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Potential Anti-Amnesic Activity of a Novel Multimodal Derivative of Salicylamide, JJGW08, in Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030399. [PMID: 36986498 PMCID: PMC10056859 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory impairments constitute a significant problem worldwide, and the COVID-19 pandemic dramatically increased the prevalence of cognitive deficits. Patients with cognitive deficits, specifically memory disturbances, have underlying comorbid conditions such as schizophrenia, anxiety, or depression. Moreover, the available treatment options have unsatisfactory effectiveness. Therefore, there is a need to search for novel procognitive and anti-amnesic drugs with additional pharmacological activity. One of the important therapeutic targets involved in the modulation of learning and memory processes are serotonin receptors, including 5-HT1A, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7, which also play a role in the pathophysiology of depression. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the anti-amnesic and antidepressant-like potential of JJGW08, a novel arylpiperazine alkyl derivative of salicylamide with strong antagonistic properties at 5-HT1A and D2 receptors and weak at 5-HT2A and 5-HT7 receptors in rodents. First, we investigated the compound’s affinity for 5-HT6 receptors using the radioligand assays. Next, we assessed the influence of the compound on long-term emotional and recognition memory. Further, we evaluated whether the compound could protect against MK-801-induced cognitive impairments. Finally, we determined the potential antidepressant-like activity of the tested compound. We found that JJGW08 possessed no affinity for 5-HT6 receptors. Furthermore, JJGW08 protected mice against MK-801-induced recognition and emotional memory deficits but showed no antidepressant-like effects in rodents. Therefore, our preliminary study may suggest that blocking serotonin receptors, especially 5-HT1A and 5-HT7, might be beneficial in treating cognitive impairments, but it requires further investigation.
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Seen SB, Gong Y, Ashton M. The application of the Fischer indole synthesis in medicinal chemistry. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abdelsayed EM, Medhat D, Mandour YM, Hanafi RS, Motaal AA. Niazimicin: A thiocarbamate glycoside from Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds with a novel neuroprotective activity. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13992. [PMID: 34747026 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera (MO) known as the miracle tree is a famous nutritional source in many countries. In this study, the neuroprotective activity of MO seeds was investigated. Fractions of the 70% ethanol seed extract of MO were injected at a dose of 250 mg kg-1 day-1 to albino rats for 15 days, after-which induction of dementia was done using 100 mg/kg AlCl3 over 30 days. Results revealed that all fractions ameliorated the effects of AlCl3 where methylene chloride and ethyl acetate fractions, containing the major bioactive compound niazimicin (NZ), showed the best activities. Biological investigations proved NZ to be a highly potent neuroprotective drug lead as a first report, by causing a decrease in the levels of malondialdehyde, cholinesterase, nitric oxide (NO) and amyloid β by 47%, 34%, 53% and 59%, respectively, and increasing glutathione levels by 54%. Molecular docking studies suggested NZ neuroprotective effects to be mediated by inhibition of caspase-3 and inducible nitric oxide synthase enzymes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The current findings present the neuroprotective effect of Moringa oleifera seeds consumed as a food supplement and in daily diet. In addition, niazimicin is a promising lead for the development of novel agents against Alzheimer's disease as seen by the reported results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Abdelsayed
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia Medhat
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasmine M Mandour
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha S Hanafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira Abdel Motaal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Gyertyán I, Kassai F, Kozma K, Kitka T, Ernyey AJ. Procognitive profiling of a serotonin 5-HT 6 receptor antagonist in a complex model system in rats: A novel translational approach for clinical prediction. Brain Res Bull 2020; 165:238-245. [PMID: 33086133 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The serial clinical failures of novel cognitive enhancer candidates point out the lack of predictive power in the preceding animal experimentation. For a more predictive profiling of putative procognitive drugs in rodents, we recently elaborated a methodical approach which consists of three fundamental steps: 1. teaching various learning tasks representing different cognitive domains to the same cohort of animals with the aim to create a population with 'widespread knowledge'. 2. Applying a cognitive deficit-inducing intervention to transform this cohort of animals to a 'patient population'. 3. Testing putative procognitive drugs with a 'clinical trial-like' design on the wide spectrum of cognitive (dys)functions in the actual 'patient population'. The present study has been the first trial to test the feasibility and utility of the proposed system. METHODS The population with 'widespread knowledge' consisted of 2 year old male Long-Evans rats with a learning history in five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT, attentional paradigm), Morris water maze (MWM, spatial learning), a cooperative task carried out in pairs (social learning), and a skill-learning task, "pot-jumping". For inducing cognitive deficit, thus creating a 'patient population' we increased the difficulty of the tasks. For the cognitive enhancer mechanism to test in the system we chose a serotonin 5-HT6 receptor antagonist compound, RO4368554. Animals were randomly assigned to vehicle- and drug treated groups based on their baseline learning performance and their response in a pilot test of increase in task difficulty. During the 13-day long treatment with 3 mg/kg ip. RO4368554 all the learning paradigms were repeatedly run with increased difficulty supplemented with a novel object recognition test (NOR, episodic memory). RESULTS In the 5-CSRTT, reducing the stimulus duration from 1 s to 0.25 s caused a significant decrease in the percentage of correct responses (from 52 % to 31 % in the control group) which was not affected by the 5-HT6 receptor antagonist treatment (correct responses decreased from 58 % to 31 %). In the MWM, replacing the escape platform to a new location did not mean a hard challenge for the rats. Members of both groups could find it within a relatively short time: mean escape latencies were 83 s and 65 s at the first replacement trial and 58 s and 74 s at the second one in the control and drug-treated groups, respectively. In the cooperation paradigm, where the rats had to perform simultaneous nose-pokes to get a reward, task difficulty was increased by requiring two consecutive simultaneous nose-poking from the animals. This caused a fall in the percentage of successful trials in both groups (from 48 % to 12 % and from 50 % to 20 % in the saline - and drug-treated group, respectively), however, by the end of the treatment RO4368554-treated animals showed significantly higher performance (29 %) than saline treated rats (2%). The NOR test, carried out with a 5 -h delay, revealed poor recognition memory in both groups (discrimination index (DI) values were 0.13 and 0.06 for saline and RO4368554, respectively). Performance in the pot jumping test was also not improved by the drug-treatment. CONCLUSIONS The applied study design allowed parallel measurements of the action of the test compound on several cognitive functions and to follow its time course. RO4368554 did not show notable effects on impaired attention and visual recognition; nor did it affect spatial and procedural learning, but it exerted beneficial effect on cooperative behaviour. The revealed activity pattern highlight the cognitive domain most sensitive to the particular drug effect and may give hints for further target validating and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Gyertyán
- MTA-SE NAP B Cognitive Translational Behavioural Pharmacology Group, Semmelweis University, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Hungary; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary.
| | - Ferenc Kassai
- MTA-SE NAP B Cognitive Translational Behavioural Pharmacology Group, Semmelweis University, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Hungary; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary
| | - Kata Kozma
- MTA-SE NAP B Cognitive Translational Behavioural Pharmacology Group, Semmelweis University, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Hungary; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kitka
- ATRC Aurigon Toxicological Research Center Ltd., Hungary
| | - Aliz Judit Ernyey
- MTA-SE NAP B Cognitive Translational Behavioural Pharmacology Group, Semmelweis University, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Hungary; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary
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Madi YF, Choucry MA, El-Marasy SA, Meselhy MR, El-Kashoury ESA. UPLC-Orbitrap HRMS metabolic profiling of Cymbopogon citratus cultivated in Egypt; neuroprotective effect against AlCl 3-induced neurotoxicity in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 259:112930. [PMID: 32376365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) is commonly used in teas, soups and treat inflammatory-based ailments, vascular and nervous disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of Cymbopogon citratus leaves through scientific protocol. The effect of aqueous (AE) and ethanolic (EE) extracts was evaluated against AlCl3-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) in rats. Metabolic profiling of the plant, isolation of bioactive compounds and standardization of the active fraction were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS AE of Cymbopogon citratus leaves was prepared as per traditional method (infusion), EE was prepared by repeated maceration in 90% ethanol, bioactive fraction (BAEE) was obtained from EE and the active compounds thereof were obtained by column chromatography. Metabolic profiling of Cymbopogon citratus was performed by UPLC-Orbitrap HRMS and HPLC was used for standardization. AlCl3-induced Alzheimer's rats were used to assess neuroprotective effect of the extracts. Neuroprotective mechanism(s) of Cymbopogon citratus extracts was clarified through histopathological examination of brain tissues, estimation of AD biochemical markers, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in brain homogenates. In addition, antioxidant (using DPPH assay) and anticholinesterase (using modified Ellman's method) activities were investigated. RESULTS AlCl3-treated rats (17 mg/kg/day) showed histopathological alteration in brain tissues together with elevated levels of Aβ, tau proteins, MDA, NF-kB and IL-6. However, treatment with AE and EE of Cymbopogon citratus leaves prevented the pathological changes and maintained the levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. In addition, BAEE significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase enzyme (2.11 ± 0.11 mg/ml) and exhibited a strong antioxidant activity (24.99 ± 0.00 μg/ml). UPLC-MS of Cymbopogon citratus leaves showed peaks for twenty-eight compounds, twenty-one of them were identified. Three flavonoids; isoorientin, isoschaftoside and luteolin-7-O-neohesperidoside were isolated from BAEE as major constituents. The powdered leaves of Cymbopogon citratus was found to contain remarkable amounts of caffeic acid (3.49 mg/g dry wt.) and isoorientin (7.37 mg/g dry wt.) as determined by HPLC. CONCLUSION Cymbopogon citratus ethanolic extract attenuates AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity in rats through inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. This effect could possibly attributed, in part to its high content of phenolic acids and flavonoids. Accordingly, we recommend Cymbopogon citratus leaves for protection against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine F Madi
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Mouchira A Choucry
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, 11361, Egypt.
| | - Salma A El-Marasy
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Meselhy R Meselhy
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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de Assis Brasil ES, Guerino Furini CR, da Silva Rodrigues F, Nachtigall EG, Kielbovicz Behling JA, Saenger BF, Farias CP, de Carvalho Myskiw J, Izquierdo I. The blockade of the serotoninergic receptors 5-HT5A, 5-HT6 and 5-HT7 in the basolateral amygdala, but not in the hippocampus facilitate the extinction of fear memory. Behav Brain Res 2019; 372:112055. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Wideman CE, Jardine KH, Winters BD. Involvement of classical neurotransmitter systems in memory reconsolidation: Focus on destabilization. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 156:68-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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5-HT6 receptor agonist EMD386088 impairs behavioral flexibility and working memory. Behav Brain Res 2018; 349:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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El-Marasy SA, Abd-Elsalam RM, Ahmed-Farid OA. Ameliorative Effect of Silymarin on Scopolamine-induced Dementia in Rats. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2018; 6:1215-1224. [PMID: 30087724 PMCID: PMC6062269 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: This study aims to elucidate the possible ameliorative effect of silymarin on scopolamine-induced dementia using the object recognition test (ORT) in rats. METHODS: The study was extended to demonstrate the role of cholinergic activity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, brain neurotransmitters and histopathological changes in the anti-amnestic effect of silymarin in demented rats. Wistar rats were pre-treated with silymarin (200, 400, 800 mg/kg) or donepezil (10 mg/kg) orally for 14 consecutive days. Dementia was induced after the last drug administration by a single intraperitoneal dose of scopolamine (16 mg/kg). Then behavioural, biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses were then performed. RESULTS: Rats pre-treated with silymarin counteracted scopolamine-induced non-spatial working memory impairment in the ORT and decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), elevated reduced glutathione (GSH), restored gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and dopamine (DA) contents in the cortical and hippocampal brain homogenates. Silymarin reversed scopolamine-induced histopathological changes. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that silymarin mitigated protein expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) in the brain cortex and hippocampus. All these effects of silymarin were similar to that of the standard anti-amnestic drug, donepezil. CONCLUSION: This study reveals that the ameliorative effect of silymarin on scopolamine-induced dementia in rats using the ORT maybe in part mediated by, enhancement of cholinergic activity, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities as well as mitigation in brain neurotransmitters and histopathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reham M Abd-Elsalam
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Giza, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar A Ahmed-Farid
- Physiology Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
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Bokare AM, Bhonde M, Goel R, Nayak Y. 5-HT6 receptor agonist and antagonist modulates ICV-STZ-induced memory impairment in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1557-1570. [PMID: 29502275 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4866-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES 5-HT6 receptors are mainly expressed in brain areas associated with learning and memory. Several studies have reported procognitive effects of both 5-HT6 agonist and antagonists. However, the exact mechanism 5-HT6 receptor modulation has not been properly studied especially in the context of cholinergic functions, cerebral blood flow (CBF), brain-derived neural factor (BDNF), oxidative stress, and behavioral changes. METHODS In the present study, memory impairment was induced in albino Wistar rats by two doses of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 3 mg/kg) on first and third day. These rats were evaluated in a battery of behavioral tasks after 14 days from the first day of ICV-STZ. RESULTS Significant memory impairment was seen when ICV-STZ induced rats are assessed by Morris water maze, novel object recognition, social recognition, and passive avoidance tests. There was a significant reduction in CBF, increased oxidative stress (MDA, GSH, and ROS), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and a decrease in BDNF. Treatment with selective 5-HT6 agonist EMD-386088 (5 mg/kg) and antagonist SB-399885 (10 mg/kg) prevented ICV-STZ-induced memory impairment when assessed by behavioral tests. Treatment with 5-HT6 ligands significantly prevented the change in CBF and BDNF. Further, protected from MDA and ROS and decreasing GSH in the brain compared to ICV-STZ rats. The rice in brain AChE activity was normalized by both ligands. The changes in locomotor activity by EMD-386088 and SB-399885 treatment were negligible. CONCLUSION The findings in this study support the therapeutic potential of 5-HT6 receptor ligands in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand M Bokare
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Limited (Research Park), 46A/47A, Village, Nande, Mulshi Taluka, Pune, Pin 412 115, India
| | - Mandar Bhonde
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Limited (Research Park), 46A/47A, Village, Nande, Mulshi Taluka, Pune, Pin 412 115, India
| | - Rajan Goel
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Limited (Research Park), 46A/47A, Village, Nande, Mulshi Taluka, Pune, Pin 412 115, India
| | - Yogendra Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, Pin 576104, India.
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de Jong IE, Mørk A. Antagonism of the 5-HT 6 receptor – Preclinical rationale for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2017; 125:50-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nirogi R, Shinde A, Kambhampati RS, Mohammed AR, Saraf SK, Badange RK, Bandyala TR, Bhatta V, Bojja K, Reballi V, Subramanian R, Benade V, Palacharla RC, Bhyrapuneni G, Jayarajan P, Goyal V, Jasti V. Discovery and Development of 1-[(2-Bromophenyl)sulfonyl]-5-methoxy-3-[(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)methyl]-1H-indole Dimesylate Monohydrate (SUVN-502): A Novel, Potent, Selective and Orally Active Serotonin 6 (5-HT 6) Receptor Antagonist for Potential Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. J Med Chem 2017; 60:1843-1859. [PMID: 28212021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of a novel series of 3-(piperazinylmethyl) indole derivatives as 5-hydroxytryptamine-6 receptor (5-HT6R) antagonists resulted in identification of 1-[(2-bromophenyl)sulfonyl]-5-methoxy-3-[(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)methyl]-1H-indole dimesylate monohydrate (5al, SUVN-502) as a clinical candidate for potential treatment of cognitive disorders. It has high affinity at human 5-HT6R (Ki = 2.04 nM) and selectivity over 100 target sites which include receptors, enzymes, peptides, growth factors, ion channels, steroids, immunological factors, second messengers, and prostaglandins. It has high selectivity over 5-HT2A receptor. It is orally bioavailable and brain penetrant with robust preclinical efficacy. The combination of 5al, donepezil, and memantine (triple combination) produces synergistic effects in extracellular levels of acetylcholine in the ventral hippocampus. Preclinical efficacy in triple combination and high selectivity over 5-HT2A receptors are the differentiating features which culminated in selection of 5al for further development. The Phase-1 evaluation of safety and pharmacokinetics has been completed, allowing for the initiation of a Phase-2 proof of concept study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishna Nirogi
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd , Serene Chambers, Road-5, Avenue-7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India
| | - Anil Shinde
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd , Serene Chambers, Road-5, Avenue-7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India
| | - Rama Sastry Kambhampati
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd , Serene Chambers, Road-5, Avenue-7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India
| | - Abdul Rasheed Mohammed
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd , Serene Chambers, Road-5, Avenue-7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India
| | - Sangram Keshari Saraf
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd , Serene Chambers, Road-5, Avenue-7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Badange
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd , Serene Chambers, Road-5, Avenue-7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India
| | - Thrinath Reddy Bandyala
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd , Serene Chambers, Road-5, Avenue-7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India
| | - Venugopalarao Bhatta
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd , Serene Chambers, Road-5, Avenue-7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India
| | - Kumar Bojja
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd , Serene Chambers, Road-5, Avenue-7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India
| | - Veena Reballi
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd , Serene Chambers, Road-5, Avenue-7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India
| | - Ramkumar Subramanian
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd , Serene Chambers, Road-5, Avenue-7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India
| | - Vijay Benade
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd , Serene Chambers, Road-5, Avenue-7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India
| | - Raghava Choudary Palacharla
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd , Serene Chambers, Road-5, Avenue-7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India
| | - Gopinadh Bhyrapuneni
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd , Serene Chambers, Road-5, Avenue-7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India
| | - Pradeep Jayarajan
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd , Serene Chambers, Road-5, Avenue-7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India
| | - Vinod Goyal
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd , Serene Chambers, Road-5, Avenue-7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India
| | - Venkat Jasti
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd , Serene Chambers, Road-5, Avenue-7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India
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Serotonin 5-HT 6 Receptor Antagonists in Alzheimer's Disease: Therapeutic Rationale and Current Development Status. CNS Drugs 2017; 31:19-32. [PMID: 27914038 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-016-0399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in elderly people. Because of the lack of effective treatments for this illness, research focused on identifying compounds that restore cognition and functional impairments in patients with AD is a very active field. Since its discovery in 1993, the serotonin 5-HT6 receptor has received increasing attention, and a growing number of studies supported 5-HT6 receptor antagonism as a target for improving cognitive dysfunction in AD. This article reviews the rationale behind investigations into the targeting of 5-HT6 receptors as a symptomatic treatment for cognitive and/or behavioral symptoms of AD. In addition to describing the available clinical evidence, this article also describes the purported biochemical and neurochemical mechanisms of action by which 5-HT6 receptor antagonists could influence cognition, and the preclinical data supporting this therapeutic approach to AD. A large number of publications describing the development of ligands for this receptor have come to light and preclinical data indicate the procognitive efficacy of 5-HT6 receptor antagonists. Subsequently, the number of patents protecting 5-HT6 chemical entities has continuously grown. Some of these compounds have successfully undergone phase I clinical studies and have been further evaluated in clinical phase II trials with variable success. Phase II studies have also revealed the potential of combining 5-HT6 receptor antagonism and cholinesterase inhibition. Two of these antagonists, idalopirdine and RVT-101, have been further developed into ongoing phase III clinical trials. Overall, 5-HT6 receptor antagonists can reasonably be regarded as potential drug candidates for the treatment of AD.
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Activation and blockade of serotonin6 receptors in the dorsal hippocampus enhance T maze and hole-board performance in a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 2016; 1650:184-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Asselot R, Simon-O'Brien E, Lebourgeois S, Nee G, Delaunay V, Duchatelle P, Bouet V, Dauphin F. Time-dependent impact of glutamatergic modulators on the promnesiant effect of 5-HT 6R blockade on mice recognition memory. Pharmacol Res 2016; 118:111-118. [PMID: 27373846 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Selective antagonists at serotonin 5-HT6 receptors (5-HT6R) improve memory performance in rodents and are currently under clinical investigations. If blockade of 5-HT6R is known to increase glutamate release, only two studies have so far demonstrated an interaction between 5-HT6R and glutamate transmission, but both, using the non-competitive NMDA antagonist MK-801, insensitive to variations of glutamate concentrations. In a place recognition task, we investigated here in mice the role of glutamate transmission in the beneficial effects of 5-HT6R blockade (SB-271046). Through the use of increasing intervals (2, 4 and 6h) between acquisition and retrieval, we investigated the time-dependent impact of two different glutamatergic modulators. NMDAR-dependant glutamate transmission (NMDA Receptors) was either blocked by the competitive antagonist at NMDAR, CGS 19755, or potentiated by the glycine transporter type 1 (GlyT1) inhibitor, NFPS. Results showed that neither SB-271046, nor CGS 19755, nor NFPS, alter behavioural performances after short intervals, i.e. when control mice displayed significant memory performances (2h and 4h) (respectively 10, 3, and 0.625mg.kg-1). Conversely, with the 6h-interval, a situation in which spontaneous forgetting is observed in control mice, SB-271046 improved recognition memory performances. This beneficial effect was prevented when co-administered with either CGS 19755 or NFPS, which themselves had no effect. Interestingly, a dose-dependent effect was observed with NFPS, with promnesic effect observed at lower dose (0.156mg.kg-1) when administrated alone, whereas it did no modify promnesic effect of SB-271046. These results demonstrate that promnesiant effect induced by 5-HT6R blockade is sensitive to the competitive blockade of NMDAR and underline the need of a fine adjustment of the inhibition of GlyT1. Overall, our findings support the idea of a complex crosstalk between serotonergic and glutamatergic systems in the promnesic properties of 5-HT6R antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gérald Nee
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN,GMPc, 14000 Caen, France
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Ivachtchenko AV, Lavrovsky Y, Ivanenkov YA. AVN-211, Novel and Highly Selective 5-HT6 Receptor Small Molecule Antagonist, for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:945-63. [PMID: 26886442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Within the past decade several novel targets have been indicated as key players in Alzheimer-type dementia and associated conditions, including a "frightening" memory loss as well as severe cognitive impairments. These proteins are deeply implicated in crucial cell processes, e.g., autophagy, growth and progression, apoptosis, and metabolic equilibrium. Since recently, 5-HT6R has been considered as one of the most prominent biological targets in AD drug therapy. Therefore, we investigated the potential procognitive and neuroprotective effects of our novel selective 5-HT6R antagonist, AVN-211. During an extensive preclinical evaluation the lead compound demonstrated a relatively high therapeutic potential and improved selectivity toward 5-HT6R as compared to reference drug candidates. It was thoroughly examined in different in vivo behavioral models directly related to AD and showed evident improvements in cognition and learning. In many cases, the observed effect was considerably greater than that determined for the reported drugs and drug candidates, including memantine, SB-742457, and Lu AE58054, evaluated under the same conditions. In addition, AVN-211 showed a similar or better anxiolytic efficacy than fenobam, rufinamide, lorazepam, and buspirone in an elevated plus-maze model, elevated platform, and open field tests. The compound demonstrated low toxicity and no side effects in vivo, an appropriate pharmacokinetic profile, and stability. In conclusion, AVN-211 significantly delayed or partially halted the progressive decline in memory function associated with AD, which makes it an interesting drug candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Advanced clinical trials are currently under active discussion and in high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre V Ivachtchenko
- Alla Chem LLC , 1835 East Hallandale Beach Boulevard, #442, Hallandale Beach, Florida 33009, United States.,Avineuro Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 1835 East Hallandale Beach Boulevard, #442, Hallandale Beach, Florida 33009, United States
| | - Yan Lavrovsky
- R-Pharm Overseas, Inc. , 12526 High Bluff Drive, Suite #300, San Diego, California 92130, United States
| | - Yan A Ivanenkov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University) , 9 Institutskiy Lane, Dolgoprudny City, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation.,Chemistry Department, Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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Asaoka N, Nagayasu K, Nishitani N, Yamashiro M, Shirakawa H, Nakagawa T, Kaneko S. Olanzapine augments the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors by suppressing GABAergic inhibition via antagonism of 5-HT₆ receptors in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Neuropharmacology 2015; 95:261-8. [PMID: 25863120 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The combination of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and atypical antipsychotic drugs shows better therapeutic efficacy than SSRI monotherapy in the treatment of depression. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the augmenting effects of olanzapine are not fully understood. Here, we report that olanzapine enhances the SSRI-induced increase in extracellular serotonin (5-HT) levels and antidepressant-like effects by inhibiting GABAergic neurons through 5-HT6 receptor antagonism in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). In organotypic raphe slice cultures, treatment with olanzapine (1-100 μM) enhanced the increase in extracellular 5-HT levels in the presence of fluoxetine (10 μM) or citalopram (1 μM). The enhancing effect of olanzapine was not further augmented by the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline. Electrophysiological analysis revealed that olanzapine (50 μM) decreased the firing frequency of GABAergic neurons in acute DRN slices. Among many serotonergic agents, the 5-HT6 receptor antagonist SB399885 (1-100 μM) mimicked the effects of olanzapine by enhancing the SSRI-induced increase in extracellular 5-HT levels, which was not further augmented by bicuculline or olanzapine. SB399885 (50 μM) also decreased the firing frequency of GABAergic neurons in the DRN. In addition, an intraperitoneal administration of SB399885 (10 mg/kg) to mice significantly enhanced the antidepressant-like effect of a subeffective dose of citalopram (3 mg/kg) in the tail-suspension test. These results suggest that olanzapine decreases local inhibitory GABAergic tone in the DRN through antagonism of 5-HT6 receptors, thereby increasing the activity of at least part of serotonergic neurons, which may contribute to the augmentation of the efficacy of SSRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Asaoka
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagayasu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Drug Innovation Center, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoya Nishitani
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mayumi Yamashiro
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Shuji Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Abraham R, Nirogi R, Shinde A, Irupannanavar S. Low-dose prazosin in combination with 5-HT6 antagonist PRX-07034 has antipsychotic effects. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:13-21. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An extensive amount of research has focused on the development of new pharmacological agents to treat schizophrenia. Varying from person to person, schizophrenia is a heterogeneous disease with symptoms of positive, negative, and cognitive deficits. PRX-07034, a 5-hydroxytryptamine6 (5-HT6) receptor antagonist has been evaluated for its potential in treating obesity and cognitive deficits. This study evaluated PRX-07034 (0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg body mass, by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection), in combination with a low dose of prazosin (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.), for its antipsychotic potential. The research utilized a stereotypy assay, an open field test, an object recognition task, and prepulse inhibition. Dizocilpine, a non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, was also administered in the above-mentioned assays as a psychomimetic. The combination of PRX-07034 and prazosin alleviated stereotypy and hyperlocomotor activity while enhancing memory in an object recognition task, and reversed sensory-gating deficits induced by dizocilpine. Examination of the medial prefrontal cortex revealed that a combination of PRX-07034 and prazosin reduced the dizocilpine-mediated increase of 5-HT. These results suggest that the combination of a 5-HT6 antagonist with low doses of prazosin could have therapeutic potential in the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renny Abraham
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences, Ltd., Serene Chambers, Road No. 5, Avenue 7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 055, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500 085, India
| | - Ramakrishna Nirogi
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences, Ltd., Serene Chambers, Road No. 5, Avenue 7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 055, India
| | - Anil Shinde
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences, Ltd., Serene Chambers, Road No. 5, Avenue 7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 055, India
| | - Shantaveer Irupannanavar
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences, Ltd., Serene Chambers, Road No. 5, Avenue 7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 055, India
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Benhamú B, Martín-Fontecha M, Vázquez-Villa H, Pardo L, López-Rodríguez ML. Serotonin 5-HT6 Receptor Antagonists for the Treatment of Cognitive Deficiency in Alzheimer’s Disease. J Med Chem 2014; 57:7160-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5003952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bellinda Benhamú
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Martín-Fontecha
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Henar Vázquez-Villa
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonardo Pardo
- Laboratori
de Medicina Computacional, Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat
de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María L. López-Rodríguez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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Fijał K, Popik P, Nikiforuk A. Co-administration of 5-HT6 receptor antagonists with clozapine, risperidone, and a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist: effects on prepulse inhibition in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:269-81. [PMID: 23954911 PMCID: PMC3889519 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Some novel antipsychotics manifest antagonistic activity at serotonin-6 receptors; however, little is known about the role of 5-HT6 receptors in ameliorating sensory gating deficits. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effects of the combined administration of the 5-HT6 receptor antagonist SB 271046 with clozapine and haloperidol, as well as the co-administration of SB 271046 or SB 399885 with risperidone and the 5-HT2A antagonist M100907, to overcome the deficits induced by MK-801 in the prepulse inhibition (PPI) test. RESULTS MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg) produced reliable PPI deficits. Administration of SB 271046 (6 and 9 mg/kg), SB 399885 (3 and 6 mg/kg), clozapine (2.5 mg/kg), haloperidol (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg), risperidone (0.25-1 mg/kg), and M100907 (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) did not affect the MK-801-induced deficits, but the administration of clozapine (5 mg/kg) did reverse the effects of MK-801. In MK-801-treated rats, the co-administration of inactive doses of clozapine (2.5 mg/kg) and SB 271046 (6 mg/kg) reversed the PPI impairments compared to animals that were administered inactive doses of either clozapine or SB 271046 alone. Co-administration of risperidone (1 mg/kg) or M100907 (0.5 mg/kg) with SB 271046 (6 mg/kg) or SB 399885 (3 mg/kg) also attenuated the MK-801-induced PPI deficits. In contrast, joint administration of haloperidol and SB 271046 had no effect on the PPI deficit. CONCLUSION The present results suggest that the 5-HT6 receptors may play adjunctive roles in antipsychotic drug action, and that the combination of 5-HT2A and 5-HT6 antagonism may represent an important element in the pharmacological profile of antipsychotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Fijał
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Drug Development, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Popik
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Drug Development, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Nikiforuk
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Drug Development, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
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Millan MJ, Bales KL. Towards improved animal models for evaluating social cognition and its disruption in schizophrenia: the CNTRICS initiative. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:2166-80. [PMID: 24090822 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Social cognition refers to processes used to monitor and interpret social signals from others, to decipher their state of mind, emotional status and intentions, and select appropriate social behaviour. Social cognition is sophisticated in humans, being embedded with verbal language and enacted in a complex cultural environment. Its disruption characterises the entire course of schizophrenia and is correlated with poor functional outcome. Further, deficits in social cognition are related to impairment in other cognitive domains, positive symptoms (paranoia and delusions) and negative symptoms (social withdrawal and reduced motivation). In light of the significance and inadequate management of social cognition deficits, there is a need for translatable experimental procedures for their study, and identification of effective pharmacotherapy. No single paradigm captures the multi-dimensional nature of social cognition, and procedures for assessing ability to infer mental states are not well-developed for experimental therapeutic settings. Accordingly, a recent CNTRICS meeting prioritised procedures for measuring a specific construct: "acquisition and recognition of affective (emotional) states", coupled to individual recognition. Two complementary paradigms for refinement were identified: social recognition/preference in rodents, and visual tracking of social scenes in non-human primates (NHPs). Social recognition is disrupted in genetic, developmental or pharmacological disease models for schizophrenia, and performance in both procedures is improved by the neuropeptide oxytocin. The present article surveys a broad range of procedures for studying social cognition in rodents and NHPs, discusses advantages and drawbacks, and focuses on development of social recognition/preference and gaze-following paradigms for improved study of social cognition deficits in schizophrenia and their potential treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Millan
- Unit for Research and Discovery in Neuroscience, IDR Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France.
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Reneerkens OA, Rutten K, Bollen E, Hage T, Blokland A, Steinbusch HW, Prickaerts J. Inhibition of phoshodiesterase type 2 or type 10 reverses object memory deficits induced by scopolamine or MK-801. Behav Brain Res 2013; 236:16-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Effect of Nigella sativa and wheat germ oils on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bfopcu.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Woods S, Clarke NN, Layfield R, Fone KCF. 5-HT(6) receptor agonists and antagonists enhance learning and memory in a conditioned emotion response paradigm by modulation of cholinergic and glutamatergic mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 167:436-49. [PMID: 22568655 PMCID: PMC3481049 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 5-HT(6) receptors are abundant in the hippocampus, nucleus accumbens and striatum, supporting their role in learning and memory. Selective 5-HT(6) receptor antagonists produce pro-cognitive effects in several learning and memory paradigms while 5-HT(6) receptor agonists have been found to enhance and impair memory. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The conditioned emotion response (CER) paradigm was validated in rats. Then we examined the effect of the 5-HT(6) receptor antagonist, EMD 386088 (10 mg·kg(-1) , i.p.), and agonists, E-6801 (2.5 mg·kg(-1) , i.p.) and EMD 386088 (5 mg·kg(-1) , i.p.) on CER-induced behaviour either alone or after induction of memory impairment by the muscarinic receptor antagonist, scopolamine (0.3 mg·kg(-1) , i.p) or the NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801 (0.1 mg·kg(-1) , i.p). KEY RESULTS Pairing unavoidable foot shocks with a light and tone cue during CER training induced a robust freezing response, providing a quantitative index of contextual memory when the rat was returned to the shock chamber 24 h later. Pretreatment (-20 min pre-training) with scopolamine or MK-801 reduced contextual freezing 24 h after CER training, showing production of memory impairment. Immediate post-training administration of 5-HT(6) receptor antagonist, SB-270146, and agonists, EMD 386088 and E-6801, had little effect on CER freezing when given alone, but all significantly reversed scopolamine- and MK-801-induced reduction in freezing. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Both the 5-HT(6) receptor agonists and antagonist reversed cholinergic- and glutamatergic-induced deficits in associative learning. These findings support the therapeutic potential of 5-HT(6) receptor compounds in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction, such as seen in Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Woods
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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5-HT6 receptor blockade differentially affects scopolamine-induced deficits of working memory, recognition memory and aversive learning in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 222:99-115. [PMID: 22367167 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2627-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Blockade of 5-HT6 receptors (5-HT6R) is known to improve cognitive performances in the rodent. This improvement has been hypothesized to be the result, at least in part, of a modulation of the cholinergic neurotransmission. OBJECTIVE We assessed the effects of 5-HT6R blockade on selected types of memory relevant to functional deficits of ageing and neurodegenerative diseases, in mice that present a scopolamine-induced cholinergic disruption of memory. METHOD Following the selection of an adequate dose of scopolamine to induce cognitive deficits, we have studied the effects of the selective 5-HT6R antagonist SB-271046, alone or in combination with scopolamine, on working memory (spontaneous alternation task in the T-maze), recognition memory (place recognition) and aversive learning (passive avoidance). RESULTS SB-271046 alone failed to affect working memory, recognition memory and aversive learning performances. In contrast, SB-271046 was able to reverse the scopolamine-induced deficits in working memory (only at 30 mg kg⁻¹) and those of acquisition and retrieval of aversive learning (dose-dependent effect); scopolamine-induced deficits in episodic-like memory (acquisition and retrieval) were partially counteracted by 5-HT6R blockade. CONCLUSION The modulation between 5-HT6R and the cholinergic system appears to be predominant for working memory and aversive learning, but not for other types of memory (i.e. episodic-like memory). Interactions between 5-HT6R and alternative neurotransmission systems (i.e. glutamatergic system) should be further studied. The respective involvement of these interactions in the memory disorders related to ageing and neurodegenerative diseases is of pivotal importance regarding the possible use of 5-HT6R antagonists in the treatment of memory disorders in humans.
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Reneerkens OA, Rutten K, Akkerman S, Blokland A, Shaffer CL, Menniti FS, Steinbusch HW, Prickaerts J. Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibition improves object recognition memory: Indications for central and peripheral mechanisms. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2012; 97:370-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Lyon L, Saksida LM, Bussey TJ. Spontaneous object recognition and its relevance to schizophrenia: a review of findings from pharmacological, genetic, lesion and developmental rodent models. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 220:647-72. [PMID: 22068459 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Spontaneous (novel) object recognition (SOR) is one of the most widely used rodent behavioural tests. The opportunity for rapid data collection has made SOR a popular choice in studies that explore cognitive impairment in rodent models of schizophrenia, and that test the efficacy of drugs intended to reverse these deficits. OBJECTIVES We provide an overview of the many recent studies that have used SOR to explore the mnemonic effects of manipulation of the key transmitter systems relevant to schizophrenia-the dopamine, glutamate, GABA, acetylcholine, serotonin and cannabinoid systems-alone or in combination. We also review the use of SOR in studying memory in genetically modified mouse models of schizophrenia, as well as in neurodevelopmental and lesion models. We end by discussing the construct and predictive validity, and translational relevance, of SOR with respect to cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. RESULTS Perturbation of the dopamine or glutamate systems can generate robust and reliable impairment in SOR. Impaired performance is also seen following antagonism of the muscarinic acetylcholine system, or exposure to cannabinoid agonists. Cognitive enhancement has been reported using alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists and 5-HT(6) antagonists. Among non-pharmacological models, neonatal ventral hippocampal lesions and maternal immune activation can impair SOR, while mixed results have been obtained with mice carrying mutations in schizophrenia risk-associated genes, including neuregulin and COMT. CONCLUSIONS While SOR is not without its limitations, the task represents a useful method for studying manipulations with relevance to cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, as well as the interactions between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lyon
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
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Camarasa J, Rodrigo T, Pubill D, Escubedo E. Memory impairment induced by amphetamine derivatives in laboratory animals and in humans: a review. Biomol Concepts 2012; 3:1-12. [DOI: 10.1515/bmc.2011.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe 20th century brought with it the so-called club drugs (the most notorious being amphetamine derivatives), which are used by young adults at all-night dance parties. Methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) are synthetic drugs with stimulant and psychoactive properties that belong to the amphetamine family. Here, we have reviewed the literature about the cognitive impairment induced by these two amphetamine derivatives and the preclinical and clinical outcomes. Although there is controversial evidence about the effect of methamphetamine and MDMA on learning and memory in laboratory animals, results from published papers demonstrate that amphetamines cause long-term impairment of cognitive functions. A large number of pharmacological receptors have been studied and screened as targets of amphetamine-induced cognitive dysfunction, and extensive research efforts have been invested to provide evidence about the molecular mechanisms behind these cognitive deficits. In humans, there is a considerable body of evidence indicating that methamphetamine and MDMA seriously disrupt memory and learning processes. Although an association between the impairments of memory performance and a history of recreational amphetamine ingestion has also been corroborated, a number of methodological difficulties continue to hamper research in this field, the most important being the concomitant use of other illicit drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Camarasa
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry (Pharmacology Section) and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Rodrigo
- 2Animal Experimentation Unit, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, E-08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Pubill
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry (Pharmacology Section) and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Escubedo
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry (Pharmacology Section) and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Witten L, Bang-Andersen B, Nielsen SM, Miller S, Christoffersen CT, Stensbøl TB, Brennum LT, Arnt J. Characterization of [3H]Lu AE60157 ([3H]8-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-phenylsulfonylquinoline) binding to 5-hydroxytryptamine6 (5-HT6) receptors in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 676:6-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Hirano K, Searle KL, Nasir S, Aw CC, Browne ER, Rutter AR. In vivo 5-HT6 receptor occupancy by antipsychotic drugs in the rat brain. Neurosci Lett 2011; 503:240-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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5-HT6 receptor signal transduction second messenger systems. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2011; 94:89-110. [PMID: 21081203 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-384976-2.00004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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32
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Da Silva Costa-Aze V, Dauphin F, Boulouard M. Serotonin 5-HT6 receptor blockade reverses the age-related deficits of recognition memory and working memory in mice. Behav Brain Res 2011; 222:134-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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33
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A new automated method to assess the rat recognition memory: Validation of the method. Behav Brain Res 2011; 222:151-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mathiasen JR, DiCamillo A. Social recognition assay in the rat. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN NEUROSCIENCE 2011; Chapter 8:Unit 8.5I. [PMID: 20938925 DOI: 10.1002/0471142301.ns0805is53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders encompass a broad patient population in a variety of disease states across all age groups and are often accompanied by deficits in short-term/working memory. However, most preclinical models that allow for an assessment of cognitive enhancement do not provide robust behavioral readouts with a level of throughput sufficient to support modern drug discovery efforts. The rat social recognition assay presented in this unit is one exception that has been increasingly employed to test new chemical entities for enhancing cognitive activity. The test is simple in design and takes advantage of the spontaneous behavior of rats to investigate conspecifics. The protocol in this unit is designed to evaluate the effects of a test substance on the short-term/working memory of adult male rats employing 30-min or 2-hr pretreatment times.
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5-HT4 receptor agonist mediated enhancement of cognitive function in vivo and amyloid precursor protein processing in vitro: A pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic assessment. Neuropharmacology 2011; 61:69-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Influence of social isolation in the rat on serotonergic function and memory--relevance to models of schizophrenia and the role of 5-HT₆ receptors. Neuropharmacology 2011; 61:400-7. [PMID: 21414329 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing awareness of the importance that early environmental factors have on brain development and their role in the neurobiology of neurodevelopmental disorders including schizophrenia. The isolation reared rat attempts to model adverse effects that human social isolation (absence of social contact) can have on normal brain development. The isolation reared rat also models aspects of schizophrenia including the development of persistent learning and memory deficits. This short review concentrates on the effects of isolation rearing on cognition, including deficits in novel object discrimination, and the neural mechanisms that may underlie this impairment. There is evidence that a key effect of social isolation may be loss of neuronal plasticity combined with change in the functional state of various cortical and hippocampal neurotransmitters, including glutamate and serotonin. Reduced glutamate function may underlie the deficits in novel object discrimination, which can be reversed by administration of a 5-HT(6) receptor antagonist. This suggests that the 5-HT(6) antagonists may act by reducing 5-HT(6) receptor mediated activation of GABA, resulting in glutamate disinhibition. Thus drugs acting at 5-HT(6) receptors may offer a novel approach to treat neurodevelopmental cognitive symptoms, including those seen in schizophrenia.
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Terry AV, Callahan PM, Hall B, Webster SJ. Alzheimer's disease and age-related memory decline (preclinical). Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011; 99:190-210. [PMID: 21315756 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An unfortunate result of the rapid rise in geriatric populations worldwide is the increasing prevalence of age-related cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is a devastating neurodegenerative illness that is characterized by a profound impairment of cognitive function, marked physical disability, and an enormous economic burden on the afflicted individual, caregivers, and society in general. The rise in elderly populations is also resulting in an increase in individuals with related (potentially treatable) conditions such as "Mild Cognitive Impairment" (MCI) which is characterized by a less severe (but abnormal) level of cognitive impairment and a high-risk for developing dementia. Even in the absence of a diagnosable disorder of cognition (e.g., AD and MCI), the perception of increased forgetfulness and declining mental function is a clear source of apprehension in the elderly. This is a valid concern given that even a modest impairment of cognitive function is likely to be associated with significant disability in a rapidly evolving, technology-based society. Unfortunately, the currently available therapies designed to improve cognition (i.e., for AD and other forms of dementia) are limited by modest efficacy and adverse side effects, and their effects on cognitive function are not sustained over time. Accordingly, it is incumbent on the scientific community to develop safer and more effective therapies that improve and/or sustain cognitive function in the elderly allowing them to remain mentally active and productive for as long as possible. As diagnostic criteria for memory disorders evolve, the demand for pro-cognitive therapeutic agents is likely to surpass AD and dementia to include MCI and potentially even less severe forms of memory decline. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the contemporary therapeutic targets and preclinical pharmacologic approaches (with representative drug examples) designed to enhance memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin V Terry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Small Animal Behavior Core, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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E-6801, a 5-HT6 receptor agonist, improves recognition memory by combined modulation of cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission in the rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2011; 213:413-30. [PMID: 20405281 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-010-1854-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES In rats, 5-hydroxytryptamine(6) (5-HT(6)) receptor antagonists improve learning and memory, but the effects of agonists are poorly defined. This study investigated the effects of 5-HT(6) receptor agonists and antagonists on a rodent model of recognition memory. METHODS Selective 5-HT(6) receptor agonists and antagonists were administered either alone, after a scopolamine-induced impairment, or combined with sub-effective doses of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, donepezil, or the glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist, memantine, in a novel object discrimination paradigm in adult rats. RESULTS After a 4-h inter-trial delay to induce natural forgetting, vehicle-treated rats spent an equivalent time exploring novel and familiar objects during the choice trial. The 5-HT(6) receptor agonists, E-6801 (1.25-10 mg/kg i.p.) and EMD-386088 (5-10 mg/kg i.p.), and antagonists, SB-271046 and Ro 04-6790 (5 and 10 mg/kg), along with donepezil (0.1-3 mg/kg) and memantine (5-20 mg/kg) all produced significant and mostly dose-dependent increases in novel object exploration, indicative of memory enhancement. Furthermore, sub-effective doses of E-6801 (1 mg/kg) when co-administered with either SB-271046 (3 mg/kg), donepezil (0.1 mg/kg) or memantine (5 mg/kg), and EMD-386088 (2 mg/kg) co-administered with SB-271046 (3 mg/kg) also significantly enhanced object-recognition memory. Additionally, using a 1-min inter-trial delay, E-6801 (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) was as effective as donepezil (0.3 and 1 mg/kg) in reversing a scopolamine-induced (0.5 mg/kg) impairment in object recognition. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate that E-6801, a potent 5-HT(6) receptor agonist, improves recognition memory by combined modulation of cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission.
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Meneses A, Perez-Garcia G, Ponce-Lopez T, Tellez R, Castillo C. Serotonin transporter and memory. Neuropharmacology 2011; 61:355-63. [PMID: 21276807 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin transporter (SERT) has been associated to diverse functions and diseases, though seldom to memory. Therefore, we made an attempt to summarize and discuss the available publications implicating the involvement of the SERT in memory, amnesia and anti-amnesic effects. Evidence indicates that Alzheimer's disease and drugs of abuse like d-methamphetamine (METH) and (+/-)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy") have been associated to decrements in the SERT expression and memory deficits. Several reports have indicated that memory formation and amnesia affected the SERT expression. The SERT expression seems to be a reliable neural marker related to memory mechanisms, its alterations and potential treatment. The pharmacological, neural and molecular mechanisms associated to these changes are of great importance for investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Meneses
- Depto. de Farmacobiología, CINVESTAV-IPN, Tenorios 235, Granjas Coapa, Mexico City 14330, Mexico.
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Meneses A, Pérez-García G, Ponce-Lopez T, Castillo C. 5-HT6 Receptor Memory and Amnesia: Behavioral Pharmacology – Learning and Memory Processes. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2011; 96:27-47. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385902-0.00002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Arnt J, Olsen CK. 5-HT6 Receptor Ligands and their Antipsychotic Potential. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2011; 96:141-61. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385902-0.00006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Dawson LA. The central role of 5-HT6 receptors in modulating brain neurochemistry. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2011; 96:1-26. [PMID: 21329782 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385902-0.00001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lee A Dawson
- Neurosciences Product Creation Unit, Eisai Limited, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9SN, UK
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The discovery and SAR of indoline-3-carboxamides—A new series of 5-HT6 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:3713-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Belhadj-Tahar H, Sadeg N, Richecoeur J, Frances B, Hamon M. Tableau clinique et mécanismes neurobiologiques lors d’une intoxication massive par l’olanzapine. Therapie 2010; 65:143-5. [DOI: 10.2515/therapie/2010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Francis PT, Ramírez MJ, Lai MK. Neurochemical basis for symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2010; 59:221-9. [PMID: 20156462 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Revised: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Neuron and synapse loss together with neurotransmitter dysfunction have, along with Abeta deposition and neurofibrillary tangles, been recognized as hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Furthermore, clinical and preclinical studies point to neuronal loss and associated neurochemical alterations of several transmitter systems as a main factor underlying both cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Treatment for the cognitive decline in AD, based on early findings of a cholinergic deficit, has been in the clinic for more than a decade but provides only modest benefit in most patients. Therefore there is still considerable scope for new treatments that demonstrate greater efficacy against cognitive dysfunction in spite of the fact that the mainstays of current treatments, the cholinesterase inhibitors Aricept, Exelon and Reminyl (Razadyne) will become generic over the next few years. However, the most important area for drug development is for the treatment of behavioural disturbance in AD since many existing treatments have limited efficacy and have potentially life-threatening side effects. This review examines the neurochemical underpinning of both cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia and provides some basis for rational drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Francis
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, UK.
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46
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Huerta-Rivas A, Pérez-García G, González-Espinosa C, Meneses A. Time-course of 5-HT6 receptor mRNA expression during memory consolidation and amnesia. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2010; 93:99-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2009.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2009] [Revised: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Castagné V, Moser PC, Porsolt RD. Preclinical behavioral models for predicting antipsychotic activity. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2009; 57:381-418. [PMID: 20230767 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(08)57010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a major psychiatric disease that is characterized by three distinct symptom domains: positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and cognitive impairment. Additionally, treatment with classical antipsychotic medication can be accompanied by important side effects that involve extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). The discovery of clozapine in the 1970s, which is efficacious in all three symptom domains and has a reduced propensity to induce EPS, has driven research for new antipsychotic agents with a wider spectrum of activity and a lower propensity to induce EPS. The following chapter reviews existing behavioral procedures in animals for their ability to predict compound efficacy against schizophrenia symptoms and liability to induce EPS. Rodent models of positive symptoms include procedures related to hyperfunction in central dopamine and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) systems and hypofunction of central glutamatergic (N-methyl-d-aspartate) neurotransmission. Procedures for evaluating negative symptoms include rodent models of anhedonia, affective flattening, and diminished social interaction. Cognitive deficits can be assessed in rodent models of attention (prepulse inhibition (PPI), latent inhibition) and of learning and memory (passive avoidance, object and social recognition, Morris water maze, and operant-delayed alternation). The relevance of the conditioned avoidance response (CAR) is also discussed. A final section reviews animal procedures for assessing EPS liability, in particular parkinsonism (catalepsy), acute dystonia (purposeless chewing in rodents, dystonia in monkeys), akathisia (defecation in rodents), and tardive dyskinesia (long-term antipsychotic treatment in rodents and monkeys).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Castagné
- Porsolt & Partners Pharmacology, 9 Bis Rue Henri Martin, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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Hirano K, Piers TM, Searle KL, Miller ND, Rutter AR, Chapman PF. Procognitive 5-HT6 antagonists in the rat forced swimming test: Potential therapeutic utility in mood disorders associated with Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2009; 84:558-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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50
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Liu KG, Robichaud AJ. 5-HT6antagonists as potential treatment for cognitive dysfunction. Drug Dev Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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