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Trivedi A, Ahmad R, Siddiqui S, Misra A, Khan MA, Srivastava A, Ahamad T, Khan MF, Siddiqi Z, Afrin G, Gupta A, Upadhyay S, Husain I, Ahmad B, Mehrotra S, Kant S. Prophylactic and therapeutic potential of selected immunomodulatory agents from Ayurveda against coronaviruses amidst the current formidable scenario: an in silico analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:9648-9700. [PMID: 34243689 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1932601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is currently a dearth of specific therapies to treat respiratory infections caused by the three related species of coronaviruses viz. SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Prevention from disease is currently the safest and most convenient alternative available. The present study aimed to evaluate the preventive and therapeutic effect of fifteen phytoconstituents from medicinal plants of Ayurveda against coronaviruses by in silico screening. All the phytoconstituents exhibited rapid GI absorption and bioavailability and most of them had no toxicity versus reference drug chloroquine. BAS analyses revealed that most of the phytocomponents had favorable bioactivity scores towards biological target proteins. Principal component analysis revealed that most of the phytoconstituents fell close to chloroquine in 3D projection of chemical space. Affinity of phytoconstituents towards SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-human ACE2 complex decreased as isomeldenin > tinosporaside > EGCG whereas in case of unbound ACE2, the strength of binding followed the order isomeldenin > tinosporaside > ellagic acid. Towards SARS-CoV-2 main and papain-like proteases, the affinity decreased as isomeldenin > EGCG > tinosporaside and EGCG > tinosporaside > isomeldenin, respectively. Most phytoconstituents displayed significant binding kinetics to the selected protein targets than chloroquine. SAR analysis revealed that isomeldenin, tinosporaside, EGCG and ellagic acid bind to viral spike glycoproteins via H-bond, Pi-Pi, Pi-sigma and Pi-alkyl type interactions. Molecular dynamics simulation of isomeldenin and EGCG with SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins exhibited low deviations throughout the 100 ns simulation indicating good stability and compactness of the protein-ligand complexes. Thus, the above four phytoconstituents have the potential to emerge as prophylactic and therapeutic agents against coronaviruses if investigated further in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchal Trivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rumana Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sahabjada Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aparna Misra
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Aditi Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tanveer Ahamad
- Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Faheem Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Zeba Siddiqi
- Department of Medicine, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gazala Afrin
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anamika Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivbrat Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ishrat Husain
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- Research Cell, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sudhir Mehrotra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Surya Kant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Moga MA, Bălan A, Anastasiu CV, Dimienescu OG, Neculoiu CD, Gavriș C. An Overview on the Anticancer Activity of Azadirachta indica (Neem) in Gynecological Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123898. [PMID: 30563141 PMCID: PMC6321405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a wide range of studies have pointed out the importance of nutraceuticals as reservoirs of therapeutic compounds for several diseases, including cancer. This study is centered on the role of some nutraceuticals as anticancer agents and on their efficiency in the oncological gynecological field. Gynecological cancers include cervical, ovarian, and breast neoplasia and these are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the female population. Cervical neoplasia affects sexually active women aged between 30 and 40 years and is considered the second leading cause of death for women worldwide. Epidemiological studies have shown a strong association of this cancer with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, independent of any others risk factors. Ovarian cancer represents about 4% of all women’s cancers and breast neoplasia registers 52.8 new cases per 100,000 women annually. Since ancient times, herbal therapies have shown a wide range of beneficial effects and a high potential for safeguarding human health. Azadirachta indica (Neem) is a medicinal plant of Indian origin, a tree with more of 140 isolated compounds and at least 35 biologically active principles that have shown an important influence as tumor suppressors by interfering with the carcinogenesis process. Used for centuries in Asia as a natural remedy for cancer, neem compounds present in bark, leaves, flowers, and seed oil have been shown to possess properties such as chemopreventive capacity, apoptotic activities, immunomodulatory effects, and induction of p53-independent apoptosis. The current study is a systematic literature review based on the anticarcinogenic potential of neem compounds in gynecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Alexandru Moga
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania.
| | - Andreea Bălan
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania.
| | - Costin Vlad Anastasiu
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania.
| | - Oana Gabriela Dimienescu
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania.
| | - Carmen Daniela Neculoiu
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University Transilvania Braşov, 500019 Brasov, Romania.
| | - Claudia Gavriș
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania.
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