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Bracchi I, Morais J, Coelho JA, Ferreira AF, Alves I, Mendes C, Correia B, Gonçalves A, Guimarães JT, Pires IF, Keating E, Negrão R. The Cardiometabolic Impact of Rebaudioside A Exposure during the Reproductive Stage. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:163. [PMID: 38534433 PMCID: PMC10967885 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The consumption of non-sugar sweeteners (NSS) has increased during pregnancy. The European Food Safety Agency suggested that steviol glycosides, such as Rebaudioside A (RebA), the major sweetener component of stevia, are safe for humans up to a dose of 4 mg/kg body weight/day. However, the World Health Organization recommended in 2023 the restraint of using NSS, including stevia, at any life stage, highlighting the need to study NSS safety in early periods of development. We aimed to study the mitochondrial and cardiometabolic effects of long-term RebA consumption during the reproductive stage of the life cycle. Female rats were exposed to RebA (4 mg steviol equivalents/kg body weight/day) in the drinking water from 4 weeks before mating until weaning. Morphometry, food and water consumption, glucose and lipid homeostasis, heart structure, function, and mitochondrial function were assessed. RebA showed an atrophic effect in the heart, decreasing cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and myocardial fibrosis without repercussions on cardiac function. Mitochondrial and myofilamentary functions were not altered. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were not affected, but fasting glycemia and total plasma cholesterol decreased. This work suggests that this RebA dose is safe for female consumption during the reproductive stage, from a cardiometabolic perspective. However, studies on the effects of RebA exposure on the offspring are mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Bracchi
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (I.B.); (E.K.)
- CINTESIS, Center for Health Technology and Services Research, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Functional Sciences, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Juliana Morais
- CINTESIS, Center for Health Technology and Services Research, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Functional Sciences, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - João Almeida Coelho
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.C.); (C.M.)
- UniC@RISE, Unidade de Investigação e Desenvolvimento Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Ferreira
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.C.); (C.M.)
- UniC@RISE, Unidade de Investigação e Desenvolvimento Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Alves
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.C.); (C.M.)
- UniC@RISE, Unidade de Investigação e Desenvolvimento Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Mendes
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.C.); (C.M.)
- UniC@RISE, Unidade de Investigação e Desenvolvimento Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Correia
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.C.); (C.M.)
- Nutrition & Metabolism, NOVA Medical School|FCM, NOVA University Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Gonçalves
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.C.); (C.M.)
- UniC@RISE, Unidade de Investigação e Desenvolvimento Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Tiago Guimarães
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (I.B.); (E.K.)
- Clinical Pathology, São João University Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Falcão Pires
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.C.); (C.M.)
- UniC@RISE, Unidade de Investigação e Desenvolvimento Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisa Keating
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (I.B.); (E.K.)
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Negrão
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (I.B.); (E.K.)
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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Kurek JM, Mikołajczyk-Stecyna J, Krejpcio Z. Steviol glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni mitigate lipid metabolism abnormalities in diabetes by modulating selected gene expression - An in vivo study. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115424. [PMID: 37677968 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In diabetes, in parallel to hyperglycaemia, elevated serum lipids are also diagnosed, representing a high-risk factor for coronary heart disease and cardiovascular complications. The objective of this study was to unravel the mechanisms that underlie the potential of steviol glycosides (stevioside or rebaudioside A) administered at two doses (500 or 2500 mg/kg body weight for 5 weeks) to regulate lipid metabolism. In this paper, the expression of selected genes responsible for glucose and lipid metabolism (Glut4, Pparγ, Cebpa, Fasn, Lpl and Egr1) in the peripheral tissues (adipose, liver and muscle tissue) was determined using quantitative real-time PCR method. It was found that the supplementation of steviol glycosides affected the expression of Glut4, Cebpa and Fasn genes, depending on the type of the glycoside and its dose, as well as the type of tissue, whish in part may explain the lipid-regulatory potential of steviol glycosides in hyperglycaemic conditions. Nevertheless, more in-depth studies, including human trials, are needed to confirm these effects, before steviol glycosides can be used in the therapy of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Michał Kurek
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Joanna Mikołajczyk-Stecyna
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Krejpcio
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland.
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Dong H, Huang R, Gao L, Yang Y, Xu X, Nie L, Li L, Dong Q, Zhang H, Xu J, Sun J, Zang H. Research on nonlinear quantification of Rebaudioside A crystallization process based on near-infrared sensor fusion. J Pharm Innov 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-022-09679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Teng H, Zhou L, Wang C, Yuan Z, Cao Q, Wu X, Li M. Novel carvedilol-loaded pro-phytomicelles: formulation, characterization and enhanced protective efficacy against acetaminophen-inducedliverinjury in mice. Int J Pharm 2022; 625:122127. [PMID: 35995319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The work describes a novel, small-molecule phytochemicals as nanomaterials based pro-micelles (pro-phytomicelles) drug delivery system, for oral delivery of carvedilol (CAR). This novel nanoformulation of CAR, named CAR pro-phytomicelles, was prepared with rebaudioside A (RA) and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (DG) as mixed nanomaterials. The formulation was optimized, leading to a 502-fold increase in solubility of CAR in water as a result of encapsulation within mixed phytomicelles based on DG and RA. CAR pro-phytomicelles samples could be instantly dissolved into aqueous media to formulate clear phytomicelle solutions with CAR encapsulation efficiency of 99.67 ± 0.02 %, and small micelle size of 15.62 ± 0.27 nm. CAR pro-phytomicelles exhibited good storage stability, rapid in vitro release in simulated intestinal fluid, and improved in vitro antioxidant activity. CAR pro-phytomicelles had good biocompatibility. Protective efficacy evaluation revealed that acetaminophen overdose could induce high mortality and severe liver injury in mice, while CAR pro-phytomicelle treatment exhibited significant protective effect against acetaminophen overdose. This protective efficacy was due to a mechanism that involved the regulation of high-mobility group box 1 and its signaling-related proinflammatory cytokines. These results show that pro-phytomicelles could provide a new concept and promising therapeutics as nanomedicines for improving the activities of CAR against acetaminophen-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhang Teng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao 266034, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhixin Yuan
- Qingdao Haier Biotech Co. Ltd, Qingdao, China
| | - Qilong Cao
- Qingdao Haier Biotech Co. Ltd, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianggen Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| | - Mengshuang Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao 266034, China.
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Potential of Diterpenes as Antidiabetic Agents: Evidence from Clinical and Pre-Clinical Studies. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106158. [PMID: 35272043 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Diterpenes are a diverse group of structurally complex natural products with a wide spectrum of biological activities, including antidiabetic potential. In the last 25 years, numerous diterpenes have been investigated for antidiabetic activity, with some of them reaching the stage of clinical trials. However, these studies have not been comprehensively reviewed in any previous publication. Herein, we critically discussed the literature on the potential of diterpenes as antidiabetic agents, published from 1995 to September, 2021. In the period under review, 427 diterpenes were reported to have varying degrees of antidiabetic activity. Steviol glycosides, stevioside (1) and rebaudioside A (2), were the most investigated diterpenes with promising antidiabetic property using in vitro and in vivo models, as well as human subjects. All the tested pimaranes consistently showed good activity in preclinical evaluations against diabetes. Inhibitions of α-glucosidase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP 1B) activities and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma (PPAR-γ) agonistic property, were the most frequently used assays for studying the antidiabetic activity of diterpenes. The molecular mechanisms of action of the diterpenes include increased GLUT4 translocation, and activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent signaling pathways. Our data revealed that diterpenes hold promising antidiabetic potential. Stevioside (1) and rebaudioside A (2) are the only diterpenes that were advanced to the clinical trial stage of the drug discovery pipeline. Diterpenes belonging to the abietane, labdane, pimarane and kaurane class have shown promising activity in in vitro and in vivo models of diabetes and should be further investigated.
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Ilias AN, Ismail IS, Hamzah H, Mohd Mohidin TB, Idris MF, Ajat M. Rebaudioside A Enhances LDL Cholesterol Uptake in HepG2 Cells via Suppression of HMGCR Expression. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 10:477-487. [PMID: 34981026 PMCID: PMC8718780 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.10.3.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rebaudioside A is one of the major diterpene glycosides found in Stevia had been reported to possess anti-hyperlipidemic effects. In this study, we explore the potential cholesterol-regulating mechanisms of Rebaudioside A in the human hepatoma (HepG2) cell line in comparison with simvastatin. METHODS Cells were incubated with Rebaudioside A at several concentrations (0-10 µM) to determine the cytotoxicity by the MTT assay. Cells were treated with selected dosage (1 and 5 µM) in further experiments. Total cellular lipid was extracted by Bligh and Dyer method and subjected to quantitative colorimetric assay. To illustrate the effect of Rebaudioside A on cellular lipid droplets and low-density lipoprotein receptors, treated cells were subjected to immunofluorescence microscopy. Finally, we investigated the expression of experimental gene patterns of cells in response to treatment. RESULTS In this study, cytotoxicity of Rebaudioside A was determined at 27.72 µM. Treatment of cells with a higher concentration of Rebaudioside A promotes better hepatocellular cholesterol internalization and ameliorates cholesterol-regulating genes such as HMGCR, LDLR, and ACAT2. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our data demonstrated that Rebaudioside A is capable to regulate cholesterol levels in HepG2 cells. Hence, we proposed that Rebaudioside A offers a potential alternative to statins for atherosclerosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirul Nazhan Ilias
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hazilawati Hamzah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, elangor, Malaysia.
| | - Taznim Begam Mohd Mohidin
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Faiz Idris
- Pusat Bahasa dan Pengajian Umum, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Mokrish Ajat
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Mert Ozupek N, Cavas L. Modelling of multilinear gradient retention time of bio-sweetener rebaudioside A in HPLC analysis. Anal Biochem 2021; 627:114248. [PMID: 34022188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Artificial neural network (ANN), as one of the artificial intelligence methods, has been widely using in HPLC studies for modelling purposes. Stevia rebaudiana is an important industrial plant due to its bio-sweetener molecule, rebaudioside-a, in its leaves. Although rebaudioside-a is up to 300-fold sweeter than sucrose, its calorie is almost zero. In this study, HPLC optimization of rebaudioside-a was studied and the optimization data based on multilinear gradient retention times were modelled by ANN. The input parameters were selected as concentrations, column temperatures, initial acetonitrile percentage for the first step of gradient elution, initial acetonitrile percentage for the second step of gradient elution, slope of acetonitrile, wavelengths, flow rates. The retention time was the output. Also, dried S. rebaudiana leaves were extracted and the concentrations were evaluated by HPLC. According to the ANN results, the most effective parameters on the prediction of non-linear gradient retention time for rebaudioside-a were found as flow rate and initial acetonitrile percentage for the second step of gradient. The best back propagation was selected as Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The highest rebaudioside-a level was found as 96.53 ± 6.36 μg mL-1. ANN modelling methods can be used in preparative HPLC applications to estimate the retention time of steviol glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Mert Ozupek
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Dokuz Eylül University, 35160, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Levent Cavas
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Dokuz Eylül University, 35160, İzmir, Turkey; Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Dokuz Eylül University, 35390, İzmir, Turkey.
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Kurek JM, Król E, Krejpcio Z. Steviol Glycosides Supplementation Affects Lipid Metabolism in High-Fat Fed STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010112. [PMID: 33396905 PMCID: PMC7823366 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of health-promoting properties of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and its glycosides, including the antihyperglycemic activity, have been found. The mechanisms of the antidiabetic action of stevia have not been fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementary steviol glycosides on high-fat fed streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with particular attention to lipid metabolism. The experiment was conducted on 70 male Wistar rats, of which 60 were fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks followed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, to induce type 2 diabetes. Afterwards, rats were divided into six groups and fed a high-fat diet supplemented with pure stevioside or rebaudioside A, at two levels (500 or 2500 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) for 5 weeks. Three additional groups: diabetic untreated, diabetic treated with metformin, and healthy, served as respective controls. Blood and dissected internal organs were collected for hematological, biochemical, and histopathological tests. It was found that dietary supplementation with steviol glycosides did not affect blood glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance indices, antioxidant biomarkers, but normalized hyperlipidemia and affected the appetite, as well as attenuated blood liver and kidney function indices, and reduced tissular damage in diabetic rats. Steviol glycosides normalize lipid metabolism and attenuate internal organs damage in diabetes.
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Šeremet D, Mandura A, Cebin AV, Martinić A, Galić K, Komes D. Challenges in confectionery industry: Development and storage stability of innovative white tea-based candies. J Food Sci 2020; 85:2060-2068. [PMID: 32579746 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the development of innovative candies formulations accordant with the present trends in the confectionery industry. Steviol glycosides, sorbitol, and agave syrup were used as sucrose alternatives, while agar and pectin were included instead of gelatin for the formulation of vegan candies. Additionally, white tea extract was used as a candy base and source of bioactive compounds. Bioactive quality (total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, epigallocatechin gallate, and caffeine content) and physicochemical (dry matter, springiness, hardness, color) parameters of candies were monitored during 4 months of storage at 4 and 22 °C. Pectin candies with the highest content of dry matter (79.8%) showed the longest shelf life, while those with agar (52.0% and 66.2%) were the most susceptible to spoilage. Candies prepared with agar were less hard (0.4 and 0.6 N) and with less elastic texture (1.5 and 3.4 mm) and showed the highest stability of physicochemical parameters during storage, while those with pectin were also less hard (0.5 N) but with more elastic texture (10.7 mm) than gelatin candies (3.6 and 4.4 mm; 2.4 and 4.1 N). Although gelatin samples were characterized with the greatest bioactive quality parameters immediately after production, they showed a higher instability of the same parameters during storage compared to the agar and pectin candies. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: According to the consumers' demands for healthier confectionery products, formulations of candies with sucrose alternatives, non-animal hydrocolloids, and natural bioactive compounds were developed. Giving a deeper insight into their physicochemical and bioactive properties, this paper could contribute to confectionery industry in development and optimization of formulations in order to obtain candies with desirable and attractive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Šeremet
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Engineering, University of Zagreb, Pietrotti St 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Mandura
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Engineering, University of Zagreb, Pietrotti St 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aleksandra Vojvodić Cebin
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Engineering, University of Zagreb, Pietrotti St 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Arijana Martinić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Engineering, University of Zagreb, Pietrotti St 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kata Galić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Engineering, University of Zagreb, Pietrotti St 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Draženka Komes
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Engineering, University of Zagreb, Pietrotti St 6, Zagreb, Croatia
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The functional and health-promoting properties of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and its glycosides with special focus on the antidiabetic potential – A review. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Ngekure M X K, Jiang J, Enayatullah H, Ennab W, Mustafa S, Rodeni S, Wei Q, Shi F. Sweet taste receptor agonists alter ovarian functions and ovarian cycles in aged mice. Reprod Biol 2019; 19:230-236. [PMID: 31399370 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Saccharine sodium and rebaudioside A are low-calorie sweeteners, and the biologic effects of these sweeteners in rat ovaries are related to the activity of sweet taste receptors. Data on the impact and regulatory mechanisms underlying such sweeteners on the reproduction of aged animals are currently lacking. In the present study we assessed how the consumption of sweeteners affects the ovarian cycle, ovulation, biochemical indices, and other biologic functions. Thirty-six 1-year-old mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: a control (C) group receiving regular water, a saccharin sodium group receiving a 7.5 mM solution, and the rebaudioside A group receiving a 2.5 mM solution for 30 days. We observed no significant changes in body weights in any group. However, uterine weight in the rebaudioside A group significantly increased in diestrus, and we recorded a significant increase in the percentage of abnormal estrous cycles and the number of corpora lutea in the treatment groups. TUNEL staining and Immunoreactivity for the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) confirmed apoptosis in granulosa cells, oocyte, and corpus luteum. Serum glucose increased significantly in both treatment groups and there was a significant increase in cholesterol in the rebaudioside A group. Furthermore, the saccharin sodium-treated group exhibited elevated serum progesterone levels compared with the other groups. In conclusion, sweeteners manifested deleterious effects on reproductive indices in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Ngekure M X
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jingle Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hamdard Enayatullah
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wael Ennab
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sheeraz Mustafa
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Saif Rodeni
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Quanwei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fangxiong Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Casas-Grajales S, Reyes-Gordillo K, Cerda-García-Rojas CM, Tsutsumi V, Lakshman MR, Muriel P. Rebaudioside A administration prevents experimental liver fibrosis: an in vivo and in vitro study of the mechanisms of action involved. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:1118-1131. [PMID: 30883860 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rebaudioside A (Reb A) is a diterpenoid isolated from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) that has been shown to possess pharmacological activity, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, the ability of Reb A to prevent liver injury has not been evaluated. Therefore, we aimed to study the potential of Reb A (20 mg/kg; two times daily intraperitoneally) to prevent liver injury induced by thioacetamide (TAA) administration (200 mg/kg; three times per week intraperitoneally). In addition, cocultures were incubated with either lipopolysaccharide or ethanol. Antifibrotic, antioxidant and immunological responses were evaluated. Chronic TAA administration produced considerable liver damage and distorted the liver parenchyma with the presence of prominent thick bands of collagen. In addition, TAA upregulated the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor-β1, metalloproteinases 9, 2 and 13, and nuclear factor kappaB and downregulated nuclear erythroid factor 2. Reb A administration prevented all of these changes. In cocultured cells, Reb A prevented the upregulation of genes implicated in fibrotic and inflammatory processes when cells were exposed to ethanol and lipopolysaccharide. Altogether, our results suggest that Reb A prevents liver damage by blocking oxidative processes via upregulation of nuclear erythroid factor 2, exerts immunomodulatory effects by downregulating the nuclear factor-κB system and acts as an antifibrotic agent by maintaining collagen content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sael Casas-Grajales
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Apartado Postal 14-740, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karina Reyes-Gordillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine and Health Science, The George Washington University Medical Center, 2300 I St. NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.,Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, 50 Irving St., Washington, DC, 20422, USA
| | - Carlos M Cerda-García-Rojas
- Department of Chemistry, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Apartado Postal 14-740, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Víctor Tsutsumi
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Apartado Postal 14-740, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Raj Lakshman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine and Health Science, The George Washington University Medical Center, 2300 I St. NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.,Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, 50 Irving St., Washington, DC, 20422, USA
| | - Pablo Muriel
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Apartado Postal 14-740, Mexico City, Mexico
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Hou Y, Wang H, Zhang F, Sun F, Xin M, Li M, Li J, Wu X. Novel self-nanomicellizing solid dispersion based on rebaudioside A: a potential nanoplatform for oral delivery of curcumin. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:557-571. [PMID: 30666114 PMCID: PMC6333391 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s191337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Rebaudioside A (RA) has nanocarrier characteristics that allow it to self-assemble into micelles in aqueous solutions. The purpose of this study was to determine if a self-nanomicellizing solid dispersion based on RA could be utilized as an oral nano-drug delivery system. Materials and methods Curcumin (Cur) served as a model hydrophobic drug, and a Cur-loaded self-nanomicellizing solid dispersion based on RA (RA-Cur) was formulated. The properties of RA-Cur in the solid state and in aqueous solution were characterized. The antioxidant activity and mechanism of RA-Cur endocytosis were also investigated. The pharmacokinetics, biodistribution in the intestinal tract, and anti-inflammation properties were also evaluated in vivo. Results RA-Cur could be easily fabricated, and it self-assembled into ultrasmall micelles (particle size ~4 nm) in a homogeneous distribution state (polydispersity index <0.2) when dissolved in water. Cur was readily encapsulated into RA micelles and this improved its water solubility (to 14.34±1.66 mg/mL), as well as its in vitro release and membrane permeability. The antioxidant activities of Cur in RA-Cur were also significantly improved. Biodistribution in the intestinal tract confirmed a significant enhancement of Cur absorption in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum by encapsulation in RA-Cur, and the absorption of RA-Cur was governed by mixed transcytosis mechanisms. Pharmacokinetic tests of RA-Cur in rats revealed a dramatic 19.06-fold enhancement of oral bioavailability when compared to free Cur. More importantly, oral administration of RA-Cur could efficiently ameliorate ulcerative colitis in a mouse model induced by dextran sodium sulfate. Conclusion Self-nanomicellizing solid dispersions based on RA have great potential as novel oral nano-drug delivery systems for hydrophobic drugs such as Cur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China,
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China,
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China,
| | - Fengyuan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China,
| | - Meng Xin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China, .,Department of Ophthalmology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264100, China
| | - Mengshuang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China, .,Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao 266034, China
| | - Jun Li
- Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xianggen Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China,
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14
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Wang Y, Li L, Wang Y, Zhu X, Jiang M, Song E, Song Y. New application of the commercial sweetener rebaudioside a as a hepatoprotective candidate: Induction of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 822:128-137. [PMID: 29355553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A large population of drug candidates have failed "from bench to bed" due to unwanted toxicities. We intend to develop an alternative approach for drug discovery, that is, to seek candidates from "safe" compounds. Rebaudioside A (Reb-A) is an approved commercial sweetener from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. We found that Reb-A protects against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative injury in human liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Reb-A showed antioxidant activity on reducing cellular reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels while increasing glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Reb-A treatment induced nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) activation and antioxidant response element activity, as well as the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Further mechanistic studies indicated that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), mitogen-active protein kinase (MAPK) and protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) signaling was upregulated. Thus, the present in vitro study conclusively demonstrated that Reb-A is an activator of Nrf2 and is a potential candidate hepatoprotective agent. More importantly, the present study illustrated that seeking drug candidates from "safe" compounds is a promising strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingdong Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400700, People's Republic of China.
| | - Erqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Jiang J, Qi L, Wei Q, Shi F. Effects of daily exposure to saccharin sodium and rebaudioside A on the ovarian cycle and steroidogenesis in rats. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 76:35-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Kishore L, Kaur N, Singh R. Nephroprotective effect of Paeonia emodi via inhibition of advanced glycation end products and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic nephropathy. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 25:576-588. [PMID: 28911644 PMCID: PMC9328827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of alcohol (PA) and hydroalcohol (PHA) extract of Paeonia emodi Royale roots in treatment of streptozotocin–nicotinamide induced diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Wistar rats by streptozotocin (65 mg/kg intraperitoneally) 15 minutes after nicotinamide (230 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) administration and diabetic nephropathy was assessed by measuring serum glucose, renal parameters (urea, uric acid, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen level) and lipid profile. The rats were treated with different doses of extracts (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg) for 45 days. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring tissue antioxidant enzymes level along with the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in kidney. PA and PHA (400 mg/kg) produced significant attenuation in the serum glucose level (165.08 ± 3.353 mg/dL and 154.27 ± 2.209 mg/dL, respectively) as compared to control. Elevated renal parameters, lipid levels, tissue antioxidant enzymes and AGE formation were also restored in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that by amelioration of oxidative stress and formation of AGEs, PA and PHA significantly inhibited the progression diabetic nephropathy in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Kishore
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, M.M. University, Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Navpreet Kaur
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, M.M. University, Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Randhir Singh
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, M.M. University, Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India.
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17
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Anitha T, Rajadurai M. Antioxidative potential of chrysin, a flavone in streptozotocin–nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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18
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Kim YS, Jung DH, Sohn E, Lee YM, Kim CS, Kim JS. Extract of Cassiae semen attenuates diabetic nephropathy via inhibition of advanced glycation end products accumulation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:734-739. [PMID: 24374123 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia leads to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which accelerates the development of diabetic complications. Previous studies have shown that extract of Cassiae semen (CS), the seed of Cassia tora, has inhibitory activity on AGEs formation in vitro and reduces transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) and extracellular matrix protein expression via inhibition of AGEs-mediated signaling in glomerular mesangial cells. In this study, to examine the preventive effects of CS extract on the development of diabetic nephropathy in vivo, streptozotocin (STZ)-injected diabetic rats were orally administered CS extract (200 mg/kg body weight/day) for 12 weeks. Serum glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol in diabetic rats were significantly higher compared to control rats. CS or aminoguanidine (AG) treatment significantly reduced these factors. Proteinuria and creatinine clearance were also significantly decreased in the CS-treated group compared with the untreated diabetic group. The CS-treated group had significantly inhibited COX-2 mRNA and protein, which mediates the symptoms of inflammation in the renal cortex of diabetic rats. Furthermore, histopathological studies of kidney tissue showed that in diabetic rats, AGEs, the receptor for AGEs, TGF-β1, and collagen IV were suppressed by CS treatment. Our data suggest that oral treatment of CS can inhibit the development of diabetic nephropathy via inhibition of AGEs accumulation in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sook Kim
- Korean Medicine-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Jung
- Korean Medicine-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Sohn
- Korean Medicine-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Mi Lee
- Korean Medicine-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Sik Kim
- Korean Medicine-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sook Kim
- Korean Medicine-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea.
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