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Ni Y, Zhang J, Zhang M, Bai Y, Zeng Q. The life expectancy benefits on respiratory diseases gained by reducing the daily concentration of particulate matter to attain different air quality standard targets: findings from a 5-year time-series study in Tianjin, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:68870-68880. [PMID: 35554809 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20610-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The short-term effects of particulate matter (PM) on years of life lost (YLL) have been confirmed by several studies; however, little attention has been paid to the effects of PM on life expectancy from respiratory diseases (RD), especially at the city level. A generalized additive model (GAM) was used to assess the associations between daily PM and YLL of the RD and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) in Tianjin from 2015 to 2019. Then the daily avoidable YLL, attributable fraction, and potential life expectancy benefits (PLEB) of RD and COPD by reducing the daily concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 to attain the Chinese and World Health Organization (WHO) air quality standard targets were estimated during 2015-2019. The stratified analyses by gender were also conducted. A total of 18279 RD and 7767 COPD deaths were included in this study. Per 10 μg/m3 increments in PM2.5 and PM10 at lag1 were significantly associated with 0.83(95%CI: 0.11, 1.55) years and 0.57(95%CI: 0.06, 1.08) years increasing in YLL of total RD and 0.48 (95%CI: 0.07, 0.90) years and 0.30 (95%CI: 0.01, 0.60) years increasing in YLL of total COPD. If the daily PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations decreased to attain the Chinese and WHO air quality standard targets, 0.06-0.39 years PLEB due to total RD and 0.08-0.53 years PLEB due to COPD could be gained. And more PLEB on RD could be gained by decreasing the daily PM concentrations to attain the WHO air quality standard targets than that of attaining the Chinese air quality standard targets. These evidence-based findings emphasize the importance of the Chinese PM-related guideline updating and may have implications for PM-related policy-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ni
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jimian Zhang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengnan Zhang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Bai
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, People's Republic of China.
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.
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Assessing the impact of long-term exposure to nine outdoor air pollutants on COVID-19 spatial spread and related mortality in 107 Italian provinces. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13317. [PMID: 35922645 PMCID: PMC9349267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17215-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper investigates the air quality in 107 Italian provinces in the period 2014-2019 and the association between exposure to nine outdoor air pollutants and the COVID-19 spread and related mortality in the same areas. The methods used were negative binomial (NB) regression, ordinary least squares (OLS) model, and spatial autoregressive (SAR) model. The results showed that (i) common air pollutants-nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10)-were highly and positively correlated with large firms, energy and gas consumption, public transports, and livestock sector; (ii) long-term exposure to NO2, PM2.5, PM10, benzene, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and cadmium (Cd) was positively and significantly correlated with the spread of COVID-19; and (iii) long-term exposure to NO2, O3, PM2.5, PM10, and arsenic (As) was positively and significantly correlated with COVID-19 related mortality. Specifically, particulate matter and Cd showed the most adverse effect on COVID-19 prevalence; while particulate matter and As showed the largest dangerous impact on excess mortality rate. The results were confirmed even after controlling for eighteen covariates and spatial effects. This outcome seems of interest because benzene, BaP, and heavy metals (As and Cd) have not been considered at all in recent literature. It also suggests the need for a national strategy to drive down air pollutant concentrations to cope better with potential future pandemics.
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Jung J, Lee EM, Myung W, Kim H, Kim H, Lee H. Burden of dust storms on years of life lost in Seoul, South Korea: A distributed lag analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 296:118710. [PMID: 34958849 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although dust storms have been associated with adverse health outcomes, studies on the burden of dust storms on deaths are limited. As global warming has induced significant climate changes in recent decades, which have accelerated desertification worldwide, it is necessary to evaluate the burden of dust storm-induced premature mortality using a critical measure of disease burden, such as the years of life lost (YLL). The YLL attributable to dust storms have not been examined to date. This study investigated the association between Asian dust storms (ADS) and the YLL in Seoul, South Korea, during 2002-2013. We conducted a time-series study using a generalized additive model assuming a Gaussian distribution and applied a distributed lag model with a maximum lag of 5 days to investigate the delayed and cumulative effects of ADS on the YLL. We also conducted stratified analyses using the cause of death (respiratory and cardiovascular diseases) and sociodemographic status (sex, age, education level, occupation, and marital status). During the study period, 108 ADS events occurred, and the average daily YLL was 1511 years due to non-accidental causes. The cumulative ADS exposure over the 6-day lag period was associated with a significant increase of 104.7 (95% CI, 31.0-178.5 years) and 34.4 years (4.0-64.7 years) in the YLL due to non-accidental causes and cardiovascular mortality, respectively. Sociodemographic analyses revealed associations between ADS exposure and the YLL in males, both <65 and ≥ 65 years old, those with middle-level education, and the unemployed, unmarried, and widowed (26.5-83.8 years). This study provides new evidence suggesting that exposure to dust storms significantly increases the YLL. Our findings suggest that dust storms are a critical environmental risk affecting premature mortality. These results could contribute to the establishment of public health policies aimed at managing dust storm exposure and reducing premature deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Jung
- Data Management and Statistics Institute, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 27 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido, 10326, South Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Lee
- Department of Health Administration, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26493, South Korea
| | - Woojae Myung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13620, South Korea; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Hyekyeong Kim
- Department of Health Convergence, College of Science and Industry Convergence, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Ho Kim
- Department of Public Health Science, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Kwanak-ro, Kwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Lee
- Department of Health Administration and Management, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, 22 Soonchunhyang-ro, Asan, 31538, South Korea; Department of Software Convergence, Soonchunhyang University Graduate School, 22 Soonchunhyang-ro, Asan, 31538, South Korea.
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Years of Life Lost (YLL) Due to Short-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111467. [PMID: 34769981 PMCID: PMC8582650 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Years of life lost (YLL) as a surrogate of health is important for supporting ambient air pollution related policy decisions. However, there has been little comprehensive evaluation of the short-term impact of air pollution on cause-specific YLL, especially in China. Hence in this study, we selected China as sentinel region in order to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate disease-specific YLL due to all the main ambient air pollutants. (2) Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate disease-specific YLL due to the main ambient air pollutants in China, and 19 studies were included. We conducted methodological quality and risk of bias assessment for each included study as well as for heterogeneity and publication bias. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were also performed. (3) Results: Meta-analysis indicated that increases in PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NO2 were associated with 1.99–5.84 years increase in YLL from non-accidental diseases. The increase in YLL to cardiovascular disease (CVD) was associated with PM10 and NO2, and the increase in YLL to respiratory diseases (RD) was associated with PM10. (4) Conclusions: Ambient air pollution was observed to be associated with several cause-specific YLL, increasing especially for elderly people and females.
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Short-term effect of fine particulate matter and ozone on non-accidental mortality and respiratory mortality in Lishui district, China. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1661. [PMID: 34517854 PMCID: PMC8439017 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11713-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, air pollution has become an imminent problem in China. Few studies have investigated the impact of air pollution on the mortality of the middle-aged and elderly people. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the impact of PM2.5 (fine particulate matter) and O3 (ozone) on non-accidental mortality and respiratory mortality of the middle-aged and elderly people in Lishui District of Nanjing and provide the evidence for potential prevention and control measures of air pollution. Method Using daily mortality and atmospheric monitoring data from 2015 to 2019, we applied a generalized additive model with time-series analysis to evaluate the association of PM2.5 and O3 exposure with daily non-accidental mortality and respiratory mortality in Lishui District. Using the population attributable fractions to estimate the death burden caused by short-term exposure to O3 and PM2.5。. Result For every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, non-accidental mortality increased 0.94% with 95% confidence interval (CI) between 0.05 and 1.83%, and PM2.5 had a more profound impact on females than males. For every 10 μg/m3 increase in O3, respiratory mortality increased 1.35% (95% CI: 0.05, 2.66%) and O3 had a more profound impact on males than females. Compared with the single pollutant model, impact of the two-pollutant model on non-accidental mortality and respiratory mortality slightly decreased. In summer and winter as opposed to the other seasons, O3 had a more obvious impact on non-accidental mortality. The population attributable fractions of non-accidental mortality were 0.84% (95% CI:0.00, 1.63%) for PM2.5 and respiratory mortality were 0.14% (95% CI:0.01, 0.26%) for O3. For every 10 μg/m3 decrease in PM2.5, 122 (95% CI: 6, 237) non-accidental deaths could be avoided. For every 10 μg/m3 decrease in O3, 10 (95% CI: 1, 38) respiratory deaths could be avoided. Conclusion PM2.5 and O3 could significantly increase the risk of non-accidental and respiratory mortality in the middle-aged and elderly people in Lishui District of Nanjing. Exposed to air pollutants, men were more susceptible to O3 damage, and women were more susceptible to PM2.5 damage. Reduction of PM2.5 and O3 concentration in the air may have the potential to avoid considerable loss of lives.
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Zhang F, Zhang H, Wu C, Zhang M, Feng H, Li D, Zhu W. Acute effects of ambient air pollution on clinic visits of college students for upper respiratory tract infection in Wuhan, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:29820-29830. [PMID: 33566291 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollutants have been linked to adverse health outcomes, but evidence is still relatively rare in college students. Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) is a common disease of respiratory system among college students. In this study, we assess the acute effect of air pollution on clinic visits of college students for URTI in Wuhan, China. Data on clinic visits due to URTI were collected from Wuhan University Hospital, meteorological factors (including daily temperature and relative humidity) provided by Wuhan Meteorological Bureau, and air pollutants by Wuhan Environmental Protection Bureau. In the present study, generalized additive model with a quasi-Poisson distribution link function was used to examine the association between ambient air pollutants (fine particulate matter (PM2.5), particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3)) and the daily number of clinic visits of college students for URTI at Wuhan University Hospital in Wuhan, China. In the meantime, the model was adjusted for the confounding effects of long-term trends, seasonality, day of the week, public holidays, vacation, and meteorological factors. The best degrees of free in model were selected based on AIC (Akaike Information Criteria). The effect modification by gender was also examined. A total of 44,499 cases with principal diagnosis of URTI were included from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018. In single-pollutant models, the largest increment of URTI visits were found at lag 0 day in single-day lags, and the effect values in cumulative lags were greater than those in single-day lags. PM2.5 (0.74% (95%CI: 0.05, 1.44)) at lag 0 day, PM10 (0.61% (95%CI: 0.12, 1.11)) and O3 (1.01% (95%CI: 0.24, 1.79)) at lag 0-1 days, and SO2 (9.18% (95%CI: 3.27, 15.42)) and NO2 (3.40% (95% CI:1.64, 5.19)) at lag 0-3 days were observed to be strongly and significantly associated with clinic visits for URTI. PM10 and NO2 were almost still significantly associated with URTI after controlling for the other pollutants in our two-pollutant models, where the effect value of SO2 after inclusion of O3 appeared to be the largest and the effects of NO2 were also obvious compared with the other pollutants. Subgroups analysis demonstrated that males were more vulnerable to PM10 and O3, while females seemed more vulnerable to exposure to SO2 and NO2. This study implied that short-term exposure to ambient air pollution was associated with increased risk of URTI among college students at Wuhan University Hospital in Wuhan, China. And gaseous pollutants had more negative health impact than solid pollutants. SO2 and NO2 were the major air pollutants affecting the daily number of clinic visits on URTI, to which females seemed more vulnerable than males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faxue Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Chuangxin Wu
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Miaoxuan Zhang
- Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Huan Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Dejia Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Yi X, Liu S. Impact of environmental factors on pulmonary tuberculosis in multi-levels industrial upgrading area of China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110768. [PMID: 33548291 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present paper, an association between the growth rate of PTB and the environmental impacting elements in the pearl river delta region and the closed industry related cities in China is studied. We summarized the characteristics of different industry characteristics in this region by three echelons of urban agglomerations conducted by K-means clustering model on the time series of their monthly AQI data. To determine the impact of environmental factors on the increase of PTB, the SMLR in GLM has been applied. We then measured the seasonal effect and suggest the spring to be the leading season which keep the highest possibility of the incidence of PTB. Besides giving the analysis by fixed meteorological factors, we presented a sensitive analysis with a variation of precipitation. The Genetic algorithms (GAs) is used to determine the "tolerant" interval and as the results, the width of "tolerant" almost keep a declining trend as the precipitation increasing except when the precipitation comes the interval [68,74]. In addition, with the precipitation increasing higher than 64 mm, the "tolerant" for the AQI values from the first and the second echelon both trend to decline, and a lenient environmental policy currently may easily cause a rapid development of PTB growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yi
- Business School, City College of Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523419, PR China.
| | - Shixiao Liu
- Public Health School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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Wu Z, Li J, Huang J, Wang Y, Cao R, Yin P, Wang L, Zeng Q, Pan X, Zhou M, Li G. Ambient sulfur dioxide and years of life lost from stroke in China: a time-series analysis in 48 cities. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:128857. [PMID: 33183785 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a ubiquitous air pollutant and its concentration in China remains at a higher level in the world. However, evidence regarding short-term effect of SO2 on years of life lost (YLL) from stroke is scarce. We aim to estimate the short-term association between SO2 pollution and YLL for stroke and the related excess life years and economic loss. METHODS A national time-series study was conducted in 48 Chinese cities from 2013 to 2017. Generalized additive model coupled with random-effects model were used to explore the effects of SO2 on YLL from stroke. Stratified analyses were performed by demographical and geographical factors, and the effect modification of city-level factors was estimated. In addition, the related economic loss was calculated using the method of the value per statistical life year (VSLY). RESULTS Averaged daily mean SO2 concentration was 27.1 μg/m3 in 48 Chinese cities from 2013 to 2017. Per 10 μg/m3 increase in the concentration of SO2 (lag03) was associated with an increment of 0.70% (95% confidence interval: 0.27%,1.13%), 0.51% (-0.01%,1.04%), 0.71% (0.14%,1.28%) increase in YLL from total stroke, hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, respectively. The effect of short-term ambient SO2 exposure on YLL from stroke was more pronounced in the less-educated population and those living in the south. The corresponding excess economic loss during the study period due to SO2-related YLL from stroke accounted for 0.08% (0.03%, 0.13%) of the GDP in China. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence from China that short-term exposure to SO2 is positively associated with YLL from stroke and its major subtypes in certain subgroups of population. This study calls for greater awareness of the adverse health effect due to SO2 in China and other developing countries, as well as local-specific implementation of air pollution mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziting Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ru Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Peng Yin
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, PR China
| | - Xiaochuan Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Guoxing Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Eupatilin Inhibits Reactive Oxygen Species Generation via Akt/NF-κB/MAPK Signaling Pathways in Particulate Matter-Exposed Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9020038. [PMID: 33670750 PMCID: PMC7922545 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Eupatilin is an active flavon extracted from the Artemisia species and has properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer. We examined the effect of eupatilin using fine particulate matter (FPM) and human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) to confirm the potential of eupatilin as a therapeutic agent for respiratory diseases caused by FPM. Methods: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were checked by flow cytometry to identify if FPM and eupatilin affect ROS production. Western blotting was performed to identify the mechanism of action of eupatilin in FPM-exposed BEAS-2B cells. Results: When cells were exposed to FPM above 12.5 μg/mL concentration for 24 h, ROS production increased significantly compared to the control. When eupatilin was added to cells exposed to FPM, the ROS level decreased proportionally with the eupatilin dose. The phosphorylation of Akt, NF-κB p65, and p38 MAPK induced by FPM was significantly reduced by eupatilin, respectively. Conclusion: FPM cause respiratory disease by producing ROS in bronchial epithelial cells. Eupatilin has been shown to inhibit ROS production through altering signaling pathways. The ROS inhibiting property of eupatilin can be exploited in FPM induced respiratory disorders.
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Yang Y, Qi J, Ruan Z, Yin P, Zhang S, Liu J, Liu Y, Li R, Wang L, Lin H. Changes in Life Expectancy of Respiratory Diseases from Attaining Daily PM2.5 Standard in China: A Nationwide Observational Study. Innovation (N Y) 2020; 1:100064. [PMID: 34557725 PMCID: PMC8454686 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2020.100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although exposure to air pollution increases the risk of premature mortality and years of life lost (YLL), the effects of daily air quality improvement to the life expectancy of respiratory diseases remained unclear. We applied a generalized additive model (GAM) to assess the associations between daily PM2.5 exposure and YLL from respiratory diseases in 96 Chinese cities during 2013–2016. We further estimated the avoidable YLL, potential gains in life expectancy, and the attributable fraction by assuming daily PM2.5 concentration decrease to the air quality standards of China and World Health Organization. Regional and national results were generated by random-effects meta-analysis. A total of 861,494 total respiratory diseases and 586,962 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) caused death from 96 Chinese cities were recorded during study period. Each 10 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5 in 3-day moving average (lag02) was associated with 0.16 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.24) years increment in life expectancy from total respiratory diseases. The highest effect was observed in Southwest region with 0.42 (95% CI: 0.22, 0.62) years increase in life expectancy. By attaining the WHO's Air Quality Guidelines, we estimated that an average of 782.09 (95% CI: 438.29, 1125.89) YLLs caused by total respiratory death in each city could be avoided, which corresponded to 1.15% (95% CI: 0.67%, 1.64%) of the overall YLLs, and 0.12 (95% CI: 0.07, 0.17) years increment in life expectancy. The results of COPD were generally consistent with total respiratory diseases. Our findings indicate that reduction in daily PM2.5 concentrations might lead to longer life expectancy from respiratory death. This is a nationwide time-series study in 96 Chinese cities PM2.5 level was associated with increased risk of respiratory death PM2.5 level was associated with increased years of life lost of respiratory death Daily PM2.5 reduction might lead to longer life expectancy from respiratory death
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Tao C, Zhang Y, Gao K. Machine vision analysis on abnormal respiratory conditions of mice inhaling particles containing cadmium. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:600-610. [PMID: 30576895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inhalable environmental toxicants can induce pulmonary malfunction resulting abnormal respiratory conditions. The traditional methods currently available to detect the respiratory condition of animals rely on differential pressure transducers and signal amplifiers. In comparison, current machine vision application requires little hardware. But it is unsuitable for respiratory condition tests of experimental animals reflecting respiratory toxicities of inhalable pollutants. In this study, we establish a new automatic method of machine vision analysis using a model that has mice inhaling aqueous aerosol with different concentrations of CdCl2 (0, 1, 3, 5 mM 2 h/day) for 7 days as simulant occupational exposure of inhalable Cd and analyze respiratory conditions such as respiratory rate, rhythm index, drive index and exchange index. Additionally, the models with different degrees of lung damage in mice are further tested and verified by the concentrations of cadmium accumulated in the lungs and the analyses on pulmonary porosity, fibrosis and inflammation. Machine vision analysis can identify the abnormal respiratory conditions of mice. Respiratory rate and rhythm index increase after exposure to cadmium. In the individuals with mild lung damage, respiratory drive index and exchange index in treatment group are higher than that in the control group, and in individuals with severe lung damage, these indices are similar to that of the control group. These abnormal respiratory conditions related to variable lung damage in mice demonstrate that the respiration is synchronously influenced by inhalable Cd and respiratory compensation according to normal physiological regulation, suggesting the present method is effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Ke Gao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Zeng Q, Ni Y, Li G, Wang D, Li P, Zheng W, Wang X, Jiang G. The quantitative assessment of the public excess disease burden advanced by inhalable particulate matter under different air quality standard targets in Tianjin, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:6931-6938. [PMID: 30637523 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the quantitative assessment of the public excess risk for the update of the air quality guidelines only considered the mortality and morbidity without disease burden indicators. To provide evidences for the update of air quality guidelines and the policy analysis of air control, a simple framework to identify the excess disease burden of PM10 was used in this study. Daily data on PM10, meteorological factors, and deaths were collected in this 10-year (2001-2010) time series study in Tianjin, China. The excess disease burden advanced by PM10 was assessed when the PM10 levels exceeded the expected levels. Generalized additive model was used to estimate the associations of PM10 with mortality and years of life lost (YLL). Our study found that the exposure of PM10 was associated with the increasing of mortality and YLL in different diseases. The excess deaths and YLL of different diseases advanced by PM10 when the PM10 levels exceeded the expected levels were high and showed a decreasing trend from 2001 to 2010. The annual deaths and YLL standardized per million population advanced by PM10 when the annual PM10 levels exceeded the China national ambient air quality secondary standard targets (70 μg/m3) and WHO guideline (20 μg/m3) were 126 persons, 2670 person years and 260 persons, 5449 person years, respectively. This study may provide a simple framework to identify the excess disease burden of PM and provide basic and intuitive evidences to update the air quality guidelines. Furthermore, these findings may also provide decisionmakers with intuitive quantitative information for policymaking and emphasize health considerations in air quality policy discussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zeng
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Ni
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300011, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxing Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Dezheng Wang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300011, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Li
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300011, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Zheng
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300011, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohong Jiang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300011, People's Republic of China.
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Zhou H, Wang T, Zhou F, Liu Y, Zhao W, Wang X, Chen H, Cui Y. Ambient Air Pollution and Daily Hospital Admissions for Respiratory Disease in Children in Guiyang, China. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:400. [PMID: 31681705 PMCID: PMC6797835 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the association between ambient air pollutant exposure and daily hospital admissions for respiratory diseases in children in Guiyang. Methods: Clinical data of pediatric inpatients with respiratory disease from 2009 to 2016 in Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital and PM2.5, NO2, PM10, and SO2 concentration data were retrieved. A canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was applied to analyse the association between air pollutants and daily hospital admissions for respiratory diseases. A reproducibility analysis was applied to analyse the association between air pollution and the duration and direct cost of hospitalization. The support vector regression (SVR) method was applied to determine whether air pollution data could predict the daily hospital admissions for the upcoming day. Results: A total of 10,876 inpatients with respiratory diseases were included between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2016. The CCA showed significant correlations between air pollution and daily hospital admissions (r = 0.3564, p < 0.001), the duration of hospitalization (r = 0.2911, p < 0.001) and the economic cost of hospitalization (r = 0.2933, p < 0.001) for respiratory disease. PM10 contributed most to daily hospital admissions for respiratory disease; the concentration the day before hospitalization contributed most to the daily hospital admissions for respiratory disease. There was a slightly stronger correlation between air pollution and respiratory disease in children aged 2-18 years (R = 0.36 vs. R = 0.31 in those under 2 years old). No significant difference was found between male and female patients. The prediction analysis showed that air pollution could successfully predict daily pediatric inpatient hospital admissions (R = 0.378, permutation p < 0.001). Conclusions: Air pollution was significantly associated with hospital admissions, hospitalization duration and the economic cost of hospitalization in children with respiratory diseases. The maximum effect occurred on the day before hospitalization. The effect of PM10 on daily pediatric inpatient hospital admissions for respiratory disease was the greatest among the pollutants evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Neurology Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Otolaryngological Department, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Weiqing Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xike Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Heng Chen
- Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuxia Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Sun W, Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Cao L, Chen W. The Trends in Cardiovascular Diseases and Respiratory Diseases Mortality in Urban and Rural China, 1990-2015. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E1391. [PMID: 29140293 PMCID: PMC5708030 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14111391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of the economy over the past 20 years, the mortality rates from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and respiratory diseases (RDs) have changed in China. This study aimed to analyze the trends of mortality rates and years of life lost (YLLs) from CVDs and RDs in the rural and urban population from 1990 to 2015. Using data from Chinese yearbooks, joinpoint regression analysis was employed to estimate the annual percent change (APC) of mortality rates from CVDs and RDs. YLLs due to CVDs and RDs were calculated by a standard method, adopting recommended standard life expectancy at birth values of 80 years for men and 82.5 years for women. Age-standardized mortality rates and YLL rates were calculated by using the direct method based on the Chinese population from the sixth population census of 2010. Age-standardized mortality rates from CVDs for urban residents and from RDs for both urban and rural residents showed decreasing trends in China from 1990 to 2015. Age-standardized mortality rates from CVDs among rural residents remained constant during above period and outstripped those among urban residents gradually. The age-standardized YLL rates of CVDs for urban and rural residents decreased 35.2% and 8.3% respectively. Additionally, the age-standardized YLL rates of RDs for urban and rural residents decreased 64.2% and 79.0% respectively. The age-standardized mortality and YLL rates from CVDs and RDs gradually decreased in China from 1990 to 2015. We observed more substantial declines of the mortality rates from CVDs in urban areas and from RDs in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Sun
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Zhuang Zhang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Limin Cao
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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