1
|
Ulanova E, Martí Ibáñez R, Domínguez-García P, Díaz-Ferrero J, Gomez-Canela C, Ortiz Almirall X. Impact of legacy and unintentionally produced polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in effluents from two wastewater treatment plants in rivers near Barcelona, Spain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175095. [PMID: 39074743 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a family of 209 congeners listed as Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Stockholm Convention. Although there has been a lot of focus on those congeners present in the Aroclor or Clophen technical mixtures commercialized in the past (legacy PCBs), other industrial processes such as paint and pigment production can generate other congeners as byproducts (Unintentionally Produced PCBs or UP-PCBs). The present study focuses on the analysis of 72 PCB congeners (including 42 UP-PCBs) in the two major rivers surrounding the city of Barcelona -Llobregat and Besós rivers-, and their levels in two wastewater treatment plants during the production of effluents and reclaimed water. It was observed that WWTP can efficiently remove PCBs from untreated water during sludge production where concentrations are six orders of magnitude higher than in water (in the ng g-1 and pg L-1 ranges, respectively). Although PCB levels in the effluent and reclaimed water replenishing the rivers are not negligible, these do not significantly increase the concentrations already found in the studied rivers, and in most cases PCB concentrations in river water are reduced after merging with the reclaimed water due to dilution effect. The presence of UP-PCB-11 (not present in the Aroclor technical mixtures) in the analyzed water and sludge samples is significant (ranging from 22 to 25 % of the total PCB amount in the Besós river), being often one of the most abundant PCB congeners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ulanova
- Environmental Laboratory, IQS - Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; Analytical and Applied Chemistry Department, IQS - Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Martí Ibáñez
- Environmental Laboratory, IQS - Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; Analytical and Applied Chemistry Department, IQS - Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pol Domínguez-García
- Analytical and Applied Chemistry Department, IQS - Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Díaz-Ferrero
- Environmental Laboratory, IQS - Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; Analytical and Applied Chemistry Department, IQS - Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Gomez-Canela
- Analytical and Applied Chemistry Department, IQS - Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Ortiz Almirall
- Environmental Laboratory, IQS - Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; Analytical and Applied Chemistry Department, IQS - Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu J, Ouyang T, Lu G, Li M, Li Y, Hou J, He C, Gao P. Ecosystem risk-based prioritization of micropollutants in wastewater treatment plant effluents across China. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 263:122168. [PMID: 39096815 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Identifying priority pollutants in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents is crucial for optimizing monitoring efforts, improving regulations, and developing targeted mitigation strategies. Despite the presence of numerous trace organic pollutants in WWTP effluents, a comprehensive prioritization scheme is lacking, hindering effective control. This study screened 216 micropollutants, including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and industrial chemicals, which had been detected in effluents from 46 WWTPs across China. A multi-criteria prioritization method was developed, considering exposure potential based on median concentrations and detection frequencies, as well as hazard potential determined by persistence, bioaccumulation, in vitro toxicity, and in vivo toxicity. Pollutants with low exposure or hazard potential were filtered out, and a priority index was calculated to rank the remaining 59 substances. The top 15 priority pollutants included regulated persistent organic pollutants like perfluorooctanoic acid and their alternatives such as perfluorobutane sulfonate, pesticide transformation products, and emerging contaminants such as bisphenol A, which are not currently regulated in WWTP effluents. This study provides a systematic approach to identify priority pollutants and generates a guiding framework for monitoring, regulation, and control of both well-recognized and overlooked contaminants in WWTP effluents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Tian Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Guanghua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Ming Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Yiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Chao He
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gidley PT, Lotufo GR, Schmidt SN, Mayer P, Burgess RM. Quantitative thermodynamic exposure assessment of PCBs available to sandworms ( Alitta virens) in activated carbon remediated sediment during ongoing sediment deposition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024; 26:814-823. [PMID: 38345076 PMCID: PMC11179148 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00405h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Marine mesoscale studies with sandworms (Alitta virens) were conducted to isolate important processes governing the exposure and bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at contaminated sediment sites. Ex situ equilibrium sampling with silicone-coated jars, and in situ passive sampling with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) were used to determine the performance of an activated carbon (AC) amendment remedy applied to the bed sediment. A quantitative thermodynamic exposure assessment ('QTEA') was performed, showing that PCB concentrations in polymers at equilibrium with the surficial sediment were suited to measure and assess the remedy effectiveness with regard to PCB bioaccumulation in worms. In practice, monitoring the performance of sediment remedies should utilize a consistent and predictive form of polymeric sampling of the sediment. The present study found that ex situ equilibrium sampling of the surficial sediment was the most useful for understanding changes in bioaccumulation potential as a result of the applied remedy, during bioturbation and ongoing sediment and contaminant influx processes. The ultrathin silicone coatings of the ex situ sampling provided fast equilibration of PCBs between the sediment interstitial water and the polymer, and the multiple coating thicknesses were applied to confirm equilibrium and the absence of surface sorption artifacts. Overall, ex situ equilibrium sampling of surficial sediment could fit into existing frameworks as a robust and cost-effective tool for contaminated sediment site assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip T Gidley
- US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA.
| | - Guilherme R Lotufo
- US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA.
| | - Stine N Schmidt
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental & Resource Engineering, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Philipp Mayer
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental & Resource Engineering, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Robert M Burgess
- US Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/NHEERL/Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cao G, Wang W, Zhang J, Wu P, Qiao H, Li H, Huang G, Yang Z, Cai Z. Occurrence and Fate of Substituted p-Phenylenediamine-Derived Quinones in Hong Kong Wastewater Treatment Plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:15635-15643. [PMID: 37798257 PMCID: PMC10586368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
para-Phenylenediamine quinones (PPD-Qs) are a newly discovered class of transformation products derived from para-phenylenediamine (PPD) antioxidants. These compounds are prevalent in runoff, roadside soil, and particulate matter. One compound among these, N-1,3-dimethylbutyl-n'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPD-Q), was found to induce acute mortality of coho salmon, rainbow trout, and brook trout, with the median lethal concentrations even lower than its appearance in the surface and receiving water system. However, there was limited knowledge about the occurrence and fate of these emerging environmental contaminants in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which is crucial for effective pollutant removal via municipal wastewater networks. In the current study, we performed a comprehensive investigation of a suite of PPD-Qs along with their parent compounds across the influent, effluent, and biosolids during each processing unit in four typical WWTPs in Hong Kong. The total concentrations of PPDs and PPD-Qs in the influent were determined to be 2.7-90 and 14-830 ng/L. In the effluent, their concentrations decreased to 0.59-40 and 2.8-140 ng/L, respectively. The median removal efficiency for PPD-Qs varied between 53.0 and 91.0% across the WWTPs, indicating that a considerable proportion of these contaminants may not be fully eliminated through the current processing technology. Mass flow analyses revealed that relatively higher levels of PPD-Qs were retained in the sewage sludge (20.0%) rather than in the wastewater (16.9%). In comparison to PPDs, PPD-Qs with higher half-lives exhibited higher release levels via effluent wastewater, which raises particular concerns about their environmental consequences to aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental
and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental
and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| | - Han Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental
and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| | - Huankai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental
and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| | - Gefei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental
and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| | - Zhu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental
and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental
and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sim W, Nam A, Lee M, Oh JE. Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in surface sediments from river networks, South Korea: Spatial distribution, source identification, and ecological risks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:94371-94385. [PMID: 37531057 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28973-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the nationwide monitoring of 65 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 23 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in surface sediments was conducted at 77 sites in river networks in South Korea. The concentrations of ∑PCBs were relatively high in industrial sites (0.0297-138 ng/g dry weight (dw); mean 15.1 ng/g dw; median 5.44 ng/g dw), followed by industrial and agricultural (not detected (ND)-15.2 ng/g dw; mean 1.23 ng/g dw; median 0.513 ng/g dw), other sites (0.0369-0.209 ng/g dw; mean 0.116 ng/g dw; median 0.101 ng/g dw), and agricultural (0.0119-0.359 ng/g dw; mean 0.117 ng/g dw; median 0.0476 ng/g dw). The distribution and composition of PCBs in sediments are affected by past use of commercial products, atmospheric deposition, wastewater effluents, and manufacturing processes. The concentrations of ∑OCPs in industrial sites ranged from 0.0587 to 8.70 ng/g dw (mean 1.85 ng/g dw; median 0.989 ng/g dw), followed by industrial and agricultural (ND-8.54 ng/g dw; mean 0.739 ng/g dw; median 0.343 ng/g dw), other sites (0.0247-0.143 ng/g dw; mean 0.0939 ng/g dw; median 0.114 ng/g dw), and agricultural (0.00838-0.931 ng/g dw; mean 0.232 ng/g dw; median 0.0752 ng/g dw). Hexachlorobenzene and pentachlorobenzene are unintentionally generated in industries and combustion processes. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes and chlordane were dominantly distributed by historical use, whereas recent inputs (i.e., long-range transport and atmospheric deposition) were related to aldrin, heptachlor, and hexachlorocyclohexanes. The ecological risks determined by the sediment quality guidelines and mean probable effect level quotients were acceptable, except at two sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wonjin Sim
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Aeji Nam
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Lee
- National Institute of Environmental Research, 42 hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Oh
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Brod E, Henriksen TM, Ørnsrud R, Eggen T. Quality of fish sludge as fertiliser to spring cereals: Nitrogen effects and environmental pollutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162541. [PMID: 36871723 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to contribute to development of organic fertiliser products based on fish sludge (i.e. feed residues and faeces) from farmed smolt. Four dried fish sludge products, one liquid digestate after anaerobic digestion and one dried digestate were collected at Norwegian smolt hatcheries in 2019 and 2020. Their quality as fertilisers was studied by chemical analyses, two 2-year field experiments with spring cereals and soil incubation combined with a first-order kinetics N release model. Cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) concentrations were below European Union maximum limits for organic fertilisers in all products except one (liquid digestate). Relevant organic pollutants (PCB7, PBDE7, PCDD/F + DL-PCB) were analysed for the first time and detected in all fish sludge products. Nutrient composition was unbalanced, with low nitrogen/phosphorus (N/P) ratio and low potassium (K) content relative to crop requirements. Nitrogen concentration in the dried fish sludge products varied (27-70 g N kg-1 dry matter), even when treated by the same technology but sampled at different locations and/or times. In the dried fish sludge products, N was mainly present as recalcitrant organic N, resulting in lower grain yield than with mineral N fertiliser. Digestate showed equally good N fertilisation effect as mineral N fertiliser, but drying reduced N quality. Soil incubation in combination with modelling is a relatively cheap tool that can give a good indication of N quality in fish sludge products with unknown fertilisation effects. Carbon/N ratio in dried fish sludge can also be used as an indicator of N quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Brod
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Postbox 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway.
| | | | - Robin Ørnsrud
- Institute of Marine Research, Postbox 1870 Nordnes, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Trine Eggen
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Postbox 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Viganò L, Guzzella L, Marziali L, Mascolo G, Bagnuolo G, Ciannarella R, Roscioli C. The last 50 years of organic contamination of a highly anthropized tributary of the Po River (Italy). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 326:116665. [PMID: 36423407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We examined the temporal profiles of many organic micropollutants analysed in a sediment core sampled from a highly anthropized tributary of the Po River, the Lambro River. Analysed for extractable organic halogens (EOX), total petroleum hydrocarbons (C10-C40TPH), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), common legacy pollutants (DDTs, PCBs), halogenated flame retardants (PBDEs, DBDPE, TBBPA-bis, TCBPA, TBBPA, HBCDs), organotins (TBT, TPhT), antimicrobials (TCS, TCC), fragrances (AHTN, HHCB) and phthalates (DMP, DEP, DnBP, BBP, DEHP, DnOP), the dated sediment core revealed the historical record of 50 years of chemical contamination discharged into the Lambro and thereby the Po River. In this regard, the peak levels of PCBs and DDTs found in Lambro sediments were also identified in other sediment cores collected from the Po River prodelta in the Adriatic Sea, thus hundreds of kilometres downstream (Combi et al., 2020). The highest risk to aquatic organisms was associated with decades of high levels of C10-C40 TPH, PBDEs, PCBs, PAHs, DDTs, EOX, TCC, AHTN and DEHP, which in different periods of the contamination history, showed exceedances of guideline/threshold values. C10-C40 TPH and TCC, for example, were very high in the 1960s, whereas PCBs, DDTs, and PBDEs, peaked from the 1980s onward. The corresponding sums of PEC quotients ranged between 0.48 and 28.63, with a mean value (±SD) for the entire recording period of 10.62 ± 9.83. Environmental legislations and improved wastewater treatments were the main drivers of the recent downward trends observed for most of the chemicals investigated. Floods in turn resulted in macroscopic yet temporary improvements in the chemical quality of the tributary, conveying contaminated sediments into the Po River.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Viganò
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, (IRSA - CNR), Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy.
| | - Licia Guzzella
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, (IRSA - CNR), Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Laura Marziali
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, (IRSA - CNR), Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mascolo
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, (IRSA - CNR), Via De Blasio 5, 70132, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bagnuolo
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, (IRSA - CNR), Via De Blasio 5, 70132, Bari, Italy
| | - Ruggero Ciannarella
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, (IRSA - CNR), Via De Blasio 5, 70132, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudio Roscioli
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, (IRSA - CNR), Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lombard NJ, Bokare M, Harrison R, Yonkos L, Pinkney A, Murali D, Ghosh U. Codeployment of Passive Samplers and Mussels Reveals Major Source of Ongoing PCB Inputs to the Anacostia River in Washington, DC. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1320-1331. [PMID: 36622805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Remedial investigations of sites contaminated with legacy pollutants like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have traditionally focused on mapping sediment contamination to develop a site conceptual model and select remedy options. Ignoring dissolved concentrations that drive transport and bioaccumulation often leads to an incomplete assessment of ongoing inputs to the water column and overestimation of potential effectiveness of sediment remediation. Here, we demonstrate the utility of codeployment of passive equilibrium samplers and freshwater mussels as dual lines of evidence to identify ongoing sources of PCBs from eight main tributaries of the Anacostia River in Washington, DC, that has been historically polluted from industrial and other human activities. The freely dissolved PCB concentrations measured using passive samplers tracked well with the accumulation in mussels and allowed predictions of biouptake within a factor of 2 for total PCBs and a factor of 4 for most congeners. One tributary was identified as the primary source of PCBs to the water column and became a focus of additional ongoing investigations. Codeployment of passive samplers and mussels provides strong lines of evidence to refine site conceptual models and identify ongoing sources critical to control to achieve river water quality standards and reduce bioaccumulation in the aquatic food web.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie J Lombard
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland21250, United States
| | - Mandar Bokare
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland21250, United States
| | - Rachel Harrison
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20740, United States
| | - Lance Yonkos
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20740, United States
| | - Alfred Pinkney
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office, Annapolis, Maryland21401, United States
| | - Dev Murali
- District of Columbia Department of Energy and Environment, Washington, District of Columbia20002, United States
| | - Upal Ghosh
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland21250, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yan S, Bokare M, Ghosh U. Equilibrium Porewater Measurement of PCBs and PAHs Using Direct Water Extraction and Comparison with Passive Sampling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:10020-10029. [PMID: 35759616 PMCID: PMC9302434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The freely dissolved concentration of hydrophobic pollutants in sediment porewater (Cpw) is a critical driver for exposure to aquatic organisms, bioaccumulation, toxicity, and flux across interfaces. In this research, we compared direct porewater extraction and passive sampling for Cpw measurements of a range of PCBs and PAHs in field-collected sediments. The direct water extraction method provided accurate quantification of Cpw for low to moderately hydrophobic PCB and PAH compounds (log Kow < 6.5) that compared well with independent measurements performed using four passive sampling methods. Direct water extraction was adequate to assess narcosis toxicity of PAHs to benthic organisms that is driven by the concentrations of low to moderately hydrophobic PAHs (naphthalene to chrysene), even for a hypothetical sediment that had a tenth of the PAH concentrations of the study sediments and was assessed to be nontoxic. Prediction of PCB bioaccumulation in benthic organisms agreed within 50% for all measurement methods, but it was apparent that for less contaminated sediments, the direct water extraction method would likely have detection limit challenges, especially for the strongly hydrophobic PCBs. To address the uncertainty of the Cpw measurement of the strongly hydrophobic compounds and naphthalene, a new extrapolation approach is demonstrated that can be applicable for both direct water extraction and passive sampling methods.
Collapse
|
10
|
Gallen C, Bignert A, Taucare G, O'Brien J, Braeunig J, Reeks T, Thompson J, Mueller JF. Temporal trends of perfluoroalkyl substances in an Australian wastewater treatment plant: A ten-year retrospective investigation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 804:150211. [PMID: 34798742 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a problematic group of chemicals used in various industrial and household products. They have been extensively detected in wastewater as a result of day-to-day product usage. Due to concerns about their safety, voluntary and regulatory action to limit the manufacture and use of some individual PFAS has occurred since the year 2000. The impact that this intervention has had on the use and potential exposure of Australians has not been measured. Wastewater serves as a powerful tool to assess the chemical use or consumption patterns of a population over time. We accessed a ten-year wastewater archiving program to conduct a temporal analysis of PFAS trends in an urban Australian population between the years 2010 and 2020. Results showed a decline in the concentrations for most PFAS, and a change in the PFAS profile from perfluorosulfonic acids and long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids, to the short-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids and PFOS-replacement degradation products such as 5:3 FTCA. Intermittent pulses of PFAS that were significantly higher than 'background' levels (i.e., representing the PFAS input from primarily households) were observed, suggesting continuing industrial PFAS input within the wastewater catchment. This study highlights the long-term consequences of the diffuse use of persistent chemicals in products, and their ability to continue to enter the wastewater stream for decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Gallen
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia.
| | - A Bignert
- Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Frescativägen 40, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - G Taucare
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia.
| | - J O'Brien
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia.
| | - J Braeunig
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia.
| | - T Reeks
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia.
| | - J Thompson
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia.
| | - J F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Qi C, Wang R, Jia S, Chen J, Li Y, Zhang J, Li G, Luo W. Biochar amendment to advance contaminant removal in anaerobic digestion of organic solid wastes: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125827. [PMID: 34455247 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) has been widely applied to convert organic solid wastes into biogas, a renewable energy, and digestate, a bio-fertilizer, to sustain waste management. Nevertheless, several vexing contaminants in OSWs restrict digestate application in agriculture. Biochar has been evidenced to effectively improve AD by promoting organic biodegradation and alleviating the accumulation of inhibitory substances (e.g. ammonia and volatile fatty acids). Furthermore, biochar could advance contaminant removal in AD given its highly porous, conductive and alkaline features. Thus, this review aims to highlight the role of biochar amendment to advance contaminant removal in AD of OSWs. Key contaminants, such as antibiotics, heavy metals, microplastics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, furfural and 5-hydroxy methyl furfural (5-HMF) that ubiquitously present in OSWs were demonstrated. The underlying mechanisms of biochar to amend the removal of these contaminants by AD were discussed. Furthermore, future perspectives to the development of biochar-assisted AD for OSWs treatment were provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanren Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sumeng Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenhai Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Garrido Reyes TI, Mendoza Crisosto JE, Varela Echeverria PS, Mejías Barrios EG, Álvarez Salgado XA. Interaction between polychlorinated biphenyls and dissolved organic matter of different molecular weights from natural and anthropic sources. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 299:113645. [PMID: 34523545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are compounds of significant interest due to high toxicity, persistence, long-range atmospheric transport, and bioaccumulation. These compounds can interact with components present in the environment, including dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soils and waters, thereby modifying its availability and movement. In this study, DOM was fractionated by ultrafiltration and characterized according to its hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity, then the interaction of a series of PCBs and different DOM fractions was evaluated. The DOM was collected from the surface waters of three sectors located along a river in the southern part of America. These sectors are subject to different anthropic activities, thus the DOM of sector 1, with the least anthropic influence, was mainly hydrophobic and with a high content of aromatic structures. In contrast, the DOM collected from sectors 2 and 3, where anthropic activity is highest, was slightly hydrophobic and hydrophilic, respectively. The DOM of these two sectors was mainly composed of low molecular weight macromolecules. These results revealed that more hydrophobic PCBs (i.e., 101, 118, 138, and 180) have a greater affinity to DOM with a higher molecular weight (i.e., >1 kDa). In turn, PCBs with lesser chlorination and hydrophobicity presented a greater affinity to DOM with a lower molecular weight. In conclusion, our study shows that the high molecular weight DOM is responsible for mobilizing PCBs with a high degree of chlorination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Inés Garrido Reyes
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Casilla 233, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Jorge Eugenio Mendoza Crisosto
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Casilla 233, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Stefanie Varela Echeverria
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Casilla 233, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Gabriel Mejías Barrios
- Departamento de Tecnologías Nucleares (DTN), División de Investigación y Aplicaciones Nucleares (DIAN), Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear (CCHEN), Santiago, Chile
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ghosh U, Bokare M, Gobas FAPC. Deconvoluting Thermodynamics from Biology in the Aquatic Food Web Model. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:2145-2155. [PMID: 33930216 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulation of hydrophobic pollutants in an aquatic food web is governed by exposure concentrations in sediment and water phases and by complex trophic interactions among the various species. We demonstrate that biological interactions and exposure from the chemical environment can be deconvoluted for aquatic food webs to allow clearer assessments of the role of thermodynamic drivers from the sediment and surface water phases. We first demonstrate the feasibility of this deconvolution mathematically for hypothetical food webs with 3 and 4 interacting species and for more realistic real-world food webs with >10 species of aquatic organisms (i.e., the freshwater lake food web in Western Lake Erie [ON, Canada] and the marine food web in New Bedford Harbor [MA, USA]). Our results show both mathematically (for the simple food webs) and computationally (for the more complex food webs) that a deconvoluted food web model parameterized for site-specific conditions can predict the bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls in aquatic organisms same as existing complex food web models. The merit of this approach is that once the thermodynamic and biological contributions to food web bioaccumulation are computed for an ecosystem, the deconvoluted model provides a relatively simple approach for calculating concentrations of chemicals in organisms for a range of possible surface water and sedimentary concentrations. This approach is especially useful for calculating bioaccumulation of pollutants from freely dissolved concentrations measured using passive sampling devices or predicted by fate and transport models. The deconvoluted approach makes it possible to develop regulatory guidelines for a set of surface water and sediment (or porewater) concentration combinations for a water body that is able to achieve a risk-based target for fish concentration. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2145-2155. © 2021 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Upal Ghosh
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mandar Bokare
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Frank A P C Gobas
- Resource and Environment Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Garcia MS, Orcini WA, Peruquetti RL, Perobelli JE. New approach for reproductive toxicity assessment: chromatoid bodies as a target for methylmercury and polychlorinated biphenyls in prepubertal male rats. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:914-922. [PMID: 32586421 DOI: 10.1071/rd19447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the reproductive toxicity of methylmercury (MeHg) and Aroclor (Sigma-Aldrich), alone or in combination, following exposure of prepubertal male rats considering the chromatoid body (CB) as a potential target. The CB is an important molecular regulator of mammalian spermatogenesis, primarily during spermatid cytodifferentiation. Male Wistar rats were exposed to MeHg and/or Aroclor , according the following experimental design: control group, which was administered in corn oil (vehicle) only; MeHg-treated group, which was administered 0.5mg kg-1 day-1 MeHg; Aroclor-treated group, which was administered 1mg kg-1 day-1 Aroclor; Mix-LD, group which was administered a low-dose mixture of MeHg (0.05mg kg-1 day-1) and Aroclor (0.1mg kg-1 day-1); and Mix-HD group, which was administered a high-dose mixture of MeHg (0.5mg kg-1 day-1) and Aroclor (1.0mg kg-1 day-1). MeHg was diluted in distilled water and Aroclor was made up in corn oil (volume 1mL kg-1). Rats were administered the different treatments from PND23 to PND53 by gavage, . The morphophysiology of CBs was analysed, together with aspects of steroid hormones status and regulation, just after the last treatment on PND53. In addition, the long-term effects on sperm parameters were assessed in adult animals. MeHg exposure increased mouse VASA homologue (MVH) protein levels in seminiferous tubules, possibly affecting the epigenetic status of germ cells. Aroclor produced morphological changes to CB assembly, which may explain the observed morphological defects to the sperm flagellum and the consequent decrease in sperm motility. There were no clear additive or synergistic effects between MeHg and Aroclor when administered in combination. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that MeHg and Aroclor have independent deleterious effects on the developing testis, causing molecular and morphological changes in CBs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that CBs are targets for toxic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S Garcia
- School of Health Sciences, Sagrado Coração University, Rua Irmã Arminda, 10-50, Jd., Brasil, 17011-160, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil; and Experimental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Rua Dr Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, Encruzilhada, 11070-102 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - W A Orcini
- Molecular Biology and Cytogenetics Laboratory, Sagrado Coração University, Rua Irmã Arminda, 10-50, Jd., Brasil, 17011-160, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R L Peruquetti
- School of Health Sciences, Sagrado Coração University, Rua Irmã Arminda, 10-50, Jd., Brasil, 17011-160, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil; and Molecular Biology and Cytogenetics Laboratory, Sagrado Coração University, Rua Irmã Arminda, 10-50, Jd., Brasil, 17011-160, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil; and Office of the Associate Dean of Graduate Studies and Research, Sagrado Coração University, Rua Irmã Arminda, 10-50, Jd., Brasil, 17011-160, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J E Perobelli
- Experimental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Rua Dr Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, Encruzilhada, 11070-102 Santos, SP, Brazil; and Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rigby H, Dowding A, Fernandes A, Humphries D, Jones NR, Lake I, Petch RG, Reynolds CK, Rose M, Smith SR. Concentrations of organic contaminants in industrial and municipal bioresources recycled in agriculture in the UK. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 765:142787. [PMID: 33246727 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many types of bioresource materials are beneficially recycled in agriculture for soil improvement and as alternative bedding materials for livestock, but they also potentially transfer contaminants into plant and animal foods. Representative types of industrial and municipal bioresources were selected to assess the extent of organic chemical contamination, including: (i) land applied materials: treated sewage sludge (biosolids), meat and bone meal ash (MBMA), poultry litter ash (PLA), paper sludge ash (PSA) and compost-like-output (CLO), and (ii) bedding materials: recycled waste wood (RWW), dried paper sludge (DPS), paper sludge ash (PSA) and shredded cardboard. The materials generally contained lower concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) relative to earlier reports, indicating the decline in environmental emissions of these established contaminants. However, concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) remain elevated in biosolids samples from urban catchments. Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) were present in larger amounts in biosolids and CLO compared to their chlorinated counterparts and hence are of potentially greater significance in contemporary materials. The presence of non-ortho-polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in DPS was probably due to non-legacy sources of PCBs in paper production. Flame retardent chemicals were one of the most significant and extensive groups of contaminants found in the bioresource materials. Decabromodiphenylether (deca-BDE) was the most abundant polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and may explain the formation and high concentrations of PBDD/Fs detected. Emerging flame retardant compounds, including: decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) and organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), were also detected in several of the materials. The profile of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) depended on the type of waste category; perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) was the most significant PFAS for DPS, whereas perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was dominant in biosolids and CLO. The concentrations of polychlorinated alkanes (PCAs) and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) were generally much larger than the other contaminants measured, indicating that there are major anthropogenic sources of these potentially hazardous chemicals entering the environment. The study results suggest that continued vigilance is required to control emissions and sources of these contaminants to support the beneficial use of secondary bioresource materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Rigby
- Imperial College Consultants Ltd., 58 Prince's Gate, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2PG, UK
| | - Alan Dowding
- Chemical Contaminants and Residues Branch, Food Safety Policy, Food Standards Agency, Clive House, 70 Petty France, London SW1H 9EX, UK
| | - Alwyn Fernandes
- The Food and Environment Research Agency (Fera), Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK; University of East Anglia, School of Environmental Sciences, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - David Humphries
- The University of Reading, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Centre for Dairy Research, POB 237, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Natalia R Jones
- University of East Anglia, School of Environmental Sciences, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Iain Lake
- University of East Anglia, School of Environmental Sciences, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Rupert G Petch
- The Food and Environment Research Agency (Fera), Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Christopher K Reynolds
- The University of Reading, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Centre for Dairy Research, POB 237, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Martin Rose
- The Food and Environment Research Agency (Fera), Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Stephen R Smith
- Imperial College Consultants Ltd., 58 Prince's Gate, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2PG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Choudri BS, Al-Awadhi T, Charabi Y, Al-Nasiri N. Wastewater treatment, reuse, and disposal-associated effects on environment and health. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:1595-1602. [PMID: 32681598 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the review of the literature published in the year 2019 related to treatment and reuse of wastewater and effects on the environment and human health. The scientific review on the treatment and reuse of wastewaters is divided into various sections in the paper. The review sections cover wastewater management, reuse, removal of microorganisms, and chemical constituents. Besides, the review also covers research focused on wastewater treatment plants, disposal, and the management of wastewater sludge as well as biosolids in the environment. PRACTITIONER POINTS: This paper highlights the review of scientific literature published in the year 2019.Review provide issues related to health risks associated with human and the general environment on the reuse of wastewater, treatment as well as disposal.The literature review covers selected papers relevant to the topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B S Choudri
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Talal Al-Awadhi
- Department of Geography, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Yassine Charabi
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Noura Al-Nasiri
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Department of Geography, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang W, Zhao M, Zhao Y, Shen W, Yin S. PDGFRα/β-PI3K-Akt pathway response to the interplay of mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage in Aroclor 1254-exposed porcine granulosa cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114534. [PMID: 32289613 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction and genomic instability are known to affect female fertility. Aroclor 1254 (A1254) is an endocrine disruptor that affects mitochondrial function following ingestion, inhalation, or dermal exposure. Numerous studies to date have addressed associations between A1254 toxicity and chronic neurological disorders, while A1254 exposure is little known to have a toxic effect on the female reproductive system. Furthermore, interactive mechanisms between metabolic dysfunction and the repair of DNA damage deserve further investigation. In this paper, an in vitro porcine primary granulosa cell (GC) culture model was used to investigate the mechanisms of exposure and effects of the exogenous chemical carcinogen A1254 on reproductive toxicology. High-throughput RNA sequencing obtained 2329 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to be analyzed using COG classification, GO, and KEGG. When combined with immunofluorescence, Western blot analysis, and real-time RT-PCR analysis, this data showed that the mitochondrial-ROS-driven feed-forward loop increased phospho-PDGFRα/β, which stimulates apoptosis by suppressing the PI3K-Akt pathway. We also noticed that inhibition of the Akt-PDP1-PDK1 axis attenuated mitochondrial function. In contrast, following iPath analysis, partial metabolic pathways were enhanced. Importantly, we found that A1254 activated a DNA damage response, the major regulators of which belong to the PI3K-related protein kinases (PIKKs) and oncogenes, which led to the "Warburg effect". It is not easy to restore the damage that A1254 causes to metabolism through dysregulation and the Warburg effect, owing to the fact that oncogenes can regulate cytoplasmic metabolism. Therefore, we suspect that the PDGFR-PI3K-Akt pathway may be a latent interaction between mitochondrial dysfunction and the response of DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in the Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Minghui Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in the Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in the Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in the Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shen Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in the Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Trojanowicz M. Removal of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from waters and wastewaters by the use of ionizing radiation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 718:134425. [PMID: 31843309 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The most important advantages of the use of ionizing radiation over other AOPs are exceptionally efficient in situ generation of very reactive oxidizing free radicals •OH from water radiolysis and very unique simultaneous generation of strongly reducing hydrated electrons. They allow to carry out Advanced Oxidation and Reduction Processes (AO/RPs) simultaneously. Carrying out only oxidative or reductive processes is also possible by the use of appropriate scavengers of free radicals in irradiated solutions. For the application of these processes for environmental protection purposes gamma-rays from radioisotope sources or beams of accelerated electrons are most commonly used. In the case of particularly resistant POPs some chemical additives to the irradiated solutions may enhance the yield of decomposition. This review based on 125 references reported so far presents the applications of the discussed technology in removing POPs from waters and wastewaters, including pesticides listed among POPs, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and selected perfluorinated surfactants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Trojanowicz
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tomei MC, Mosca Angelucci D, Mascolo G, Kunkel U. Post-aerobic treatment to enhance the removal of conventional and emerging micropollutants in the digestion of waste sludge. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 96:36-46. [PMID: 31376968 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Low content of micropollutants in sewage sludge, essential to allow its safe re-use in agriculture, requires effective removals during the digestion phase. To this purpose, we investigated the performance of the anaerobic-aerobic sequential digestion process applied to real waste sludge in the removal of several classes of standard pollutants, i.e. extractable organic halogens (EOXs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and alkylphenolethoxylates. In addition, emerging pollutants were also investigated based on their widespread occurrence and on their physicochemical characteristics and eco-toxicological relevance: quaternary ammonium compounds, a number of pharmaceuticals and selected biocides. The anaerobic step was conducted at mesophilic conditions, while two operating temperatures were tested for the post-aerobic treatment, i.e. 20 and 37 °C, respectively. Results showed that the post-aerobic digestion step enhanced the removal of all investigated standard and emerging micropollutants, even in presence of high accumulation in the anaerobic digestate (occurred for some PAHs and PCB congeners). Increased removals (up to 30%) have been generally observed at 37 °C aerobic temperature in comparison with tests at T = 20 °C for all investigated organic micropollutants, with the only exception of halogenated compounds (i.e. EOXs and PCBs). Low biodegradability and high bioaccumulation of the investigated pollutants were successfully faced by the sequential process, which has been demonstrated as an effective alternative solution to produce digested sludge for safe agricultural re-use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Concetta Tomei
- Water Research Institute, C.N.R., Via Salaria km 29.300, CP 10, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione (Rome), Italy.
| | - Domenica Mosca Angelucci
- Water Research Institute, C.N.R., Via Salaria km 29.300, CP 10, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione (Rome), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mascolo
- Water Research Institute, C.N.R., Via de Blasio 5, 70132 Bari (BA), Italy
| | - Uwe Kunkel
- Bavarian Environment Agency, Bürgermeister-Ulrich-Str. 160, 86179 Augsburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|