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Bai H, Yang Y, Dong M, Yuan H, Huang Y, Liu X, Ni C. Carbon defects-enriched NBC-C 3N 5@CoMn with ultrafast modulation of redox couples for efficient degradation of contaminant. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121723. [PMID: 39003897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The inefficiency of catalysts in sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) is primarily attributed to the sluggish circulation of redox couples. Herein, a carbon defects-enriched NBC-C3N5@CoMn (NCC) was synthesized through a self-assembly approach. The carbon defects within the NCC induce the electron trap effect, thereby facilitating the efficient cycling of redox couples in photo-Fenton-like processes during contaminant degradation. This effect enables the self-regeneration of the NCC catalyst. The reductive redox couples (Co (II) and Mn (II)) are continuously regenerated following the degradation process. Within the NCC, CoMn layered double hydroxides (LDHs) act as primary active sites, promoting the generation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH), sulfate radicals (SO4•-) and singlet oxygen (1O2) through continuous electron gain and loss. Additionally, the internal electric field established within the NCC further accelerates electron transfer. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations confirm that the carbon defects-enriched NCC exhibits lower adsorption energies and higher electron transfer efficiencies than carbon defect-deficient NCC. This study introduces a novel photocatalyst with self-regenerating capabilities, presenting an innovative approach to regulate redox couples in SR-AOPs for sustainable degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Bai
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuxiang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Mengyang Dong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hongming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiangnong Liu
- Analysis Test Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Chaoying Ni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, DE, 19716, USA
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2
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Seifikar F, Habibi-Yangjeh A. Floating photocatalysts as promising materials for environmental detoxification and energy production: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141686. [PMID: 38513952 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The oxygenation process of the catalyst surface, the incident-light harvesting capability, and facile recycling of utilized photocatalysts play key role in the outstanding photocatalytic performances. The typical existing photocatalysts in powder form have many drawbacks, such as difficult separation from the treated water, insufficient surface oxygenation, poor active surface area, low incident-light harvesting ability, and secondary pollution of the environment. A great number of scientific works introduced novel and fresh ideas related to designing floating photocatalytic systems by immobilizing highly active photocatalysts onto a floatable substrate. Thanks to direct contact with the illuminated light and oxygen molecules in the interface of water/air, the photocatalytic performance is maximized through production of more reactive species, employed in the photocatalytic reactions. Furthermore, facile recovering of the utilized photocatalysts for next processes avoids secondary pollution as well as diminishes the process's price. This review highlights the performance of developed floating photocatalysts for diverse applications. Furthermore, different floating substrates and possible mechanisms in floating photocatalysts are briefly mentioned. In addition, several emerging self-floating photocatalytic systems are taken attention and discussed. Specially, coupling photo-thermal and photocatalytic effects seems to be a good strategy for introducing a new class of floating photocatalyst to utilize the free, abundant, and green sunlight energy for the aims of water desalination and purification. Despite of a large number of attempts about the floating photocatalysts, there are still plenty of rooms for more in-depth research to be carried out for attaining the required characteristics of the large scale utilizations of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Seifikar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Aziz Habibi-Yangjeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
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Ebrahimi A, Haghighi M, Shabani M. Design of novel solar-light-induced KBi 6O 9I/Ag-AgVO 3 nanophotocatalyst with Ag-bridged Z-scheme charge carriers separation and boosted photo-elimination of hospital effluents. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123584. [PMID: 38367690 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
In this research, a novel solar-light-induced KBi6O9I/Ag-AgVO3 nanophotocatalyst with an Ag-bridged Z-scheme structure has been designed and synthesized through a sonochemical method to photo-degrade antibiotic hospital contaminants under simulated solar-light irradiation. Synthesized nanophotocatalysts with varying KBi6O9I to Ag-AgVO3 weight ratios underwent N2 Adsorption-Desorption, XRD, TEM, UV-Vis DRS, FESEM and PL analyses. The Ag-bridged Z-scheme-structured KBi6O9I/Ag-AgVO3 (1:1) nanophotocatalyst, demonstrated broad light absorption within the solar-light spectrum and showcased effective photocatalytic efficacy in degrading tetracycline antibiotic (88.3% and 83.5% removal for 25 and 50 mg/L, respectively, after 120 min). This performance outperformed other composited photocatalysts, as well as pure Ag-AgVO3 and KBi6O9I photocatalysts. The enhanced degradation efficiency of the KBi6O9I/Ag-AgVO3 (1:1) composite can be ascribed to the synergistic interaction of various elements. These include the surface plasmon resonance impact of silver nanoparticles, their pronounced sensitivity to solar irradiation, and the Z-scheme heterojunction configuration. Collectively, these factors work together to minimize the recombination rate of photoinduced electron-hole pairs, thereby amplifying the efficacy of photodegradation. Furthermore, the KBi6O9I/Ag-AgVO3 (1:1) composite photocatalyst displayed sustained pollutants elimination performance even after undergoing four consecutive cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ebrahimi
- Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, P.O.Box 51335-1996, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran; Reactor and Catalysis Research Center (RCRC), Sahand University of Technology, P.O.Box 51335-1996, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Haghighi
- Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, P.O.Box 51335-1996, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran; Reactor and Catalysis Research Center (RCRC), Sahand University of Technology, P.O.Box 51335-1996, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Maryam Shabani
- Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, P.O.Box 51335-1996, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran; Reactor and Catalysis Research Center (RCRC), Sahand University of Technology, P.O.Box 51335-1996, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran
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Tian M, Ren X, Ding S, Fu N, Wei Y, Yang Z, Yao X. Effective degradation of phenol by activating PMS with bimetallic Mo and Ni Co-doped g C 3N 4 composite catalyst: A Fenton-like degradation process promoted by non-free radical 1O 2. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 243:117848. [PMID: 38065396 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The application of bimetal supported graphite phase carbon nitride in activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) process has become a research hotspot in recent years. In this study, 8-g C3N4/Mo/Ni composite catalyst material was successfully prepared by doping Mo and Ni in graphite phase carbon nitride. The bimetallic active sites were formed in the catalyst, and PMS was activated by the metal valence Mo6+/Mo4+ and Ni2+/Ni(0) through redox double cycle to effectively degrade phenol. When pH was neutral, the degradation rate of 20 mg/L phenol solution with 8-g C3N4/Mo/Ni (0.35 g/L) and PMS (0.6 mM) could reach 95% within 20 min. The degradation rate of 8-g C3N4/Mo/Ni/PMS catalytic system could reach more than 90% within 20min under the condition of pH range of 3-11 and different anions. Meanwhile, the degradation effects of RhB, MB and OFX on different pollutants within 30min were 99%, 100% and 82%, respectively. Electron spin resonance and quenching experiments showed that in 8-g C3N4/Mo/Ni/PMS system, the degradation mechanism was mainly non-free radicals, and the main active species in the degradation process was 1O2. This study provides a new idea for the study of bimetal supported graphite phase carbon nitride activation of PMS and the theoretical study of degradation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Tian
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China; School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou Petrochemical University of Vocational Technology, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
| | - Xuechang Ren
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
| | - Suying Ding
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Ning Fu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Yajun Wei
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Yao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
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Ruan X, Wang H, Huang F, Wang F, Yang X. Degradation of 2, 4-dichlorophenol by peroxymonosulfate catalyzed by ZnO/ZnMn 2 O 4. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2024; 96:e10984. [PMID: 38298030 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a highly efficient peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activator, ZnO/ZnMn2 O4 , was synthesized using a simple one-step hydrothermal method. The resulting bimetallic oxide catalyst demonstrated a homogenous and high-purity composition, showcasing synergistic catalytic activity in activating PMS for degrading 2, 4-dichlorophenol (2, 4-DCP) in aqueous solution. This catalytic performance surpassed that of individual ZnO, Mn2 O3 , and ZnMn2 O4 metal materials. Under the optimized conditions, the removal efficiency of 2, 4-DCP reached approximately 86% within 60 min, and the catalytic ability remained almost constant even after four cycles of recycling. The developed degradation system proved effective in degrading other azo-dye pollutants. Certain inorganic anions such as HPO4 - , HCO3 - , and NO3 - significantly inhibited the degradation of 2, 4-DCP, while Cl- and SO4 2- did not exhibit such interference. Results from electrochemical experiments indicated that the electron transfer ability of ZnO/ZnMn2 O4 surpassed that of individual metals, and electron transfer occurred between ZnO/ZnMn2 O4 and the oxidant. The primary active radicals responsible for degrading 2, 4-DCP were identified as SO4 •- , OH• and O2 •- , generated through the oxidation and reduction of PMS catalyzed by Zn (II) and Mn (III). Furthermore, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the fresh and used catalysts revealed that the exceptional electron transfer ability of ZnO facilitated the valence transfer of Mn (III) and the transfer of electrons to the catalyst's oxygen surface, thus enhancing the catalytic efficiency. The analysis of radicals and intermediates indicates that the two main pathways for degrading 2, 4-DCP involve hydroxylation and radical attack on its aromatic ring. PRACTITIONER POINTS: A bimetallic ZnO/ZnMn2 O4 catalyst was synthesized and characterized. ZnO/ZnMn2 O4 can synergistically activate PMS to degrade 2, 4-DCP compared with single metal oxide. Three primary active radicals, O2 •- , • OH, and SO4 •- , were generated to promote the degradation. ZnO promoted electron transfer among the three species of Mn to facilitate oxidizing pollutants. Hydroxylation and radical attack on the aromatic ring of 2, 4-DCP are the two degradation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchao Ruan
- School of Environment Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China
- Research Center for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Environment Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengyun Huang
- School of Environment Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fanye Wang
- School of Environment Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- School of Environment Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China
- Research Center for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China
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6
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Wang R, Hu L, Wang M, Wei Y, Xu Y, Zhang X, Chen J. The selection of floating photocatalyst carrier and algae inhibition effect of Karenia mikimotoi based on SNP-TiO 2@Cu-MOF under visible light. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 343:140276. [PMID: 37758086 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic technology for inactivating harmful algae has shown great research potential, in previous work, a kind of non-noble metal modified TiO2 loading onto copper metal organic framework (SNP-TiO2@Cu-MOF) was proved to show high removal efficiency against Karenia mikimotoi (K. mikimotoi). However, the recovery problem of powdered photocatalysts and its potential ecological hazards were still existed. In order to solve this, this study selected four macro-floating carriers and loaded photocatalyst on their surface. The floating photocatalyst with luffa sponge and expanded perlite as carriers were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis, and the floating photocatalyst with melamine sponge and polyurethane sponge as carriers were prepared by sodium alginate fixation method. The photocatalyst was firmly supported on the carriers, and the octahedral structure of SNP-TiO2@Cu-MOF photocatalyst could be well retained by hydrothermal synthesis. The advantages of sodium alginate fixation method were simple preparation process and low cost. The specific surface area of melamine foam photocatalyst (MF-P) was the highest, 28.47 m2/g, and the algae inactivation rate was also the best, which was 98.68% in 6 h. The MF-P group showed a decrease of 81.8% in soluble protein content and 81.4% in chlorophyll-a content of K. mikimotoi after 1 h of photocatalysis, respectively. The four photocatalysts showed good recyclability, and especially in MF-P group. The inactivation efficiency was still as high as 94.12% after four experiments. The floating photocatalyst would lay the foundation for further application of photocatalytic materials for algae removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjun Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, PR China
| | - Lijun Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, PR China
| | - Mengjiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, PR China
| | - Yushan Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, PR China
| | - Yuling Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, PR China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, PR China
| | - Junfeng Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, PR China.
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7
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Zhou J, Wang S. Investigation of manganese-iron oxide nanocomposite immobilized on powdered activated carbon as an efficient activator of peroxymonosulfate for antibiotics degradation: Conjunction of adsorption, radical and nonradical processes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117150. [PMID: 37716385 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have gained considerable attention for their efficient oxidation of persistent pollutants. A two-step chemical co-precipitation method was used to prepare a bimetallic nanocomposite (MnOx@Fe3O4) consisting of manganese oxides and ferroferric oxides, supported by powdered activated carbon (PAC). The synthesis of MnOx@Fe3O4-PAC (MFP) was aimed to enhance the degradation efficiency of oxytetracycline (OTC) via the simultaneous adsorption and oxidation processes on the solid-liquid interface. The OTC degradation process in the MFP/PMS system could be well described by pseudo-first-order kinetics. A wide pH range (3-6) was acceptable for MFP to degrade OTC via PMS activation with the highest removal efficiency reaching up to 85.6% (OTC0 = 150 mg/L), while a 60.8% removal efficiency of total organic carbon (TOC) was also attained simultaneously. SO4•- and 1O2, which were bound to the surface, played a crucial role as reactive oxygen species in the degradation of OTC. The combination of PAC, Fe3O4, and MnOx of MFP could enhance the degradation efficiency of OTC and fetch up their defects of separate application. The deduced OTC degradation pathway relied on the findings from UPLC-MS analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Noteworthy, MFP maintained efficient catalysis performance in the five cycles of stability experiment with neglectable loss of manganese and iron. These results provide valuable understanding of the conjunction of adsorption, radical, and nonradical processes driven by MFP for OTC degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
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Feng T, Zhang J, Yu F, Su Q, Wang H, Wang L, Guo Y, Xie H. Broad-bandgap porous graphitic carbon nitride with nitrogen vacancies and oxygen doping for efficient visible-light photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122268. [PMID: 37506802 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Effective degradation methods are required to address the issue of antibiotics as organic pollutants in water resources. Herein, a two-stage thermal treatment method was used to prepare porous graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) modified with nitrogen vacancies and oxygen doping at the N-(C)3 position and deep in the g-C3N4 framework. Compared with bulk g-C3N4 (BCN) (7 ± 1 m2/g), the modified sample (RCN-2h) possesses a larger specific surface area (224 ± 1 m2/g), a larger bandgap (by 0.19 eV), and a mid-gap state. In addition, RCN-2h shows 15.4, 11.2, and 9.5 times higher photodegradation rates than BCN for the degradation of 100% ofloxacin (OFX) (within 15 min), tetracycline (within 15 min), and sulfadiazine (within 35 min), respectively. The RCN-2h catalyst also exhibits superior stability and reusability. Systematic characterization and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the synergistic effect of the porous structure, nitrogen vacancies, and oxygen doping in RCN-2h provides additional reaction sites, improved charge separation efficiency, and shorter diffusion paths for reactants and photogenerated charge carriers. Trapping experiments reveal that •O2- is the main active species in OFX photodegradation, and a possible photodegradation pathway is identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Benefiting from the simplicity of synthesis methods and the superiority of elemental doping, carbon nitride materials with functional synergy have great potential for environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Feng
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shang Hai, 201209, China.
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Fengshan Yu
- Jiangxi Province Han's Precious Metals Co., Ltd., Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province, 335500, China.
| | - Qing Su
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shang Hai, 201209, China.
| | - Huimin Wang
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shang Hai, 201209, China.
| | - Lincai Wang
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shang Hai, 201209, China.
| | - Yanhui Guo
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Haijiao Xie
- Hangzhou Yanqu Information Technology Co., Ltd. Y2, 2nd Floor, Building 2, Xixi Legu Creative Pioneering Park, No.712 Wen'er West Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China.
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9
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Tian N, Madani Z, Giannakis S, Isari AA, Arjmand M, Hasanvandian F, Noorisepehr M, Kakavandi B. Peroxymonosulfate assisted pesticide breakdown: Unveiling the potential of a novel S-scheme ZnO@CoFe 2O 4 photo-catalyst, anchored on activated carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122059. [PMID: 37390913 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
A ternary hetero-junction was prepared by anchoring ZnO@CoFe2O4 (ZCF) on activated carbon (AC) and employed as a UV-assisted peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activator to boost the degradation of diazinon (DZN) pesticide. The structure, morphology, and optical properties of the ZCFAC hetero-junction were characterized through a series of techniques. The highest degradation efficiency of DZN (100% in 90 min) was achieved by the PMS-mediated ZCFAC/UV system, superior to other single or binary catalytic systems due to the strong synergistic effect between ZCFAC, PMS, and UV. The operating reaction conditions, synergistic effects, and the possible pathways of DZN degradation were investigated and discussed. Optical analysis showed that the band-gap energy of the ZCFAC hetero-junction not only enhanced the absorption of UV light but also reduced the recombination of photo-induced electron/hole pairs. Both radical and non-radical species (HO•, SO4•-, O2•-, 1O2, and h+) took part in the photo-degradation of DZN, assessed by scavenging tests. It was found that AC as a carrier not only improved the catalytic activity of CF and ZnO nanoparticles and conferred high stability for the catalyst but also played a crucial role in accelerating the catalytic PMS activation mechanism. Moreover, the PMS-mediated ZCFAC/UV system showed good reusability, universality, and practical applicability potential. Overall, this work explored an efficient strategy for the best use of hetero-structure photo-catalysts towards PMS activation to achieve high performance in decontaminating organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Tian
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Departamento de Ingeniería Civil: Hidráulica, Energía y Medio Ambiente, Unidad Docente Ingeniería Sanitaria, C/ Profesor Aranguren, S/n, ES-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Zahra Madani
- Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Stefanos Giannakis
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Departamento de Ingeniería Civil: Hidráulica, Energía y Medio Ambiente, Unidad Docente Ingeniería Sanitaria, C/ Profesor Aranguren, S/n, ES-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ali Akbar Isari
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Mohammad Arjmand
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Farzad Hasanvandian
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Noorisepehr
- Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Babak Kakavandi
- Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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