1
|
Broers HP, Kivits T, Sültenfuß J, Ten Harkel M, van Vliet M. Mobility and persistence of pesticides and emerging contaminants in age-dated and redox-classified groundwater under a range of land use types. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 954:176344. [PMID: 39304139 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Understanding groundwater contamination patterns is hampered by the heterogeneous groundwater age and redox status over the depth range typically sampled for identifying pesticides and emerging contaminants threats. This study explores depth patterns of groundwater age and redox status across various land use types, unraveling spatial and temporal trends of pesticides and emerging contaminants using data from groundwater quality monitoring in the south of the Netherlands. The Netherlands is an ideal testing ground due to its high population density and widespread groundwater contamination from multiple sources. 146 multi-level observation wells were age-dated using 3H/3He, and contaminant concentrations were analyzed based on recharge year, land use type, and redox conditions, mitigating uncertainties from spatial and depth-dependent variations in both groundwater age and redox status. Redox-recharge year diagrams were developed to visually evaluate contaminant patterns in relation to these factors and to assess concentration patterns in relation to contamination history. Most detections of pesticides, metabolites, and emerging contaminants occurred in the youngest recharge periods (2000-2010 and 2010-2020) and in agricultural areas. However, certain contaminants, including BAM, desphenyl-chloridazon, short-chain PFCAs, PFOA, and EDTA, were consistently found in older water and Fe- or SO4-reduced conditions, indicating their mobility and persistence in the regional groundwater system. Comparing the presence of contaminants in specific redox classes and recharge periods with known application or leaching history provides insights into retardation (e.g., PFOS) and degradation (e.g., 2-hydroxy-atrazine, benzotriazole), explaining lower detection frequencies in earlier recharge periods. Identifying recharge years from age-dated groundwater helps relate contaminants to farmland application or river water recharge periods, revealing leaching history and contamination origins. The presented framework has the potential to enhance the interpretation of large groundwater datasets from dedicated, short-screened observation wells, such as those from the Danish GRUMO network, the Dutch monitoring networks, and parts of the US National Water Quality Program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Peter Broers
- TNO Geological Survey of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 80015, 3508 TA Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Tano Kivits
- TNO Geological Survey of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 80015, 3508 TA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Sültenfuß
- Universität Bremen, Institute of Environmental Physics, Department of Oceanography, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Mariëlle van Vliet
- TNO Geological Survey of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 80015, 3508 TA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Santhappan JS, Kalaiselvan N, Assis SM, Amjith LR, Glivin G, Mathimani T. Origin, types, and contribution of emerging pollutants to environmental degradation and their remediation by physical and chemical techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 257:119369. [PMID: 38848998 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The growing presence of emerging pollutants (EPs) in aquatic environments, as well as their harmful impacts on the biosphere and humans, has become a global concern. Recent developments and advancements in pharmaceuticals, agricultural practices, industrial activities, and human personal care substances have paved the way for drastic changes in EP concentrations and impacts on the ecosystem. As a result, it is critical to mitigate EP's harmful effects before they jeopardize the ecological equilibrium of the overall ecosystem and the sustainable existence of life on Earth. This review comprehensively documented the types, origins, and remediation strategies of EPs, and underscored the significance of this study in the current context. We briefly stated the major classification of EPs based on their organic and inorganic nature. Furthermore, this review systematically evaluates the occurrence of EPs due to the fast-changing ecological scenarios and their impact on human health. Recent studies have critically discussed the emerging physical and chemical processes for EP removal, highlighting the limitations of conventional remediation technologies. We reviewed and presented the challenges associated with EP remediation and degradation using several methods, including physical and chemical methods, with the application of recent technologies. The EP types and various methods discussed in this review help the researchers understand the nature of present-day EPs and utilize an efficient method of choice for EP removal and management in the future for sustainable life and development activities on the planet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Sekhar Santhappan
- College of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Musandam, Oman
| | - Narasimman Kalaiselvan
- Technology Information Forecasting and Assessment Council (TIFAC), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shan M Assis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Musaliar College of Engineering and Technology, Pathanamthitta, Kerala, 689653, India
| | - L R Amjith
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Marian Engineering College, Kazhakuttom, Thiruvananthapuram, 695582, Kerala, India
| | - Godwin Glivin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sree Chitra Thirunal College of Engineering, Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695018, India
| | - Thangavel Mathimani
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thapa BS, Pandit S, Mishra RK, Joshi S, Idris AM, Tusher TR. Emergence of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and advances in the remediation strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170142. [PMID: 38242458 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
A group of fluorinated organic molecules known as per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been commonly produced and circulated in the environment. PFAS, owing to multiple strong CF bonds, exhibit exceptional stability and possess a high level of resistance against biological or chemical degradation. Recently, PFAS have been identified to cause numerous hazardous effects on the biotic ecosystem. As a result, extensive efforts have been made in recent years to develop effective methods to remove PFAS. Adsorption, filtration, heat treatment, chemical oxidation/reduction, and soil washing are a few of the physicochemical techniques that have shown their ability to remove PFAS from contaminated matrixes. However these methods also carry significant drawbacks, including the fact that they are expensive, energy-intensive, unsuitable for in-situ treatment, and requirement to be carried under dormant conditions. The metabolic products released upon PFAS degradation are largely unknown, despite the fact that thermal disintegration methods are widely used. In contrast to physical and chemical methods, biological degradation of PFAS has been regarded as efficient method. However, PFAS are difficult to instantly and completely metabolize through biological methods due to the limitations of biocatalytic mechanisms. Nevertheless, cost, easy-to-operate and environmentally safe are some of the advantages over its counterpart. The present review comprehensively discusses the occurrence of PFAS, the state-of-the science of remediation technologies and approaches applied, and the remediation challenges. The article also focuses on the future research directions toward the development of effective methods for PFAS-contaminated site in-situ treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhim Sen Thapa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Soumya Pandit
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, UP, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Mishra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, UP, India
| | - Sanket Joshi
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Rajasthan, Kant Kalwar, NH 11C, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303002, India
| | - Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanmoy Roy Tusher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA; Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Masinga P, Simbanegavi TT, Makuvara Z, Marumure J, Chaukura N, Gwenzi W. Emerging organic contaminants in the soil-plant-receptor continuum: transport, fate, health risks, and removal mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:367. [PMID: 38488937 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
There is a lack of comprehensive reviews tracking emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) within the soil-plant continuum using the source-pathway-receptor-impact-mitigation (SPRIM) framework. Therefore, this review examines existing literature to gain insights into the occurrence, behaviour, fate, health hazards, and strategies for mitigating EOCs within the soil-plant system. EOCs identified in the soil-plant system encompass endocrine-disrupting chemicals, surfactants, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, plasticizers, gasoline additives, flame retardants, and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Sources of EOCs in the soil-plant system include the land application of biosolids, wastewater, and solid wastes rich in EOCs. However, less-studied sources encompass plastics and atmospheric deposition. EOCs are transported from their sources to the soil-plant system and other receptors through human activities, wind-driven processes, and hydrological pathways. The behaviour, persistence, and fate of EOCs within the soil-plant system are discussed, including sorption, degradation, phase partitioning, (bio)transformation, biouptake, translocation, and bioaccumulation in plants. Factors governing the behaviour, persistence, and fate of EOCs in the soil-plant system include pH, redox potential, texture, temperature, and soil organic matter content. The review also discusses the environmental receptors of EOCs, including their exchange with other environmental compartments (aquatic and atmospheric), and interactions with soil organisms. The ecological health risks, human exposure via inhalation of particulate matter and consumption of contaminated food, and hazards associated with various EOCs in the soil-plant system are discussed. Various mitigation measures including removal technologies of EOCs in the soil are discussed. Finally, future research directions are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Privilege Masinga
- Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Environment, and Food Systems, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, P. O. Box MP 167, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Tinoziva T Simbanegavi
- Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Environment, and Food Systems, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, P. O. Box MP 167, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Zakio Makuvara
- Department of Physics, Geography and Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jerikias Marumure
- Department of Physics, Geography and Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nhamo Chaukura
- Department of Physical and Earth Sciences, Sol Plaatje University, Kimberley, 8301, South Africa
| | - Willis Gwenzi
- Biosystems and Engineering Research Group, 380 New Adylin, Marlborough, Harare, Zimbabwe.
- Biosystems and Environmental Engineering Research Group, 380 New Adylin, Marlborough, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chebii F, K'oreje K, Okoth M, Lutta S, Masime P, Demeestere K. Occurrence and environmental risks of contaminants of emerging concern across the River Athi Basin, Kenya, in dry and wet seasons. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169696. [PMID: 38160815 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Globally, the environmental occurrence of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) including pharmaceuticals (PhACs), personal care products (PCPs) and modern polar pesticides has raised ecological and human health awareness. However, as the developed world races against time to establish regulatory measures to mitigate their effects, developing nations including Kenya are lagging behind, partly due to unavailability of adequate data. In this work, a multi-residue analysis of 86 CECs was carried out on 198 surface water and 18 effluent samples collected at 24 sites across the River Athi basin area, Kenya, in both dry and rainy seasons. Overall, 57 CECs comprising 31 PhACs (0.4 ng L-1-142 μg L-1), 6 PCPs (0.7-570 ng L-1) and 20 pesticides (0.3 ng L-1-8.3 μg L-1) were detected. The maximum loads varied from 217 g day-1 (PCPs) to 46 kg day-1 (PhACs). Individually, carbamazepine, nevirapine, sulfamethoxazole and DEET were the most ubiquitous CECs, with detection frequencies (DF) higher than 80 %. The highest concentrations were observed at river sites that are heavily impacted by informal settlements, highlighting the critical role of slums in urban rivers pollution. At least 8 CECs including acetamiprid, alachlor, atrazine, diuron, nevirapine and paracetamol show potential risk to algae, Daphnia magna and fish, as exemplified by Risk Quotients (RQ) up to 174. Similarly, potential risk of antibiotic resistant bacteria development is evident (RQ up to 64), being driven by metronidazole, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. Ultimately, further studies on the occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistant bacteria within the basin and among the communities consuming untreated river water for drinking is merited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faith Chebii
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Kenneth K'oreje
- Water Resources Management Authority, P.O. Box 45250, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Maurice Okoth
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Samuel Lutta
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Philip Masime
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Race AS, Spoelstra J, Parker BL. Wastewater contaminants in a fractured bedrock aquifer and their potential use as enteric virus indicators. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0121323. [PMID: 38231263 PMCID: PMC10880619 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01213-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Domestic wastewater is a source of persistent organic pollutants and pathogens to the aquatic environment, including groundwater aquifers. Wastewater contaminants include a variety of personal care products, pharmaceuticals, endocrine disrupters, bacteria, and viruses. Groundwater from 22 wells completed in a semi-confined to confined, fractured Silurian dolostone aquifer in southern Wellington County, Ontario, Canada, was analyzed for 14 organic wastewater contaminants (4 artificial sweeteners, 10 pharmaceuticals) as well as E. coli, total coliforms, and 6 human enteric viruses. Enteric viruses were detected in 8.6% of 116 samples, and at least one organic wastewater contaminant was detected in 82% of the wells (in order of decreasing detection frequency: acesulfame, ibuprofen, sulfamethoxazole, triclosan, carbamazepine, and saccharin). Virus indicator metrics [positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV), sensitivity, specificity] were calculated at the sample and well level for the organic wastewater compounds, E. coli, and total coliforms. Fecal bacteria were not good predictors of virus presence (PPV = 0%-8%). Of the potential chemical indicators, triclosan performed the best at the sample level (PPV = 50%, NPV = 100%), and ibuprofen performed the best at the well level (PPV = 60%, NPV = 67%); however, no samples had triclosan or ibuprofen concentrations above their practical quantification limits. Therefore, none of the compounds performed sufficiently well to be considered reliable for assessing the potential threat of enteric viruses in wastewater-impacted groundwater in this bedrock aquifer. Future studies need to evaluate the indicator potential of persistent organic wastewater contaminants in different types of aquifers, especially in fractured rock where heterogeneity is strong.IMPORTANCEAssessing the potential risk that human enteric viruses pose in groundwater aquifers used for potable water supply is complicated by several factors, including: (i) labor-intensive methods for the isolation and quantification of viruses in groundwater, (ii) the temporal variability of these viruses in domestic wastewater, and (iii) their potentially rapid transport in the subsurface, especially in fractured rock aquifers. Therefore, aquifer risk assessment would benefit from the identification of suitable proxy indicators of enteric viruses that are easier to analyze and less variable in wastewater sources. Traditional fecal indicators (e.g., E. coli and coliforms) are generally poor indicators of enteric viruses in groundwater. While many studies have examined the use of pharmaceutical and personal care products as tracers of domestic wastewater and fecal pollution in the environment, there is a paucity of data on the potential use of these chemical tracers as enteric virus indicators, especially in groundwater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy S. Race
- Morwick G360 Groundwater Research Institute, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Now with: Tesla, Spring Creek, Nevada, USA
| | - John Spoelstra
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Beth L. Parker
- Morwick G360 Groundwater Research Institute, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen M, Niu Z, Zhang X, Zhang Y. Pollution characteristics and health risk of sixty-five organics in one drinking water system: PAEs should be prioritized for control. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141171. [PMID: 38211786 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Currently, a large number of emerging organic contaminants have been detected in domestic and international drinking water systems. However, there are differences among the research methods, which lead to system errors in directly comparing the hazards of different contaminants, so it is difficult to analyze the priority control pollutants and the risk control target in drinking water from previous studies. Therefore, we selected a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) in the east of China, and detected trihalomethanes (THMs), antibiotics, phthalate esters (PAEs), organophosphate esters (OPEs), per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), a total of sixty-five organic contaminants in one batch water sample of four seasons, and carried out the whole process monitoring of "Source water-DWTP-Network-Users", and calculated the health risks of contaminants in tap water. The results showed that DWTP could effectively remove antibiotics and PAEs; the removal rate of coagulation for antibiotics can be up to 47%; the release of PAEs in the plastic water supply pipe leads to a significant increase of the concentrations in the water transportation system, which can reach 2.92 times of that in finished water; compared with other contaminants, THMs and PAEs in tap water have higher health risks. This study reveals that THMs and PAEs are priority control organic pollutants, and the water supply network is the key risk control target in the drinking water system, providing a theoretical basis for how to ensure the safety of drinking water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zhiguang Niu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China; The International Joint Institute of Tianjin University, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Llamas MI, Fernández-Valenzuela PJ, Vadillo I, Sanmiguel-Martí M, Rambla-Nebot J, Aranda-Mares JL, Jiménez-Gavilán P. Study of the presence and environmental risk of organic contaminants policed by the European Union and other organic compounds in the water resources of a region overlapping protected areas: The Guadiaro River basin (southern Spain). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118903. [PMID: 37688965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The study presented here is a first qualitative assessment of the occurrence of organic contaminants contemplated and not yet contemplated in European Union environmental legislation in water resources in the little anthropized Guadiaro River basin (70% of its area is covered by natural vegetation), in southern Spain. Water samples were collected from four carbonate aquifers, two detrital aquifers and four surface water courses and were analyzed for (i) 171 organic contaminants, (ii) major ions and (iii) stable isotopes (δ18OH2O, δ2HH2O, δ13CDIC). An environmental risk assessment was conducted through calculation of risk quotients comparing measured concentrations with ecotoxicological data found in the literature. Twenty-five organic contaminants were detected, at least once, including pesticides, pharmaceuticals, drugs of abuse and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Cocaine and its main metabolite were detected in 85% and 95% of water samples, respectively (0.001-0.18 μg/L and 0.004-0.6 μg/L, respectively). Pyrene (PAH) was found in all water samples (0.001-0.015 μg/L) and forest fires were pointed out as a potential diffuse source. Relationship between rivers and aquifers is reflected by the distribution of organic contaminants, essentially the drugs of abuse. Concentration of contaminants were generally higher in groundwater samples, especially from detrital aquifers, potentially due to an accumulation process promoted by irrigation-return flows and by its slow dynamic compared to that of karstic systems. Pyrene concentration was also higher in some springs from karstic aquifers. Hence, calculated risk quotients were in general higher in groundwater, meaning that the threat to surface aquatic systems can grow as aquifers increase their influence on the water courses as the dry season progresses. The relationship between δ13CDIC and most organic contaminants (especially pyrene) reveal the role of the soil as storage media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M I Llamas
- Group of Hydrogeology, Department of Ecology and Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | - P J Fernández-Valenzuela
- Group of Hydrogeology, Department of Ecology and Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | - I Vadillo
- Group of Hydrogeology, Department of Ecology and Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | | | | | | | - P Jiménez-Gavilán
- Group of Hydrogeology, Department of Ecology and Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mahlangu OT, Motsa MM, Hai FI, Mamba BB. Role of Membrane-Solute Affinity Interactions in Carbamazepine Rejection and Resistance to Organic Fouling by Nano-Engineered UF/PES Membranes. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:744. [PMID: 37623805 PMCID: PMC10456577 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13080744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were modified with GO, Ag, ZnO, Ag-GO and ZnO-GO nanoparticles to improve carbamazepine removal and fouling prevention by making membrane surfaces more hydrophilic. The fabricated membranes were characterized for surface and cross-sectional morphology, surface roughness and zeta potential, as well as hydrophilicity, functional groups, surface tension parameters and water permeability Thereafter, the membranes were evaluated for their efficiency in removing MgSO4 and carbamazepine as well as antifouling properties. To understand the role of affinity interactions in rejection and fouling, membrane-solute adhesion energies (∆Gslm) were quantified based on the Lifshitz-van der Waals/acid-base method. Unlike previous studies, which have generalized fouling prevention to be due to improvements in hydrophilicity upon adding nanoparticles, this work further explored the role of surface tension components on rejection and fouling prevention. The addition of nanoparticles improved membrane hydrophilicity (77-62°), water permeability (11.9-17.7 Lm-2 h-1 bar-1), mechanical strength (3.46-4.11 N/mm2), carbamazepine rejection (30-85%) and fouling prevention (60-23% flux decline). Rejection and antifouling properties increased as ∆Gslm became more repulsive (i.e., less negative). Membrane modification reduced irreversible fouling, and the fouled membranes were cleaned by flushing with water. Fouling related more to membrane electron donor components (γ-), while the roles of electron acceptor (γ+) and Lifshitz-van der Waals components (γLW) were less important. This work provides more insights into the role of affinity interactions in rejection and fouling and how rejection and fouling mechanisms change with nanoparticle addition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oranso Themba Mahlangu
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Engineering, Science and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Roodepoort 1709, South Africa; (M.M.M.); (B.B.M.)
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
| | - Mxolisi Machawe Motsa
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Engineering, Science and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Roodepoort 1709, South Africa; (M.M.M.); (B.B.M.)
| | - Faisal Ibney Hai
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
| | - Bhekie Brilliance Mamba
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Engineering, Science and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Roodepoort 1709, South Africa; (M.M.M.); (B.B.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pinasseau L, Mermillod-Blondin F, Fildier A, Fourel F, Vallier F, Guillard L, Wiest L, Volatier L. Determination of groundwater origins and vulnerability based on multi-tracer investigations: New contributions from passive sampling and suspect screening approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162750. [PMID: 36907410 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about groundwater origins and their interactions with surface water is fundamental to assess their vulnerability. In this context, hydrochemical and isotopic tracers are useful tools to investigate water origins and mixing. More recent studies examined the relevance of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) as co-tracers to distinguish sources contributing to groundwater bodies. However, these studies focused on known and targeted CECs a priori selected regarding their origin and/or concentrations. This study aimed to improve these multi-tracer approaches using passive sampling and qualitative suspect screening by exploring a larger variety of historical and emerging concern contaminants in combination with hydrochemistry and water molecule isotopes. With this objective, an in-situ study was conducted in a drinking water catchment area located in an alluvial aquifer recharged by several water sources (both surface and groundwater sources). CECs determined by passive sampling and suspect screening allowed to provide in-depth chemical fingerprints of groundwater bodies by enabling the investigation of >2500 compounds with an increased analytical sensitivity. Obtained cocktails of CECs were discriminating enough to be used as chemical tracer in combination with hydrochemical and isotopic tracers. In addition, the occurrence and type of CECs contributed to a better understanding of groundwater-surface water interactions and highlighted short-time hydrological processes. Furthermore, the use of passive sampling with suspect screening analysis of CECs lead to a more realistic assessment and mapping of groundwater vulnerability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Pinasseau
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), 6 Rue Raphaël Dubois, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Florian Mermillod-Blondin
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), 6 Rue Raphaël Dubois, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Aurélie Fildier
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 Rue de la Doua, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - François Fourel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), 6 Rue Raphaël Dubois, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Félix Vallier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), 6 Rue Raphaël Dubois, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ludovic Guillard
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), 6 Rue Raphaël Dubois, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laure Wiest
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 Rue de la Doua, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurence Volatier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), 6 Rue Raphaël Dubois, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Collard M, Camenzuli L, Lyon D, Saunders D, Vallotton N, Curtis-Jackson P. Persistence and Mobility (defined as organic‑carbon partitioning) do not correlate to the detection of substances found in surface and groundwater: Criticism of the regulatory concept of Persistent and mobile substances. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161228. [PMID: 36586701 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Chemical Strategy for Sustainability (CSS) includes actions to ensure the protection of drinking water resources from chemical pollution. To proactively identify potential pollutants, the German Environment Agency (UBA) proposed the Persistent and Mobile (PM) concept according to which Persistence (criteria of REACH Annex XIII) and Mobility (log Koc < 4) would be proxies for a substance's degradation potential and transport velocity, two processes believed to drive the potential for contamination of surface and groundwater as drinking water sources. Two studies identified hundreds of PM substances while three subsequent studies have selected some of these substances for monitoring in surface, ground- and/or drinking water to support the concept. In the present work, the Persistence of the aforementioned substances was reassessed based on all experimental data publicly available. Depending on the exact study examined, it was found that 15 % to 40 % of the substances were erroneously concluded as P. The reinterpretation of the data indicates that a PM substance does not have a higher likelihood to be detected in surface or groundwater than a non-PM substance. In addition, the PM properties do not have any influence on the level of contamination. Twenty-six to 75 % of the substances selected because they were identified as PM were not found in surface or ground water despite being selected for their high emission pattern. Regulations based primarily on the PM concept, like the CLP and possibly REACH and UN-GHS, are unlikely to appropriately identify substances of concern for drinking water sources. It is more likely that chemical presence in surface and groundwater is driven by emission patterns or local factors. The development of specific exposure models would better contribute to the protection of drinking water resources and consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Delina Lyon
- Concawe, Boulevard du Souverain 165, B-1160 Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pujades E, Jurado A, Scheiber L, Teixidó M, Criollo Manjarrez RA, Vázquez-Suñé E, Vilarrasa V. Potential of low-enthalpy geothermal energy to degrade organic contaminants of emerging concern in urban groundwater. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2642. [PMID: 36788298 PMCID: PMC9929318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-enthalpy geothermal energy (LEGE) is a carbon-free and renewable source to provide cooling and heating to infrastructures (e.g. buildings) by exchanging their temperature with that of the ground. The exchange of temperature modifies the groundwater temperature around LEGE installations, which may contribute to enhancing the capacity of aquifers to degrade organic contaminants of emerging concern (OCECs), whose presence is significantly increasing in urban aquifers. Here, we investigate the impact of LEGE on OCECs and their bioremediation potential through numerical modelling of synthetic and real-based cases. Simulation results demonstrate that: (i) LEGE facilities have the potential to noticeably modify the concentrations of OCECs; and (ii) the final impact depends on the design of the facility. This study suggests that optimized LEGE facility designs could contribute to the degradation of OCECs present in urban aquifers, thus improving groundwater quality and increasing its availability in urban areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estanislao Pujades
- Department of Geosciences, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Severo Ochoa Excellence Center of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Jurado
- grid.420247.70000 0004 1762 9198Department of Geosciences, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Severo Ochoa Excellence Center of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18–26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Scheiber
- grid.420247.70000 0004 1762 9198Department of Geosciences, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Severo Ochoa Excellence Center of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18–26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Teixidó
- grid.420247.70000 0004 1762 9198Department of Geosciences, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Severo Ochoa Excellence Center of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18–26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rotman A. Criollo Manjarrez
- grid.466857.e0000 0000 8518 7126Global Change Research Group (GCRG), IMEDEA, CSIC-UIB, Miquel Marqués 21, 07190 Esporles, Spain
| | - Enric Vázquez-Suñé
- grid.420247.70000 0004 1762 9198Department of Geosciences, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Severo Ochoa Excellence Center of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18–26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Vilarrasa
- grid.466857.e0000 0000 8518 7126Global Change Research Group (GCRG), IMEDEA, CSIC-UIB, Miquel Marqués 21, 07190 Esporles, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Robinson RFA, Mills GA, Gravell A, Schumacher M, Fones GR. Occurrence of organic pollutants in the River Itchen and River Test-two chalk streams in Southern England, UK. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:17965-17983. [PMID: 36205867 PMCID: PMC9928825 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23476-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The River Itchen and River Test, two chalk streams in Southern England, are sites of special scientific interest. These ecosystems face a number of environmental pressures from anthropogenic inputs of organic pollutants. Hence, we investigated the occurrence of these chemicals within the two catchments. Spot water samples (1 L) were collected at nineteen sites along the catchment on two occasions (March and June 2019). Samples were extracted (HLB-L sorbent disks) and analysed using high-resolution liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Compounds were identified against commercially available databases. Using this approach, we found 115 pharmaceutical and personal care products, 81 plant protection products and 35 industrial chemicals. This complex mixture of pollutants covered a range of physico-chemical properties and included priority substances in the EU Water Framework Directive or currently on the third Watch List. Both rivers had similar chemical profiles for both months. Herbicides and fungicides were dominant in the spring, whereas insecticides occurred more frequently in the summer. Point discharges from wastewater treatment plants were the main source of pharmaceutical and personal care products. Agricultural activities were the main contributor to the presence of plant protection products. The impact of these organic chemicals on the ecology, particularly on macroinvertebrate biodiversity, is unknown and warrants further investigation. Our suspect screening approach could guide future toxicological investigations to assess the environmental impacts of these diverse chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosamund F A Robinson
- School of the Environment, Geography and Geosciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, PO1 3QL, UK
| | - Graham A Mills
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Anthony Gravell
- Natural Resources Wales, Faraday Building, Swansea University, Singleton Campus, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Melanie Schumacher
- Natural Resources Wales, Faraday Building, Swansea University, Singleton Campus, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Gary R Fones
- School of the Environment, Geography and Geosciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, PO1 3QL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Perez ASC, Challis JK, Ji X, Giesy JP, Brinkmann M. Impacts of wastewater effluents and seasonal trends on levels of antipsychotic pharmaceuticals in water and sediments from two cold-region rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158247. [PMID: 36007655 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Most pharmaceuticals are found at trace concentrations in aquatic systems, but their continuous release and potential accumulation can lead to adverse health effects in exposed organisms. Concentrations can vary temporally, driven by variations in discharges of receiving waters, sorption to sediments, and other biotic and abiotic exchange processes. The principal aim of this research was to better understand the occurrence, trends, and dynamics of pharmaceuticals in a cold-climate, riverine environment. To this end, a suite of seven representative antipsychotic pharmaceuticals was measured upstream and downstream of two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Saskatchewan, Canada, located in the South Saskatchewan River and Wascana Creek, respectively, across three seasons. Concentrations of analytes were in the ng/L range and generally greater downstream of both WWTPs compared to upstream. Some compounds, including the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline, which was the most abundant analyte in water and sediment from both sites and across seasons, reached low μg/L concentrations. Data collected from this research effort indicate contamination with antipsychotic pharmaceuticals, with the potential to adversely impact exposed organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sharelys Cardenas Perez
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, 117 Science Place Saskatoon, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8, Canada; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Innovation Blvd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada
| | - Jonathan K Challis
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Xiaowen Ji
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, 117 Science Place Saskatoon, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8, Canada; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Innovation Blvd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada; Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA; Department of Zoology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, 426 Auditorium Road East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, 117 Science Place Saskatoon, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8, Canada; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Innovation Blvd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Centre for Hydrology, University of Saskatchewan, 101 - 121 Research Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 1K2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shi B, Li H, Fu X, Zhao C, Li M, Liu M, Yan W, Yang H. Fe Single-Atom Catalyst for Cost-Effective yet Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Fenton Catalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:53767-53776. [PMID: 36409839 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High energy consumption in pyrolyzing precursors for catalyst preparation would limit the application of nitrogen-doped carbon-based single-atom catalysts in actual pollutant remediation. Herein, we report an Fe single atom (7.67 wt %) loaded polyaniline catalyst (Fe-PANI) prepared via a simple impregnation process without pyrolysis. Both experimental characterizations and density functional theory calculations demonstrated that isolated -N═ group sites can fasten Fe atoms through Fe-N coordination in PANI, leading to a high stability of Fe atoms in a heterogeneous Fenton reaction. Highly dispersive yet dense -N═ groups in PANI can be protonated to be adsorption sites, which largely reduce the migration distance between reactive radicals and organics. More significantly, frontier molecular orbitals and spin-density distributions reveal that electrons can transfer from reduction groups of PANI to an Fe(III) site to accelerate its reduction. As a result, a remarkably boosted degradation behavior of organics under near-neutral conditions (pH 6), with low H2O2 concentration, was achieved. This cost-effective Fe-PANI catalyst with high catalytic activity, stability, and adsorption performance has great potential for industrial-level wastewater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bofang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - Hang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - Xiaojie Fu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - Mingtao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - Maochang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - Wei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - Honghui Yang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang Q, Jekel M, Zhang Y, Ruhl AS. A quick test method for predicting the adsorption of organic micropollutants on activated carbon. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119217. [PMID: 36257157 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the contamination of water cycles with organic micropollutants (OMPs) has been targeted in many regions. Adsorption with activated carbon is an effective technology to remove OMPs from different water matrices. To efficiently design or operate the adsorption process, the adsorption of OMPs should be properly assessed, usually with time-consuming batch adsorption tests and sophisticated analyses. In this study, a quick adsorption test method has been developed by loading powdered activated carbon (PAC) into a syringe filter which can be used subsequently to filtrate the water sample in short time (<60 s). Treated wastewater was applied to compare the quick test method and conventional batch test regarding the adsorption of 14 frequently detected OMPs, the abatement of UV254, and changes in fractions of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Similar adsorption patterns of individual OMPs, total OMPs, and DOM fractions was found with two methods. UV254 can predict the removal of total OMPs and most individual OMPs in both methods. Both the abatement of UV254 or the removal of OMPs determined in the quick test led to a highly accurate prediction of OMP adsorption in the conventional adsorption tests. The novel quick test method thus could help operators and researchers quickly monitor the adsorption capacity of PAC products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Martin Jekel
- Technische Universität Berlin, Water Quality Control, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Aki Sebastian Ruhl
- Technische Universität Berlin, Water Quality Control, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany; German Environment Agency (UBA), Schichauweg 58, 12307 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zillien C, Posthuma L, Roex E, Ragas A. The role of the sewer system in estimating urban emissions of chemicals of emerging concern. RE/VIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND BIO/TECHNOLOGY 2022; 21:957-991. [PMID: 36311376 PMCID: PMC9589831 DOI: 10.1007/s11157-022-09638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The use of chemicals by society has resulted in calls for more effective control of their emissions. Many of these chemicals are poorly characterized because of lacking data on their use, environmental fate and toxicity, as well as lacking detection techniques. These compounds are sometimes referred to as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Urban areas are an important source of CECs, where these are typically first collected in sewer systems and then discharged into the environment after being treated in a wastewater treatment plant. A combination of emission estimation techniques and environmental fate models can support the early identification and management of CEC-related environmental problems. However, scientific insight in the processes driving the fate of CECs in sewer systems is limited and scattered. Biotransformation, sorption and ion-trapping can decrease CEC loads, whereas enzymatic deconjugation of conjugated metabolites can increase CEC loads as metabolites are back-transformed into their parent respective compounds. These fate processes need to be considered when estimating CEC emissions. This literature review collates the fragmented knowledge and data on in-sewer fate of CECs to develop practical guidelines for water managers on how to deal with in-sewer fate of CECs and highlights future research needs. It was assessed to what extent empirical data is in-line with text-book knowledge and integrated sewer modelling approaches. Experimental half-lives (n = 277) of 96 organic CECs were collected from literature. The findings of this literature review can be used to support environmental modelling efforts and to optimize monitoring campaigns, including field studies in the context of wastewater-based epidemiology. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11157-022-09638-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Zillien
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Posthuma
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Roex
- Centre for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ad Ragas
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Silori R, Shrivastava V, Singh A, Sharma P, Aouad M, Mahlknecht J, Kumar M. Global groundwater vulnerability for Pharmaceutical and Personal care products (PPCPs): The scenario of second decade of 21st century. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 320:115703. [PMID: 35932733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The global production of PPCPs have increased by multiple folds promoting excessive exposure of its metabolites to humans via different aquatic systems. The higher residence time of toxic precursors of these metabolites pose direct human health risk. Among the different aquatic systems, the contamination of groundwater by PPCPs is the most concerning threat. This threat is especially critical considering the lesser oxidizing potential of the groundwater as compared to freshwater/river water. A major challenge also arises due to excessive dependency of the world's population on groundwater, which is exponentially increasing with time. This makes the identification and characterization of spatial contamination hotspots highly probabilistic as compared to other freshwater systems. The situation is more vulnerable in developing countries where there is a reported inadequacy of wastewater treatment facilities, thereby forcing the groundwater to behave as the only available sequestrating sink for all these contaminants. With increased consumption of antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals compounds, these wastes have proven capability in terms of enhancing the resistance among the biotic community of the soil systems, which ultimately can become catastrophic and carcinogenic in near future. Recent studies are supporting the aforementioned concern where compounds like diclofenac (analgesic) have attained a concentration of 1.3 mgL-1 in the aquifer systems of Delhi, India. The situation is far worse for developed nations where prolonged and indiscriminate usage of antidepressants and antibiotics have life threating consequences. It has been confirmed that certain compounds like ofloxacin (antibiotics) and bis-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate are present in some of the most sensitive wells/springs of the United States and Mexico. The current trend of the situation has been demonstrated by integrating a comparative approach of the published literatures in last three years. This review provides first-hand information report for formulating a directive policy framework for tackling PPCPs issues in the groundwater system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Silori
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Vikalp Shrivastava
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Ashwin Singh
- Discipline of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Pradeep Sharma
- Department of Environmental Science, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Marwan Aouad
- College of Engineering, Applied Science University (ASU), Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Manish Kumar
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Solar photocatalytic degradation of emerging contaminants using NH2-MIL-125 grafted by heterocycles. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
20
|
Larsen FT, McPherson JN, McKenzie CJ, Lauritsen FR. An experimental laboratory reactor for quantitative kinetic studies of disinfection byproduct formation using membrane inlet mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9339. [PMID: 35733413 PMCID: PMC9286867 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The type and quantity of environmentally problematic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) produced during chlorination of water depend on the natural organic matter and organic contaminants that raw water contains, and on the operational conditions of the drinking water treatment process. There is a need for a fast and quantitative method that determines which DBPs are produced and monitors the chemical dynamics during a drinking water treatment. METHODS A small experimental chemical reactor (50 mL) was mounted directly onto the membrane inlet interface of a membrane inlet mass spectrometer (MIMS). In this setup, the membrane was the only separation between the reaction mixture in the chemical reactor and the open ion source of the mass spectrometer 2 cm away. Water samples to be chlorinated were placed in the reactor and the chlorination reaction was initiated by injection of hypochlorite. The formation of intermediates and products was monitored using either full-scan mass spectra or selected ion monitoring of relevant ions. RESULTS An algorithm for analyte quantification was successfully developed for analysis of the complex mixtures of phenol (a model for waterborne organic compounds), chlorinated intermediates and trihalomethane products which simultaneously pass the membrane into the mass spectrometer. The algorithm is based upon the combined use of standard addition and an internal standard, and all analytes could be quantified at nanomolar concentrations corresponding to realistic water treatment conditions. Experiments carried out in the temperature range 15-60°C showed that the reaction dynamics change with operational parameters, for example in tap versus deionized water. CONCLUSIONS We have successfully shown that an experimental laboratory reactor directly interfaced with a MIMS can be used for quantitative monitoring of the chemical dynamics during a water treatment. This technique could provide rapid assistance in the optimization of operating parameters for minimizing DBP production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Freja Troj Larsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdense MDenmark
| | - James Neill McPherson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdense MDenmark
| | - Christine Joy McKenzie
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdense MDenmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Becher J, Englisch C, Griebler C, Bayer P. Groundwater fauna downtown - Drivers, impacts and implications for subsurface ecosystems in urban areas. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2022; 248:104021. [PMID: 35605354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater fauna (stygofauna) comprises organisms that have adapted to the dark subterranean environment over a course of thousands and millions of years, typically having slow metabolisms and long life cycles. They are crucial players in the groundwater of oxygenic aquifers, and contribute to various ecosystem services. Today's knowledge of their sensitivity to anthropogenic impacts is incomplete and a critical analysis of the general relevance of local findings is lacking. In this review, we focus on those areas with the highest interference between humans and stygofauna: cities. Here is where local pollution by various contaminants and heat strongly stresses the unique groundwater ecosystems. It is demonstrated that it is difficult to discern the influence of individual factors from the findings reported in field studies, and to extrapolate laboratory results to field conditions. The effects of temperature increase and chemical pollution vary strongly between tested species and test conditions. In general, previous findings indicate that heating, especially in the long-term, will increase mortality, and less adapted species are at risk of vanishing from their habitats. The same may be true for salinity caused by road de-icing in cold urban areas. Furthermore, high sensitivities were shown for ammonium, which will probably be even more pronounced with rising temperatures resulting in altered biodiversity patterns. Toxicity of heavy metals, for a variety of invertebrates, increases with time and chronic exposure. Our current knowledge reveals diverse potential impacts on groundwater fauna by urban pollution, but our insights gained so far can only be validated by standardized and long-term test concepts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Becher
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Geosciences and Geography, Department of Applied Geology, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 3, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Constanze Englisch
- University of Vienna, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Division of Limnology, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Griebler
- University of Vienna, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Division of Limnology, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Bayer
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Geosciences and Geography, Department of Applied Geology, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lapworth DJ, Boving TB, Kreamer DK, Kebede S, Smedley PL. Groundwater quality: Global threats, opportunities and realising the potential of groundwater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 811:152471. [PMID: 34915019 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is a critical resource enabling adaptation due to land use change, population growth, environmental degradation, and climate change. It can be a driver of change and adaptation, as well as effectively mitigate impacts brought about by a range of human activities. Groundwater quality is key to assessing groundwater resources and we need to improve our understanding and coverage of groundwater quality threats if we are to use groundwater sustainably to not further burden future generations by limiting resources and/or increasing treatment or abstraction costs. Good groundwater quality is key to progress on a range of Sustainable Development Goals, but achievement of those goals most affected by groundwater contamination is often hindered by of a lack of resources to enable adaptation. A range of threats to groundwater quality exist, both natural and anthropogenic, which may constrain groundwater use. However, groundwater often provides good quality water for a range of purposes and is the most important water resource in many settings. This special issue explores some of the key groundwater quality challenges we face today as well as the opportunities good groundwater quality and treatment solutions bring to enhance safe groundwater use. Legacy anthropogenic contaminants and geogenic contaminants may be well documented in certain places, such as N America, Europe and parts of Asia. However, there is a real issue of data accessibility in some regions, even for more common contaminants. This paucity of information can restrict our understanding and ability to manage and protect groundwater sources. Compared to surface water quality, large scale assessments for groundwater quality are still scarce and often rely on inadequate data sets. Better access to existing data sets and more research is needed on many groundwater quality threats. Identification and quantification of these threats will support the wise use and protection of this subsurface resource, allow society to adequately address future challenges, and help communities realise the full potential of groundwater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J Lapworth
- British Geological Survey, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK.
| | - T B Boving
- Department of Geosciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - D K Kreamer
- Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - S Kebede
- Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - P L Smedley
- British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottinghamshire NG12 5GG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Khan HK, Rehman MYA, Junaid M, Lv M, Yue L, Haq IU, Xu N, Malik RN. Occurrence, source apportionment and potential risks of selected PPCPs in groundwater used as a source of drinking water from key urban-rural settings of Pakistan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:151010. [PMID: 34662624 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are emerging contaminants that have been extensively used in present time to improve the living standards. Their persistence in water resources due to various anthropogenic sources such as wastewater treatment plants, pharmaceutical industries, and runoff from agricultural and livestock farms has not only threaten aquatic life but their occurrence in groundwater has also raised concerns related to humans' wellbeing. METHODS Considering this as a neglected area of research in Pakistan, a systematic monitoring study was designed to investigate their occurrence, sources, and potential environmental and human health risks in groundwater from urban-rural areas of six cities. Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was used to analyze the collected samples preceded by solid-phase extraction. RESULTS Overall, 8 out of 11 selected PPCPs were detected in groundwater samples with detection frequency ranging from 5.5-65%. Their concentrations ranged from below limit of detection (<LOD) to 1961 ng/L. The overall mean concentrations of detected PPCPs were found below 100 ng/L. The highest mean concentration was reported for Ibuprofen (154 ng/L) in Rawalpindi/Islamabad. Results of PCA-MLR revealed that domestic wastewater discharge (76.4%) was the dominant source contributing to PPCPs contamination in groundwater. Followed by mixed source (pharmaceutical & hospital waste) 17.8%, and rural discharge/animal husbandry 5.8%. No appreciable risk to human health upon exposure to detected PPCPs via drinking water was anticipated. However, environmental risk assessment indicated moderate risk posed to P. subcapitata (RQ = 0.98) and D. magna (RQ = 0.2) by ibuprofen. CONCLUSION The current study reports the first evidence of PPCPs occurrence in groundwater in Pakistan. Reporting their occurrence in groundwater is a fundamental initial step to inform public-health decisions concerning sewage systems and drinking water quality. Hence, comprehensive monitoring programs are required to further investigate contamination of emerging contaminants in groundwater and their associated risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hudda Khaleeq Khan
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yasir Abdur Rehman
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ming Lv
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Linxia Yue
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ihsan-Ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Nan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Loc TT, Dat ND, Tran HN. Nano-sized hematite-assembled carbon spheres for effectively adsorbing paracetamol in water: Important role of iron. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2022; 40:1-10. [PMID: 35095157 PMCID: PMC8786625 DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-1013-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study developed a new α-Fe2O3 (hematite) nanoparticles-loaded spherical biochar (H-SB) through the direct pyrolysis of glucose-derived spherical hydrochar and FeCl3. The optimal impregnation ratio (hydrochar and FeCl3) was 1/1.25 (wt/wt). H-SB was applied to remove paracetamol (PRC) from water. Results indicated that H-SB exhibited a relatively low surface area (127 m2/g) and total pore volume (0.089 cm3/g). The presence of iron particles in its surface was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy. The dominant form of iron nanoparticles (α-Fe2O3) in its surface was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction and Raman spectrum. The crystallite size of α-Fe2O3 in H-SB was 27.4 nm. The saturation magnetization of H-SB was 6.729 cmu/g. The analysis of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that the C-O and O-H groups were mainly responsible for loading α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in its surface. The adsorption study indicated the amount of PRC adsorbed by H-SB slightly decreased within solution pH from 2 to 11. The adsorption reached a fast saturation after 120 min. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of H-SB was 49.9 mg/g at 25 °C and pH 7.0. Ion-dipole interaction and π-π interaction played an important role in adsorption mechanisms, while hydrogen bonding and pore filling were minor. Therefore, H-SB can serve as a promising material for treating PRC-contaminated water streams. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s11814-021-1013-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ton That Loc
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000 Vietnam
- Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000 Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Duy Dat
- Faculty of Chemical & Food Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000 Vietnam
| | - Hai Nguyen Tran
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000 Vietnam
- Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000 Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
López-Vinent N, Cruz-Alcalde A, Lai C, Giménez J, Esplugas S, Sans C. Role of sunlight and oxygen on the performance of photo-Fenton process at near neutral pH using organic fertilizers as iron chelates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:149873. [PMID: 34525738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, reaction mechanisms of photo-Fenton process with chelated iron are not yet clearly defined. In this study, five organic fertilizers were used as iron complexes to investigate the role of sunlight and oxygen in photo-Fenton at near neutral pH. UV absorbance and stability constant of each selected iron chelate is different, and this work demonstrates that these parameters affect the reaction mechanisms in SMX degradation. Irradiation experiments without H2O2 revealed that only EDDS-Fe and DTPA-Fe achieved SMX degradation, but different iron release. These results, together with soluble oxygen free experiments, allowed the proposal of complementary reaction mechanisms to those of the classical photo-Fenton. The proposed mechanisms start through the potential photoexcitation of the iron complex, followed by subsequent oxygen-mediated hydroxyl radical generation reactions that are different for EDDS-Fe and DTPA-Fe. Moreover, irradiation experiments using EDTA-Fe and HEDTA-Fe had negligible SMX degradation despite iron release was observed, evidencing the differences between iron chelates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Núria López-Vinent
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alberto Cruz-Alcalde
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research - Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime Giménez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Esplugas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Sans
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Affiliation(s)
- Susan D Richardson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29205, United States
| | - Thomas A Ternes
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, Koblenz 56068, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Balsamo SA, Fiorenza R, Condorelli M, Pecoraro R, Brundo MV, Lo Presti F, Sciré S. One-Pot Synthesis of TiO 2-rGO Photocatalysts for the Degradation of Groundwater Pollutants. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14205938. [PMID: 34683530 PMCID: PMC8539955 DOI: 10.3390/ma14205938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A non-conventional approach to prepare titanium dioxide-reduced graphene oxide (TiO2-rGO) nanocomposites based on solar photoreduction is here presented. The standard hydro-solvothermal synthesis of the TiO2-rGO composites requires high temperatures and several steps, whereas the proposed one-pot preparation allows one to obtain the photocatalysts with a simple and green procedure, by exploiting the photocatalytic properties of titania activated by the solar irradiation. The TiO2-rGO catalysts were tested in the solar photodegradation of a widely adopted toxic herbicide (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-D), obtaining the 97% of degradation after 3 h of irradiation. The as-prepared TiO2-rGO composites were more active compared to the same photocatalysts prepared through the conventional thermal route. The structural, optical, and textural properties of the composites, determined by Raman, Photoluminescence, Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR), UV-vis diffuse reflectance (DRS) spectroscopies, and N2 absorption-desorption measurements, showed as the solar irradiation favors the reduction of graphene oxide with higher efficiency compared to the thermal-driven synthesis. Furthermore, the possible toxicity of the as-synthesized composites was measured exposing nauplii of microcrustacean Artemia sp. to solutions containing TiO2-rGO. The good results in the 2,4-D degradation process and the easiness of the TiO2-rGO synthesis allow to consider the proposed approach a promising strategy to obtain performing photocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Andrea Balsamo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.A.B.); (M.C.); (F.L.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Roberto Fiorenza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.A.B.); (M.C.); (F.L.P.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-738-5012
| | - Marcello Condorelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.A.B.); (M.C.); (F.L.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Roberta Pecoraro
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy; (R.P.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Maria Violetta Brundo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy; (R.P.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Francesca Lo Presti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.A.B.); (M.C.); (F.L.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Salvatore Sciré
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.A.B.); (M.C.); (F.L.P.); (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Llamas-Dios MI, Vadillo I, Jiménez-Gavilán P, Candela L, Corada-Fernández C. Assessment of a wide array of contaminants of emerging concern in a Mediterranean water basin (Guadalhorce river, Spain): Motivations for an improvement of water management and pollutants surveillance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147822. [PMID: 34034190 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the occurrence and distribution of 185 organic contaminants (regulated pollutants and contaminants of emerging concern; CECs) in surface and groundwater of the Guadalhorce River basin (southern Spain) providing the most detailed dataset regarding organic pollution presented so far in this area. Up to 63 contaminants were detected in a monitoring campaign conducted in March 2016. Most contaminants were detected more frequently in surface water where they generally present higher concentrations suggesting the prevalence of wastewater discharges into streams as the main pollutant sources. In general, hydrophobic CECs presented the highest frequencies of detection and concentrations, which can be a consequence of several factors: (1) hydrophobic compounds show a higher retardation factor, which result, along with a continuous contaminant input, in a widespread and homogeneous distribution. In contrast, hydrophilic contaminants are more easily transported by water flows towards the lower basin and potentially accumulate as driven by groundwater flow and because of low renewal rates in the detrital aquifers caused by re-pumping and irrigation return flows in agricultural lands; (2) hydrophobic CECs studied in this research are mainly personal care products and organophosphate esters flame retardants and plasticizers, which are present in many different products and are used in large amounts; Also, (3) use of biosolids (reclaimed sewer sludge) as fertilizer for crops is potentially an additional diffuse source of organic pollutants in the study area contributing to a widespread distribution, especially for hydrophobic compounds. Obtained results highlight the need to better define the potential risk of non-regulated contaminants in water resources as well as the great impact of untreated wastewater discharges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M I Llamas-Dios
- Group of Hydrogeology, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - I Vadillo
- Group of Hydrogeology, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | - P Jiménez-Gavilán
- Group of Hydrogeology, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - L Candela
- IMDEA-Water, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, 03690 Madrid, Spain; IUACA, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - C Corada-Fernández
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, CEIMAR, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds: An Overview on Their Occurrence in the Aquatic Environment and Human Exposure. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13101347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) as emerging contaminants have accumulated in the aquatic environment at concentration levels that have been determined to be significant to humans and animals. Several compounds belong to this family, from natural substances (hormones such as estrone, 17-estradiol, and estriol) to synthetic chemicals, especially pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and plastic-derived compounds (phthalates, bisphenol A). In this review, we discuss recent works regarding EDC occurrence in the aquatic compartment, strengths and limitations of current analytical methods used for their detection, treatment technologies for their removal from water, and the health issues that they can trigger in humans. Nowadays, many EDCs have been identified in significant amounts in different water matrices including drinking water, thus increasing the possibility of entering the food chain. Several studies correlate human exposure to high concentrations of EDCs with serious effects such as infertility, thyroid dysfunction, early puberty, endometriosis, diabetes, and obesity. Although our intention is not to explain all disorders related to EDCs exposure, this review aims to guide future research towards a deeper knowledge of EDCs’ contamination and accumulation in water, highlighting their toxicity and exposure risks to humans.
Collapse
|
30
|
Bai Z, Jia K, Chen G, Liao X, Cao Z, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Lu H. Carbamazepine induces hepatotoxicity in zebrafish by inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 276:116688. [PMID: 33611196 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As drug abuse has become increasingly serious, carbamazepine (CBZ) is discharged into the aquatic environment with municipal sewage, causing potential harm to aquatic organisms. Here, we utilized zebrafish, an aquatic vertebrate model, to comprehensively evaluate the hepatotoxicity of CBZ. The larvae were exposed to 0.07, 0.13, and 0.26 mmol/L CBZ from 72 hpf to 144 hpf, and the adults were exposed to 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 mmol/L CBZ for 28 days. The substantial changes were observed in the size and histopathology of livers, indicating that CBZ induced severe hepatoxicity in the larvae and adults. Oil red O staining demonstrated CBZ exposure caused severe lipid accumulation in the livers of both larvae and adults. Furthermore, CBZ exposure facilitated hepatocyte apoptosis through TUNEL staining, which was caused by rising ROS content. Subsequently, down-regulation of genes related to the Wnt pathway in exposure groups indicated that CBZ inhibited the development of liver via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In conclusion, CBZ induced severe hepatotoxicity by promoting lipid accumulation, generating excessive ROS production, and inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in zebrafish. The results reveal the occurrence of CBZ-induced hepatotoxicity in zebrafish and clarify its mechanism of action, which potentially illustrate environmental concerns associated with CBZ exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghui Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Kun Jia
- Center for Developmental Biology of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guilan Chen
- Center for Developmental Biology of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinjun Liao
- Center for Developmental Biology of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zigang Cao
- Center for Developmental Biology of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yangqi Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Center for Developmental Biology of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|