1
|
Ghenciu LA, Hațegan OA, Bolintineanu SL, Dănilă AI, Faur AC, Prodan-Bărbulescu C, Stoicescu ER, Iacob R, Șișu AM. Immune-Mediated Ocular Surface Disease in Diabetes Mellitus-Clinical Perspectives and Treatment: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1303. [PMID: 38927510 PMCID: PMC11201425 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion, action, or both, with a global prevalence that has tripled in recent decades. This condition poses significant public health challenges, affecting individuals, healthcare systems, and economies worldwide. Among its numerous complications, ocular surface disease (OSD) is a significant concern, yet understanding its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management remains challenging. This review aims to explore the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies of diabetes-related OSD. The ocular surface, including the cornea, conjunctiva, and associated structures, is vital for maintaining eye health, with the lacrimal functional unit (LFU) playing a crucial role in tear film regulation. In DM, changes in glycosaminoglycan metabolism, collagen synthesis, oxygen consumption, and LFU dysfunction contribute to ocular complications. Persistent hyperglycemia leads to the expression of cytokines, chemokines, and cell adhesion molecules, resulting in neuropathy, tear film abnormalities, and epithelial lesions. Recent advances in molecular research and therapeutic modalities, such as gene and stem cell therapies, show promise for managing diabetic ocular complications. Future research should focus on pathogenetically oriented therapies for diabetic neuropathy and keratopathy, transitioning from animal models to clinical trials to improve patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Andreea Ghenciu
- Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Ovidiu Alin Hațegan
- Discipline of Anatomy and Embriology, Medicine Faculty, ‘Vasile Goldis’ Western University of Arad, Revolution Boulevard 94, 310025 Arad, Romania
| | - Sorin Lucian Bolintineanu
- Department of Anatomy and Embriology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (S.L.B.); (A.-I.D.); (A.C.F.); (C.P.-B.); (R.I.); (A.M.Ș.)
| | - Alexandra-Ioana Dănilă
- Department of Anatomy and Embriology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (S.L.B.); (A.-I.D.); (A.C.F.); (C.P.-B.); (R.I.); (A.M.Ș.)
| | - Alexandra Corina Faur
- Department of Anatomy and Embriology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (S.L.B.); (A.-I.D.); (A.C.F.); (C.P.-B.); (R.I.); (A.M.Ș.)
| | - Cătălin Prodan-Bărbulescu
- Department of Anatomy and Embriology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (S.L.B.); (A.-I.D.); (A.C.F.); (C.P.-B.); (R.I.); (A.M.Ș.)
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- IInd Surgery Clinic, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Emil Robert Stoicescu
- Field of Applied Engineering Sciences, Specialization Statistical Methods and Techniques in Health and Clinical Research, Faculty of Mechanics, ‘Politehnica’ University Timisoara, Mihai Viteazul Boulevard No. 1, 300222 Timisoara, Romania;
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Iacob
- Department of Anatomy and Embriology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (S.L.B.); (A.-I.D.); (A.C.F.); (C.P.-B.); (R.I.); (A.M.Ș.)
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Field of Applied Engineering Sciences, Specialization Statistical Methods and Techniques in Health and Clinical Research, Faculty of Mechanics, ‘Politehnica’ University Timisoara, Mihai Viteazul Boulevard No. 1, 300222 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Alina Maria Șișu
- Department of Anatomy and Embriology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (S.L.B.); (A.-I.D.); (A.C.F.); (C.P.-B.); (R.I.); (A.M.Ș.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao J, Hussain SA, Maddu N. Combined administration of gallic acid and glibenclamide mitigate systemic complication and histological changes in the cornea of diabetic rats induced with streptozotocin. Acta Cir Bras 2024; 39:e390124. [PMID: 38324798 PMCID: PMC10852537 DOI: 10.1590/acb390124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effect of gallic acid or its combination with glibenclamide on some biochemical markers and histology of the cornea of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. METHODS Following induction of diabetes, 24 male albino rats were divided into four groups of six rats each. Groups 1 and 2 (control and diabetic) received rat pellets and distilled water; group 3 (gallic acid) received rat pellets and gallic acid (10 mg/kg, orally) dissolved in the distilled water; and group 4 (gallic acid + glibenclamide) received rat pellets, gallic acid (10 mg/kg, orally), and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg, orally) dissolved in the distilled water. The treatments were administered for three months after which the rats were sacrificed after an overnight fast. Blood and sera were collected for the determination of biochemical parameters, while their eyes were excised for histology. RESULTS STZ administration to the rats induced insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, microprotenuria, loss of weight, oxidative stress, inflammation, and alteration of their cornea histology, which was abolished following supplementation with gallic acid or its combination with glibenclamide. CONCLUSIONS The study showed the potentials of gallic acid and glibenclamide in mitigating systemic complication and histological changes in the cornea of diabetic rats induced with STZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Sanmenxia Central Hospital – Department of Ophthalmology – Sanmenxia – China
| | - Shaik Althaf Hussain
- King Saud University – College of Science – Department of Zoology – Riyadh – Saudi Arabia
| | - Narendra Maddu
- Sri Krishnadevaraya University – Department of Biochemistry – Anantapur – India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Böhm EW, Buonfiglio F, Voigt AM, Bachmann P, Safi T, Pfeiffer N, Gericke A. Oxidative stress in the eye and its role in the pathophysiology of ocular diseases. Redox Biol 2023; 68:102967. [PMID: 38006824 PMCID: PMC10701459 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs through an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant defense mechanisms of cells. The eye is particularly exposed to oxidative stress because of its permanent exposure to light and due to several structures having high metabolic activities. The anterior part of the eye is highly exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and possesses a complex antioxidant defense system to protect the retina from UV radiation. The posterior part of the eye exhibits high metabolic rates and oxygen consumption leading subsequently to a high production rate of ROS. Furthermore, inflammation, aging, genetic factors, and environmental pollution, are all elements promoting ROS generation and impairing antioxidant defense mechanisms and thereby representing risk factors leading to oxidative stress. An abnormal redox status was shown to be involved in the pathophysiology of various ocular diseases in the anterior and posterior segment of the eye. In this review, we aim to summarize the mechanisms of oxidative stress in ocular diseases to provide an updated understanding on the pathogenesis of common diseases affecting the ocular surface, the lens, the retina, and the optic nerve. Moreover, we discuss potential therapeutic approaches aimed at reducing oxidative stress in this context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Wilma Böhm
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Francesco Buonfiglio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Voigt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp Bachmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tarek Safi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Loiseau A, Raîche-Marcoux G, Maranda C, Bertrand N, Boisselier E. Animal Models in Eye Research: Focus on Corneal Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16661. [PMID: 38068983 PMCID: PMC10706114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The eye is a complex sensory organ that enables visual perception of the world. The dysfunction of any of these tissues can impair vision. Conduction studies on laboratory animals are essential to ensure the safety of therapeutic products directly applied or injected into the eye to treat ocular diseases before eventually proceeding to clinical trials. Among these tissues, the cornea has unique homeostatic and regenerative mechanisms for maintaining transparency and refraction of external light, which are essential for vision. However, being the outermost tissue of the eye and directly exposed to the external environment, the cornea is particularly susceptible to injury and diseases. This review highlights the evidence for selecting appropriate animals to better understand and treat corneal diseases, which rank as the fifth leading cause of blindness worldwide. The development of reliable and human-relevant animal models is, therefore, a valuable research tool for understanding and translating fundamental mechanistic findings, as well as for assessing therapeutic potential in humans. First, this review emphasizes the unique characteristics of animal models used in ocular research. Subsequently, it discusses current animal models associated with human corneal pathologies, their utility in understanding ocular disease mechanisms, and their role as translational models for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Loiseau
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (G.R.-M.); (C.M.)
| | - Gabrielle Raîche-Marcoux
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (G.R.-M.); (C.M.)
| | - Cloé Maranda
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (G.R.-M.); (C.M.)
| | - Nicolas Bertrand
- Faculty of Pharmacy, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Elodie Boisselier
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (G.R.-M.); (C.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou T, Lee A, Lo ACY, Kwok JSWJ. Diabetic Corneal Neuropathy: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:816062. [PMID: 35281903 PMCID: PMC8905431 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.816062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major global public health problem that can cause complications such as diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic nephropathy. Besides the reporting of reduction in corneal nerve density and decrease in corneal sensitivity in diabetic patients, there may be a subsequent result in delayed corneal wound healing and increased corneal infections. Despite being a potential cause of blindness, these corneal nerve changes have not gained enough attention. It has been proposed that corneal nerve changes may be an indicator for diabetic neuropathy, which can provide a window for early diagnosis and treatment. In this review, the authors aimed to give an overview of the relationship between corneal nerves and diabetic neuropathy as well as the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of corneal nerve fiber changes caused by DM for improved prediction and prevention of diabetic neuropathy. In addition, the authors summarized current and novel therapeutic methods for delayed corneal wound healing, nerve protection and regeneration in the diabetic cornea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Allie Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Amy Cheuk Yin Lo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jeremy Sze Wai John Kwok
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mukherjee S, Yun JW. β-Carotene stimulates browning of 3T3-L1 white adipocytes by enhancing thermogenesis via the β3-AR/p38 MAPK/SIRT signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:153857. [PMID: 34840022 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural compounds with medicinal properties are part of a strategic trend in the treatment of obesity. The vitamin A agent, β-carotene, is a well-known carotenoid, and its numerous functions in metabolism have been widely studied. The activation of thermogenesis by stimulating white fat browning (beiging) has been identified as a treatment for obese individuals. PURPOSE The current study was undertaken to unveil the browning activity of β-carotene in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes. METHODS The effects of β-carotene were evaluated in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes, and gene/protein expressions were determined by performing quantitative real-time PCR, immunoblot analysis, immunofluorescence assessment, and molecular docking techniques. RESULTS β-carotene strikingly increased the expression levels of brown-fat-specific marker proteins (UCP1, PRDM16, and PGC-1α) and beige-fat-specific genes (Cd137, Cidea, Cited1, andTbx1) in 3T3-L1 cells. Exposure to β-carotene also elevated the expressions of key adipogenic transcription factors C/EBPα and PPARγ in white adipocytes but decreased the expressions of lipogenic marker proteins ACC and FAS. Moreover, lipolysis and fat oxidation were regulated by β-carotene via upregulation of ATGL, pHSL, ACOX, and CPT1. In addition, molecular docking studies revealed β-carotene activation of the adenosine A2A receptor and β3-AR. β-Carotene increased the expressions of mitochondrial biogenic markers, stimulated the β3-AR and p38 MAPK signaling pathways and its downstream signaling molecules (SIRTs and ATF2), thereby inducing browning. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results indicate the potential of β-carotene as a natural-source therapeutic anti-obesity agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sulagna Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
An Update on Corneal Biomechanics and Architecture in Diabetes. J Ophthalmol 2019; 2019:7645352. [PMID: 31275634 PMCID: PMC6589322 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7645352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, we have witnessed substantial progress in our understanding of corneal biomechanics and architecture. It is well known that diabetes is a systemic metabolic disease that causes chronic progressive damage in the main organs of the human body, including the eyeball. Although the main and most widely recognized ocular effect of diabetes is on the retina, the structure of the cornea (the outermost and transparent tissue of the eye) can also be affected by the poor glycemic control characterizing diabetes. The different corneal structures (epithelium, stroma, and endothelium) are affected by specific complications of diabetes. The development of new noninvasive diagnostic technologies has provided a better understanding of corneal tissue modifications. The objective of this review is to describe the advances in the knowledge of the corneal alterations that diabetes can induce.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been emerging as one of the most serious health problems worldwide. Ocular complications of DM are currently one of the major causes of blindness in developed countries, among which diabetic retinopathy is relatively well studied and understood. However, although ocular surface complications of DM are common, diabetic complications of anterior segment of the eye, such as, cornea, conjunctiva, and lacrimal glands, are often overlooked. DM is associated with progressive damage to corneal nerves and epithelial cells, which increases the risk of anterior segment disorders including dry eye disease, corneal erosion, persistent epithelial defects, and even sight-threatening corneal ulcer. In this review, the authors will discuss the association of DM with disorders of anterior segment of the eye. Studies indicating the value of corneal nerve assessment as a sensitive, noninvasive, and repeatable biomarker for diabetic neuropathy will also be introduced. In addition, treatment modalities of anterior segment disorders associated with DM is discussed. The studies introduced in this review suggest that early and periodic screening of the anterior segment of the eye, as well as the retina, is important for the optimal treatment of DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Beom Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea,
| | - Hee Kyung Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Joon Young Hyon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bikbova G, Oshitari T, Baba T, Bikbov M, Yamamoto S. Diabetic corneal neuropathy: clinical perspectives. Clin Ophthalmol 2018; 12:981-987. [PMID: 29872257 PMCID: PMC5973365 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s145266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic keratopathy is characterized by impaired innervation of the cornea that leads to decreased sensitivity, with resultant difficulties with epithelial wound healing. These difficulties in wound healing put patients at risk for ocular complications such as surface irregularities, corneal infections, and stromal opacification. Pathological changes in corneal innervations in diabetic patients are an important early indicator of diabetic neuropathy. The decrease in corneal sensitivity is strongly correlated with the duration of diabetes as well as the severity of the neuropathy. This review presents recent findings in assessing the ocular surface as well as the recent therapeutic strategies for optimal management of individuals with diabetes who are susceptible to developing diabetic neuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guzel Bikbova
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Cornea and Refractive Surgery Department, Ufa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Russia
| | - Toshiyuki Oshitari
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Baba
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mukharram Bikbov
- Cornea and Refractive Surgery Department, Ufa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Russia
| | - Shuichi Yamamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rodríguez-González S, Gutiérrez-Ruíz IM, Pérez-Ramírez IF, Mora O, Ramos-Gomez M, Reynoso-Camacho R. Mechanisms related to the anti-diabetic properties of mango (Mangifera indica L.) juice by-product. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
12
|
A systematic review on the impact of diabetes mellitus on the ocular surface. Nutr Diabetes 2017; 7:e251. [PMID: 28319106 PMCID: PMC5380897 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2017.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with extensive morbidity and mortality in any human community. It is well understood that the burden of diabetes is attributed to chronic progressive damage in major end-organs, but it is underappreciated that the most superficial and transparent organ affected by diabetes is the cornea. Different corneal components (epithelium, nerves, immune cells and endothelium) underpin specific systemic complications of diabetes. Just as diabetic retinopathy is a marker of more generalized microvascular disease, corneal nerve changes can predict peripheral and autonomic neuropathy, providing a window of opportunity for early treatment. In addition, alterations of immune cells in corneas suggest an inflammatory component in diabetic complications. Furthermore, impaired corneal epithelial wound healing may also imply more widespread disease. The non-invasiveness and improvement in imaging technology facilitates the emergence of new screening tools. Systemic control of diabetes can improve ocular surface health, possibly aided by anti-inflammatory and vasoprotective agents.
Collapse
|
13
|
Borgohain MP, Chowdhury L, Ahmed S, Bolshette N, Devasani K, Das TJ, Mohapatra A, Lahkar M. Renoprotective and antioxidative effects of methanolic Paederia foetida leaf extract on experimental diabetic nephropathy in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 198:451-459. [PMID: 28111217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Paederia foetida Linn. (Family: Rubiaceae) is widely used as a natural remedy for diabetes mellitus by the Nepali and Lepcha tribes of Sikkim and Darjeeling Himalayan region. The plant is administered to a diabetic individual in the form of leaf infusion for 2-3 weeks. Therefore, we investigated the effects of methanolic leaf extract of Paederia foetida (MEPF) on alloxan (ALX) induced diabetic renal oxidative stress and NF-kB dependent renoinflammatory events in rat. Method Effects of MEPF on blood glucose, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), serum and oxidative stress markers were evaluated in ALX induced diabetic wistar rats. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out to estimate serum IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and renal tissue NF-kB p65 levels. MEPF treatment was given to the diabetic rats at a dose of 250 and 500mg/kg body weight (b.w.). RESULTS & DISCUSSION MEPF treatment significantly reduced hyperglycaemia, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglycerides (TRIGs), and total cholesterol (TCHOL) levels in the diabetic rats, whereas it significantly restored GFR and serum albumin level. The activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant machineries was remarkably augmented by MEPF treatment. Likewise, it also significantly lowered lipid peroxidation which was evidenced by decreased concentration of thiobarbituric reactive substances (malondialdehyde, MDA) in the renal tissue of treated diabetic groups. Moreover, MEPF treated animals exhibited low serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α compared to the diabetic control rats. It showed a dose dependent inhibition of NF-kB activation in the diabetic kidney, but the effects were more prominent at a dose of 500mg/kg. Histopathological examinations also confirmed its nephroprotective action during diabetes. CONCLUSION MEPF treatment mitigates oxidative stress and suppresses renal inflammation via inhibition of NF-kB in diabetic kidney in early progressive diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M P Borgohain
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - L Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - S Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - N Bolshette
- Institute Level Biotech-hub, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - K Devasani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - T J Das
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - A Mohapatra
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - M Lahkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Gauhati Medical College & Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India; Institute Level Biotech-hub, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Guwahati, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Borgohain MP, Lahkar M, Ahmed S, Chowdhury L, Kumar S, Pant R, Choubey A. Small Molecule Inhibiting Nuclear Factor-kB Ameliorates Oxidative Stress and Suppresses Renal Inflammation in Early Stage of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy in Rat. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 120:442-449. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manash P. Borgohain
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; Guwahati Assam India
| | - Mangala Lahkar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; Guwahati Assam India
- Department of Pharmacology; Gauhati Medical College & Hospital; Guwahati Assam India
- Institute Level Biotech-hub; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research; Guwahati Assam India
| | - Sahabuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; Guwahati Assam India
| | - Liakat Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; Guwahati Assam India
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; Guwahati Assam India
| | - Rajat Pant
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; Guwahati Assam India
| | - Abhinav Choubey
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; Guwahati Assam India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim JK. An update on the potential health benefits of carotenes. EXCLI JOURNAL 2016; 15:1-4. [PMID: 27047317 PMCID: PMC4817424 DOI: 10.17179/excli2015-664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 406-772, Korea
| |
Collapse
|