1
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Horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed synthesis of high-quality polyaniline in Good’s buffer ionic liquid-buffered H2O/AOT/isooctane bicontinuous microemulsion. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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2
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Jasenská D, Kašpárková V, Vašíček O, Münster L, Minařík A, Káčerová S, Korábková E, Urbánková L, Vícha J, Capáková Z, Falleta E, Della Pina C, Lehocký M, Skopalová K, Humpolíček P. Enzyme-Catalyzed Polymerization Process: A Novel Approach to the Preparation of Polyaniline Colloidal Dispersions with an Immunomodulatory Effect. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3359-3370. [PMID: 35900922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A green, nature-friendly synthesis of polyaniline colloidal particles based on enzyme-assisted oxidation of aniline with horseradish peroxidase and chitosan or poly(vinyl alcohol) as steric stabilizers was successfully employed. Physicochemical characterization revealed formation of particles containing the polyaniline emeraldine salt and demonstrated only a minor effect of polymer stabilizers on particle morphology. All tested colloidal particles showed in vitro antioxidation activity determined via scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. In vitro, they were able to reduce oxidative stress and inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species by neutrophils and inflammatory cytokines by macrophages. The anti-inflammatory effect observed was related to their antioxidant activity, especially in the case of neutrophils. The particles can thus be especially advantageous as active components of biomaterials modulating the early stages of inflammation. In addition to the immunomodulatory effect, the presence of intrinsically conducting polyaniline can impart cell-instructive properties to the particles. The approach to particle synthesis that we employed─an original one using environmentally friendly and biocompatible horseradish peroxidase─represents a smart way of preparing conducting particles with unique properties, which can be further modified by the stabilizers used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Jasenská
- Centre of Polymer Systems and Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Kašpárková
- Centre of Polymer Systems and Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Vašíček
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Münster
- Centre of Polymer Systems and Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Minařík
- Centre of Polymer Systems and Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Káčerová
- Centre of Polymer Systems and Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Korábková
- Centre of Polymer Systems and Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Urbánková
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vícha
- Centre of Polymer Systems and Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Capáková
- Centre of Polymer Systems and Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Ermelinda Falleta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Della Pina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marián Lehocký
- Centre of Polymer Systems and Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Skopalová
- Centre of Polymer Systems and Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Humpolíček
- Centre of Polymer Systems and Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
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3
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Overoxidation of Intrinsically Conducting Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081584. [PMID: 35458334 PMCID: PMC9027932 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically conducting polymers may undergo significant changes of molecular structure and material properties when exposed to highly oxidizing conditions or very positive electrode potentials, commonly called overoxidation. The type and extent of the changes depend on the experimental conditions and chemical environment. They may proceed already at much lower rates at lower electrode potentials because some of the processes associated with overoxidation are closely related to more or less reversible redox processes employed in electrochemical energy conversion and electrochromism. These changes may be welcome for some applications of these polymers in sensors, extraction, and surface functionalization, but in many cases, the change of properties affects the performance of the material negatively, contributing to material and device degradation. This report presents published examples, experimental observations, and their interpretations in terms of both structural and of material property changes. Options to limit and suppress overoxidation are presented, and useful applications are described extensively.
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4
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Kurisu M, Kissner R, Imai M, Walde P. Application of an enzymatic cascade reaction for the synthesis of the emeraldine salt form of polyaniline. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01620-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe synthesis of the emeraldine salt form of polyaniline (PANI-ES) from aniline with Aspergillus sp. glucose oxidase (GOD), d-glucose, dissolved O2, and horseradish peroxidase isoenzyme C (HRPC) in the presence of large unilamellar vesicles of AOT (sodium bis-(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate) as templates at pH = 4.3 and T ~ 25 °C was investigated in a systematic way. In this cascade reaction mixture, the oxidation of aniline is catalyzed by HRPC with H2O2 that is formed in situ as byproduct of the GOD-catalyzed oxidation of d-glucose with O2. Under the elaborated experimental conditions which we considered ideal, the formation of PANI-ES products is evident, as judged by UV/Vis/NIR and EPR measurements. Comparison was made with a reference reaction, which was run under similar conditions with added H2O2 instead of GOD and d-glucose. Although the reference reaction was found to be superior, with the cascade reaction, PANI-ES products can still be obtained with high aniline conversion (> 90%) within 24 h as stable dark green PANI-ES/AOT vesicle dispersion. Our results show that the in situ formation of H2O2 does not prevent the inactivation of HRPC known to occur in the reference reaction. Moreover, the GOD used in the cascade reaction is inactivated as well by polymerization intermediates.
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5
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Jahn A, Hoffmann A, Blaesing L, Kunde F, Bertau M, Bremer M, Fischer S. Lignin from Annual Plants as Raw Material Source for Flavors and Basic Chemicals. CHEM-ING-TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Jahn
- Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg Institute of Technical Chemistry Leipziger Straße 29 09599 Freiberg Germany
| | - Anton Hoffmann
- Technische Universität Dresden Institute of Plant and Wood Chemistry Pienner Straße 19 01737 Tharandt Germany
| | - Luisa Blaesing
- Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg Institute of Technical Chemistry Leipziger Straße 29 09599 Freiberg Germany
| | - Fabian Kunde
- Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg Institute of Technical Chemistry Leipziger Straße 29 09599 Freiberg Germany
| | - Martin Bertau
- Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg Institute of Technical Chemistry Leipziger Straße 29 09599 Freiberg Germany
| | - Martina Bremer
- Technische Universität Dresden Institute of Plant and Wood Chemistry Pienner Straße 19 01737 Tharandt Germany
| | - Steffen Fischer
- Technische Universität Dresden Institute of Plant and Wood Chemistry Pienner Straße 19 01737 Tharandt Germany
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6
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New strategy for grafting hydrophobization of lignocellulosic fiber materials with octadecylamine using a laccase/TEMPO system. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:192-200. [PMID: 32450328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic functionalization of lignocellulosic fibers using oxidoreductases was successfully achieved by targeting lignin moieties as grafting sites on the surface. In this study, a novel strategy for hydrophobization of lignocelluloses was investigated, which involved the laccase/TEMPO-mediated grafting of octadecylamine (OA) onto both lignin and cellulose components of jute fabrics. The results showed that OA monomers were successfully grafted onto jute fabric surface using the laccase/TEMPO system with the grafting percentage and efficiency values of 0.712% and 10.571%, respectively. The primary hydroxyl groups of cellulose were oxidized by laccase/TEMPO to carbonyl groups, which were then coupled with amino-contained OA monomers via Schiff base reaction. The phenolic hydroxyl groups of lignin were transformed by laccase to radicals, on which OA molecules were grafted via Michael addition reaction. Consequently, grafted jute fabrics showed a considerable increase in the surface hydrophobicity with a contact angle of 125.9° and a wetting time of at least 2 h. Furthermore, there was an acceptable decrease in the breaking strength of jute fabrics by 13.60%, and the color of fabrics turned yellowish and reddish. This eco-friendly enzymatic process provides a new strategy for grafting hydrophobization and even functionalization of lignocellulosic fiber materials using amino compounds.
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7
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Weiss R, Guebitz GM, Pellis A, Nyanhongo GS. Harnessing the Power of Enzymes for Tailoring and Valorizing Lignin. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:1215-1231. [PMID: 32423726 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, a structural component of lignocellulosic plants, is an alternative raw material with enormous potential to replace diminishing fossil-based resources for the sustainable production of many chemicals and materials. Unfortunately, lignin's heterogeneity, low reactivity, and strong intra- and intermolecular hydrogen interactions and modifications introduced during the pulping process present significant technical challenges. However, the increasing ability to tailor lignin biosynthesis pathways by targeting enzymes and the continued discovery of more robust biocatalysts are enabling the synthesis of novel valuable products. This review summarizes how enzymes involved in lignin biosynthesis pathways and microbial enzymes are being harnessed to produce chemicals and materials and to upgrade lignin properties for the synthesis of a variety of value-added lignin industrial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Weiss
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Georg M Guebitz
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria; Austrian Centre for Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Alessandro Pellis
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Gibson S Nyanhongo
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria; Austrian Centre for Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
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8
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Jin W, Wang R, Huang X. Horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed oxidative polymerization of aniline in bicontinuous microemulsion stabilized by AOT/SDS. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Shumakovich GP, Khlupova ME, Vasil’eva IS, Zaitseva EA, Gromova EV, Morozova OV, Yaropolov AI. Laccase-Mediator Systems as a Tool for the Development of Antistatic/Anticorrosion Protective Coatings Based on Conducting Polyaniline. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683819060127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Shim E, Noro J, Cavaco-Paulo A, Silva C, Kim HR. Effect of Additives on the in situ Laccase-Catalyzed Polymerization of Aniline Onto Bacterial Cellulose. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:264. [PMID: 31681744 PMCID: PMC6812606 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccase-mediated systems are a green route to accelerate the oxidation of aniline and obtain polyaniline with conductive properties. The synthesis of green polyaniline (emeraldine salt) was herein improved by the inclusion of additives like sodium bis (2-ethyl hexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) and potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) (KHCF) in the medium. The aniline polymerization was confirmed by the detection of the absorption band typical of emeraldine salt at 420 nm, typical of the semiquinoid radical cation, and of the polaron absorption band at 700-800 nm, corresponding to the distinctive signal of doped or partial doped aniline. The oligomers and/or polymers obtained were characterized by spectrometry techniques, namely 1H NMR and MALDI-TOF, and the bacterial cellulose (BC) conductivity was assessed by means of a four-point probe electrical conductivity technique. The best polymerization results were obtained with 5 mM AOT, 10 mM KHCF, and 25 U/mL of laccase. The synergistic effect between both additives in the presence of a catalyst leads to obtaining BC samples coated with green polyaniline with promising electric conductive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euijin Shim
- Department of Clothing and Textiles, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jennifer Noro
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Textile and Fiber Bioprocesses, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Textile and Fiber Bioprocesses, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carla Silva
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Hye Rim Kim
- Department of Clothing and Textiles, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
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11
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Giacobbe S, Pezzella C, Della Ventura B, Giacobelli VG, Rossi M, Fontanarosa C, Amoresano A, Sannia G, Velotta R, Piscitelli A. Green synthesis of conductive polyaniline by Trametes versicolor laccase using a DNA template. Eng Life Sci 2019; 19:631-642. [PMID: 32625038 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The green synthesis of highly conductive polyaniline by using two biological macromolecules, i.e laccase as biocatalyst, and DNA as template/dopant, was achieved in this work. Trametes versicolor laccase B (TvB) was found effective in oxidizing both aniline and its less toxic/mutagenic dimer N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DANI) to conductive polyaniline. Reaction conditions for synthesis of conductive polyanilines were set-up, and structural and electrochemical properties of the two polymers were extensively investigated. When the less toxic aniline dimer was used as substrate, the polymerization reaction was faster and gave less-branched polymer. DNA was proven to work as hard template for both enzymatically synthesized polymers, conferring them a semi-ordered morphology. Moreover, DNA also acts as dopant leading to polymers with extraordinary conductive properties (∼6 S/cm). It can be envisaged that polymer properties are magnified by the concomitant action of DNA as template and dopant. Herein, the developed combination of laccase and DNA represents a breakthrough in the green synthesis of conductive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Giacobbe
- Dipartimento di Scienze chimiche Università di Napoli "Federico II" Napoli Italy
| | - Cinzia Pezzella
- Dipartimento di Scienze chimiche Università di Napoli "Federico II" Napoli Italy
| | | | | | - Manuela Rossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell'Ambiente e delle Risorse Università di Napoli "Federico II" Napoli Italy
| | - Carolina Fontanarosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze chimiche Università di Napoli "Federico II" Napoli Italy
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Dipartimento di Scienze chimiche Università di Napoli "Federico II" Napoli Italy
| | - Giovanni Sannia
- Dipartimento di Scienze chimiche Università di Napoli "Federico II" Napoli Italy
| | - Raffaele Velotta
- Dipartimento di Fisica Ettore Pancini Università di Napoli "Federico II" Napoli Italy
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12
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Walde P, Kashima K, Ćirić-Marjanović G. Synthesizing Polyaniline With Laccase/O 2 as Catalyst. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:165. [PMID: 31355193 PMCID: PMC6635843 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The polymerization of aniline to polyaniline (PANI) can be achieved chemically, electrochemically or enzymatically. In all cases, the products obtained are mixtures of molecules which are constituted by aniline units. Depending on the synthesis conditions there are variations (i) in the way the aniline molecules are connected, (ii) in the average number of aniline units per molecule, (iii) in the oxidation state, and (iv) in the degree of protonation. For many possible applications, the synthesis of electroconductive PANI with para-N-C-coupled aniline units in their half-oxidized and protonated state is of interest. This is the emeraldine salt form of PANI, abbreviated as PANI-ES. The enzymatic synthesis of PANI-ES is an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional chemical or electrochemical methods. Although many studies have been devoted to the in vitro synthesis of PANI-ES by using heme peroxidases with added hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the oxidant, the application of laccases is of particular interest since the oxidant for these multicopper enzymes is molecular oxygen (O2) from air, which is beneficial from environmental and economic points of view. In vivo, laccases participate in the synthesis and degradation of lignin. Various attempts of synthesizing PANI-ES with laccase/O2 in slightly acidic aqueous media from aniline or the linear aniline dimer PADPA (p-aminodiphenylamine) are summarized. Advances in the understanding of the positive effects of soft dynamic templates, as chemical structure guiding additives (anionic polyelectrolytes, micelles, or vesicles), for obtaining PANI-ES-rich products are highlighted. Conceptually, some of these template effects appear to be related to the effect "dirigent proteins" exert in the biosynthesis of lignin. In both cases intermediate radicals are formed enzymatically which then must react in a controlled way in follow-up reactions for obtaining the desired products. These follow-up reactions are controlled to some extent by the templates or specific proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Walde
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Keita Kashima
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, National Institute of Technology, Oyama College, Oyama, Japan
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13
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Kashima K, Fujisaki T, Serrano-Luginbühl S, Kissner R, Janošević Ležaić A, Bajuk-Bogdanović D, Ćirić-Marjanović G, Busato S, Ishikawa T, Walde P. Effect of Template Type on the Trametes versicolor Laccase-Catalyzed Oligomerization of the Aniline Dimer p-Aminodiphenylamine (PADPA). ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:2931-2947. [PMID: 31459521 PMCID: PMC6648283 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many previous studies have shown that (i) the oxidation of aniline or the aniline dimer p-aminodiphenylamine (PADPA) in a slightly acidic aqueous solution can be catalyzed with heme peroxidases or multicopper laccases and that (ii) subsequent reactions lead to oligomeric or polymeric products, which resemble chemically synthesized polyaniline in its conductive emeraldine salt form (PANI-ES), provided that (iii) an anionic "template" is present in the reaction medium. Good templates are anionic polyelectrolytes, micelles, or vesicles. Under optimal conditions, their presence directs the reactions in a positive way toward the desired formation of PANI-ES-type products. The effect of four different types of anionic templates on the formation of PANI-ES-like products from PADPA was investigated and compared by using Trametes versicolor laccase (TvL) as a catalyst in an aqueous pH 3.5 solution at room temperature. All four templates contain sulfonate groups: the sodium salt of the polyelectrolyte sulfonated polystyrene (SPS), micelles from sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), vesicles from a 1:1 molar mixture of SDBS and decanoic acid, and vesicles from sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT). Although with all four templates, stable, inkjet-printable solutions or suspensions consisting of PANI-ES-type products were obtained under optimized conditions, considerably higher amounts of TvL were required with SDBS micelles to achieve comparable monomer conversion to PANI-ES-like products during the same time period when compared to those with SPS or the two types of vesicles. This makes SDBS micelles less attractive as templates for the investigated reaction. In situ UV/vis/near-infrared, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and Raman spectroscopy measurements in combination with an high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of extracted reaction products, which were deprotonated and chemically reduced, showed seemingly small but significant differences in the composition of the mixtures obtained when reaching reaction equilibrium after 24 h. With the two vesicle systems, the content of unwanted substituted phenazine units was lower than in the case of SPS polyelectrolyte and SDBS micelles. The EPR spectra indicate a more localized, narrower distribution of electronic states of the paramagnetic centers of the PANI-ES-type products synthesized in the presence of the two vesicle systems when compared to that of the similar products obtained with the SPS polyelectrolyte and SDBS micelles as templates. Overall, the data obtained from the different complementary methods indicate that with the two vesicle systems structurally more uniform (regular) PANI-ES-type products formed. Among the two investigated vesicle systems, for the investigated reaction (oxidation of PADPA with TvL and O2), AOT appears a somewhat better choice as it leads to a higher content of the PANI-ES polaron form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Kashima
- Department
of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department
of Materials Chemistry and Bioengineering, National Institute of Technology, Oyama College, 771 Nakakuki, Oyama, Tochigi 323-0806, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujisaki
- Department
of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department
of Materials Chemistry and Bioengineering, National Institute of Technology, Oyama College, 771 Nakakuki, Oyama, Tochigi 323-0806, Japan
| | | | - Reinhard Kissner
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Danica Bajuk-Bogdanović
- Faculty
of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Ćirić-Marjanović
- Faculty
of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stephan Busato
- Department
of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Takashi Ishikawa
- Department
of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute (PSI), CH-5231 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Peter Walde
- Department
of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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14
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Zhang Y, Serrano-Luginbühl S, Kissner R, Milojević-Rakić M, Bajuk-Bogdanović D, Ćirić-Marjanović G, Wang Q, Walde P. Enzymatic Synthesis of Highly Electroactive Oligoanilines from a p-Aminodiphenylamine/Aniline Mixture with Anionic Vesicles as Templates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:9153-9166. [PMID: 29989829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Oligoanilines with characteristic properties of the electrically conductive emeraldine salt form of polyaniline (PANI-ES) are promising molecules for various applications. A mixture of such oligoanilines can be obtained, for example, enzymatically under mild conditions from the linear aniline dimer p-aminodiphenylamine (PADPA) with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and low amounts of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in an aqueous pH = 4.3 suspension of anionic vesicles formed from AOT, the sodium salt of bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate. However, the simultaneous formation of undesired side products containing phenazine-type units or oxygen atoms is unsatisfactory. We have found that this situation can be improved considerably by using a mixture of PADPA and aniline instead of PADPA only but otherwise nearly identical conditions. The PANI-ES-like oligoaniline products that are obtained from the PADPA and aniline mixture were not only found to have much lower contents of phenazine-type units and not contain oxygen atoms but also were shown to be more electroactive in cyclic voltammetry measurements than the PANI-ES-like products obtained from PADPA only. The AOT vesicle suspension remained stable without product precipitation during and after the entire reaction so that it could be analyzed by in situ UV/visible/near-infrared, in situ electron paramagnetic resonance, and in situ Raman spectroscopy measurements. These measurements were complemented with ex situ high-performance liquid chromatography analyses of the deprotonated and reduced products formed from mixtures of PADPA and either fully or partially deuterated aniline. On the basis of the results obtained, a reaction mechanism is proposed for explaining this improved HRP-triggered, vesicle-assisted synthesis of electroactive PANI-ES-like products. The oligomeric products obtained can be further used, without additional special workup, for example, to coat electrodes for their possible application in biosensor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhang
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Materials , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile , Jiangnan University , Lihu Avenue 1800 , 214122 Wuxi , China
| | - Sandra Serrano-Luginbühl
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Materials , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Kissner
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Maja Milojević-Rakić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry , University of Belgrade , Studentski trg 12-16 , 11158 Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Danica Bajuk-Bogdanović
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry , University of Belgrade , Studentski trg 12-16 , 11158 Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Gordana Ćirić-Marjanović
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry , University of Belgrade , Studentski trg 12-16 , 11158 Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile , Jiangnan University , Lihu Avenue 1800 , 214122 Wuxi , China
| | - Peter Walde
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Materials , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
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15
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Kashima K, Fujisaki T, Serrano-Luginbühl S, Khaydarov A, Kissner R, Ležaić AJ, Bajuk-Bogdanović D, Ćirić-Marjanović G, Schuler LD, Walde P. How experimental details matter. The case of a laccase-catalysed oligomerisation reaction. RSC Adv 2018; 8:33229-33242. [PMID: 35548148 PMCID: PMC9086443 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05731a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Trametes versicolor laccase (TvL)-catalysed oligomerisation of the aniline dimer p-aminodiphenylamine (PADPA) was investigated in an aqueous medium of pH = 3.5, containing 80–100 nm-sized anionic vesicles formed from AOT, the sodium salt of bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinic acid. If run under optimal conditions, the reaction yields oligomeric products which resemble the emeraldine salt form of polyaniline (PANI-ES) in its polaron state, known to be the only oxidation state of linear PANI which is electrically conductive. The vesicles serve as “templates” for obtaining products with the desired PANI-ES-like features. For this complex, heterogeneous, vesicle-assisted, and enzyme-mediated reaction, in which dissolved dioxygen also takes part as a re-oxidant for TvL, small changes in the composition of the reaction mixture can have significant effects. Initial conditions may not only affect the kinetics of the reaction, but also the outcome, i.e., the product distribution once the reaction reaches its equilibrium state. While a change in the reaction temperature from T ≈ 25 to 5 °C mainly influenced the rate of reaction, increase in enzyme concentration and the presence of millimolar concentrations of chloride ions were found to have significant undesired effects on the outcome of the reaction. Chloride ions, which may originate from the preparation of the pH = 3.5 solution, inhibit TvL, such that higher TvL concentrations are required than without chloride to yield the same product distribution for the same reaction runtime as in the absence of chloride. With TvL concentrations much higher than the elaborated value, the products obtained clearly were different and over-oxidised. Thus, a change in the activity of the enzyme was found to have influence not only on kinetics but also led to a change in the final product distribution, molecular structure and electrical properties, which was a surprising find. The complementary analytical methods which we used in this work were in situ UV/vis/NIR, EPR, and Raman spectroscopy measurements, in combination with a detailed ex situ HPLC analysis and molecular dynamics simulations. With the results obtained, we would like to recall the often neglected or ignored fact that it is important to describe and pay attention to the experimental details, since this matters for being able to perform experiments in a reproducible way. A laccase-catalysed oligomerisation of p-aminodiphenylamine was investigated in an aqueous medium containing 80–100 nm-sized anionic vesicles formed from AOT, the sodium salt of bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinic acid.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Kashima
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
- Department of Materials Chemistry and Bioengineering
| | - Tomoyuki Fujisaki
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
- Department of Materials Chemistry and Bioengineering
| | | | | | - Reinhard Kissner
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- 8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Walde
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
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16
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Pašti I, Milojević-Rakić M, Junker K, Bajuk-Bogdanović D, Walde P, Ćirić-Marjanović G. Superior capacitive properties of polyaniline produced by a one-pot peroxidase/H2O2-triggered polymerization of aniline in the presence of AOT vesicles. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Luginbühl S, Iwasaki F, Chirackal Varkey E, Umakoshi H, Walde P. A Novel Role of Vesicles as Templates for the Oxidation and Oligomerization of p-Aminodiphenylamine by Cytochrome c. Helv Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201700027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Luginbühl
- Polymer Chemistry Group; Department of Materials (D-MATL); ETH Zürich; Vladimir Prelog-Weg 5 CH-8093 Zürich
| | - Fumihiko Iwasaki
- Polymer Chemistry Group; Department of Materials (D-MATL); ETH Zürich; Vladimir Prelog-Weg 5 CH-8093 Zürich
- Bio-Inspired Chemical Engineering Lab; Division of Chemical Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyamacho Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Elizabeth Chirackal Varkey
- Polymer Chemistry Group; Department of Materials (D-MATL); ETH Zürich; Vladimir Prelog-Weg 5 CH-8093 Zürich
| | - Hiroshi Umakoshi
- Bio-Inspired Chemical Engineering Lab; Division of Chemical Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyamacho Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Peter Walde
- Polymer Chemistry Group; Department of Materials (D-MATL); ETH Zürich; Vladimir Prelog-Weg 5 CH-8093 Zürich
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18
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Ćirić-Marjanović G, Milojević-Rakić M, Janošević-Ležaić A, Luginbühl S, Walde P. Enzymatic oligomerization and polymerization of arylamines: state of the art and perspectives. CHEMICKE ZVESTI 2016; 71:199-242. [PMID: 28775395 PMCID: PMC5495875 DOI: 10.1007/s11696-016-0094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The literature concerning the oxidative oligomerization and polymerization of various arylamines, e.g., aniline, substituted anilines, aminonaphthalene and its derivatives, catalyzed by oxidoreductases, such as laccases and peroxidases, in aqueous, organic, and mixed aqueous organic monophasic or biphasic media, is reviewed. An overview of template-free as well as template-assisted enzymatic syntheses of oligomers and polymers of arylamines is given. Special attention is paid to mechanistic aspects of these biocatalytic processes. Because of the nontoxicity of oxidoreductases and their high catalytic efficiency, as well as high selectivity of enzymatic oligomerizations/polymerizations under mild conditions-using mainly water as a solvent and often resulting in minimal byproduct formation-enzymatic oligomerizations and polymerizations of arylamines are environmentally friendly and significantly contribute to a "green" chemistry of conducting and redox-active oligomers and polymers. Current and potential future applications of enzymatic polymerization processes and enzymatically synthesized oligo/polyarylamines are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Ćirić-Marjanović
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Milojević-Rakić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Janošević-Ležaić
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Instrumental Methods, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Luginbühl
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Walde
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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de Salas F, Pardo I, Salavagione HJ, Aza P, Amougi E, Vind J, Martínez AT, Camarero S. Advanced Synthesis of Conductive Polyaniline Using Laccase as Biocatalyst. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164958. [PMID: 27741301 PMCID: PMC5065195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyaniline is a conductive polymer with distinctive optical and electrical properties. Its enzymatic synthesis is an environmentally friendly alternative to the use of harsh oxidants and extremely acidic conditions. 7D5L, a high-redox potential laccase developed in our lab, is the biocatalyst of choice for the synthesis of green polyaniline (emeraldine salt) due to its superior ability to oxidize aniline and kinetic stability at the required polymerization conditions (pH 3 and presence of anionic surfactants) as compared with other fungal laccases. Doses as low as 7.6 nM of 7D5L catalyze the polymerization of 15 mM aniline (in 24 h, room temperature, 7% yield) in the presence of different anionic surfactants used as doping templates to provide linear and water-soluble polymers. Aniline polymerization was monitored by the increase of the polaron absorption band at 800 nm (typical for emeraldine salt). Best polymerization results were obtained with 5 mM sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) as template. At fixed conditions (15 mM aniline and 5mM SDBS), polymerization rates obtained with 7D5L were 2.5-fold the rates obtained with commercial Trametes villosa laccase. Moreover, polyaniline yield was notably boosted to 75% by rising 7D5L amount to 0.15 μM, obtaining 1g of green polyaniline in 1L-reaction volume. The green polymer obtained with the selected system (7D5L/SDBS) holds excellent electrochemical and electro-conductive properties displayed in water-dispersible nanofibers, which is advantageous for the nanomaterial to be readily cast into uniform films for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe de Salas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Pardo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Horacio J. Salavagione
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Aza
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eleni Amougi
- Novozymes A/S Krogshoejvej 36, 2880, Bagsvaerd, Denmark
| | - Jesper Vind
- Novozymes A/S Krogshoejvej 36, 2880, Bagsvaerd, Denmark
| | - Angel T. Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Camarero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Ležaić AJ, Luginbühl S, Bajuk-Bogdanović D, Pašti I, Kissner R, Rakvin B, Walde P, Ćirić-Marjanović G. Insight into the template effect of vesicles on the laccase-catalyzed oligomerization of N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine from Raman spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry measurements. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30724. [PMID: 27561552 PMCID: PMC4999881 DOI: 10.1038/srep30724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report about the first Raman spectroscopy study of a vesicle-assisted enzyme-catalyzed oligomerization reaction. The aniline dimer N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (= p-aminodiphenylamine, PADPA) was oxidized and oligomerized with Trametes versicolor laccase and dissolved O2 in the presence of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) vesicles (80–100 nm diameter) as templates. The conversion of PADPA into oligomeric products, poly(PADPA), was monitored during the reaction by in situ Raman spectroscopy. The results obtained are compared with UV/vis/NIR and EPR measurements. All three complementary methods indicate that at least some of the poly(PADPA) products, formed in the presence of AOT vesicles, resemble the conductive emeraldine salt form of polyaniline (PANI-ES). The Raman measurements also show that structural units different from those of “ordinary” PANI-ES are present too. Without vesicles PANI-ES-like products are not obtained. For the first time, the as-prepared stable poly(PADPA)-AOT vesicle suspension was used directly to coat electrodes (without product isolation) for investigating redox activities of poly(PADPA) by cyclic voltammetry (CV). CV showed that poly(PADPA) produced with vesicles is redox active not only at pH 1.1–as expected for PANI-ES–but also at pH 6.0, unlike PANI-ES and poly(PADPA) synthesized without vesicles. This extended pH range of the redox activity of poly(PADPA) is important for applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Janoševic Ležaić
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physical Chemistry and Instrumental Methods, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Luginbühl
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Danica Bajuk-Bogdanović
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Pašti
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Reinhard Kissner
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Boris Rakvin
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Institute Ruđer Bošković, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Peter Walde
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physical Chemistry and Instrumental Methods, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Ćirić-Marjanović
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
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21
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Hui J, Jiang X, Xie H, Chen D, Shen J, Sun X, Han W, Li J, Wang L. Laccase-catalyzed electrochemical fabrication of polyaniline/graphene oxide composite onto graphite felt electrode and its application in bioelectrochemical system. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.12.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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22
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Shoda SI, Uyama H, Kadokawa JI, Kimura S, Kobayashi S. Enzymes as Green Catalysts for Precision Macromolecular Synthesis. Chem Rev 2016; 116:2307-413. [PMID: 26791937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present article comprehensively reviews the macromolecular synthesis using enzymes as catalysts. Among the six main classes of enzymes, the three classes, oxidoreductases, transferases, and hydrolases, have been employed as catalysts for the in vitro macromolecular synthesis and modification reactions. Appropriate design of reaction including monomer and enzyme catalyst produces macromolecules with precisely controlled structure, similarly as in vivo enzymatic reactions. The reaction controls the product structure with respect to substrate selectivity, chemo-selectivity, regio-selectivity, stereoselectivity, and choro-selectivity. Oxidoreductases catalyze various oxidation polymerizations of aromatic compounds as well as vinyl polymerizations. Transferases are effective catalysts for producing polysaccharide having a variety of structure and polyesters. Hydrolases catalyzing the bond-cleaving of macromolecules in vivo, catalyze the reverse reaction for bond forming in vitro to give various polysaccharides and functionalized polyesters. The enzymatic polymerizations allowed the first in vitro synthesis of natural polysaccharides having complicated structures like cellulose, amylose, xylan, chitin, hyaluronan, and chondroitin. These polymerizations are "green" with several respects; nontoxicity of enzyme, high catalyst efficiency, selective reactions under mild conditions using green solvents and renewable starting materials, and producing minimal byproducts. Thus, the enzymatic polymerization is desirable for the environment and contributes to "green polymer chemistry" for maintaining sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Shoda
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University , Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Kadokawa
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University , Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Shunsaku Kimura
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shiro Kobayashi
- Center for Fiber & Textile Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology , Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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23
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Fodor C, Gajewska B, Rifaie-Graham O, Apebende EA, Pollard J, Bruns N. Laccase-catalyzed controlled radical polymerization of N-vinylimidazole. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01261b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Laccase from Trametes versicolor catalyzes the controlled radical polymerization of N-vinylimidazole, yielding narrowly dispersed, metal-free polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Fodor
- Adolphe Merkle Institute
- University of Fribourg
- 1700 Fribourg
- Switzerland
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
| | | | | | | | - Jonas Pollard
- Adolphe Merkle Institute
- University of Fribourg
- 1700 Fribourg
- Switzerland
| | - Nico Bruns
- Adolphe Merkle Institute
- University of Fribourg
- 1700 Fribourg
- Switzerland
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24
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Zhang Y, Dong A, Fan X, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Cavaco-Paulo A. Laccase-catalyzed synthesis of conducting polyaniline-lignosulfonate composite. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Aixue Dong
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Xuerong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Textile and Fibre Bioprocesses; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Textile and Fibre Bioprocesses; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Department of Biological Engineering; University of Minho, Campus De Gualtar; Braga 4710-057 Portugal
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25
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Pezzella C, Guarino L, Piscitelli A. How to enjoy laccases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:923-40. [PMID: 25577278 PMCID: PMC11113763 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1823-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An analysis of the scientific literature published in the last 10 years reveals a constant growth of laccase applicative research in several industrial fields followed by the publication of a great number of patents. The Green Chemistry journal devoted the cover of its September 2014 issue to a laccase as greener alternative for chemical oxidation. This indicates that laccase "never-ending story" has found a new promising trend within the constant search for efficient (bio)catalysts able to meet the 12 green chemistry principles. A survey of ancient and cutting-edge uses of laccase in different industrial sectors is offered in this review with the aim both to underline their potential and to provide inspiration for new ones. Applications in textile and food fields have been deeply described, as well as examples concerning polymer synthesis and laccase-catalysed grafting. Recent applications in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Pezzella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy,
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26
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Junker K, Luginbühl S, Schüttel M, Bertschi L, Kissner R, Schuler LD, Rakvin B, Walde P. Efficient Polymerization of the Aniline Dimer p-Aminodiphenylamine (PADPA) with Trametes versicolor Laccase/O2 as Catalyst and Oxidant and AOT Vesicles as Templates. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs500769d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Junker
- Laboratory
of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Luginbühl
- Laboratory
of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mischa Schüttel
- Laboratory
of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Louis Bertschi
- Mass Spectrometry Service Facility, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Kissner
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Boris Rakvin
- Division
of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička
c. 54, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Peter Walde
- Laboratory
of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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27
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Rakvin B, Carić D, Andreis M, Junker K, Walde P. EPR study of polyaniline synthesized enzymatically in the presence of submicrometer-sized AOT vesicles. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:2205-13. [PMID: 24484357 DOI: 10.1021/jp411204b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
EPR spectroscopy was used to examine the magnetic properties of two enzymatically synthesized polyaniline (PANI) samples obtained in the presence of submicrometer-sized vesicles formed from sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) as templates. PANI-HRPC-AOT was synthesized with horseradish peroxidase isoenzyme C (HRPC) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as oxidant while PANI-TvL-AOT was prepared with Trametes versicolor laccase (TvL) and dioxygen (O2) as oxidant. A commercial conductive sample of the emeraldine salt form of polyaniline (PANI-ES) was also used for comparison in order to correlate the experimental data obtained for PANI-HRPC-AOT and PANI-TvL-AOT with the properties of the well-characterized PANI-ES. It was shown that a model based on the concept of correlated polaronic bands could be applied for the interpretation of the EPR spectra of all three examined samples, although PANI-HRPC-AOT and PANI-TvL-AOT were significantly less conductive than PANI-ES. The magnetic properties of the PANI samples could be related to their conductivities, whereby a low conductivity was ascribed to decreased interchain spin interactions which were detectable from a splitting of the triplet spectrum at low temperatures (5-10 K). The obtained effective distance between the polyaniline chains is larger for enzymatically synthesized PANI than for PANI-ES, most likely mainly due to the presence of AOT which could not be removed completely during the work-up. AOT influences the chain conformation and the average chain-chain distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Rakvin
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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