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Takahashi R, Amano H, Ito Y, Eshima K, Satoh T, Iwamura M, Nakamura M, Kitasato H, Uematsu S, Raouf J, Jakobsson PJ, Akira S, Majima M. Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 promotes lung metastasis via SDF-1/CXCR4-mediated recruitment of CD11b +Gr1 +MDSCs from bone marrow. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109581. [PMID: 31715374 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to tumors is related to cancer prognosis. We investigated the contribution of host stromal microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) to the accumulation of MDSCs in metastasized lungs of prostate cancer in mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eight-week-old male C57Bl/6 wild type (WT) mice and mPGES-1 knock out mice (mPGES-1KO) were injected with RM9 murine prostate cancer cell line (5 × 106 cells/mL). Lung metastasis was evaluated by the number of colonies, the weight of the lung, and the number of MDSCs (CD11b+Gr1+ cells) in the lung. RESULTS Intravenous injections of RM9, a murine prostate cancer cell line to WT mice revealed that lung metastasis and accumulation of MDCSs were suppressed with treatments with a Gr1 antibody, a COX-2 inhibitor, and an mPGES-1 inhibitor. Lung metastasis and accumulation of CD11b+Gr1+MDSCs were suppressed in mPGES-1KO mice. The mRNA level of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) in the lung and the number of accumulated SDF-1-expressing CD11b+Gr1+ MDSCs were elevated at an early stage in lung metastasis of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)-expressing RM9 in an mPGES-1-dependent manner. The number of CXCR4-expressing CD11b+Gr1+MDSCs in WT mice was higher than that in mPGES-1KO mice. RM9 lung metastasis and accumulation of CD11b+Gr1+MDSCs were suppressed by CXCR4 antibody in WT mice but not in mPGES-1KO. WT mice transplanted with mPGES-1 KO bone marrow (BM) showed a significant reduction in lung metastasis and accumulation of CD11b+Gr1+MDSCs. CONCLUSION These results suggest that mPGES-1 enhances tumor metastasis by inducing accumulation of BM-derived MDSCs. Selective mPGES-1 inhibitors might, therefore, represent valuable therapeutic tools for the suppression of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Japan; Medical Corporation Shibaakamonkai, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hideki Amano
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ito
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Japan
| | | | - Takefumi Satoh
- Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Iwamura
- Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masaki Nakamura
- Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Science, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidero Kitasato
- Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Science, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uematsu
- Division of Innate immune regulation, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Mucosal Immunology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Joan Raouf
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masataka Majima
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Japan.
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Peixoto AR, Santos TM, Brandt JZ, Delella FK, Gonçalves BF, Campos SGP, Taboga SR, Favaro WJ, Domeniconi RF, Scarano WR. Gestational and lactational exposition to Di-N-butyl-phthalate (DBP) increases inflammation and preneoplastic lesions in prostate of wistar rats after carcinogenic N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) plus testosterone protocol. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1185-1195. [PMID: 25728413 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, it was evaluated the susceptibility of prostatic lesions in male adult rats exposed to Di-N-butyl-phthalate during fetal and lactational periods and submitted to MNU plus testosterone carcinogenesis protocol. Pregnant females were distributed into four experimental groups: CN (negative control); CMNU (MNU control); TDBP100 (100 mg/kg of DBP); TDBP500 (500 mg/kg of DBP). Females from the TDBP groups received DBP, by gavage, from gestation day 15 (GD15) to postnatal day 21 (DPN21), while C animals received the vehicle (corn oil). CMNU, TDBP100, and TDBP500 groups received a single intraperitoneal injection of MNU (50 mg/kg) on the sixth postnatal week. After that, testosterone cypionate was administered subcutaneously two times a week (2 mg/kg) for 24 weeks. The animals were euthanized on PND220. Distal segment fragments of the ventral (VP) and dorsolateral prostate (DLP) were fixed and processed for histopathological analysis. Protein extracts from ventral prostate were obtained, and western blotting was performed to AR, ERα, MAPK (ERK1/2), and pan-AKT. Stereological analysis showed an increase in the epithelial compartment in TDBP100 and TDBP500 compared to CN. In general, there was increase in the incidence of inflammation and metaplasia/dysplasia in the DBP-treated groups, mainly in DLP, compared to CN and CMNU. Proliferation index was significant higher in TDBP500 and PIN (prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia) was more frequent in this group compared to CMNU. Western blot assays showed an increase in the expressions of AR and MAPK (ERK1/2) in the TDBP100 compared to CN, and ERα and AKT expressions were higher in the TDBP500 group compared do CN. These results showed that different doses of DBP during prostate organogenesis in Wistar rats could increase the incidence of premalignant lesions in initiated rats inducing distinct biological responses in the adulthood. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1185-1195, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- André R Peixoto
- Graduate Program in General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Talita M Santos
- Graduate Program in General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Joyce Z Brandt
- Graduate Program in General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia K Delella
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca F Gonçalves
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana G P Campos
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences; UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences; UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Wagner J Favaro
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel F Domeniconi
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Wellerson R Scarano
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Morais-Santos M, Nunes AEB, Oliveira AG, Moura-Cordeiro JD, Mahecha GAB, Avellar MCW, Oliveira CA. Changes in Estrogen Receptor ERβ (ESR2) Expression without Changes in the Estradiol Levels in the Prostate of Aging Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131901. [PMID: 26147849 PMCID: PMC4492744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the prostate is androgen-dependent, it is also influenced by estrogens, which act via the estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ. In the prostate, ERβ is highly expressed in the epithelium and appears to participate in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Evidence shows that ERβ is decreased in malignant prostate, suggesting that it plays an important role in protecting this tissue. Despite the relationship between reductions in ERβ and abnormal growth of the gland, little is known about the age-dependent variation of this receptor. Therefore, we aimed to investigate ERβ expression in the prostatic lobes of aging Wistar rats (3 to 24 months). Histopathological alterations, including hyperplasia, intraluminal concretions, nuclear atypia and prostate intraepithelial neoplasias (PIN), were observed in the prostates of aging rats. Epithelial proliferation led to cribriform architecture in some acini, especially in the ventral prostate (VP). In the VP, areas of epithelial atrophy were also observed. Furthermore, in the lateral prostate, there was frequent prostatitis. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the expression of ERβ is reduced in specific areas related to PIN, atrophic abnormalities and cellular atypia in the prostate epithelium of senile rats. Corroborating the involvement of the receptor with proliferative activity, the punctual reduction in ERβ paralleled the increase in cell proliferation especially in areas of PIN and nuclear atypies. The decrease in ERβ reactivity occurred in a hormonal milieu characterized by a constant concentration of estradiol and decreased plasmatic and tissue DHT. This paper is a pioneering study that reveals focal ERβ reduction in the prostate of aging rats and indicates a potential disorder in the ERβ pathway. These data corroborate previous data from humans and dogs that silencing of this receptor may be associated with premalignant or malignant conditions in the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica Morais-Santos
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aryane E. B. Nunes
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André G. Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Júnia Dayrell Moura-Cordeiro
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Germán A. B. Mahecha
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Christina W. Avellar
- Department of Pharmacology, Section of Experimental Endocrinology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleida A. Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
In 2010, in France, 8,790 men died from prostate cancer despite a low and decreasing mortality rate. The individual risk/benefit ratio of prostate cancer screening is the focus of controversy and currently not in favor of a systematic screening program. Therefore, only prevention could reduce incidence, side effects of treatment and related mortality. Interestingly, prostate cancer prevention is also a field of controversy mainly about 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors. However, it could be expected that pharmaco- or diet-based prevention will be a huge tool for cancer control, even more for prostate cancer burden. This review comprehensively analyses which molecules or compounds could be used in preventive trials. With regard to pharmaco-prevention, three different kinds of drugs could be identified. First drugs, which aim at mainly or even solely reduce prostate cancer risk such as 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors and selective estrogen receptor modulators. Drugs, which aim at wider preventive impact such as: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or difluoromethylornithine. Lastly, drugs for which reducing prostate cancer incidence is merely a side effect such as statins, metformin or histones desacetylase inhibitors. With regard to diet-based prevention, two main approaches could be identified: aliments and nutriments, on one hand, and vitamin and minerals, on the other. Interestingly if compounds reach experimental plausibility, natural foods or even global diet seem to have a higher impact. Lastly, besides assessment of efficacy, effectiveness required the critical step of compliance, which might actually be the weakest link of the prevention chain.
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Abstract
Over the past two decades, many more men are diagnosed with prostate cancer then die of the disease. This increase in diagnosis has led to aggressive treatment of indolent disease in many individuals and has been the impetus for finding a means of reducing the risk of prostate cancer. In the past decade, there have been eight large trials of prostate cancer risk reduction using dietary supplements, 5α-reductase inhibitors, or anti-estrogens. The only two trials which have demonstrated efficacy are those involving 5α-reductase inhibitors: the PCPT (finasteride) and REDUCE (dutasteride). This review examines prostate cancer risk reduction, with emphasis on conclusions that can be drawn from these two landmark studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger S Rittmaster
- Oncology Clinical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Inc., 5 Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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Wang T, Gao L, Quan D. Multivesicular liposome (MVL) sustained delivery of a novel synthetic cationic GnRH antagonist for prostate cancer treatment. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 63:904-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01295.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Multivesicular liposomes (MVLs) are often used as an appropriate carrier for delivering peptides due to high drug loading, relative stability and extended-release behaviour. However, when cationic amphipathic peptides are involved, some challenges may be encountered, including instability of multiple emulsions due to interaction between peptides and lipid membranes (electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction). LXT-101, a cationic amphipathic peptide, is a novel antagonist of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) for prostate cancer treatment. The purpose of the current research was to explore simple methods of determining the interaction between peptide and lipid bilayer and to prepare MVLs of LXT-101 (DepoLXT-101) by the modified DepoFoam technique.
Methods
The anionic surfactants were added in the process of DepoLXT-101 preparation in order to minimize the effect of instability resulting from cationic peptides.
Key findings
DepoLXT-101 was obtained with good efficiency and reproduction. The integrity of encapsulated peptide was maintained as shown by RP-HPLC. DepoLXT-101 particles were characterized by morphology and particle size distribution and in-vitro release was also investigated. The release behaviour in vitro in medium of sodium chloride at 37°C showed that 70–90% of LXT-101 was released slowly from MVLparticles over 11 days. According to the fitting results of Ritgar-Pepps model, the in-vitro release of DepoLXT-101 was mainly governed by Fick's diffusion.
Conclusions
The data obtained from in-vivo study indicated that a sustained anticancer effect can be achieved over a 7-day period with subcutaneous administration of DepoLXT-101 in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Gao
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Beijing, China
| | - Dongqin Quan
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Beijing, China
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Ferrís-i-Tortajada J, Berbel-Tornero O, Garcia-i-Castell J, López-Andreu J, Sobrino-Najul E, Ortega-García J. Non-dietary environmental risk factors in prostate cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ferrís-I-Tortajada J, Berbel-Tornero O, Garcia-I-Castell J, López-Andreu JA, Sobrino-Najul E, Ortega-García JA. [Non dietetic environmental risk factors in prostate cancer]. Actas Urol Esp 2011; 35:289-95. [PMID: 21439685 PMCID: PMC5176024 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim is to update and disclose the main environmental risk factors, excluding dietary factors, involved in the etiopathology of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHOD Bibliographic review of the last 25 years of non-dietary environmental risk factors associated with prostate cancer between 1985 and 2010, obtained from MedLine, CancerLit, Science Citation Index and Embase. The search profiles were Environmental Risk Factors/Tobacco/Infectious-Inflammatory Factors/Pesticides/Vasectomy/Occupational Exposures/Chemoprevention Agents/Radiation and Prostate Cancer. RESULTS While some non-dietary environmental risk factors increase the risk of acquiring the disease, others decrease it. Of the former, it is worth mentioning exposal to tobacco smoke, chronic infectious-inflammatory prostatic processes and occupational exposure to cadmium, herbicides and pesticides. The first factors that reduce the risk are the use of chemopreventive drugs (Finasterida, Dutasteride) and exposure to ultraviolet solar radiation. With the current data, a vasectomy does not influence the risk of developing the disease. CONCLUSIONS The slow process of prostate carcinogenesis is the final result of the interaction of constitutional risk and environmental factors. Non-dietary environmental factors play an important role in the etiopathology of this disease. To appropriately assess the risk factors, extensive case studies that include all the possible variables must be analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ferrís-I-Tortajada
- Unidad de Salud Medioambiental Pediátrica, Unidad de Oncología Pediátrica, Hospital Infantil Universitario La Fe, Valencia, España.
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Schmidt LJ, Tindall DJ. Steroid 5 α-reductase inhibitors targeting BPH and prostate cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 125:32-8. [PMID: 20883781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Steroid 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors (5ARIs) have been approved for use clinically in treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and accompanying lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and have also been evaluated in clinical trials for prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. There are currently two steroidal inhibitors in use, finasteride and dutasteride, both with distinct pharmacokinetic properties. This review will examine the evidence presented by various studies supporting the use of these steroidal inhibitors in the prevention and treatment of prostate disease. Article from the Special issue on Targeted Inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy J Schmidt
- Department of Urology Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
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Hulin-Curtis SL, Petit D, Figg WD, Hsing AW, Reichardt JKV. Finasteride metabolism and pharmacogenetics: new approaches to personalized prevention of prostate cancer. Future Oncol 2011; 6:1897-913. [PMID: 21142863 DOI: 10.2217/fon.10.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Incidences of prostate cancer in most countries are increasing owing to better detection methods; however, prevention with the use of finasteride, a very effective steroid 5α-reductase type II inhibitor, has been met with mixed success. A wide interindividual variation in response exists and is thought to be due to heritable factors. This article summarizes the literature that attempts to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of finasteride in terms of its metabolism, excretion and interaction with endogenous steroid molecules. We describe previously reported genetic variations of steroid-metabolizing genes and their potential association with finasteride efficacy. Based on the literature, we outline directions of research that may contribute to understanding the interindividual variation in finasteride prevention and to the future development of personalized medicine.
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Lacorte LM, Delella FK, Porto Amorim EM, Justulin LA, Godinho AF, Almeida AA, Felipe Pinheiro PF, Amorim RL, Felisbino SL. Early changes induced by short-term low-dose cadmium exposure in rat ventral and dorsolateral prostates. Microsc Res Tech 2011; 74:988-97. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Amory JK, Bush MA, Zhi H, Caricofe RB, Matsumoto AM, Swerdloff RS, Wang C, Clark RV. Oral testosterone with and without concomitant inhibition of 5α-reductase by dutasteride in hypogonadal men for 28 days. J Urol 2010; 185:626-32. [PMID: 21168874 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Co-administration of the 5α-reductase inhibitor dutasteride increases the oral testosterone bioavailability in men with experimentally induced hypogonadism. We examined oral testosterone with and without dutasteride administration in hypogonadal men for 28 days. MATERIALS AND METHODS We randomly assigned 43 hypogonadal men to twice daily oral doses of 150, 250 or 400 mg testosterone with 0.25 mg dutasteride, 400 mg testosterone alone or 0.25 mg dutasteride alone for 28 days in a multicenter study. Subjects underwent pharmacokinetic profiling of serum hormones on days 1 and 28. A total of 32 men completed all study procedures. RESULTS Serum testosterone increased in all groups on testosterone compared with that in the dutasteride only group. At the 400 mg dose the combination of testosterone and dutasteride resulted in average testosterone concentrations that were 2.7 and 4.6 times higher than in the testosterone only group on days 1 and 28, respectively (p <0.01). On day 28 average testosterone was 20% to 30% lower in all groups on testosterone and dutasteride, and 50% lower in the testosterone only group compared with day 1. Serum dihydrotestosterone was suppressed in all groups on dutasteride and increased in the testosterone only group. CONCLUSIONS Oral testosterone administration resulted in a therapeutic serum testosterone concentration in hypogonadal men. Dutasteride improved the oral bioavailability of testosterone while suppressing dihydrotestosterone. Compared with day 1, testosterone was decreased after 28 days of administration. Additional study is warranted of oral testosterone with dutasteride for testosterone deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Amory
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Koo JM, Shim BS. Significance of Serum Testosterone for Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Elevation and Prediction of Prostate Cancer in Patients with PSA Above 10 ng/ml. Korean J Urol 2010; 51:831-5. [PMID: 21221202 PMCID: PMC3016428 DOI: 10.4111/kju.2010.51.12.831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Testosterone is essential for the prostate gland's normal growth and development and is also a possible risk factor for prostate cancer. This study's aim was to determine the significance of serum testosterone for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) elevation and prostate cancer prediction in high-risk men. Materials and Methods The study included 120 patients with PSA >10 ng/ml who underwent a transrectal-prostate biopsy. Serum testosterone, prostate volume, and PSA density (PSAD) were checked in all patients. Patients were divided into two groups, patients with and those without prostate cancer; and testosterone-related factors, prostate volume, PSA, PSAD, age, prostate cancer prediction rate, and cancer aggressiveness were evaluated. Results Thirty-five patients (30.2%) were confirmed as having prostate cancer. The average serum testosterone level in patients without and in those with prostate cancer was 452.25±154.62 ng/dl and 458.10±158.84 ng/dl, respectively; average PSA was 17.58±9.02 ng/ml and 18.62±6.53 ng/ml, respectively; and average age was 69.02±7.52 years and 70.69±7.02 years, respectively (p>0.05). Hypogonadal and eugonadal patients showed no significant difference in cancer prevalence (30.3% vs. 32.0%, respectively). The testosterone level did not differ significantly in patients with and those without prostate cancer in either hypogonadal or eugonadal men (p>0.05). Serum testosterone showed no correlation with PSA, PSAD, or age in either group (p>0.05) and was unrelated to prostate cancer risk or aggressiveness (p>0.05). Conclusions In our study's results, serum testosterone at the time of diagnosis was unrelated to PSA elevation, prostate cancer risk, and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Mo Koo
- Department of Urology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Akaza H, Kanetake H, Tsukamoto T, Miyanaga N, Sakai H, Masumori N, Nakatsu H, Sagiyama K, Sakamoto S, Endo Y, Yamanouchi T. Efficacy and safety of dutasteride on prostate cancer risk reduction in Asian men: the results from the REDUCE study. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2010; 41:417-23. [PMID: 21123311 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyq221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A post hoc analysis of Asian men in the REDUCE study was conducted to investigate whether the outcomes were in line with those of the overall population. METHODS REDUCE was a 4-year international, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Inclusion criteria were men between 50 and 75 years of age, a serum prostate-specific antigen level of 2.5-10.0 ng/ml (50-60 years) or 3.0-10.0 ng/ml (>60 years), and a single, negative prostate biopsy (6-12 cores) within 6 months before enrollment. The primary endpoint was biopsy-detectable prostate cancer. This post hoc analysis included subjects who were recorded as Asian. RESULTS A total of 134 Asians, including 57 Japanese, were randomized to the study treatment. During the study period, the incidence of prostate cancer in the placebo and dutasteride groups was 19.6% (11/56) and 9.3% (5/54), respectively (relative risk reduction, 54%; 95% confidence intervals, -27 to 83%, P = 0.12), in the Asian subpopulation. Fewer tumors with the Gleason scores of 7-10 and 8-10 were detected among dutasteride-treated men. Although the incidences of drug-related sexual adverse events were higher in the dutasteride group, only in rare occasions did they lead to drug discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of prostate cancer in the dutasteride group was lower than that in the placebo group, although the difference was not significant. These results paralleled those for the overall population and support the value of dutasteride for prostate cancer risk reduction in Asian men with an increased risk of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Akaza
- Department of Urology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
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Schulman CC, Irani J, Morote J, Schalken JA, Montorsi F, Chlosta PL, Heidenreich A. Testosterone Measurement in Patients with Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2010; 58:65-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2010; 4:111-20. [DOI: 10.1097/spc.0b013e32833a1dfc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity. Current world literature. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2010; 17:293-312. [PMID: 20418721 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e328339f31e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Nutraceuticals are 'natural' substances isolated or purified from food substances and used in a medicinal fashion. Several naturally derived food substances have been studied in prostate cancer in an attempt to identify natural preventative therapies for this disease. Vitamin E, selenium, vitamin D, green tea, soy, and lycopene have all been examined in human studies. Other potential nutraceuticals that lack human data, most notably pomegranate, might also have a preventative role in this disease. Unfortunately, most of the literature involving nutraceuticals in prostate cancer is epidemiological and retrospective. The paucity of randomized control trial evidence for the majority of these substances creates difficulty in making clinical recommendations particularly when most of the compounds have no evidence of toxicity and occur naturally. Despite these shortcomings, this area of prostate cancer prevention is still under intense investigation. We believe many of these 'natural' compounds have therapeutic potential and anticipate future studies will consist of well-designed clinical trials assessing combinations of compounds concurrently.
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Briganti A, Capitanio U, Suardi N, Gallina A, Salonia A, Bianchi M, Tutolo M, Di Girolamo V, Guazzoni G, Rigatti P, Montorsi F. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Its Aetiologies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eursup.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Adolfsson J. Editorial Comment on: Pharmacological Approaches to Reducing the Risk of Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2009; 55:1074. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2009.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Editorial comment on: Pharmacological approaches to reducing the risk of prostate cancer. Eur Urol 2009; 55:1073-4. [PMID: 19200640 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2009.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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