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Kong M, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Fang H, Wang W, Shi G, Yan Y, Zhang S. Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance change bacterial community compositions in marine sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:118005. [PMID: 38135101 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants, including antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and extracellular antibiotic resistance genes (eARGs), have been detected in large numbers in the aquatic environment. The effects of emerging contaminants on bacterial communities in marine sediments are not well studied. In this study, the effects of emerging contaminants (antibiotics, ARB, and eARGs) on the variations of bacterial populations in marine sediments of the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea were investigated. The results showed that the abundance of the host bacterial phylum Probacteria in the marine sediments of the Bohai Sea was the lowest among the four seas after exposure to different antibiotics, ARB, and eARGs. The inputs of exogenous antibiotics and resistance genes significantly affected the community function, resulting in significant differences in community abundance at the genus level. The abundance of Halomonas, Sulfitobacter, and Alcanivorax in the four sea areas displayed noteworthy differences in response to the addition of exogenous antibiotics and eARGs. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the intricate interplay between emerging contaminants and the dynamics of bacterial communities in natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Kong
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CIC-AEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CIC-AEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Hao Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CIC-AEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Wanzhong Wang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Gaoling Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Yan Yan
- Centre for Ecology Environment Monitoring and Scientific research, SongLiao River Basin Ecology and Environment Adiministration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CIC-AEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
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Cai S, Yang Y, Zeng X, Zhu Z, Wang F, Zhang S, Chen F, Cai C, Zeng X, Qiao S. Methionine influences the profile of intestinal antibiotic resistome through inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165610. [PMID: 37474041 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are a new type of environmental pollutant. However, studies have mainly focused on the distribution characteristics of ARGs in the livestock environment, lacking of studies on the composition of ARGs in the intestinal tract of animals and the effect of nutrients on intestinal ARGs and microbial communities. Reducing antimicrobial resistance and maintaining optimal animal health and performance are urgently needed. Methionine is an essential amino acid which plays a critical role in the growth and reproductive performance of animals. In this study, feeding experiment, in vitro fermentation and bacterial culture experiment were performed to explore the influence of methionine on the intestinal resistome of sows. We found that dietary 0.2 % methionine supplementation decreased the total abundance of intestinal ARGs, which was further confirmed by in vitro fecal microbial fermentation of sows. Metagenome binning analysis identified that Escherichia coli was the major ARG host, which carried 60-113 ARGs and 134-286 virulence factors, indicating that Escherichia coli in the pig intestine is not only a core ARG host, but also an important pathogen. In addition, we found that methionine supplementation inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, indicating that dietary methionine may reduce the resistome risk in sow intestine by inhibiting core ARG hosts such as Escherichia coli. These findings reveal that dietary methionine application plays a critical role in intestinal antibiotic resistance, providing a new idea for preventing and controlling environmental pollution by antibiotic-resistant microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biofeed Additives, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yiwen Yang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangzhou Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biofeed Additives, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhekun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biofeed Additives, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fenglai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biofeed Additives, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shihai Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chuanjiang Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiangfang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biofeed Additives, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shiyan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biofeed Additives, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Yang Y, Hu X, Cai S, Hu N, Yuan Y, Wu Y, Wang Y, Mi J, Liao X. Pet cats may shape the antibiotic resistome of their owner's gut and living environment. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:235. [PMID: 37872584 PMCID: PMC10591416 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Companion animals can contribute to the physical and mental health of people and often live in very close association with their owners. However, the antibiotic resistome carried by companion animals and the impact they have on their owners and living environment remain unclear. In this study, we compared the ARG profiles of cats, humans, and their living environments using metagenomic analysis to identify the core ARGs in the cat and human gut and explore the potential impact of cats on ARGs in the human gut through the environment. RESULTS Results showed that the abundance of ARGs in the cat gut was significantly higher than that in the human gut (P < 0.0001), with aminoglycoside and tetracycline resistance genes being the dominant ARGs in the cat gut. There was no significant difference in the abundance of total ARGs in the guts of cat owners and non-owners (P > 0.05). However, the abundance of aminoglycoside resistance genes including APH(2'')-IIa and AAC(6')-Im was significantly higher in cat owners than that in non-cat owners (P < 0.001). Also, ARG abundance was positively correlated with the frequency of cat activity in the living environment. Enterobacteriaceae was the dominant ARG host co-occurring in the cat gut, human gut, and living environment. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that cats may shape the living environment resistome and thus the composition of some ARGs in the human gut, highlighting the importance of companion animal environment health. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Xinwen Hu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Shuang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Yilin Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yinbao Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiandui Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xindi Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Huang XR, Neilson R, Yang LY, Deng JJ, Zhou SYD, Li H, Zhu YG, Yang XR. Urban greenspace types influence the microbial community assembly and antibiotic resistome more in the phyllosphere than in the soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139533. [PMID: 37459932 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Urban greenspace (UGS) is recognized to confer significant societal benefits, but few studies explored the microbial communities and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from different urban greenspace types. Here, we collected leaf and soil samples from forest, greenbelt, and parkland to analyze microbial community assembly and ARG profile. For phyllosphere fungal community, the α-diversity was higher in forest, compared to those in greenbelt and parkland. Moreover, urban greenspace types altered the community assembly. Stochastic processes had a greater effect on phyllosphere fungal community in greenbelt and parkland, while in forest they were dominated by deterministic processes. In contrast, no significant differences in bacterial community diversity, community assembly were observed between the samples collected from different urban greenspace types. A total of 153 ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected in phyllosphere and soil with resistance to the majority classes of antibiotics commonly applied to humans and animals. Structural equation model further revealed that a direct association between greenspace type and ARGs in the phyllosphere even after considering the effects of all other factors simultaneously. Our findings provide new insights into the microbial communities and antibiotic resistome of urban greenspaces and the potential risk linked with human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Chinese Academy of Sciences Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Centerin, Beilun, Ningbo, 315830, China
| | - Roy Neilson
- Ecological Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK
| | - Le-Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing-Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shu-Yi-Dan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Hu Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Chinese Academy of Sciences Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Centerin, Beilun, Ningbo, 315830, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Yang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Chinese Academy of Sciences Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Centerin, Beilun, Ningbo, 315830, China.
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Wang Y, Li Y, Li H, Zhou J, Wang T. Seasonal dissemination of antibiotic resistome from livestock farms to surrounding soil and air: Bacterial hosts and risks for human exposure. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116638. [PMID: 36335698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Feces in livestock farms is a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which can disseminate into surrounding soil and air, bringing risks to human health. In this study, seasonal dissemination of ARGs in a livestock farm and implications for human exposure was explored. The experimental results showed that ARGs abundance basically ranked as feces > soil > air, and significant seasonal dependence was observed. The total ARGs in pig feces was relatively higher in autumn (109.7 copies g-1) and winter (1010.0 copies g-1), and lower in summer (105.0 copies g-1). Similarly, the lowest total ARGs in soil and air were also observed in summer. There were correlations among ARGs, integron intI1, and bacterial community. Total organic carbon was an important factor affecting ARGs distribution in the feces, and pH and moisture content significantly affected soil ARGs. The daily intakes of integron intI1 and ARGs from air were 10°.5 copies h-1 and 102.3 copies h-1 for human exposure, respectively. Pseudomonas was a potential pathogenic host of blaTEM-1 in feces, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter were potential pathogenic hosts of multiple ARGs in soil, while ARGs in air did not migrate into pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Yingwei Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Hu Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Jian Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
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Su H, Wu C, Han P, Liu Z, Liang M, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Guo G, He X, Pang J, Wang C, Weng S, He J. The microbiome and its association with antibiotic resistance genes in the hadal biosphere at the Yap Trench. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 439:129543. [PMID: 35870206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The hadal biosphere, the deepest part of the ocean, is known as the least-explored aquatic environment and hosts taxonomically diverse microbial communities. However, the microbiome and its association with antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the hadal ecosystem remain unknown. Here, we profiled the microbiome diversity and ARG occurrence in seawater and sediments of the Yap Trench (YT) using metagenomic sequencing. Within the prokaryote (bacteria and archaea) lineages, the main components of bacteria were Gammaproteobacteria (77.76 %), Firmicutes (8.36 %), and Alphaproteobacteria (2.25 %), whereas the major components of archaea were Nitrososphaeria (6.51 %), Nanoarchaeia (0.42 %), and Thermoplasmata (0.25 %), respectively. Taxonomy of viral contigs showed that the classified viral communities in YT seawater and sediments were dominated by Podoviridae (45.96 %), Siphoviridae (29.41 %), and Myoviridae (24.63 %). A large majority of viral contigs remained uncharacterized and exhibited endemicity. A total of 48 ARGs encoding resistance to 12 antibiotic classes were identified and their hosts were bacteria and viruses. Novel ARG subtypes mexFYTV-1, mexFYTV-2, mexFYTV-3, vanRYTV-1, vanSYTV-1 (carried by unclassified viruses), and bacAYTB-1 (carried by phylum Firmicutes) were detected in seawater samples. Overall, our findings imply that the hadal environment of the YT is a repository of viral and ARG diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualong Su
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Chengcheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Peiyun Han
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zixuan Liu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Mincong Liang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Baidu International Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518062, China
| | - Zhike Wang
- Hainan Guodun Information Development, Haikou 570206, China
| | - Guangyu Guo
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Xinyi He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jianhu Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jianguo He
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China; State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Hamame A, Davoust B, Cherak Z, Rolain JM, Diene SM. Mobile Colistin Resistance ( mcr) Genes in Cats and Dogs and Their Zoonotic Transmission Risks. Pathogens 2022; 11:698. [PMID: 35745552 PMCID: PMC9230929 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pets, especially cats and dogs, represent a great potential for zoonotic transmission, leading to major health problems. The purpose of this systematic review was to present the latest developments concerning colistin resistance through mcr genes in pets. The current study also highlights the health risks of the transmission of colistin resistance between pets and humans. Methods: We conducted a systematic review on mcr-positive bacteria in pets and studies reporting their zoonotic transmission to humans. Bibliographic research queries were performed on the following databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Microsoft Academic, and Web of Science. Articles of interest were selected using the PRISMA guideline principles. Results: The analyzed articles from the investigated databases described the presence of mcr gene variants in pets including mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, mcr-5, mcr-8, mcr-9, and mcr-10. Among these articles, four studies reported potential zoonotic transmission of mcr genes between pets and humans. The epidemiological analysis revealed that dogs and cats can be colonized by mcr genes that are beginning to spread in different countries worldwide. Overall, reported articles on this subject highlight the high risk of zoonotic transmission of colistin resistance genes between pets and their owners. Conclusions: This review demonstrated the spread of mcr genes in pets and their transmission to humans, indicating the need for further measures to control this significant threat to public health. Therefore, we suggest here some strategies against this threat such as avoiding zoonotic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf Hamame
- Faculté de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France;
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Bernard Davoust
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Zineb Cherak
- Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Batna-2, Route de Constantine, Fésdis, Batna 05078, Algeria;
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Faculté de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France;
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Seydina M. Diene
- Faculté de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France;
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France;
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