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Danso OP, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Niu S, Wang Y, Wu G, Wang X, Zheng L, Dai J, Yin X, Zhu R. Effects of foliar selenium, biochar, and pig manure on cadmium accumulation in rice grains and assessment of health risk. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 256:119160. [PMID: 38754613 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Addressing cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural lands is crucial, given its health implications and accumulation in crops. This study used pot experiments to evaluate the impact of foliar selenium spray (Se) (0.40 mM), corn straw biochar (1%), and pig manure (1%) on the growth of rice plants, the accumulation of Cd in rice grain, and to examine their influence on health risk indices associated with Cd exposure. The treatments were designated as follows: a control group without any amendment (CK), biochar (T1), pig manure (T2), Se (T3), Se and biochar (T4), Se and pig manure (T5), and Se along with biochar and pig manure (T6). Our results indicated that the treatments affected soil pH and redox potential and improved growth and the nitrogen and phosphorus content in rice plants. The soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) meter readings of leaves during the tillering stage indicated a 5.27%-15.86% increase in treatments T2 to T6 compared to CK. The flag leaves of T2 exhibited increases of 12.06%-38.94% for electrolyte leakage and an 82.61%-91.60% decline in SOD compared to treatments T3 to T6. Treatments T1 to T6 increased protein content; however, amylose content was significantly reduced in T6. Treatment T6 recorded the lowest Cd concentration in rice grains (0.018 mg/kg), while T2 recorded the highest (0.051 mg/kg). The CK treatment group showed a grain Cd content reduction of 29.30% compared to T2. The assessment of acceptable daily intake, hazard quotient, and carcinogenic risk revealed an ascending order as follows: T6 < T3 < T5 < T4 < T1 < CK < T2. In conclusion, the application of treatment T6 demonstrates the potential to lower oxidative stress, enhance production, reduce cancer risk, and ensure the safe cultivation of rice in environments affected by Cd contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofori Prince Danso
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; Nanjing Institute of Functional Agriculture Science and Technology (iFAST), Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210031, China
| | - Zhangmin Wang
- Nanjing Institute of Functional Agriculture Science and Technology (iFAST), Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210031, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215009, China
| | - Zezhou Zhang
- Institute of Functional Agriculture (Food) Science and Technology (iFAST) at Yangtze River Delta, Chuzhou, Anhui, 239050, China
| | - Shanshan Niu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; Nanjing Institute of Functional Agriculture Science and Technology (iFAST), Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210031, China
| | - Yuanqi Wang
- Faculty of Agriculture, Functional Agriculture Research Institute, Taigu, Shanxi, 30801, China
| | - Gege Wu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Functional Agriculture Research Institute, Taigu, Shanxi, 30801, China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- Faculty of Agriculture, Functional Agriculture Research Institute, Taigu, Shanxi, 30801, China
| | - Li Zheng
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Jun Dai
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Xuebin Yin
- Institute of Functional Agriculture Science and Technology (iFAST) at Yangtze River Delta, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, Anhui, 239050, China; National Innovation Center for Functional Rice, Nanjing Institute of Functional Agriculture Science and Technology (iFAST), Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210031, China.
| | - Renbin Zhu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
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2
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Yasmin K, Hossain MS, Li WC. Simultaneous immobilization strategy of anionic metalloids and cationic metals in agricultural systems: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143106. [PMID: 39153530 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Concurrent heavy metals remediation in natural environments poses significant challenges due to factors like metal speciation and interactions with soil moisture. This review focuses on strategies for immobilizing both anionic and cationic metals simultaneously in soil-crop systems. Key approaches include water management, biochar utilization, stabilizing agents, nanotechnology, fertilization, and bioremediation. Sprinkler or intermittent irrigation combined with soil amendments/biochar effectively immobilizes As/Cd/Pb simultaneously. This immobilization occurs through continuous adsorption-desorption, oxidation-reduction, and precipitation mechanisms influenced by soil pH, redox reactions, and Fe-oxides. Biochar from sources like wine lees, sewage sludge, spent coffee, and Fe-nanoparticles can immobilize As/Cd/Pb/Cr/Co/Cu/Zn together via precipitation. In addition, biochar from rice, wheat, corn straw, rice husk, sawdust, and wood chips, modified with chemicals or nanoparticles, simultaneously immobilizes As and Cd, containing higher Fe3O4, Fe-oxide, and OH groups. Ligand exchange immobilizes As, while ion exchange immobilizes Cd. Furthermore, combining biochar especially with iron, hydroxyapatite, magnetite, goethite, silicon, graphene, alginate, compost, and microbes-can achieve simultaneous immobilization. Other effective amendments are selenium fertilizer, Ge-nanocomposites, Fe-Si materials, ash, hormone, and sterilization. Notably, combining nano-biochar with microbes and/or fertilizers with Fe-containing higher adsorption sites, metal-binding cores, and maintaining a neutral pH could stimulate simultaneous immobilization. The amendments have a positive impact on soil physio-chemical improvement and crop development. Crops enhance production of growth metabolites, hormones, and xylem tissue thickening, forming a protective barrier by root Fe-plaque containing higher Fe-oxide, restricting upward metal movement. Therefore, a holistic immobilization mechanism reduces plant oxidative damage, improves soil and crop quality, and reduces food contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadeza Yasmin
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 999077, China; Department of Soil Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Shahadat Hossain
- Department of Soil Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh.
| | - Wai Chin Li
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 999077, China.
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Zhang X, Zhang P, Wei X, Peng H, Hu L, Zhu X. Migration, transformation of arsenic, and pollution controlling strategies in paddy soil-rice system: A comprehensive review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175500. [PMID: 39151637 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic pollution in paddy fields has become a public concern by seriously threatening rice growth, food security and human health. In this review, we delve into the biogeochemical behaviors of arsenic in paddy soil-rice system, systemically revealing the complexity of its migration and transformation processes, including the release of arsenic from soil to porewater, uptake and translocation of arsenic by rice plants, as well as transformation of arsenic species mediated by microorganism. Especially, microbial processes like reduction, oxidation and methylation of arsenic, and the coupling of arsenic with carbon, iron, sulfur, nitrogen cycling through microbes and related mechanisms were highlighted. Environmental factors like pH, redox potential, organic matter, minerals, nutrient elements, microorganisms and periphyton significantly influence these processes through different pathways, which are discussed in this review. Furthermore, the current progress in remediation strategies, including agricultural interventions, passivation, phytoremediation and microbial remediation is explored, and their potential and limitations are analyzed to address the gaps. This review offers comprehensive perspectives on the complicated behaviors of arsenic and influence factors in paddy soil-rice system, and provides a scientific basis for developing effective arsenic pollution control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China.
| | - Panli Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Hanyong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ligang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China.
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Mabagala FS, Zhang T, Zeng X, He C, Shan H, Qiu C, Gao X, Zhang N, Su S. A review of amendments for simultaneously reducing Cd and As availability in paddy soils and rice grain based on meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121661. [PMID: 38991353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice grains is a global food safety issue, and various methods and materials have been used to remove or reduce As and Cd in agricultural soils and rice grains. Despite the availability of synthesized materials capable of simultaneous As and Cd reduction from soil and rice grains, the contributions, efficiency, and main ingredients of the materials for As and Cd immobilization remain unclear. The present study first summarized the biogeochemistry of As and Cd in paddy soils and their transfer in the soil-food-human continuum. We also reviewed a series of reported inorganic and organic materials for simultaneous immobilization of As and Cd in paddy soils, and their reduction efficiency of As and Cd bioavailability were listed and compared. Based on the abovementioned materials, the study conducted a meta-analysis of 38 articles with 2565 observations to quantify the impacts of materials on simultaneous As and Cd reduction from soil and rice grains. Meta-analysis results showed that combining organic and inorganic amendments corresponded to effect sizes of -62.3% and -67.8% on As and Cd accumulation in rice grains, while the effect sizes on As and Cd reduction in paddy soils were -44.2% and -46.2%, respectively. Application of Fe based materials significantly (P < 0.05) reduced As (-54.2%) and Cd (-74.9%), accounting for the highest immobilization efficiency of As and Cd in rice grain among all the reviewed materials, outweighing S, Mn, P, Si, and Ca based materials. Moreover, precipitation, surface complexation, ion exchange, and electrostatic attraction mechanisms were involved in the co-immobilization tactics. The present study underlines the application of combined organic and inorganic amendments in simultaneous As and Cd immobilization. It also highlighted that employing Fe-incorporated biochar material may be a potential strategy for co-mitigating As and Cd pollution in paddy soils and accumulation in rice grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Stephano Mabagala
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, PR China; Tanzania Agricultural Research Institution (TARI), TARI-Mlingano Centre, P.O. Box 5088, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, PR China; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Xibai Zeng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Chao He
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Hong Shan
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Cheng Qiu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Xizang Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, 850000, PR China
| | - Xue Gao
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Xizang Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, 850000, PR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Shiming Su
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, PR China
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Dai Z, Yu L, Ma P, Wang Y, An S, Liu M. Synergistic effects of silicon and goethite co-application in alleviating cadmium stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.): Insights into plant growth and iron plaque formation mechanisms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116570. [PMID: 38896902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Rice is one of the most important staple food crops; however, it is prone to cadmium (Cd) accumulation, which has negative health effects. Therefore, methods to reduce Cd uptake by rice are necessary. At present, there is limited research on the effects of co-application of silicon (Si) and goethite in mitigating Cd stress in rice. Furthermore, the specific mechanisms underlying the effects of their combined application on iron plaque formation in rice roots remain unclear. Therefore, this study analyzed the effects of the combined application of Si and goethite on the biomass, physiological stress indicators, Cd concentration, and iron plaques of rice using hydroponic experiments. The results revealed that co-treatment with both Si and goethite increased the plant height and dry weight, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, photosynthetic pigment concentration, and root activity. Moreover, this treatment decreased the malondialdehyde concentration, repaired epidermal cells, reduced the Cd concentration in the roots by 57.2 %, and increased the number of iron plaques and Cd concentration by 150.9 % and 266.2 % in the amorphous and crystalline fractions, respectively. The Cd/Fe ratio in amorphous iron plaques also increased. Our findings suggest that goethite serves as a raw material for iron plaque formation, while Si enhances the oxidation capacity of rice roots. The application of a combination of Si and goethite increases the quantity and quality of iron plaques, enhancing its Cd fixation capacity. This study provides theoretical evidence for the effective inhibition of Cd uptake by iron plaques in rice, providing insights into methods for the remediation of Cd contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyi Dai
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Lei Yu
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Pan Ma
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Yaojing Wang
- College of Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Shuai An
- Shenyang Center of the China Geological Survey, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, China
| | - Mingda Liu
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
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6
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Liu M, Xu R, Cui X, Hou D, Zhao P, Cheng Y, Qi Y, Duan G, Fan G, Lin A, Tan X, Xiao Y. Effects of remediation agents on rice and soil in toxic metal(loid)s contaminated paddy fields: A global meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171656. [PMID: 38490416 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Toxic metal(loid)s contamination of paddy soil is a nonnegligible issue and threatens food safety considering that it is transmitted via the soil-plant system. Applying remediation agents could effectively inhibit the soil available toxic metal(loid)s and reduce their accumulation in rice. To comprehensively quantify how remediation agents impact the accumulation of Cd/Pb/As in rice, rice growth and yield, the accumulation of available Cd/Pb/As in paddy soil, and soil characteristics, 50 peer-reviewed publications were selected for meta-analysis. Overall, the application of remediation agents exhibited significant positive effects on rice plant length (ES = 0.05, CI = 0.01-0.08), yield (ES = 0.20, CI = 0.13-0.27), peroxidase (ES = 0.56, CI = 0.18-0.31), photosynthetic rate (ES = 0.47, CI = 0.34-0.61), and respiration rate (ES = 0.68, CI = 0.47-0.88). Among the different types of remediation agents, biochar was the most effective in controlling the accumulation of Cd/Pb/As in all portions of rice, and was also superior in inhibiting the accumulation of Pb in rice grains (ES = -0.59, 95 % CI = -1.04-0.13). This study offers an essential contribution for the remediation strategies of toxic metal(loid)s contaminated paddy fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqing Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuedan Cui
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Daibing Hou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengjie Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhao Cheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Qi
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Guilan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Fan
- Henan ENERGY Storage Technology Co., Ltd., People's Republic of China
| | - Aijun Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Tan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
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Wu J, Fu X, Zhao L, Lv J, Lv S, Shang J, Lv J, Du S, Guo H, Ma F. Biochar as a partner of plants and beneficial microorganisms to assist in-situ bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171442. [PMID: 38453085 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Synergistic remediation of heavy metal (HM) contaminated soil using beneficial microorganisms (BM) and plants is a common and effective in situ bioremediation method. However, the shortcomings of this approach are the low colonisation of BM under high levels of heavy metal stress (HMS) and the poor state of plant growth. Previous studies have overlooked the potential of biochar to mitigate the above problems and aid in-situ remediation. Therefore, this paper describes the characteristics and physicochemical properties of biochar. It is proposed that biochar enhances plant resistance to HMS and aids in situ bioremediation by increasing colonisation of BM and HM stability. On this basis, the paper focuses on the following possible mechanisms: specific biochar-derived organic matter regulates the transport of HMs in plants and promotes mycorrhizal colonisation via the abscisic acid signalling pathway and the karrikin signalling pathway; promotes the growth-promoting pathway of indole-3-acetic acid and increases expression of the nodule-initiating gene NIN; improvement of soil HM stability by ion exchange, electrostatic adsorption, redox and complex precipitation mechanisms. And this paper summarizes guidelines on how to use biochar-assisted remediation based on current research for reference. Finally, the paper identifies research gaps in biochar in the direction of promoting beneficial microbial symbiotic mechanisms, recognition and function of organic molecules, and factors affecting practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieting Wu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
| | - Xiaofan Fu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jin Lv
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Sidi Lv
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Jing Shang
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Jiaxuan Lv
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Shuxuan Du
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Haijuan Guo
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Sui F, Xue Z, Shao K, Hao Z, Ge H, Cui L, Quan G, Yan J. Iron-modified biochar inhibiting Cd uptake in rice by Cd co-deposition with Fe oxides in the rice rhizosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:26099-26111. [PMID: 38492143 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Fe-enriched biochar has proven to be effective in reducing Cd uptake in rice plants by enhancing iron plaque formation. However, the effect of Fe on biochar, especially the biochar with high S content, for Cd immobilization in rice rhizosphere was not fully understood. To obtain eco-friendly Fe-loaded biochar at a low cost, garlic straw, bean straw, and rape straw were chosen as the feedstocks for Fe-enhanced biochar production by co-pyrolysis with Fe2O3. The resulting biochars and Fe-loaded biochars were GBC, BBC, BRE, GBC-Fe, BBC-Fe, and BRE-Fe, respectively. XRD and FTIR analyses showed that Fe was successfully loaded onto the biochar. The pristine and Fe-containing biochars were applied at rates of 0% (BC0) and 0.1% in pot experiments. Results suggested that BBC-Fe caused the highest reduction in Cd content of rice grain, and the reductions were 67.9% and 31.4%, compared with BC0 and BBC, respectively. Compared to BBC, BBC-Fe effectively reduced Cd uptake in rice roots by 47.5%. The exchangeable and acid-soluble fraction of Cd (F1-Cd) in soil with BBC-Fe treatment was 37.6% and 63.7% lower than that of BC0 and BBC, respectively. Compared to BC0, soil pH was increased by 0.53 units with BBC-Fe treatment. BBC-Fe significantly increased Fe oxides (free Fe oxides, amorphous Fe oxides, and complex Fe oxides) content in the soil as well. DGT study demonstrated that BBC-Fe could enhance the mobility of sulfate in the rhizosphere, which might be beneficial for Cd fixation in the rhizosphere. Moreover, BBC-Fe increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Clostridia, which might be beneficial for Cd immobilization in the rhizosphere. This work highlights the synergistic effect of loaded Fe and biochar on Cd immobilization by enhancing Cd deposited with Fe oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfeng Sui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, No. 211 Jianjun East Road, Yancheng, 224051, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Biomass Waste Pyrolytic Carbonization & Application, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Zhongjun Xue
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kangle Shao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, No. 211 Jianjun East Road, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Zikang Hao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, No. 211 Jianjun East Road, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Haochuan Ge
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, No. 211 Jianjun East Road, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Liqiang Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, No. 211 Jianjun East Road, Yancheng, 224051, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Biomass Waste Pyrolytic Carbonization & Application, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Guixiang Quan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, No. 211 Jianjun East Road, Yancheng, 224051, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Biomass Waste Pyrolytic Carbonization & Application, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Jinlong Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, No. 211 Jianjun East Road, Yancheng, 224051, China.
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Biomass Waste Pyrolytic Carbonization & Application, Yancheng, 224051, China.
- Industrial Technology Research Institute of YCIT, Yancheng, 224051, China.
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9
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Mridha D, Sarkar J, Majumdar A, Sarkar K, Maiti A, Acharya K, Das M, Chen H, Niazi NK, Roychowdhury T. Evaluation of iron-modified biochar on arsenic accumulation by rice: a pathway to assess human health risk from cooked rice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:23549-23567. [PMID: 38421541 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) contamination of rice grain poses a serious threat to human health. Therefore, it is crucial to reduce the bioavailability of As in the soil and its accumulation in rice grains to ensure the safety of food and human health. In this study, mango (Mangifera indica) leaf-derived biochars (MBC) were synthesized and modified with iron (Fe) to produce FeMBC. In this study, 0.5 and 1% (w/w) doses of MBC and FeMBC were used. The results showed that 1% FeMBC enhanced the percentage of filled grains/panicle and biomass yield by 17 and 27%, respectively, compared to the control. The application of 0.5 and 1% FeMBC significantly (p < 0.05) reduced bioavailable soil As concentration by 33 and 48%, respectively, in comparison to the control. The even higher As flux in the control group as compared to the biochar-treated groups indicates the lower As availability to biochar-treated rice plant. The concentration of As in rice grains was reduced by 6 and 31% in 1% MBC and 1% FeMBC, respectively, compared to the control. The reduction in As concentration in rice grain under 1% FeMBC was more pronounced due to reduced bioavailability of As and enhanced formation of Fe-plaque. This may restrict the entry of As through the rice plant. The concentrations of micronutrients (such as Fe, Zn, Se, and Mn) in brown rice were also improved after the application of both MBC and FeMBC in comparison to the control. This study indicates that the consumption of parboiled rice reduces the health risk associated with As compared to cooked sunned rice. It emphasizes that 1% MBC and 1% FeMBC have great potential to decrease the uptake of As in rice grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepanjan Mridha
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Jit Sarkar
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Arnab Majumdar
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Kunal Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Anupam Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Madhusudan Das
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Agriculture, Fisheries and Human Sciences, The University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR, USA
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Tarit Roychowdhury
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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10
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Khaliq MA, Alsudays IM, Alhaithloul HAS, Rizwan M, Yong JWH, Ur Rahman S, Sagir M, Bashir S, Ali H, Hongchao Z. Biochar impacts on carbon dioxide, methane emission, and cadmium accumulation in rice from Cd-contaminated soils; A meta-analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 274:116204. [PMID: 38489905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Climate change and cadmium (Cd) contamination pose severe threats to rice production and food security. Biochar (BC) has emerged as a promising soil amendment for mitigating these challenges. To investigate the BC effects on paddy soil upon GHG emissions, Cd bioavailability, and its accumulation, a meta-analysis of published data from 2000 to 2023 was performed. Data Manager 5.3 and GetData plot Digitizer software were used to obtain and process the data for selected parameters. Our results showed a significant increase of 18% in soil pH with sewage sludge BC application, while 9% increase in soil organic carbon (SOC) using bamboo chips BC. There was a significant reduction in soil bulk density (8%), but no significant effects were observed for soil porosity, except for wheat straw BC which reduced the soil porosity by 6%. Sewage sludge and bamboo chips BC significantly reduced carbon dioxide (CO2) by 7-8% while municipal biowaste reduced methane (CH4) emissions by 2%. In the case of heavy metals, sunflower seedshells-derived materials and rice husk BC significantly reduced the bioavailable Cd in paddy soils by 24% and 12%, respectively. Cd uptake by rice roots was lowered considerably by the addition of kitchen waste (22%), peanut hulls (21%), and corn cob (15%) based BC. Similarly, cotton sticks, kitchen waste, peanut hulls, and rice husk BC restricted Cd translocation from rice roots to shoots by 22%, 27%, 20%, and 19%, respectively, while sawdust and rice husk-based BC were effective for reducing Cd accumulation in rice grains by 25% and 13%. Regarding rice yield, cotton sticks-based BC significantly increased the yield by 37% in Cd-contaminated paddy soil. The meta-analysis demonstrated that BC is an effective and multi-pronged strategy for sustainable and resilient rice cultivation by lowering greenhouse gas emissions and Cd accumulation while improving yields under the increasing threat of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Athar Khaliq
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tian-shui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | | | | | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Jean Wan Hong Yong
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp 23456, Sweden.
| | - Shafeeq Ur Rahman
- Water Science and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Muhammad Sagir
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Safdar Bashir
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32000, Pakistan
| | - Habib Ali
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Zuo Hongchao
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tian-shui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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11
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Chen Y, Yang W, Zou Y, Wu Y, Mao W, Zhang J, Zia-Ur-Rehman M, Wang B, Wu P. Quantification of the effect of biochar application on heavy metals in paddy systems: Impact, mechanisms and future prospects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168874. [PMID: 38029988 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) has shown great potential in remediating heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) contamination in paddy fields. Variation in feedstock sources, pyrolysis temperatures, modification methods, and application rates of BC can result in great changes in its effects on HM bioavailability and bioaccumulation in soil-rice systems and remediation mechanisms. Meanwhile, there is a lack of application guidelines for BC with specific properties and application rates when targeting rice fields contaminated with certain HMs. To elucidate this topic, this review focuses on i) the effects of feedstock type, pyrolysis temperature, and modification method on the properties of BC; ii) the changes in bioavailability and bioaccumulation of HMs in soil-rice systems applying BC with different feedstocks, pyrolysis temperatures, modification methods, and application rates; and iii) exploration of potential remediation mechanisms for applying BC to reduce the mobility and bioaccumulation of HMs in rice field systems. In general, the application of Fe/Mn modified organic waste (OW) derived BC for mid-temperature pyrolysis is still a well-optimized choice for the remediation of HM contamination in rice fields. From the viewpoint of remediation efficiency, the application rate of BC should be appropriately increased to immobilize Cd, Pb, and Cu in rice paddies, while the application rate of BC for immobilizing As should be <2.0 % (w/w). The mechanism of remediation of HM-contaminated rice fields by applying BC is mainly the direct adsorption of HMs by BC in soil pore water and the mediation of soil microenvironmental changes. In addition, the application of Fe/Mn modified BC induced the formation of iron plaque (IP) on the root surface of rice, which reduced the uptake of HM by the plant. Finally, this paper describes the prospects and challenges for the extension of various BCs for the remediation of HM contamination in paddy fields and makes some suggestions for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wentao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Yuzheng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuhong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenjian Mao
- Guizhou Environment and Engineering Appraisal Center, Guiyang, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Pan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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12
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Murtaza G, Ahmed Z, Valipour M, Ali I, Usman M, Iqbal R, Zulfiqar U, Rizwan M, Mahmood S, Ullah A, Arslan M, Rehman MHU, Ditta A, Tariq A. Recent trends and economic significance of modified/functionalized biochars for remediation of environmental pollutants. Sci Rep 2024; 14:217. [PMID: 38167973 PMCID: PMC10762257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50623-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The pollution of soil and aquatic systems by inorganic and organic chemicals has become a global concern. Economical, eco-friendly, and sustainable solutions are direly required to alleviate the deleterious effects of these chemicals to ensure human well-being and environmental sustainability. In recent decades, biochar has emerged as an efficient material encompassing huge potential to decontaminate a wide range of pollutants from soil and aquatic systems. However, the application of raw biochars for pollutant remediation is confronting a major challenge of not getting the desired decontamination results due to its specific properties. Thus, multiple functionalizing/modification techniques have been introduced to alter the physicochemical and molecular attributes of biochars to increase their efficacy in environmental remediation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in developing multiple functionalized/modified biochars via biological and other physiochemical techniques. Related mechanisms and further applications of multiple modified biochar in soil and water systems remediation have been discussed and summarized. Furthermore, existing research gaps and challenges are discussed, as well as further study needs are suggested. This work epitomizes the scientific prospects for a complete understanding of employing modified biochar as an efficient candidate for the decontamination of polluted soil and water systems for regenerative development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Murtaza
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China.
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang, 848300, China.
| | - Mohammad Valipour
- Department of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80217, USA
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Center for Plant Science and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Charbagh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Katcheri Road, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Salman Mahmood
- Faculty of Economics and Management, Southwest Forestry, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Abd Ullah
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang, 848300, China
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Muhammad Habib Ur Rehman
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology (IPBB), MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Allah Ditta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir (U), KPK, Sheringal, Pakistan.
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Akash Tariq
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang, 848300, China
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13
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Zhao M, Li C, Zhang C, Zhao Y, Wang X, Cao B, Xu L, Zhang J, Wang J, Zuo Q, Chen Y, Zou G. Under flooding conditions, controlled-release fertiliser coated microplastics affect the growth and accumulation of cadmium in rice by increasing the fluidity of cadmium and interfering with metabolic pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:166434. [PMID: 37598965 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The combined pollution of microplastics (MPs) and Cd can affect plant growth and development and Cd accumulation, with most studies focusing on dryland soil. However, the effects of polyurethane (PU) controlled-release fertiliser coated MPs (PU MPs), which widely exist in rice systems, coupled with Cd on plant growth and Cd accumulation under flooding conditions are still unknown. Therefore, in the present study, in situ techniques were used to systematically study the effects of PU MPs and Cd coupling on the physiological and biochemical performance, metabolomics characteristics, rhizosphere bacterial community, and Cd bioavailability of rice in different soil types (red soil/cinnamon soil). The results showed that the effects of PU MPs on rice growth and Cd accumulation were concentration-dependent, especially in red soil. High PU concentration (1 %) inhibited rice root growth significantly (44 %). The addition of PU MPs inhibited photosynthetically active radiation, net photosynthesis, and transpiration rate of rice, mainly with low concentration (0.1 %) in red soil and high concentration (1 %) in cinnamon soil. PU MPs can enhance the expression of Cd resistance genes (cadC and copA) in soil, enhance the mobility of Cd, and affect the metabolic pathways of metabolites in the rhizosphere soil (red soil: fatty acid metabolism; cinnamon soil: amino acid degradation, heterobiodegradation, and nucleotide metabolism) to promote Cd absorption in rice. Especially in red soil, Cd accumulation in the root and aboveground parts of rice after the addition of high concentration PU (1 %) was 1.7 times and 1.3 times, respectively, that of the control (p < 0.05). Simultaneously, microorganisms can affect rice growth and Cd bioavailability by affecting functional bacteria related to carbon, iron, sulfur, and manganese. The results of the present study provide novel insights into the potential effects of PU MPs coupled with Cd on plants, rhizosphere bacterial communities, and Cd bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhao
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Congping Li
- Qujing City Agricultural Environmental Protection Monitoring Station, Yunnan 655000, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Xuexia Wang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Bing Cao
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Li Xu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jiachen Wang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Qiang Zuo
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Guoyuan Zou
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
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14
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Sun Q, Yang H, Feng X, Liang Y, Gao P, Song Y. Synchronous stabilization of Pb, Zn, Cd, and As in lead smelting slag by industrial solid waste. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139755. [PMID: 37567265 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to prevent heavy metal (HM) pollution from lead smelting slag (LSS) to the surrounding environment, this work investigated the feasibility, influencing factors, and mechanisms of using industrial solid waste such as fly ash (FA), oil sludge pyrolysis residue (PR), and steel slag (SS) as remediation amendments. The results demonstrated that the stabilization process was influenced by the material dosage, water content, and LSS particle size. Compared to single materials, the combination amendment PR2FA1 (with a mass ratio of PR to FA as 2:1) exhibited the best stabilization effect, simultaneously reducing the leaching concentrations of As, Zn, Cd, and Pb in LSS to 0.032, 0.034, 0.002, and 0.014 mg/L, respectively. The pH value of the leachate remained between 8 and 9, which met the requirements of surface water quality class IV (GB3838-2002). Through morphological analysis, microscopic characterization, and simulated solution adsorption experiments, it was determined that the stabilization process of HMs was controlled by various mechanisms, including electrostatic attraction, physical adsorption, ion exchange, and chemical precipitation. PR2FA1 had more active components, and its fine-porous structure provided more active sites, resulting in good stabilization performance for As, Zn, Cd, and Pb. Furthermore, cost analysis showed that PR2FA1, as an environmentally friendly material, could generate profits of 157.2 ¥/ton. In conclusion, the prepared PR2FA1 not only addressed the HMs pollution from lead smelting slag to the surrounding environment but also achieved the safe and resourceful disposal of hazardous waste-oil sludge. Its excellent performance in stabilizing HMs and cost-effectiveness suggested promising commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Sun
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huifen Yang
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xiaodi Feng
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuhao Liang
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Pu Gao
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yingliang Song
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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15
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Algethami JS, Irshad MK, Javed W, Alhamami MAM, Ibrahim M. Iron-modified biochar improves plant physiology, soil nutritional status and mitigates Pb and Cd-hazard in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1221434. [PMID: 37662164 PMCID: PMC10470012 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1221434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental quality and food safety is threatened by contamination of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) heavy metals in agricultural soils. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective techniques for remediation of such soils. In this study, we prepared iron-modified biochar (Fe-BC) which combines the unique characteristics of pristine biochar (BC) and iron. The current study investigated the effect of pristine and iron modified biochar (Fe-BC) on the nutritional values of soil and on the reduction of Pb and Cd toxicity in wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.). The findings of present study exhibited that 2% Fe-BC treatments significantly increased the dry weights of roots, shoots, husk and grains by 148.2, 53.2, 64.2 and 148%, respectively compared to control plants. The 2% Fe-BC treatment also enhanced photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2, chlorophyll a and b contents, by 43.2, 88.4, 24.9, 32.5, 21.4, and 26.7%, respectively. Moreover, 2% Fe-BC treatment suppressed the oxidative stress in wheat plants by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) by 62.4 and 69.2%, respectively. The results showed that 2% Fe-BC treatment significantly lowered Cd levels in wheat roots, shoots, husk, and grains by 23.7, 44.5, 33.2, and 76.3%. Whereas, Pb concentrations in wheat roots, shoots, husk, and grains decreased by 46.4, 49.4, 53.6, and 68.3%, respectively. Post-harvest soil analysis showed that soil treatment with 2% Fe-BC increased soil urease, CAT and acid phosphatase enzyme activities by 48.4, 74.4 and 117.3%, respectively. Similarly, 2% Fe-BC treatment significantly improved nutrients availability in the soil as the available N, P, K, and Fe contents increased by 22, 25, 7.3, and 13.3%, respectively. Fe-BC is a viable solution for the remediation of hazardous Cd and Pb contaminated soils, and improvement of soil fertility status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari S. Algethami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Kashif Irshad
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Javed
- Punjab Bioenergy Institute (PBI), University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohsen A. M. Alhamami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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16
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Mazzio E, Barnes A, Badisa R, Fierros-Romero G, Williams H, Council S, Soliman K. Functional immune boosters; the herb or its dead microbiome? Antigenic TLR4 agonist MAMPs found in 65 medicinal roots and algae's. J Funct Foods 2023; 107:105687. [PMID: 37654434 PMCID: PMC10469438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Humans have been consuming medicinal plants (as herbs/ spices) to combat illness for centuries while ascribing beneficial effects predominantly to the plant/phytochemical constituents, without recognizing the power of obligatory resident microorganism' communities (MOCs) (live/dead bacteria, fungus, yeast, molds etc.) which remain after industrial microbial reduction methods. Very little is known about the taxonomic identity of residual antigenic microbial associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) debris in our botanical over the counter (OTC) products, which if present would be recognized as foreign (non-self) antigenic matter by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) provoking a host immune response; this the basis of vaccine adjuvants. As of today, only few research groups have removed the herbal MAMP biomass from herbs, all suggesting that immune activation may not be from the plant but rather its microbial biomass; a hypothesis we corroborate. Purpose The purpose of this work was to conduct a high through put screening (HTPS) of over 2500 natural plants, OTC botanical supplements and phytochemicals to elucidate those with pro-inflammatory; toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) activating properties in macrophages. Study Design The HTPS was conducted on RAW 264.7 cells vs. lipopolysaccharide (LPS) E. coli 0111:B4, testing iNOS / nitric oxide production ( NO 2 - ) as a perimeter endpoint. The data show not a single drug/chemical/ phytochemical and approximately 98 % of botanicals to be immune idle (not effective) with only 65 pro-inflammatory (hits) in a potency range of LPS. Method validation studies eliminated the possibility of false artifact or contamination, and results were cross verified through multiple vendors/ manufacturers/lot numbers by botanical species. Lead botanicals were evaluated for plant concentration of LPS, 1,3:1,6-β-glucan, 1,3:1,4-β-D-glucan and α-glucans; where the former paralleled strength in vitro. LPS was then removed from plants using high-capacity endotoxin poly lysine columns, where bioactivity of LPS null "plant" extracts were lost. The stability of E.Coli 0111:B4 in an acid stomach mimetic model was confirmed. Last, we conducted a reverse culture on aerobic plate counts (APCs) from select hits, with subsequent isolation of gram-negative bacteria (MacConkey agar). Cultures were 1) heat destroyed (retested/ confirming bioactivity) and 2) subject to taxonomical identification by genetic sequencing 18S, ITS1, 5.8 s, ITS2 28S, and 16S. Conclusion The data show significant gram negative MAMP biomass dominance in A) roots (e.g. echinacea, yucca, burdock, stinging nettle, sarsaparilla, hydrangea, poke, madder, calamus, rhaponticum, pleurisy, aconite etc.) and B) oceanic plants / algae's (e.g. bladderwrack, chlorella, spirulina, kelp, and "OTC Seamoss-blends" (irish moss, bladderwrack, burdock root etc), as well as other random herbs (eg. corn silk, cleavers, watercress, cardamom seed, tribulus, duckweed, puffball, hordeum and pollen). The results show a dominance of gram negative microbes (e.g. Klebsilla aerogenes, Pantoae agglomerans, Cronobacter sakazakii), fungus (Glomeracaea, Ascomycota, Irpex lacteus, Aureobasidium pullulans, Fibroporia albicans, Chlorociboria clavula, Aspergillus_sp JUC-2), with black walnut hull, echinacea and burdock root also containing gram positive microbial strains (Fontibacillus, Paenibacillus, Enterococcus gallinarum, Bromate-reducing bacterium B6 and various strains of Clostridium). Conclusion This work brings attention to the existence of a functional immune bioactive herbal microbiome, independent from the plant. There is need to further this avenue of research, which should be carried out with consideration as to both positive or negative consequences arising from daily consumption of botanicals highly laden with bioactive MAMPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Mazzio
- Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States
| | - A. Barnes
- Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States
| | - R. Badisa
- Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States
| | - G. Fierros-Romero
- Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, School of Environment, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States
| | - H. Williams
- Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, School of Environment, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States
| | - S. Council
- John Gnabre Science Research Institute, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - K.F.A. Soliman
- Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States
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17
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Xu Z, Nie N, Liu K, Li Q, Cui H, Du H. Analog soil organo-ferrihydrite composites as suitable amendments for cadmium and arsenic stabilization in co-contaminated soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162929. [PMID: 36934932 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Remediation of CdAs co-contaminated soils has long been considered a difficult problem to solve, as Cd and As have distinctly different metallic characters. Amending contaminated soils with traditional single passivation materials may not always work well in the stabilization of both Cd and As. Here, we reported that analog soil organo-ferrihydrite composites made with either living or non-living organics (bacterial cells or humic acid) could achieve stabilization of both Cd and As in contaminated soils. BCR and Wenzel sequential extractions showed that organo-ferrihydrite, particularly at 1 wt% loading, shifted liable Cd and As to more stable phases. Organo-ferrihydrite amendments significantly (p < 0.05) increased soil urease, alkaline phosphatase and catalase enzyme activities. With organo-ferrihydrite amendments, the bioavailable fraction of Cd decreased to 35.3 % compared with the control (65.1 %), while the bioavailable As declined from 29.4 % to 12.4%. Soil pH, microbial community abundance and diversity were almost unaffected by organo-ferrihydrite. Ferrihydrite and organo fractions both contributed to direct Cd-binding, while the organo fraction probably maintained the Fe-bound As via lowering ferrihydrite phase transformation. Compared to pure ferrihydrite, organo-ferrihydrite composites performed better not only in reducing liable Cd and As, but also in maintaining soil quality and ecosystem functions. This study demonstrates the applications of organo-ferrihydrite composites in eco-friendly remediation of CdAs contaminated soils, and provides a new direction in selecting appropriate soil amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, 410127 Changsha, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Nie
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, 410127 Changsha, China
| | - Kaiyan Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, 410127 Changsha, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Haojie Cui
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, 410127 Changsha, China
| | - Huihui Du
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, 410127 Changsha, China.
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Gao Y, Tong H, Zhao Z, Cheng N, Wu P. Effects of Fe oxides and their redox cycling on Cd activity in paddy soils: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 456:131665. [PMID: 37236105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination of soils is a global problem, particularly in paddy soils. Fe oxides, as a key fraction of paddy soils, can significantly affect the environmental behavior of Cd, which is controlled by complicated environmental factors. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically collect and generalize relevant knowledge, which can provide more insight into the migration mechanism of Cd and a theoretical basis for future remediation of Cd contaminated paddy soils. This paper summarized that (1) Fe oxides influence Cd activity through adsorption, complexation, and coprecipitation during transformation; (2) compared with the flooded period, the activity of Cd during the drainage period is stronger in paddy soils, and the affinity of different Fe components for Cd was distinct; (3) Fe plaque reduced Cd activity but was associated with plant Fe2+ nutritional status; (4) the physicochemical properties of paddy soils have the greatest impact on the interaction between Fe oxides and Cd, especially with pH and water fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Gao
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Hui Tong
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Ning Cheng
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Pan Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.
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19
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Zhao C, Yao J, Knudsen TŠ, Liu J, Zhu X, Ma B. Effect of goethite-loaded montmorillonite on immobilization of metal(loid)s and the micro-ecological soil response in non-ferrous metal smelting areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161283. [PMID: 36587687 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the immobilization stabilization and mechanism of heavy metal(loid)s by goethite loaded montmorillonite (GMt) were investigated, and the soil microbial response was explored. The simulated acid rain leaching experiment showed that GMt had a higher acid tolerance and the more stable heavy metal(loid)s fixation ability. The soil incubation demonstrated that GMt significantly decreased the available Cd, Zn, Pb and As concentration. Interestingly, higher immobilization of heavy metals was observed by GMt in highly acid leached and acidic soils. The richness and diversity of bacterial communities improved after the addition of GMt. GMt induced the enrichment of the excellent functional bacteria of the phylum Proteobacteria as well as the genus Massilia and Sphingomonas. The main immobilization mechanisms of heavy metal(loid)s by GMt include electrostatic interaction, complexation, precipitation and oxidation. The addition of the GMt also optimizes the soil bacterial community structure, which further facilitates the immobilization of heavy metal(loid)s. Our results confirm that the novel GMt has a promising application in the immobilization and stabilization of heavy metal(loid)s contaminated soils in non-ferrous metal smelting areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Tatjana Šolević Knudsen
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Jianli Liu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaozhe Zhu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bo Ma
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
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20
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Gunadasa SG, Tighe MK, Wilson SC. Arsenic and cadmium leaching in co-contaminated agronomic soil and the influence of high rainfall and amendments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120591. [PMID: 36347408 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) co-contaminate agricultural systems worldwide and threaten water resources, food security and human health. This column leaching study examined As and Cd mobility in an acidic sandy loam Alfisol soil collected from the dry zone of Sri Lankafor four co-contaminant concentration combinations (spiked and 1 year aged As at 20 & 100 mg kg-1 with co-added Cd at 3 & 20 mg kg-1) i, and under the influence of high rainfall (RF), phosphorus fertilizer (P) and lime amendments. In almost all treatments a synergistic co-contaminant adsorption effect was evident which reduced leaching of both elements, significantly in the higher spiked soil concentration treatments. The magnitude of leaching decrease varied with treatment but was greater for As due to its weaker retention in the soil. The co-sorbing effects, evident even under RF, were attributed to electrostatic sorption interactions, the formation of ternary bridging complexes and surface precipitation at higher concentrations. Liming significantly retarded mobilisation of both elements in all treatments, whereas P enhanced As leaching but suppressed Cd leaching, and both amendments moderated co-contaminant effects. An antagonistic effect of Cd on As sorption was evident in two treatments which showed increased As leaching with added Cd: the RF low spike concentration treatment, accredited to washout of stable As-Cd soluble complexes; the P high concentration treatment considered due to P disruption of As-Cd bridging complexes. This work is important for effective risk mitigation in these widely occurring co-contaminated agronomic systems, and demonstrates a strong system effect on synergistic or antagonistic co-contaminant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajanee G Gunadasa
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, 2351, NSW, Australia.
| | - Matthew K Tighe
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, 2351, NSW, Australia.
| | - Susan C Wilson
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, 2351, NSW, Australia.
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21
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Zhang K, Yi Y, Fang Z. Remediation of cadmium or arsenic contaminated water and soil by modified biochar: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:136914. [PMID: 36272628 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has a high specific surface area with abundant pore structure and functional groups, which has been widely used in remediation of cadmium or arsenic contaminated water and soil. However, the bottleneck problem of low-efficiency of pristine biochar in remediation of contaminated environments always occurs. Nowadays, the modification of biochar is a feasible way to enhance the performance of biochar. Based on the Web of science™, the research progress of modified biochar and its application in remediation of cadmium or arsenic contaminated water and soil have been systematically summarized in this paper. The main modification strategies of biochar were summarized, and the variation of physicochemical properties of biochar before and after modification were illustrated. The efficiency and key mechanisms of modified biochar for remediation of cadmium or arsenic contaminated water and soil were expounded in detail. Finally, some constructive suggestions were given for the future direction and challenges of modified biochar research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yunqiang Yi
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zhanqiang Fang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; SCNU Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Co., Ltd., Qingyuan, 511500, China; Normal University Environmental Remediation Technology Co., Ltd, Qingyuan, 511500, China.
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22
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Qin L, Wang L, Sun X, Yu L, Wang M, Chen S. Ecological toxicity (EC x) of Pb and its prediction models in Chinese soils with different physiochemical properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158769. [PMID: 36108869 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The lack of toxicological data becomes the main bottleneck of ecological risk assessment of lead (Pb) in Chinese soils. The present study assessed Pb toxicity on three underground test endpoints (barley root elongation, earthworm avoidance response, and substrate-induced respiration (SIR) of microorganism) in 10 different soils. Hormetic dose-response induced by Pb was >118 % for earthworm avoidance response. EC10 and EC50 (the effective concentrations of Pb that inhibit 10 % or 50 % of endpoint bioactivity and also represents the toxicity threshold of Pb) after leaching increased by 0.32-8.73 times, and 1.02-3.75 times, respectively. Leaching factor (LF) prediction models indicated pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were the vital predictors for LF10 and LF50, explaining 60.6 % and 73.1 % of variations, respectively. SIR was one sensitive test endpoint for Pb toxicity, with the lowest of EC10 and EC50 values (from 373.7 to 1008.5 mg·kg-1, and from 837.1 to 2869.0 mg·kg-1, respectively). The best prediction models between ECx and soil properties is LogEC50 = 1.324Log(pH) + 0.423Log(CEC) + 1.742 (R2 = 0.761, p < 0.01). The results displayed significant implications for deriving ECx of Pb, and provided a scientific basis for soil ecological risk assessment of Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Qin
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of cultivated land quality monitoring and evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Lifu Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of cultivated land quality monitoring and evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xiaoyi Sun
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of cultivated land quality monitoring and evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Lei Yu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of cultivated land quality monitoring and evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of cultivated land quality monitoring and evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Shibao Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of cultivated land quality monitoring and evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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23
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Zhang K, Zhu Z, Luo S, Xu Z, Lei P, Gan M, Chen P, Zhu J. One-step synthesis of a novel natural mineral-derived Fe@BC for enhancing Cr(VI) bioreduction: Synergistic role of electron transfer and microbial metabolism. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136439. [PMID: 36115474 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Iron minerals, which exert excellent biocompatibility and reactivity with redox-active microorganisms, have attracted attention as a precursor to synthesizing composite materials with higher catalytic efficiency in driving redox-active microorganisms to reduce Cr(VI). However, researches on the effective preparation method of composites, the interaction between bacteria and composite materials and the mechanism of electron transfer are still scarce. In this work, Fe-complex@BC prepared by a one-step method using goethite was used for chromium treatment together with soil microorganisms. The composite was the best-performing in promoting Cr(VI) bioreduction (up to 3.48 mg (L·h)-1) than Fe-complex (2.26 mg (L·h)-1) and biochar (0.5 mg (L·h)-1), even about 19 times higher than that of bioreduction without materials. Specifically, Fe-complex@BC shortened the electron transfer distance due to its excellent adsorption properties for bacteria and Cr(VI). Its high redox activity also promoted Cr(VI) bioreduction by directly enhancing electron transfer. In addition, the presence of the Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle proved that the active sites of composite could be regenerated to reduce Cr(VI) persistently by receiving extracellular electrons from bacteria. High-throughput 16 S rDNA gene sequencing indicated the composite could promote the proliferation of electrochemically active bacteria, which directly enhanced bioreduction. This study developed the low-cost Fe@BC material prepared by a one-step co-pyrolysis method, which exerts a synergistic effect with soil microorganisms and presents a promising potential for chromium pollution treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Sheng Luo
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zichao Xu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Pan Lei
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Min Gan
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Pan Chen
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Jianyu Zhu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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24
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Zhao M, Liu R, Wang X, Zhang J, Wang J, Cao B, Zhao Y, Xu L, Chen Y, Zou G. How do controlled-release fertilizer coated microplastics dynamically affect Cd availability by regulating Fe species and DOC content in soil? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:157886. [PMID: 35952884 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) affect the accumulation of heavy metals by regulating the soil environment. However, studies on the dynamic effects of microplastics on the available states of heavy metals in soil are lacking. In particular, how controlled-release fertilizer coated microplastics can synergistically change the avsilable states of heavy metals in soil by affecting soil physical and chemical properties and microbial community structure is still lacking. The dynamic effect of polyurethane (PU) MPs on the effective state of soil cadmium (Cd; DGTCd), at different particle sizes and concentrations, was studied in situ by diffusive gradient in thin-films (DGT) for the first time. The bioavailability, soil chemical properties, and microbial effects of PU MPs on Cd depend on PU particle size and concentration; high-concentration (1 %) PU MPs cause a significant increase in DGT-Cd concentration. The addition of PU MPs decreased soil pH and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), while increasing the absolute zeta value, Fe(II) and Mn(II), in a manner dependent on particle size, concentration, and culture time. Correlation analysis combined with path analysis showed that PU MPs affected the effective state of Cd by changing soil properties, among which Fe(II) content and DOC were important factors controlling the activation of Cd. Meanwhile, changes in soil properties and heavy metal availability correlated significantly with microbial community composition, suggesting that PU MPs may indirectly impact heavy metal activity by affecting microorganisms and functional genes associated with C and Fe cycling. Therefore, when the concentration of PU MPs is higher than 1 %, we should strengthen ecological risk prevention and control of the compound pollution of controlled-release fertilizer coated microplastics and heavy metals in farmland soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhao
- Institute of Plan Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Rongle Liu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Xuexia Wang
- Institute of Plan Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Institute of Plan Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jiachen Wang
- Institute of Plan Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Bing Cao
- Institute of Plan Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow / Controlled-Release Fertilizer, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Li Xu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Institute of Plan Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow / Controlled-Release Fertilizer, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Guoyuan Zou
- Institute of Plan Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow / Controlled-Release Fertilizer, Beijing 100097, China.
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Yang J, Liang X, Jiang N, Li Z, Zu Y. Three amendments reduced the bioavailability of heavily contaminated soil with arsenic and cadmium and increased the relative feeding value of Lolium perenne L. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 847:157572. [PMID: 35882326 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soils heavily contaminated with arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) are fully utilized and create economic value by growing forages with high standard limits for heavy metals. In this study, 0.5 %, 1 % and 2 % of applied amounts of lime + ferrous sulfate (LF) and 0.25 %, 0.5 % and 1 % of applied amounts of Fe-modified biochar (MB) and Fe-modified eucalyptus sawdust (MC) were added to As and Cd cocontaminated soil planted with ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The results showed that the amendment-induced changes in soil pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC) contributed to the reduction in soil available Cd, which was maximally reduced by up to 76.7 %, 27.6 % and 25.1 % under the LF, MB and MC applications, respectively. In contrast, the available As content was reduced by a maximum of 25.5 % and 23.7 % under the MB and MC treatments, respectively, while LF did not reduce the available As content of the soil. As uptake by ryegrass was not reduced under the LF treatment, but As and Cd contents in the ryegrass shoot were reduced simultaneously under the MB and MC treatments. The relative forage value of ryegrass was enhanced more by MB and MC than by the LF treatment. The lime and ferrous sulfate components of LF could be immobilized against Cd and As, respectively; by characterizing MB and MC, the more available As and Cd fractions of the soil could be converted to less available fractions by electrostatic attraction, surface precipitation or complexation and redox. These results show that the application of amendments to heavily As and Cd cocontaminated soils in combination with ryegrass cultivation can help reduce the toxicity of As and Cd and increase the RFV, a model that may be a novel solution for heavily contaminated As and Cd cocontaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xinran Liang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Na Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zuran Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Yanqun Zu
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
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Tan Z, Wu C, Xuan Z, Cheng Y, Xiong R, Su Z, Wang D. Lead exposure dose-dependently affects oxidative stress, AsA-GSH, photosynthesis, and mineral content in pakchoi ( Brassica chinensis L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1007276. [PMID: 36275549 PMCID: PMC9583015 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1007276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal pollutant and negatively affects agriculture and ecosystems. Pb can cause oxidative stress and abnormal plant growth. The ascorbic acid-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle mainly exists in chloroplasts and resists oxidative stress, scavenges reactive oxygen radicals, and maintains normal photosynthesis. However, the dosage related effects of Pb on pakchoi photosynthesis, via oxidative stress and the AsA-GSH system, remains unclear. In this study, various Pb dosage stress models were tested (low: 300 mg/kg; medium: 600 mg/kg; high: 900 mg/kg). Pb stress induced a dose-dependent increase in Pb content in pakchoi leaves (P < 0.05). Principal component analysis showed that Se, B, and Pb were significantly and negatively correlated. Pb stress also increased MDA content and decreased antioxidant enzymes SOD, GSH-Px, and T-AOC activities (P < 0.05). We also found that Vc content, as well as the GSH/GSSG ratio, decreased. Additionally, Pb stress destroyed chloroplast structure, decreased photosynthesis indicators Pn, Tr, Gs, Ci and VPD, and attenuated Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo (P < 0.05). In the high-dose group, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids decreased significantly, while the expression of chloroplast development genes (GLK, GLN2) decreased (P < 0.05). Our data suggest that Pb stress leads to dosage-dependent, aberrant photosynthesis by inhibiting the AsA-GSH system in pakchoi. This study expands the Pb toxicology research field and provides indications for screening antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanming Tan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, China
- The National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Efficient and High-quality Cultivation and Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Tress in Southern Xinjiang, Alar, China
| | - Cuiyun Wu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, China
- The National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Efficient and High-quality Cultivation and Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Tress in Southern Xinjiang, Alar, China
| | - Zhengying Xuan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, China
- The National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Efficient and High-quality Cultivation and Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Tress in Southern Xinjiang, Alar, China
| | - Yunxia Cheng
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, China
- The National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Efficient and High-quality Cultivation and Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Tress in Southern Xinjiang, Alar, China
| | - Renci Xiong
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, China
- The National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Efficient and High-quality Cultivation and Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Tress in Southern Xinjiang, Alar, China
| | - Zhihang Su
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, China
- The National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Efficient and High-quality Cultivation and Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Tress in Southern Xinjiang, Alar, China
| | - Desheng Wang
- College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar, China
- The National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Efficient and High-quality Cultivation and Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Tress in Southern Xinjiang, Alar, China
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Chen X, Wang J, Wang R, Zhang D, Chu S, Yang X, Hayat K, Fan Z, Cao X, Ok YS, Zhou P. Insights into growth-promoting effect of nanomaterials: Using transcriptomics and metabolomics to reveal the molecular mechanisms of MWCNTs in enhancing hyperaccumulator under heavy metal(loid)s stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 439:129640. [PMID: 35882170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes present potential applications in soil remediation, particularly in phytoremediation. Yet, how multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) induced hyperaccumulator growth at molecular level remains unclear. Here, physio-biochemical, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses were performed to determine the effect of MWCNTs on Solanum nigrum L. (S. nigrum) growth under cadmium and arsenic stresses. 500 mg/kg MWCNTs application significantly promoted S. nigrum growth, especially for root tissues. Specially, MWCNTs application yields 1.38-fold, 1.56-fold, and 1.37-fold enhancement in the shoot length, root length, and fresh biomass, respectively. Furthermore, MWCNTs significantly strengthened P and Fe absorption in roots, as well as the activities of antioxidative enzymes. Importantly, the transcriptomic analysis indicated that S. nigrum gene expression was sensitive to MWCNTs, and MWCNTs upregulated advantageous biological processes under heavy metal(loid)s stress. Besides, MWCNTs reprogramed metabolism that related to defense system, leading to accumulation of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (amino acid), 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (xenobiotic), and (S)-abscisic acid (lipid). In addition, key common pathways of differentially expressed metabolites and genes, including "tyrosine metabolism" and "isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis" were selected via integrating transcriptome and metabolome analyses. Combined omics technologies, our findings provide molecular mechanisms of MWCNTs in promoting S. nigrum growth, and highlight potential application of MWCNTs in soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunfeng Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Juncai Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Renyuan Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, China; Yunnan Dali Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China.
| | - Shaohua Chu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, China; Yunnan Dali Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China.
| | - Xijia Yang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, China; Yunnan Dali Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China.
| | - Kashif Hayat
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Zhengqiu Fan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xinde Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China.
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
| | - Pei Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, China; Yunnan Dali Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China.
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Hemarthria compressa—Aspergillus niger—Trichoderma pseudokoningii Mediated Trilateral Perspective for Bioremediation and Detoxification of Industrial Paper Sludge. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132112266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of different fungal species on the metal uptake from paper sludge by Hemarthria compressa L. Paper sludge (PS) in various concentrations (0, 30% and 60%) were used with four treatments of two fungal species (F0 = Control, F1 = Aspergillus niger, F2 = Trichoderma pseudokoningii, F3 = A. niger + T. pseudokoningii). Paper sludge as rooting medium steadily influenced growth and physio-biochemical attributes of H. compressa in F0. Results revealed discrete variations in growth attributes with different PS concentrations and each fungal treatment. The maximum damages in ionic homeostasis (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) due to PS toxicity were evident in parallel with declined chlorophyll concentration. The highest growth, total chlorophyll and biomass of the plants were observed when PS was treated with combined fungal strains (F3). Translocation factor decreased with F3 that is indicative of changes in Cd, Pb, and Cu movement to shoot from root. The plants with combined fungal treatment also showed greater catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) activity. Ions, such as Ca, Mg, and Na, also increased gradually with combined fungal treatment. The correlation matrix displayed a close association among diverse fungal and PS levels with multiple plant attributes. PCA-Biplot confirmed the outcome of correlational analyses among different characters of H. compressa. The combined fungal mediate the extraction of heavy metals from the paper sludge by H. compressa recommends the high accumulation of heavy metal (HM) and possible reutilization of metal free sludge as a fertilizer, for application in cultivated fields. Furthermore, the effects of fungal species on HM attenuation in PS are linear and can be used in different habitats. Advancement in such research work will also be helpful in understanding the mechanisms and enhancing the ability of other native microbes to remediate metals.
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