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Tang B, Hung W, Salam M, Zhang L, Yang Y, Niu J, Li H, Zhang L. Suspended particulate matter-biofilm aggregates benefit microcystin removal in turbulent water but trigger toxicity toward Daphnia magna. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 263:122150. [PMID: 39084089 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Suspended particulate matter (SPM) and biofilm are critical in removing contaminants in aquatic environments, but the environmental behavior and ecological toxicity of SPM-biofilm aggregates modulated by turbulence intensities are largely unknown. This study determined the removal pathways of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) by SPM and its biofilm under different turbulence intensities (2.25 × 10-3, 1.01 × 10-2, and 1.80 × 10-2 m2/s3). Then, we evaluated the toxicity of SPM-biofilm aggregates to Daphnia magna. The results revealed that SPM contributed to the adsorption of MC-LR, and the removal of MC-LR can be accelerated with biofilm formation on SPM, with 95.66 % to 97.45 % reduction in MC-LR concentration under the studied turbulence intensities. Higher turbulence intensity triggered more frequent contact of SPM and MC-LR, formed compact but smaller clusters of SPM-biofilm aggregates, and enhanced the abundance of mlrA and mlrB; thus benefiting the adsorption, biosorption, and biodegradation of MC-LR. Furthermore, the SPM-biofilm aggregates formed in turbulent water triggered oxidative stress to Daphnia magna, while a weak lethal toxic effect was identified under moderate turbulence intensity. The results indicate that the toxicity of SPM-biofilm aggregates fail to display a linear relationship with turbulence intensity. These findings offer new perspectives on understanding the environmental behavior and ecological outcomes of SPM and its biofilms in turbulent aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingran Tang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Wei Hung
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Muhammad Salam
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Lixue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Yongchuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Junfeng Niu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China.
| | - Lilan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China.
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Reichelt S, Gorokhova E. Aggregation in experimental studies with microparticles: Experimental settings change particle size distribution during exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122369. [PMID: 37597735 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous occurrence of microplastics is raising broad concerns and motivating effect studies. In these studies, however, particle behaviour in the water and aggregation are rarely considered leading to contradictory results reported by different studies. Using an environmentally relevant experimental setup with Daphnia magna as a test organism, we investigated how experimental conditions affect particle aggregation and the aggregate heterogeneity in terms of the particle size distribution. The experimental factors considered were (1) exposure duration (48 h vs 120 h), (2) the total mass of suspended solids (0-10 mg/l) composed of natural mineral particles (kaolin) and microplastics, (3) the proportion of the microplastics in the particle suspension (0-10% by mass), (4) dissolved organic matter (DOM; 0 vs 20 mg agarose/l), and (5) presence of the test organism (0 and 5 daphnids/vial). We found that particle aggregation occurs within the first 48 h of incubation in all treatments, no substantial change in the aggregate heterogeneity is observed afterwards. The median aggregate size was ∼2-fold higher than the nominal average particle size of clay and microplastics in the stock suspensions used to prepare the experimental mixtures. The strongest positive driver of the aggregate size and heterogeneity was DOM, followed by the presence of daphnids and the concentration of the suspended solids in the system. Also, microplastics were found to facilitate aggregation, albeit they were the weakest contributor. Moreover, besides directly increasing the aggregation, DOM relaxed the effects of the total solids and daphnids on the aggregate size. Thus, the particle size distribution was established early during the exposure and shaped by all experimental factors and their interactions. These findings improve our understanding of the processes occurring in the exposure systems when conducting effect studies with microplastics and other particulates and demonstrate the necessity to access the particle size distribution to characterise the exposure. Aslo, relevant experimental designs with microplastics must include relevant natural particulates and DOM to ensure environmentally realistic particle behaviour and adequate particle-biota interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Reichelt
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Elena Gorokhova
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Sodré FF, Arowojolu IM, Canela MC, Ferreira RS, Fernandes AN, Montagner CC, Vidal C, Dias MA, Abate G, da Silva LC, Grassi MT, Bertoldi C, Fadini PS, Urban RC, Ferraz GM, Schio NS, Waldman WR. How natural and anthropogenic factors should drive microplastic behavior and fate: The scenario of Brazilian urban freshwater. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139813. [PMID: 37586495 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Brazil maintains its position at the top of the global ranking of plastic producers, yet recycling efforts have been incipient. Recent data reveals an annual production of approximately 14 million tons of plastic waste, not accounting for the surge in the usage of plastic masks and related materials due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, what remains largely unreported is that over half of post-consumer plastic packaging in Brazil is managed without any monitoring, and it remains unclear how this will contribute to the occurrence of plastic waste and microplastics in Brazilian freshwaters. This scenario requires the consideration of several other crucial factors. Studies have been carried out mainly in marine and estuarine waters, while data on freshwaters are lacking. Brazil has continental dimensions and the highest water availability on the planet, yet the demand for water is greatest in regions with medium to low supply. Many densely populated Brazilian urban areas face chronic flood problems, possess inadequate levels of wastewater treatment, and display inadequate solid waste management practices. Consequently, urban freshwater with tropical characteristics in Brazil presents an intriguing scenario and is complementary to the most commonly studied marine environments. In this study, we explore the nuances of pollution in Brazilian urban freshwater and discuss how various parameters, such as organic matter, suspended solids, temperature, and pH, among others, influence the behavior of microplastics and their interactions with organic and inorganic contaminants. Furthermore, we address how microplastic conditions, such as biofouling, the type of plastic, or degradation level, may impact their behavior. By analyzing how these conditions change, we propose priority themes for investigating the occurrence of microplastics in Brazilian urban freshwater systems under different degrees of human impact. Ultimately, this study aims to establish a network dedicated to standardized monitoring of microplastic pollution in Brazilian urban freshwaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando F Sodré
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Imisi M Arowojolu
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Maria C Canela
- Exact Sciences and Technology Center, State University of the North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Ferreira
- Exact Sciences and Technology Center, State University of the North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andreia N Fernandes
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiane Vidal
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana A Dias
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Abate
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Marco T Grassi
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Crislaine Bertoldi
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Chemistry Department, Federal University of Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Pedro S Fadini
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta C Urban
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel M Ferraz
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Natalí S Schio
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Walter R Waldman
- Science and Technology Center for Sustainability, Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
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Ogonowski M, Wagner M, Rogell B, Haave M, Lusher A. Microplastics could be marginally more hazardous than natural suspended solids - A meta-analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115406. [PMID: 37639826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) are perceived as a threat to aquatic ecosystems but bear many similarities to suspended sediments which are often considered less harmful. It is, therefore pertinent to determine if and to what extent MP are different from other particles occurring in aquatic ecosystems in terms of their adverse effects. We applied meta-regressions to toxicity data extracted from the literature and harmonized the data to construct Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSDs) for both types of particles. The results were largely inconclusive due to high uncertainty but the central tendencies of our estimates still indicate that MP could be marginally more hazardous compared to suspended sediments. In part, the high uncertainty stems from the general lack of comparable experimental studies and dose-dependent point estimates. We therefore argue that until more comparable data is presented, risk assessors should act precautionary and treat MP in the 1-1000 µm size range as marginally more hazardous to aquatic organisms capable of ingesting such particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ogonowski
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Stångholmsvägen 2, SE-17893 Drottningholm, Sweden.
| | - Martin Wagner
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Björn Rogell
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Stångholmsvägen 2, SE-17893 Drottningholm, Sweden
| | - Marte Haave
- NORCE, Norwegian Research Centre AS, Climate & Environment, Nygårdsporten 112, NO-5008 Bergen, Norway; Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Amy Lusher
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway
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Dethier EN, Silman M, Leiva JD, Alqahtani S, Fernandez LE, Pauca P, Çamalan S, Tomhave P, Magilligan FJ, Renshaw CE, Lutz DA. A global rise in alluvial mining increases sediment load in tropical rivers. Nature 2023; 620:787-793. [PMID: 37612396 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Increasing gold and mineral mining activity in rivers across the global tropics has degraded ecosystems and threatened human health1,2. Such river mineral mining involves intensive excavation and sediment processing in river corridors, altering river form and releasing excess sediment downstream2. Increased suspended sediment loads can reduce water clarity and cause siltation to levels that may result in disease and mortality in fish3,4, poor water quality5 and damage to human infrastructure6. Although river mining has been investigated at local scales, no global synthesis of its physical footprint and impacts on hydrologic systems exists, leaving its full environmental consequences unknown. We assemble and analyse a 37-year satellite database showing pervasive, increasing river mineral mining worldwide. We identify 396 mining districts in 49 countries, concentrated in tropical waterways that are almost universally altered by mining-derived sediment. Of 173 mining-affected rivers, 80% have suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs) more than double pre-mining levels. In 30 countries in which mining affects large (>50 m wide) rivers, 23 ± 19% of large river length is altered by mining-derived sediment, a globe-spanning effect representing 35,000 river kilometres, 6% (±1% s.e.) of all large tropical river reaches. Our findings highlight the ubiquity and intensity of mining-associated degradation in tropical river systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan N Dethier
- Department of Environmental Studies, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
- Department of Earth and Oceanographic Science, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, USA.
- Department of Geology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Miles Silman
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Center for Energy, Environment, and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Sarra Alqahtani
- Center for Energy, Environment, and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Luis E Fernandez
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Centro de Innovación Científica Amazónica (CINCIA), Puerto Maldonado, Peru
| | - Paúl Pauca
- Center for Energy, Environment, and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Seda Çamalan
- Department of Computer Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Peter Tomhave
- Department of Earth and Oceanographic Science, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, USA
| | | | - Carl E Renshaw
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - David A Lutz
- Department of Environmental Studies, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
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6
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Brehm J, Ritschar S, Laforsch C, Mair MM. The complexity of micro- and nanoplastic research in the genus Daphnia - A systematic review of study variability and a meta-analysis of immobilization rates. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131839. [PMID: 37348369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the number of publications on nano- and microplastic particles (NMPs) effects on freshwater organisms has increased rapidly. Freshwater crustaceans of the genus Daphnia are widely used in ecotoxicological research as model organisms for assessing the impact of NMPs. However, the diversity of experimental designs in these studies makes conclusions about the general impact of NMPs on Daphnia challenging. To approach this, we systematically reviewed the literature on NMP effects on Daphnia and summarized the diversity of test organisms, experimental conditions, NMP properties and measured endpoints to identify gaps in our knowledge of NMP effects on Daphnia. We use a meta-analysis on mortality and immobilization rates extracted from the compiled literature to illustrate how NMP properties, study parameters and the biology of Daphnia can impact outcomes in toxicity bioassays. In addition, we investigate the extent to which the available data can be used to predict the toxicity of untested NMPs based on the extracted parameters. Based on our results, we argue that focusing on a more diverse set of NMP properties combined with a more detailed characterization of the particles in future studies will help to fill current research gaps, improve predictive models and allow the identification of NMP properties linked to toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Brehm
- Animal Ecology I, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sven Ritschar
- Animal Ecology I, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christian Laforsch
- Animal Ecology I, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany; Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Magdalena M Mair
- Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), Bayreuth, Germany; Statistical Ecotoxicology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
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7
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Liu X, Zhang L, He X. Emitter clogging characteristics under reclaimed wastewater drip irrigation: a meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4171-4181. [PMID: 35018656 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although reclaimed wastewater drip irrigation (RWDI) is an effective technology for alleviating agricultural crop water stress and protecting the environment, the reclaimed wastewater (RW) may cause emitter clogging. Discharge ratio variation (Dra) and coefficient of uniformity (CU) play a key role in exploring the clogging degree of the emitter. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to identify optimal management methods with an acceptable Dra and CU under RWDI. RESULTS The results indicate that the higher the concentration of various substances in RW, the higher is the risk of the emitter clogging. Suitable concentrations of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), water hardness and calcium ions (Ca2+ ) in RW were determined to be 0-0.2, 0-0.02, 0-50, 20-30, 200-250 and 0-40 mg L-1 , respectively. Pressure-compensating emitters with relatively high discharge (>2 L h-1 ) could prevent clogging in RWDI systems. CONCLUSION Based on the data analysis, a cumulative RWDI operation time of 375 h was determined as the most suitable time for lateral flushing to prevent clogging. This study identifies the conditions under which an increase in the service life of RWDI systems can be achieved. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufei Liu
- College of Water Resources and Architecture Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xuefei He
- College of Water Resources and Architecture Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Nousheen R, Rittschof D, Hashmi I. Toxic effects of pristine and aged polystyrene microplastics on selective and continuous larval culture of acorn barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:103912. [PMID: 35724858 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the toxicity of pristine (Unwashed) and aged, clean (Biofilm-) or fouled (Biofilm+), PS microspheres (3 µm,10 µm), using Washed particles as a reference material, on selective and continuous larval culture of Amphibalanus amphitrite. Exposure to 3 µm Unwashed and Biofilm+ particles for 24 h induced significant mortality (60 % and 57 % respectively) in stage II larvae. Stage II and VI nauplii showed greater uptake of 3 µm Biofilm- particles. Accumulative exposure to microplastics in continuous larval culture significantly affected the naupliar survival, particularly of stage III and IV. Cumulative mortality was > 70% after exposure to 3 µm Unwashed and 10 µm Biofilm+ particles. Unwashed particles with increasing concentration and aged particles with increasing size, delayed the development of nauplii to cyprids. Though,> 50% cyprids showed successful settlement however the highest concentration of 3 µm Biofilm+ microspheres inhibited the settlement and induced precocious metamorphosis in 9 % of the cyprids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Nousheen
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12 Sector, Islamabad, Pakistan; Duke Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC 28516, United States
| | - Daniel Rittschof
- Duke Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC 28516, United States
| | - Imran Hashmi
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12 Sector, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Capolungo C, Genovese D, Montalti M, Rampazzo E, Zaccheroni N, Prodi L. Photoluminescence-Based Techniques for the Detection of Micro- and Nanoplastics. Chemistry 2021; 27:17529-17541. [PMID: 34519368 PMCID: PMC9298384 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The growing numbers related to plastic pollution are impressive, with ca. 70 % of produced plastic (>350 tonnes/year) being indiscriminately wasted in the environment. The most dangerous forms of plastic pollution for biota and human health are micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs), which are ubiquitous and more bioavailable. Their elimination is extremely difficult, but the first challenge is their detection since existing protocols are unsatisfactory for microplastics and mostly absent for nanoplastics. After a discussion of the state of the art for MNPs detection, we specifically revise the techniques based on photoluminescence that represent very promising solutions for this problem. In this context, Nile Red staining is the most used strategy and we show here its pros and limitations, but we also discuss other more recent approaches, such as the use of fluorogenic probes based on perylene-bisimide and on fluorogenic hyaluronan nanogels, with the added values of biocompatibility and water solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Capolungo
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bolognavia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Damiano Genovese
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bolognavia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Marco Montalti
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bolognavia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Enrico Rampazzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bolognavia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Nelsi Zaccheroni
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bolognavia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Luca Prodi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bolognavia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
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Gorokhova E, Motiei A, El-Shehawy R. Understanding Biofilm Formation in Ecotoxicological Assays With Natural and Anthropogenic Particulates. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:632947. [PMID: 34276580 PMCID: PMC8281255 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.632947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fossil-made polymers harbor unique bacterial assemblages, and concerns have been raised that ingested microplastic may affect the consumer gut microbiota and spread pathogens in animal populations. We hypothesized that in an ecotoxicity assay with a mixture of polystyrene (PS) and clay: (1) microbiome of the test animals inoculates the system with bacteria; (2) relative contribution of PS and the total amount of suspended solids (SS) select for specific bacterial communities; and (3) particle aggregation is affected by biofilm community composition, with concomitant effects on the animal survival. Mixtures of PS and clay at different concentrations of SS (10, 100, and 1000 mg/L) with a varying microplastics contribution (%PS; 0-80%) were incubated with Daphnia magna, whose microbiome served as an inoculum for the biofilms during the exposure. After 4-days of exposure, we examined the biofilm communities by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, particle size distribution, and animal survival. The biofilm communities were significantly different from the Daphnia microbiota used to inoculate the system, with an overrepresentation of predatory, rare, and potentially pathogenic taxa in the biofilms. The biofilm diversity was stimulated by %PS and decreased by predatory bacteria. Particle aggregate size and the biofilm composition were the primary drivers of animal survival, with small particles and predatory bacteria associated with a higher death rate. Thus, in effect studies with solid waste materials, ecological interactions in the biofilm can affect particle aggregation and support potentially harmful microorganisms with concomitant effects on the test animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gorokhova
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Asa Motiei
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rehab El-Shehawy
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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