1
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Yi J, Goh NJJ, Li Z. Green and Enantioselective Synthesis via Cascade Biotransformations: From Simple Racemic Substrates to High-Value Chiral Chemicals. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400565. [PMID: 38954385 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Asymmetric synthesis of chiral chemicals in high enantiomeric excess (ee) is pivotal to the pharmaceutical industry, but classic chemistry usually requires multi-step reactions, harsh conditions, and expensive chiral ligands, and sometimes suffers from unsatisfactory enantioselectivity. Enzymatic catalysis is a much greener and more enantioselective alternative, and cascade biotransformations with multi-step reactions can be performed in one pot to avoid costly intermediate isolation and minimise waste generation. One of the most attractive applications of enzymatic cascade transformations is to convert easily available simple racemic substrates into valuable functionalised chiral chemicals in high yields and ee. Here, we review the three general strategies to build up such cascade biotransformations, including enantioconvergent reaction, dynamic kinetic resolution, and destruction-and-reinstallation of chirality. Examples of cascade transformations using racemic substrates such as racemic epoxides, alcohols, hydroxy acids, etc. to produce the chiral amino alcohols, hydroxy acids, amines, and amino acids are given. The product concentration, ee, and yield, scalability, and substrate scope of these enzymatic cascades are critically reviewed. To further improve the efficiency and practical applicability of the cascades, enzyme engineering to enhance catalytic activities of the key enzymes using the latest microfluidics-based ultrahigh-throughput screening and artificial intelligence-guided directed evolution could be a useful approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieran Yi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Jun Jie Goh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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2
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Liu J, Zhang X, Shao Z, Yang J, Zhang H. Leucine zipper as a bridge for transaminase self-assembly: A fusion enzyme for efficient chiral conversion of d-phenylglycine. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107382. [PMID: 38640720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Amino acid transferase is a family of enzymes used to catalyze and separate chiral amino acids. However, due to the low efficiency, by-products and reverse reactions occur in cascade reactions. Therefore, in the research, phenylglycine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were self-assembled in vitro by leucine zipper. The self-assembled enzyme system with d-phenylglycine and α-ketoglutarate as substrates were used for the chiral transformation reaction. By studying the enzyme combination, kinetic reaction stability and catalytic efficiency, it was found that the self-assembled enzyme showed improved stability and better affinity to the substrate than the control and achieved only ee value of 17.86% for the control at the substrate ratio was 1:2. In contrast, the self-assembled enzyme basically catalyzed the complete conversion of d-Phg to l-Phg, with the ee value as 99%. These results demonstrated the feasibility of the leucine zipper and the conversion of d-phenylglycine to the l-type by fusion enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Zilong Shao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui Province, PR China.
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui Province, PR China.
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3
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Liu ZX, Gao YD, Yang LC. Biocatalytic Hydrogen-Borrowing Cascade in Organic Synthesis. JACS AU 2024; 4:877-892. [PMID: 38559715 PMCID: PMC10976568 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Biocatalytic hydrogen borrowing represents an environmentally friendly and highly efficient synthetic method. This innovative approach involves converting various substrates into high-value-added products, typically via a one-pot, two/three-step sequence encompassing dehydrogenation (intermediate transformation) and hydrogenation processes employing the hydride shuffling between NAD(P)+ and NAD(P)H. Represented key transformations in hydrogen borrowing include stereoisomer conversion within alcohols, conversion between alcohols and amines, conversion of allylic alcohols to saturated carbonyl counterparts, and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes to saturated carboxylic acids, etc. The direct transformation methodology and environmentally benign characteristics of hydrogen borrowing have contributed to its advancements in fine chemical synthesis or drug developments. Over the past decades, the hydrogen borrowing strategy in biocatalysis has led to the creation of diverse catalytic systems, demonstrating substantial potential for straightforward synthesis as well as asymmetric transformations. This perspective serves as a detailed exposition of the recent advancements in biocatalytic reactions employing the hydrogen borrowing strategy. It provides insights into the potential of this approach for future development, shedding light on its promising prospects in the field of biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance
and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute
of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking
Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Dong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance
and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute
of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking
Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Li-Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance
and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute
of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking
Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, P. R. China
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4
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He JJ, Liu XX, Li Y, Wang Z, Shi HL, Kan YC, Yao LG, Tang CD. High level expression of nicotinamide nucleoside kinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its purification and immobilization by one-step method. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1134152. [PMID: 36873348 PMCID: PMC9975500 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1134152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide riboside kinase (NRK) plays an important role in the synthesis of β -nicotinamide nucleotide (NMN). NMN is a key intermediate of NAD+ synthesis, and it actually contribute to the well-being of our health. In this study, gene mining technology was used to clone nicotinamide nucleoside kinase gene fragments from S. cerevisiae, and the ScNRK1 was achieved a high level of soluble expression in E. coli BL21. Then, the reScNRK1 was immobilized by metal affinity label to optimize the enzyme performance. The results showed that the enzyme activity in the fermentation broth was 14.75 IU/mL, and the specific enzyme activity after purification was 2252.59 IU/mg. After immobilization, the optimum temperature of the immobilized enzyme was increased by 10°C compared with the free enzyme, and the temperature stability was improved with little change in pH. Moreover, the activity of the immobilized enzyme remained above 80% after four cycles of immobilized reScNRK1, which makes the enzyme more advantageous in the enzymatic synthesis of NMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ju He
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Funiu Mountain Insect Biology and Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
- College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Xin-Xin Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Funiu Mountain Insect Biology and Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
- College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Ying Li
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Funiu Mountain Insect Biology and Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
- College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Funiu Mountain Insect Biology and Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
- College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Hong-Ling Shi
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Funiu Mountain Insect Biology and Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
- College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Yun-Chao Kan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Funiu Mountain Insect Biology and Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Lun-Guang Yao
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Funiu Mountain Insect Biology and Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
- College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Cun-Duo Tang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Funiu Mountain Insect Biology and Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
- College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
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5
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Meng X, Liu Y, Yang L, Li R, Wang H, Shen Y, Wei D. Rational identification of a high catalytic efficiency leucine dehydrogenase and process development for efficient synthesis of l-phenylglycine. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2200465. [PMID: 36738237 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202200465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic asymmetric synthesis of chiral amino acids has great industrial potential. However, the low catalytic efficiency of high-concentration substrates limits their industrial application. Herein, using a combination of substrate catalytic efficiency prediction based on "open to closed" conformational change and substrate specificity prediction, a novel leucine dehydrogenase (TsLeuDH), with high substrate catalytic efficiency toward benzoylformic acid (BFA) for producing l-phenylglycine (l-Phg), was directly identified from 4695 putative leucine dehydrogenases in a public database. The specific activity of TsLeuDH was determined to be as high as 4253.8 U mg-1 . Through reaction process optimization, a high-concentration substrate (0.7 m) was efficiently and completely converted within 90 min in a single batch, without any external coenzyme addition. Moreover, a continuous flow-feeding approach was designed using gradient control of the feed rate to reduce substrate accumulation. Finally, the highest overall substrate concentration of up to 1.2 m BFA could be aminated to l-Phg with conversion of >99% in 3 h, demonstrating that this new combination of enzyme process development is promising for large-scale application of l-Phg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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6
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Yin X, Gong W, Zhan Z, Wei W, Li M, Jiao J, Chen B, Liu L, Li W, Gao Z. Mining and engineering of valine dehydrogenases from a hot spring sediment metagenome for the synthesis of chiral non-natural L-amino acids. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Tang CD, Zhang X, Shi HL, Liu XX, Wang HY, Lu YF, Zhang SP, Kan YC, Yao LG. Improving catalytic activity of Lactobacillus harbinensis -mandelate dehydrogenase toward -o-chloromandelic acid by laboratory evolution. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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8
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Wang P, Zhang X, Tao Y, Lv X, Cheng S, Liu C. Improved l-phenylglycine synthesis by introducing an engineered cofactor self-sufficient system. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:513-521. [PMID: 35024478 PMCID: PMC8715069 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
l-phenylglycine (L-phg) is a valuable non-proteinogenic amino acid used as a precursor to β-lactam antibiotics, antitumor agent taxol and many other pharmaceuticals. L-phg synthesis through microbial bioconversion allows for high enantioselectivity and sustainable production, which will be of great commercial and environmental value compared with organic synthesis methods. In this work, an L-phg synthesis pathway was built in Escherichia coli resulting in 0.23 mM L-phg production from 10 mM l-phenylalanine. Then, new hydroxymandelate synthases and hydroxymandelate oxidases were applied in the L-phg synthesis leading to a 5-fold increase in L-phg production. To address 2-oxoglutarate, NH4 +, and NADH shortage, a cofactor self-sufficient system was introduced, which converted by-product l-glutamate and NAD+ to these three cofactors simultaneously. In this way, L-phg increased 2.5-fold to 2.82 mM. Additionally, in order to reduce the loss of these three cofactors, a protein scaffold between synthesis pathway and cofactor regeneration modular was built, which further improved the L-phg production to 3.72 mM with a yield of 0.34 g/g L-phe. This work illustrated a strategy applying for whole-cell biocatalyst converting amino acid to its value-added chiral amine in a cofactor self-sufficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchao Wang
- School of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Enzymes and Enzyme-like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xiwen Zhang
- School of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yucheng Tao
- School of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xubing Lv
- School of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Shengjie Cheng
- School of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Chengwei Liu
- School of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Enzymes and Enzyme-like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, PR China
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9
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Shi JH, Lin ZY, Kou SB, Wang BL, Jiang SL. Enantioseparation of mandelic acid and substituted derivatives by high-performance liquid chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin as chiral mobile additive and evaluation of inclusion complexes by molecular dynamics. Chirality 2021; 33:675-684. [PMID: 34390038 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The enantioseparation and resolution mechanism of mandelic acid (MA), 4-methoxymandelic acid (MMA), and 4-propoxymandelic acid (PMA) were investigated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) as a chiral mobile-phase additive and molecular dynamics simulation. The suitable chromatographic conditions for the enantioseparation of MA, MMA, and PMA were obtained. Under the selected chromatographic conditions, these enantiomers could achieve baseline separation. The results of thermodynamic parameter analysis revealed that the main driven forces for the enantioseparation of MA, MMA, and PMA could be van der Waals forces and hydrogen-bonding interactions and the chromatographic retention of these chiral compounds was an enthalpy-driven process. The results of the molecular simulation revealed that their chiral resolution mechanism on HP-β-CD was responsible for the formation of inclusion complexes of enantiomers with HP-β-CD with different conformations and binding energies. And the binding energy of HP-β-CD with (S)-isomer was larger than that with (R)-isomer, which is consistent with the experimental results of the first elution of (S)-isomer. Additionally, it is also confirmed that the interaction energies included the van der Waals energy (∆Evdw ), electrostatic energy (∆Eelec ), polar solvation energy, and SASA energy (∆Esasa ), and the separation factor (α) was closely connected with the disparity in the binding energies of optical isomers and HP-β-CD complexes. Meanwhile, from molecular dynamics simulation, it can be found that the ∆(∆Ebinding ), (∆(∆Ebinding ) = ∆Ebinding,R - ∆Ebinding,S ) value was in order of MA-HP-β-CD complex > MMA-HP-β-CD complex > PMA-HP-β-CD complex, which was consistent with the order of Δ(ΔG) values obtained from van't Hoff plot. This indicated that the molecular dynamics simulation has predictive function for chiral resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Hua Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Yi Lin
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Song-Bo Kou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Li Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Liang Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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10
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Directed evolution of formate dehydrogenase and its application in the biosynthesis of L-phenylglycine from phenylglyoxylic acid. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Construction of recombinant Escherichia coli for production of L-phenylalanine-derived compounds. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:84. [PMID: 33855641 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
L-phenylalanine is an important amino acid that is widely used in the fields of food flavors and pharmaceuticals. Apart from L-phenylalanine itself, various commercially valuable chemical compounds can also be generated via the L-phenylalanine biosynthesis pathway. Compared with direct extraction from plants or synthesis by chemical reaction, microbial production of L-phenylalanine -derived compounds can overcome the drawbacks of environmental pollution, low yield, and mixtures of stereoisomeric products. Accordingly, increasing intracellular levels of precursors, deregulating feedback inhibition and transcription repression, engineering global regulators and other effective strategies have been implemented to produce different L-phenylalanine -derived compounds in the excellent chassis host Escherichia coli. Finally, this review highlights principal strategies for improving the production of L-phenylalanine and/or its derivatives in E. coli, and discusses the future outlook for further enhancing the titer and yields of these compounds.
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Jia YY, Xie YL, Yang LL, Shi HL, Lu YF, Zhang SP, Tang CD, Yao LG, Kan YC. Expression of Novel L-Leucine Dehydrogenase and High-Level Production of L-Tert-Leucine Catalyzed by Engineered Escherichia coli. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:655522. [PMID: 33859982 PMCID: PMC8042219 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.655522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine dehydrogenase (LDH) is a NAD+-dependent oxidoreductase, which can selectively catalyze α-keto acids to obtain α-amino acids and their derivatives. It plays a key role in the biosynthesis of L-tert-leucine (L-Tle). As a non-naturally chiral amino acid, L-Tle can be used as an animal feed additive, nutrition fortifier, which is a perspective and important building block in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food additive industry. In this study, four hypothetical leucine dehydrogenases were discovered by using genome mining technology, using the highly active leucine dehydrogenase LsLeuDH as a probe. These four leucine dehydrogenases were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), respectively, and purified to homogeneity and characterized. Compared with the other enzymes, the specific activity of PfLeuDH also shows stronger advantage. In addition, the highly selective biosynthesis of L-Tle from trimethylpyruvic acid (TMP) was successfully carried out by whole-cell catalysis using engineered E. coli cells as biocatalyst, which can efficiently coexpress leucine dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase. One hundred-millimolar TMP was catalyzed for 25 h, and the yield and space-time yield of L-Tle reached 87.38% (e.e. >99.99%) and 10.90 g L–1 day–1. In short, this research has initially achieved the biosynthesis of L-Tle, laying a solid foundation for the realization of low-cost and large-scale biosynthesis of L-Tle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Jia
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-reactor, Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China.,School of Life Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Yu-Li Xie
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-reactor, Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China.,School of Life Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Lu-Lu Yang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-reactor, Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China.,School of Life Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Hong-Ling Shi
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-reactor, Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China.,School of Life Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Yun-Feng Lu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-reactor, Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China.,School of Life Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Si-Pu Zhang
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cun-Duo Tang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-reactor, Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China.,School of Life Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Lun-Guang Yao
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-reactor, Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China.,School of Life Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Yun-Chao Kan
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-reactor, Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
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13
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Wang HY, Xie YL, Shi X, Shi HL, Xu JH, Tang CD, Yao LG, Kan YC. Directed evolution of a D-mandelate dehydrogenase toward D-o-chloromandelic acid and insight into the molecular basis for its catalytic performance. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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One-Pot Biocatalytic Preparation of Enantiopure Unusual α-Amino Acids from α-Hydroxy Acids via a Hydrogen-Borrowing Dual-Enzyme Cascade. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10121470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Unusual α-amino acids (UAAs) are important fundamental building blocks and play a key role in medicinal chemistry. Here, we constructed a hydrogen-borrowing dual-enzyme cascade for efficient synthesis of UAAs from α-hydroxy acids (α-HAs). D-mandelate dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus brevis (LbMDH) was screened for the catalysis of α-HAs to α-keto acids but with low activity towards aliphatic α-HAs. Therefore, we rational engineered LbMDH to improve its activity towards aliphatic α-HAs. The substitution of residue Leu243 located in the substrate entrance channel with nonpolar amino acids like Met, Trp, and Ile significantly influenced the enzyme activity towards different α-HAs. Compared with wild type (WT), variant L243W showed 103 U/mg activity towards D-α-hydroxybutyric acid, 1.7 times of the WT’s 60.2 U/mg, while its activity towards D-mandelic acid decreased. Variant L243M showed 2.3 times activity towards D-mandelic acid compared to WT, and its half-life at 40 °C increased to 150.2 h comparing with 98.5 h of WT. By combining LbMDH with L-leucine dehydrogenase from Bacillus cereus, the synthesis of structurally diverse range of UAAs from α-HAs was constructed. We achieved 90.7% conversion for L-phenylglycine production and 66.7% conversion for L-α-aminobutyric acid production. This redox self-sufficient cascade provided high catalytic efficiency and generated pure products.
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15
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Sahu R, Meghavarnam AK, Janakiraman S. Response surface methodology: An effective optimization strategy for enhanced production of nitrile hydratase (NHase) by Rhodococcus rhodochrous (RS-6). Heliyon 2020; 6:e05111. [PMID: 33088939 PMCID: PMC7560586 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrile hydratase is an enzyme which catalyze the hydration of nitriles into amide and their role as catalysts for acrylamide production in industries are well known. The present study aims at statistically optimizing physiological and nutritional parameters for NHase production from Rhodococcus rhodochrous (RS-6). The effect of incubation period, temperature, pH, carbon and nitrogen sources on the production of NHase was investigated by one factor at a time strategy. Further optimization process was carried out by response surface methodology for studying the interactive effect of these variables using central composite design. The optimized levels of variables obtained by statistical analysis were: incubation period 48 h, temperature 33 °C, pH 7.0, glycerol 1% and urea 0.75%, which resulted in maximum NHase production. The results of ANOVA were significant with the F-value of the model being 296.78, value of R 2 is 0.9983 and the lack of fit test was not significant. The contour and response surface plots showed significant interaction between the variables. The NHase yield was enhanced up to 6.22 fold by statistical optimization using RSM. Thus, the developed experimental design is effective towards process optimization for NHase production from R. rhodochrous (RS-6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Sahu
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, 560056, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Savitha Janakiraman
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, 560056, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Martínez-Rodríguez S, Torres JM, Sánchez P, Ortega E. Overview on Multienzymatic Cascades for the Production of Non-canonical α-Amino Acids. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:887. [PMID: 32850740 PMCID: PMC7431475 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The 22 genetically encoded amino acids (AAs) present in proteins (the 20 standard AAs together with selenocysteine and pyrrolysine), are commonly referred as proteinogenic AAs in the literature due to their appearance in ribosome-synthetized polypeptides. Beyond the borders of this key set of compounds, the rest of AAs are generally named imprecisely as non-proteinogenic AAs, even when they can also appear in polypeptide chains as a result of post-transductional machinery. Besides their importance as metabolites in life, many of D-α- and L-α-"non-canonical" amino acids (NcAAs) are of interest in the biotechnological and biomedical fields. They have found numerous applications in the discovery of new medicines and antibiotics, drug synthesis, cosmetic, and nutritional compounds, or in the improvement of protein and peptide pharmaceuticals. In addition to the numerous studies dealing with the asymmetric synthesis of NcAAs, many different enzymatic pathways have been reported in the literature allowing for the biosynthesis of NcAAs. Due to the huge heterogeneity of this group of molecules, this review is devoted to provide an overview on different established multienzymatic cascades for the production of non-canonical D-α- and L-α-AAs, supplying neophyte and experienced professionals in this field with different illustrative examples in the literature. Whereas the discovery of new or newly designed enzymes is of great interest, dusting off previous enzymatic methodologies by a "back and to the future" strategy might accelerate the implementation of new or improved multienzymatic cascades.
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