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Sanyal S, Ravula V. Mitigation of pesticide-mediated ocular toxicity via nanotechnology-based contact lenses: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:46602-46624. [PMID: 37542697 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28904-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
The xenobiotic stress exerted by pesticides leads to the deterioration of human and animal health including ocular health. Acute or prolonged exposure to these agricultural toxicants has been implicated in a number of pathological conditions of the eye such as irritation, epiphora or hyper-lacrimation, abrasions on the ocular surface, and decreased visual acuity. The issue is compounded by the fact that tissues of the eye absorb pesticides faster than other organs of the body and are more susceptible to damage as well. However, there is a lacuna in our knowledge regarding the ways by which pesticide exposure-mediated ocular insult might be counteracted. Topical instillation of drugs known to combat the pesticide induced toxicity has been explored to mitigate the detrimental impact of pesticide exposure. However, topical eye drop solutions exhibit very low bioavailability and limited drug residence duration in the tear film decreasing their efficacy. Contact lenses have been explored in this respect to increase bioavailability of ocular drugs, while nanoparticles have lately been utilized to increase drug bioavailability and increase drug residence duration in different tissues. The current review focuses on drug delivery and futuristic aspects of corneal protection from ocular toxicity using contact lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Sanyal
- Laboratory of Self Assembled Biomaterials and Translational Science, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (DBT-inStem), GKVK Post, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560065, Karnataka, India.
| | - Venkatesh Ravula
- Laboratory of Self Assembled Biomaterials and Translational Science, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (DBT-inStem), GKVK Post, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560065, Karnataka, India
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Lv W, Wang Y, Fu H, Liang Z, Huang B, Jiang R, Wu J, Zhao Y. Recent advances of multifunctional zwitterionic polymers for biomedical application. Acta Biomater 2024; 181:19-45. [PMID: 38729548 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Zwitterionic polymers possess equal total positive and negative charges in the repeating units, making them electrically neutral overall. This unique property results in superhydrophilicity, which makes the zwitterionic polymers highly effective in resisting protein adsorption, thus endowing the drug carriers with long blood circulation time, inhibiting thrombus formation on biomedical devices in contact with blood, and ensuring the good sensitivity of sensors in biomedical application. Moreover, zwitterionic polymers have tumor-targeting ability and pH-responsiveness, rendering them ideal candidates for antitumor drug delivery. Additionally, the high ionic conductivity of zwitterionic polymers makes them an important raw material for ionic skin. Zwitterionic polymers exhibit remarkable resistance to bacterial adsorption and growth, proving their suitability in a wide range of biomedical applications such as ophthalmic applications, and wound dressings. In this paper, we provide an in-depth analysis of the different structures and characteristics of zwitterionic polymers and highlight their unique qualities and suitability for biomedical applications. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations and challenges that must be overcome to realize the full potential of zwitterionic polymers and present an optimistic perspective for zwitterionic polymers in the biomedical fields. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Zwitterionic polymers have a series of excellent properties such as super hydrophilicity, anti-protein adsorption, antibacterial ability and good ionic conductivity. However, biomedical applications of multifunctional zwitterionic polymers are still a major field to be explored. This review focuses on the design and application of zwitterionic polymers-based nanosystems for targeted and responsive delivery of antitumor drugs and cancer diagnostic agents. Moreover, the use of zwitterionic polymers in various biomedical applications such as biomedical devices in contact with blood, biosensors, ionic skin, ophthalmic applications and wound dressings is comprehensively described. We discuss current results and future challenges for a better understanding of multifunctional zwitterionic polymers for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Lv
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Huayu Fu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Ziyang Liang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Bangqi Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Ruiqin Jiang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou, 511400, Guangdong, China; Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
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Li Y, Han Y, Li H, Niu X, Zhang D, Wang K. Antimicrobial Hydrogels: Potential Materials for Medical Application. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304047. [PMID: 37752779 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Microbial infections based on drug-resistant pathogenic organisms following surgery or trauma and uncontrolled bleeding are the main causes of increased mortality from trauma worldwide. The prevalence of drug-resistant pathogens has led to a significant increase in medical costs and poses a great threat to the normal life of people. This is an important issue in the field of biomedicine, and the emergence of new antimicrobial materials hydrogels holds great promise for solving this problem. Hydrogel is an important material with good biocompatibility, water absorption, oxygen permeability, adhesion, degradation, self-healing, corrosion resistance, and controlled release of drugs as well as structural diversity. Bacteria-disturbing hydrogels have important applications in the direction of surgical treatment, wound dressing, medical device coating, and tissue engineering. This paper reviews the classification of antimicrobial hydrogels, the current status of research, and the potential of antimicrobial hydrogels for one application in biomedicine, and analyzes the current research of hydrogels in biomedical applications from five aspects: metal-loaded hydrogels, drug-loaded hydrogels, carbon-material-loaded hydrogels, hydrogels with fixed antimicrobial activity and biological antimicrobial hydrogels, and provides an outlook on the high antimicrobial activity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, injectability, clinical applicability and future development prospects of hydrogels in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Li
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
| | - Yujia Han
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
| | - Hongxia Li
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Niu
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
| | - Deyi Zhang
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
| | - Kunjie Wang
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
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Miralaei N, Mohammadimehr M, Farazin A, Ghasemi AH, Bargozini F. Design, fabrication, evaluation, and in vitro study of green biomaterial and antibacterial polymeric biofilms of polyvinyl alcohol/tannic acid/CuO/ SiO2. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 148:106219. [PMID: 37951146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a three-component biofilm for rapid wound dressing consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/tannic acid (TA)/with CuO/SiO2 with different percentages (0, 5, 10, and 15 wt% NPs) is evaluated. In addition to controlling bleeding and absorption of blood and wound secretions, it protects the damaged tissue from the attack of microbes. It protects against viruses and thus reduces the treatment time. Analysis of biofilms morphology is performed by Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), phases in biofilms were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, chemical bonds, and functional groups are analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and mechanical tests are performed to evaluate the strength of the samples. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is applied to estimate the thermal stability of the biopolymer films with various percentages of CuO/SiO2 nanoparticles. Also, antibacterial test, bioactivity of the biofilms, the percentage of swelling ratio, and porosity of the samples were examined by immersing the samples in simulated body fluid (SBF) and Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 14 days in vitro. The composite makeup of the TA/PVA sample, comprising 15 wt % CuO/SiO2 and containing 15 wt% of nanoparticles, exhibited superior heat resistance compared to other samples by an increase of 50 °C. This improvement can be attributed to the nanoparticles reaching their saturation point. The swelling ratio was assessed in both SBF and PBS, and in both instances, the sample increased by up to 10 wt% before decreasing, indicating the saturation of the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Miralaei
- Department of Solid Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran, P.O. Box 87317-53153.
| | - Mehdi Mohammadimehr
- Department of Solid Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran, P.O. Box 87317-53153.
| | - Ashkan Farazin
- Department of Solid Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran, P.O. Box 87317-53153.
| | - Amir Hossein Ghasemi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran, P.O. Box 87317-51167
| | - Fatemeh Bargozini
- Department of Solid Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran, P.O. Box 87317-53153
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Balla E, Zamboulis A, Klonos P, Kyritsis A, Barmpalexis P, Bikiaris DΝ. Synthesis of novel interpenetrated network for ocular co-administration of timolol maleate and dorzolamide hydrochloride drugs. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123439. [PMID: 37742821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, novel interpenetrated networks (IPNs) of [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide) (SBMA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared for the ocular co-administration of timolol maleate (TIM) and dorzolamide hydrochloride (DORZ), two drugs widely used for the treatment of glaucoma. The successful polymerization of SBMA, in the presence of PVA, led to the formation of semi-interpenetrated pSBMA-PVA networks (IPNs), in the form of sponges, exhibiting intrinsic antimicrobial properties attributed to SBMA. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was utilized to confirm the successful synthesis of the IPNs. Further assessments, including contact angle and water sorption measurements, highlighted their significant hydrophilicity, a feature that makes them suitable for ocular applications. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements indicated that PVA serves as a plasticizer, while an assessment of the water sorption capacity of these materials suggested that although the incorporation of PVA results in slightly less hydrophilic materials, the prepared sponges still remain sufficiently hydrophilic for ocular use. Following their characterization, the optimal pSBMA-PVA IPN was used to encapsulate TIM and DORZ. Irritation tests, performed using the HET-CAM method, confirmed that the drug-loaded sponges were safe and potentially well-tolerated for ophthalmic use. Finally, the co-release study for the two drugs revealed a sustained release pattern in both cases, while drug release from the sponges was primarily controlled by diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Balla
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandra Zamboulis
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Klonos
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos Kyritsis
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Barmpalexis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Ν Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Akbari E, Imani R, Shokrollahi P, Jarchizadeh R, Heidari keshel S. Hydrogel-based formulations for drug delivery to the anterior segment of the eye. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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7
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Brown MU, Seong HG, Russell TP, Emrick T. Zwitterionic Sulfonium Sulfonate Polymers: Impacts of Substituents and Inverted Dipole. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel U. Brown
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Hong-Gyu Seong
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Todd Emrick
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Regu VR, Swain RP, Subudhi BB. Drug Delivery for Ocular Allergy: Current Formulation Design Strategies and Future Perspectives. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2626-2639. [PMID: 37936454 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128275375231030115828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The incidences of ocular allergy have been growing with the increase in pollution. Because of challenges in new drug development, there have been efforts to maximize the efficacy of existing drugs through drug delivery approaches. The effectiveness of drugs in ophthalmic conditions is primarily determined by permeability across the barrier, corneal retention, and sustained release. Thus, there have been widespread efforts to optimize these parameters to enhance efficacy through novel formulations. This review aims to analyze the approaches to drug delivery systems to encourage further research to optimize effectiveness. With this objective, research on drug delivery aspects of anti-allergy therapeutics was included and analyzed based on formulation/drug delivery technique, Food and Drug Administration approval limits, residence time, compatibility, pre-clinical efficacy, and potential for translational application. Conventional eye drops have concerns such as poor residence time and ocular bioavailability. The novel formulations have the potential to improve residence and bioavailability. However, the use of preservatives and the lack of regulatory approval for polymers limit the translational application. The review may assist readers in identifying novel drug delivery strategies and their limitations for the development of effective ophthalmic formulations for the treatment of ocular allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varaprasada Rao Regu
- Drug Development and Analysis Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ranjit Prasad Swain
- Drug Development and Analysis Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Bharat Bhusan Subudhi
- Drug Development and Analysis Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Sójka O, van der Mei HC, van Rijn P, Gagliano MC. Zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate)-based hydrogel coating for drinking water distribution systems to inhibit adhesion of waterborne bacteria. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1066126. [PMID: 36896012 PMCID: PMC9989184 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1066126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Presence of biofilms in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) can be a nuisance, leading to several operational and maintenance issues (i.e., increased secondary disinfectants demand, pipe damage or increased flow resistance), and so far, no single control practice was found to be sufficiently effective. Here, we propose poly (sulfobetaine methacrylate) (P(SBMA))-based hydrogel coating application as a biofilm control strategy in DWDS. The P(SBMA) coating was synthetized through photoinitiated free radical polymerization on polydimethylsiloxane with different combinations of SBMA as a monomer, and N, N'-methylenebis (acrylamide) (BIS) as a cross-linker. The most stable coating in terms of its mechanical properties was obtained using 20% SBMA with a 20:1 SBMA:BIS ratio. The coating was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy, and water contact angle measurements. The anti-adhesive performance of the coating was evaluated in a parallel-plate flow chamber system against adhesion of four bacterial strains representing genera commonly identified in DWDS biofilm communities, Sphingomonas and Pseudomonas. The selected strains exhibited varying adhesion behaviors in terms of attachment density and bacteria distribution on the surface. Despite these differences, after 4 h, presence of the P(SBMA)-based hydrogel coating significantly reduced the number of adhering bacteria by 97%, 94%, 98% and 99%, for Sphingomonas Sph5, Sphingomonas Sph10, Pseudomonas extremorientalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively, compared to non-coated surfaces. These findings motivate further research into a potential application of a hydrogel anti-adhesive coating as a localized biofilm control strategy in DWDS, especially on materials known to promote excessive biofilm growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sójka
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Leeuwarden, Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Henny C van der Mei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Maria Cristina Gagliano
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Leeuwarden, Netherlands
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Li Q, Wen C, Yang J, Zhou X, Zhu Y, Zheng J, Cheng G, Bai J, Xu T, Ji J, Jiang S, Zhang L, Zhang P. Zwitterionic Biomaterials. Chem Rev 2022; 122:17073-17154. [PMID: 36201481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The term "zwitterionic polymers" refers to polymers that bear a pair of oppositely charged groups in their repeating units. When these oppositely charged groups are equally distributed at the molecular level, the molecules exhibit an overall neutral charge with a strong hydration effect via ionic solvation. The strong hydration effect constitutes the foundation of a series of exceptional properties of zwitterionic materials, including resistance to protein adsorption, lubrication at interfaces, promotion of protein stabilities, antifreezing in solutions, etc. As a result, zwitterionic materials have drawn great attention in biomedical and engineering applications in recent years. In this review, we give a comprehensive and panoramic overview of zwitterionic materials, covering the fundamentals of hydration and nonfouling behaviors, different types of zwitterionic surfaces and polymers, and their biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsi Li
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chiyu Wen
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xianchi Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yingnan Zhu
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Jie Bai
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010051, China
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010051, China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shaoyi Jiang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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Injectable amphiphilic hydrogel systems from the self-assembly of partially alkylated poly(2-dimethyl aminoethyl) methacrylate with inherent antimicrobial property and sustained release behaviour. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Rathod S. Interpenetrating polymeric network (IPNs) in ophthalmic drug delivery: Breaking the barriers. Int Ophthalmol 2022; 43:1063-1074. [PMID: 36053474 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02482-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
To maintain the therapeutic drug concentration for a prolonged period of time in aqueous and vitreous humor is primary challenge for ophthalmic drug delivery. Majority of the locally administered drug into the eye is lost as to natural reflexes like blinking and lacrimation resulting in the short span of drug residence. Consequently, less than 5% of the applied drug penetrate through the cornea and reaches the intraocular tissues. The major targets for optimal ophthalmic drug delivery are increasing drug residence time in cul-de-sac of the eye, prolonging intraocular exposure, modulating drug release from the delivery system, and minimizing pre-corneal drug loss. Development of in situ gel, contact lens, intraocular lens, inserts, artificial cornea, scaffold, etc., for ophthalmic drug delivery are few approaches to achieve these major targeted objectives for delivering the drug optimally. Interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) or smart hydrogels or stimuli sensitive hydrogels are the class of polymers that can help to achieve the targets in ophthalmic drug delivery due to their versatility, biocompatibility and biodegradability. These novel ''smart" materials can alter their molecular configuration and result in volume phase transition in response to environmental stimuli, such as temperature, pH, ionic strength, electric and magnetic field. Hydrogel and tissue interaction, mechanical/tensile properties, pore size and surface chemistry of IPNs can also be modulated for tuning the drug release kinetics. Stimuli sensitive IPNs has been widely exploited to prepare in situ gelling formulations for ophthalmic drug delivery. Low refractive index hydrogel biomaterials with high water content, soft tissue-like physical properties, wettability, oxygen, glucose permeability and desired biocompatibility makes IPNs versatile candidate for contact lenses and corneal implants. This review article focuses on the exploration of these smart polymeric networks/IPNs for therapeutically improved ophthalmic drug delivery that has unfastened novel arenas in ophthalmic drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Rathod
- Maliba Pharmacy College, UKA Tarsadia University, Gopal-Vidyanagar Campus, Surat, 394350, India. .,Parul Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Parul University, Waghodia, Vadodara, 391760, India.
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