faraway places (<5.00mgL(-1) for water and <3.00mgkg(-1) for sediments, respectively). Plants growing in these contaminated soils accumulated high levels of Sb (up to 143.7mgkg(-1)) and exceeded the tolerable concentration (5mgkg(-1)), thus threatening the health of local inhabitants. The local environments around Sb mining and smelting areas were seriously contaminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchang He
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
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26
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Tian HZ, Lu L, Cheng K, Hao JM, Zhao D, Wang Y, Jia WX, Qiu PP. Anthropogenic atmospheric nickel emissions and its distribution characteristics in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 417-418:148-57. [PMID: 22236636 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nickel and its compounds are considered as potential human carcinogens, and atmospheric nickel is one of the major routes for human exposure. By applying the best available fuel-based or product-based emission factors and annual activity levels, a multiple-year comprehensive inventory of anthropogenic atmospheric nickel emissions in China is presented with temporal trend and spatial resolutions for the period of 1980-2009 from both fuels combustion sources and industrial producing processes. We estimate that the total atmospheric nickel emissions from all the sources have increased from 1096.07 t in 1980 to 3933.71 t in 2009, at an average annual growth rate of 4.5%. Therein, coal combustion is the leading source, attributing 63.4% of the national total nickel emissions in 2009; liquid fuels consumption ranks the second, contributing 12.4% of the totals; biofuels burning accounts for 8.4% and the remaining sources together contribute 15.8% of the totals. Significant spatial variations are demonstrated among provincial emissions and the most concentrated regions are the highly industrialized and densely populated areas like the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Moreover, the overall uncertainties are estimated at -32.6%-37.7% by using Monte Carlo simulation, most of which come from non-ferrous metals smelting category, implying the urgent need for further investigation and field tests. This article may help to combat the increasing stress on air heavy metals pollution in China and provide useful information to calculate global mass balance models for hazardous trace elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Z Tian
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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