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Belge Bilgin G, Bilgin C, Orscelik A, Burkett BJ, Thorpe MP, Johnson DR, Johnson GB, Kallmes DF, Sartor O, Kendi AT. Detection rate of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPr) targeted tracers for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in primary prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Nucl Med 2024:10.1007/s12149-024-01978-6. [PMID: 39287742 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-024-01978-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPr) has gained recognition as a promising target for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications in a variety of human cancers. This study aims to explore the primary tumor detection capabilities of [68Ga] Ga-GRPr PET imaging, specifically in newly diagnosed intra-prostatic prostate cancer lesions (PCa). Following PRISMA-DTA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies) guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted using the Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Data regarding patient characteristics and imaging procedure details-including the type of radiotracer used, administered activity, image acquisition time, scanner modality, criteria, and detection rate of index test-were extracted from the included studies. The pooled patient-and lesion-based detection rates, along with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI), were calculated using a random effects model. The final analysis included 9 studies involving 291 patients and 350 intra-prostatic lesions with [68Ga] Ga-GRPr PET imaging in primary PCa. In per-patient-based analysis of [68Ga] Ga-GRPr PET imaging, the pooled detection rates of overall and patients with Gleason score ≥ 7 were 87.09% (95% CI 74.98-93.82) and 89.01% (95% CI 68.17-96.84), respectively. In per-lesion-based analysis, the pooled detection rate [68Ga] Ga-GRPr PET imaging was 78.54% (95% CI 69.8-85.29). The pooled detection rate mpMRI (multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging) in patient-based analysis was 91.85% (95% CI 80.12-96.92). The difference between the detection rates of the mpMRI and [68Ga] Ga-GRPr PET imaging was not statistically significant (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.23-3.51). Our findings suggest that [68Ga] Ga-GRPr PET imaging has the potential as a diagnostic target for primary PCa. Future research is needed to determine the effectiveness of [68Ga] Ga-GRPr PET in delivering additional imaging data and guiding therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cem Bilgin
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Atakan Orscelik
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Geoffrey B Johnson
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Oliver Sartor
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Esen B, Gürses B, Sekmen M, Kordan Y, Kiremit MC, Vural M, Tilki D, Esen T. Natural history of PIRADS-2 lesions on serial multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging: Real-life data from an Academic Center. Urol Oncol 2024:S1078-1439(24)00578-7. [PMID: 39256146 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND The natural history of prostate imaging reporting and data system (PIRADS) score 2 lesions on serial mpMRIs is largely unknown. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the patients with PIRADS-2 index lesions by using serial mpMRI scans to reveal the rates of mpMRI upgrade in PIRADS score and prostate cancer (PCa) detection. METHODS/MATERIALS All mpMRI scans with a PIRADS-2 index lesion from our mpMRI database were evaluated retrospectively. Data from 214 biopsy-naïve patients with a PIRADS-2 index lesion on the initial mpMRI who then underwent at least 1 follow-up mpMRI were reevaluated by an experienced uroradiologist and only those (n = 172) who had a PIRADS-2 index lesion on the initial mpMRI according to PIRADS v2.1 were included in the study. mpMRI progression was defined as the detection of any PIRADS ≥3 lesion at follow-up mpMRI. Histopathological results were evaluated in patients undergoing biopsy upon mpMRI progression. RESULTS A total of 172 patients with a mean age of 60.1 ± 8.6 years were evaluated. The median PSA at baseline mpMRI was 4.7 (IQR; 3.3-6.7) ng/dl. Overall mpMRI progression was detected in 54 patients (31.4%), 37 were upgraded to PIRADS-3, 16 to PIRADS-4, and one to PIRADS-5. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a PSA increase of ≥25% during follow-up was the only predictor of mpMRI upgrade (P = 0.019, OR: 2.384). 30 out of 54 patients underwent a prostate biopsy and PCa was detected in 15 patients; 5 with ISUP grade 1, 10 with ISUP grade 2. CONCLUSIONS Almost half of the patients with a PIRADS-2 index lesion were upgraded to PIRADS ≥3 when evaluated with serial mpMRI when a PSA increase of ≥25% was observed during follow-up. PCa was detected in half of the patients who underwent a biopsy. Serial mpMRI can be recommended when monitoring patients with elevating PSA ≥25%, a prostate biopsy can be considered upon a mpMRI progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barış Esen
- Department of Urology, Koc University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Bengi Gürses
- Department of Radiology, Koc University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mert Sekmen
- Department of Urology, Koc University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Yakup Kordan
- Department of Urology, Koc University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Murat Can Kiremit
- Department of Urology, Koc University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Metin Vural
- Radiology Clinic, VKF American Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Derya Tilki
- Department of Urology, Koc University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye; Department of Urology, Hamburg University, School of Medicine, Hamburg, Germany; Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tarık Esen
- Department of Urology, Koc University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Malewski W, Milecki T, Tayara O, Poletajew S, Kryst P, Tokarczyk A, Nyk Ł. Role of Systematic Biopsy in the Era of Targeted Biopsy: A Review. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:5171-5194. [PMID: 39330011 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31090383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major public health issue, as the second most common cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men. Many PCa cases are indolent and pose minimal risk, making active surveillance a suitable management approach. However, clinically significant prostate carcinoma (csPCa) can lead to serious health issues, including progression, metastasis, and death. Differentiating between insignificant prostate cancer (inPCa) and csPCa is crucial for determining appropriate treatment. Diagnosis of PCa primarily involves trans-perineal and transrectal systematic biopsies. Systematic transrectal prostate biopsy, which typically collects 10-12 tissue samples, is a standard method, but it can miss csPCa and is associated with some complications. Recent advancements, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-targeted biopsies, have been suggested to improve risk stratification and reduce overtreatment of inPCa and undertreatment of csPCa, thereby enhancing patient quality of life and treatment outcomes. Guided biopsies are increasingly recommended for their ability to better detect high-risk cancers while reducing identification of low-risk cases. MRI-targeted biopsies, especially when used as an initial biopsy in biopsy-naïve patients and those under active surveillance, have become more common. Utilization of MRI-TB alone can decrease septic complications; however, the combining of targeted biopsies with perilesional sampling is recommended for optimal detection of csPCa. Future advancements in imaging and biopsy techniques, including AI-augmented lesion detection and robotic-assisted sampling, promise to further improve the accuracy and effectiveness of PCa detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Malewski
- Second Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-511 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Milecki
- Department of Urology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Omar Tayara
- Second Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-511 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Poletajew
- Second Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-511 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Kryst
- Second Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-511 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tokarczyk
- Second Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-511 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Nyk
- Second Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-511 Warsaw, Poland
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Zambon A, Nguyen TA, Fourcade A, Segalen T, Saout K, Deruelle C, Joulin V, Tissot V, Doucet L, Fournier G, Valeri A. Which protocol for prostate biopsies in patients with a positive MRI? Interest of systematic biopsies by sectors. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2024; 27:500-506. [PMID: 38114598 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-023-00770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current prostate biopsy (PBx) protocol for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis is to perform systematic biopsies (SBx) combined with targeted biopsies (TBx) in case of positive MRI (i.e. PI-RADS ≥ 3). To assess the utility of performing SBx in combination with TBx, we determined the added value of SBx brought to the diagnosis of PCa according to their sextant location and MRI target characteristics. METHODS In our local prospectively collected database, we conducted a single-center retrospective study including all patients with a suspicion of PCa, who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided (TRUS) prostate biopsies (PBx) with a prior MRI and a single lesion classified as PI-RADS ≥ 3. We have characterized the SBx according to their location on MRI: same sextant (S-SBx), adjacent sextant (A-SBx), ipsilateral side (I-SBx) and contralateral side (C-SBx). The added value of SBx and TBx was defined as any upgrading to significant PCa (csPCa) (ISUP ≥2). RESULTS 371 patients were included in the study. The added value of SBx was 10% overall. Regarding the lesion location and the SBx sextant, the added value of SBx was: 5.1% for S-SBx, 5.4% for A-SBx, 4.9% for I-SBx and 1.9% for C-SBx. The overall added value of SBx was 6.8% for PI-RADS 3 lesions, 14% for PI-RADS 4 lesions and 6.7% for PI-RADS 5 lesions (p = 0.063). The added value of SBx for contralateral side was 1.9% (2/103), 3.1% (5/163) and 0% (0/105) for PI-RADS 3, PI-RADS 4 and PI-RADS 5 lesions, respectively (p = 0,4). The added value of SBx was lower when the number of TBx was higher (OR 0.57; CI 95% 0.37-0.85; p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the utility of performing SBx in the contralateral lobe toward the MRI lesion was very low, supporting that they might be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zambon
- Urology Department, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France.
| | - T-A Nguyen
- Urology Department, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
- LaTIM-UMR 1101, INSERM, EFS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - A Fourcade
- Urology Department, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - T Segalen
- Urology Department, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - K Saout
- Urology Department, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - C Deruelle
- Urology Department, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - V Joulin
- Urology Department, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - V Tissot
- Radiology Department, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - L Doucet
- Pathology Department, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - G Fournier
- Urology Department, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
- LaTIM-UMR 1101, INSERM, EFS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
- CeRePP, Paris, France
| | - A Valeri
- Urology Department, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
- LaTIM-UMR 1101, INSERM, EFS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
- CeRePP, Paris, France
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Yu LP, Du YQ, Sun YR, Qin CP, Yang WB, Huang ZX, Xu T. Value of cognitive fusion targeted and standard systematic transrectal prostate biopsy for prostate cancer diagnosis. Asian J Androl 2024; 26:479-483. [PMID: 38783630 DOI: 10.4103/aja202414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to compare the accuracies of cognitive fusion-guided targeted biopsy (TB), systematic biopsy (SB), and combined TB+SB for the detection of prostate cancer (PCa) and clinically significant PCa (csPCa) in males with lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We conducted a retrospective analysis of individuals who underwent prostate biopsy at Peking University People's Hospital (Beijing, China), with an emphasis on patients with both transrectal TB and SB. The main objective was to determine the precisions of SB, TB, and TB+SB for diagnosing PCa and csPCa. We also evaluated the detection rates of TB, SB, TB+ipsilateral-SB (ipsi-SB), TB+contralateral-SB (contra-SB), and TB+SB for PCa and csPCa in patients with unilateral MRI lesions. We compared the diagnostic yields of the various biopsy schemes using the McNemar's test. A total of 180 patients were enrolled. The rates of PCa detection using TB, SB, and TB+SB were 52.8%, 62.2%, and 66.7%, respectively, and the corresponding rates for csPCa were 46.1%, 56.7%, and 58.3%, respectively. Among patients with unilateral MRI lesions, the PCa detection rates for TB, SB, TB+ipsi-SB, TB+contra-SB, and TB+SB were 53.3%, 64.8%, 65.6%, 61.5%, and 68.0%, respectively. TB+ipsi-SB detected 96.4% of PCa and 95.9% of csPCa cases. These findings suggest that the combination of TB+SB has better diagnostic accuracy compared with SB or TB alone. For patients with unilateral MRI lesions, the combination of TB+ipsi-SB may be suitable in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ping Yu
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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Şahin B, Çetin S, Sözen S, Aslan G, Çelik S, Türkeri L. A novel nomogram to predict clinically significant prostate cancer in MR assisted lesion biopsies: Turkish urooncology association nomogram. Urol Oncol 2024; 42:288.e17-288.e25. [PMID: 38782675 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop a novel nomogram to predict clinically significant prostate cancer in patients undergoing multi-parametric prostate MRI-assisted lesion biopsies, addressing the challenges in deciding on biopsy for patients with PI-RADS 3 lesions and follow-up strategies for patients with negative PI-RADS 4 or 5 lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective case-control study was conducted using the Turkish Urooncology Association Databases (UROCaD). The final dataset included 2428 lesion biopsy data. Univariate analysis, logistic regression, and validation were performed, with 1942 and 486 lesion biopsy data in the training and validation datasets, respectively. RESULTS Age, initial total PSA value, PSA density, prostate volume, lesion length, DRE findings, and PI-RADS score were significantly different between benign or non-significant cancer and clinically significant prostate cancer groups. The developed nomogram incorporated PSA density, age, PI-RADS score, lesion length, and DRE findings. The mean area under the curve for the 6-fold cross-validation was 0.836, while the area under the curve values for the training and validation datasets were 0.827 and 0.861, respectively. The nomogram demonstrated a sensitivity of 75.6% and a specificity of 74.8% at a cut-off score of 24.9, with positive and negative predictive values of 42.2% and 92.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION The TUA nomogram, based on PSA density, age, PI-RADS score, lesion length, and DRE findings, provides a reliable and accurate prediction tool for detecting clinically significant prostate cancer in patients undergoing multi-parametric prostate MRI-assisted lesion (fusion) biopsies, potentially improving patient management and reducing unnecessary biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahadır Şahin
- Urology Department, Marmara University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Serhat Çetin
- Urology Department, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinan Sözen
- Urology Department, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Güven Aslan
- Urology Department, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Serdar Çelik
- Urology Department, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Izmir Faculty of Medicine, Izmir City Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Levent Türkeri
- Urology Department, Acıbadem University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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Jäderling F, Bergman M, Engel JC, Mortezavi A, Picker W, Haug ES, Eklund M, Nordström T. Tailoring biopsy strategy in the MRI-fusion prostate biopsy era: systematic, targeted or neither? BMC Urol 2024; 24:168. [PMID: 39112967 PMCID: PMC11304837 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-024-01553-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) followed by targeted biopsy (TBx) is utilized for prostate cancer (PCa) detection. However, the value of adding systematic biopsies (SBx) to targeted biopsy procedures (combined biopsy; CBx) in men with suspicious MRI findings has not been determined. METHODS We analysed biopsy outcomes in 429 men with MRI lesions in the prospective multicenter STHLM3MRI pilot study, planned for prostate biopsy. Participants underwent 1.5T biparametric MRI without contrast enhancement, reported according to the PI-RADS v2, and with TBx plus SBx if the MRI lesion score was ≥ 3. The endpoints were clinically nonsignificant (nsPCa) and clinically significant PCa (csPCa), defined as ISUP grade groups 1 and ≥ 2, respectively. RESULTS The median age was 65 years (59-70), and the median PSA 6.0 ng/ml (4.1-9.0). The detection rates of csPCa when using TBx or SBx combined were 18%, 46%, and 85% in men with PIRADS scores of 3 (n = 195), 4 (n = 121), and 5 (n = 113), respectively. This combined strategy detected csPCa in more men than TBx alone (43.6% vs 39.2%, p < 0.02), with similar detection of nsPCa (19.3% vs 17.7%, p = 0.2). In men with equivocal lesions (PI-RADS 3), the detection rates for csPCa were similar for the combined strategy and for TBx alone (17.9% and 15.4%, p = 0.06). However, there was an increase in the detection of nsPCa when using the combined strategy (21.0% vs 15.4%, p < 0.02). Men with equivocal lesions and a PSA density < 0.1 ng/ml2 or a Stockholm 3 test < 0.11 had a low risk of harboring csPCa. CONCLUSIONS Supplementing targeted with systematic biopsies enhances clinically significant cancer detection. However, in men with equivocal lesions, this combination has potential for detecting nonsignificant disease. A subgroup of men with equivocal MRI findings may be identified as having a low risk for significant cancer and spared unnecessary biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Jäderling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Radiology, Capio S:T Görans Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Martin Bergman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, S-171 77, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Capio S:T Görans Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Chandra Engel
- Department of Clinical Sciences at Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ashkan Mortezavi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, S-171 77, Sweden
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Martin Eklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, S-171 77, Sweden
| | - Tobias Nordström
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, S-171 77, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences at Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kou W, Rey C, Marshall H, Chiu B. Interactive Cascaded Network for Prostate Cancer Segmentation from Multimodality MRI with Automated Quality Assessment. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:796. [PMID: 39199754 PMCID: PMC11351867 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11080796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The accurate segmentation of prostate cancer (PCa) from multiparametric MRI is crucial in clinical practice for guiding biopsy and treatment planning. Existing automated methods often lack the necessary accuracy and robustness in localizing PCa, whereas interactive segmentation methods, although more accurate, require user intervention on each input image, thereby limiting the cost-effectiveness of the segmentation workflow. Our innovative framework addresses the limitations of current methods by combining a coarse segmentation network, a rejection network, and an interactive deep network known as Segment Anything Model (SAM). The coarse segmentation network automatically generates initial segmentation results, which are evaluated by the rejection network to estimate their quality. Low-quality results are flagged for user interaction, with the user providing a region of interest (ROI) enclosing the lesions, whereas for high-quality results, ROIs were cropped from the automatic segmentation. Both manually and automatically defined ROIs are fed into SAM to produce the final fine segmentation. This approach significantly reduces the annotation burden and achieves substantial improvements by flagging approximately 20% of the images with the lowest quality scores for manual annotation. With only half of the images manually annotated, the final segmentation accuracy is statistically indistinguishable from that achieved using full manual annotation. Although this paper focuses on prostate lesion segmentation from multimodality MRI, the framework can be adapted to other medical image segmentation applications to improve segmentation efficiency while maintaining high accuracy standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Kou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;
| | - Cristian Rey
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
| | - Harry Marshall
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Bernard Chiu
- Department of Physics & Computer Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
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Demichel N, Coffinet J, Taha F, Tambwe R, Belkessa N, Zayani C, Durlach A, Larre S, Gomis P, Leon P. Factors improving the diagnostic performance of targeted biopsies in the diagnosis of significant prostate cancer. THE FRENCH JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 2024; 34:102712. [PMID: 39117280 DOI: 10.1016/j.fjurol.2024.102712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MRI-targeted biopsy improves detection of significant prostate cancer (csPCa) and grade prediction. The aim of this study was to identify factors improving the diagnostic performance of targeted biopsies (TB) in detecting csPCa. METHODS Retrospective monocenter study of patients who underwent a radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer (PCa) and diagnosed by transrectal combined biopsies (CB) with elastic MRI/ultrasound fusion. We evaluate the diagnostic performance of standardized (SB), targeted (TB) and CB for csPCa, including sensitivity, specificity, and ROC curve. Univariables and logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze factors improving the diagnostic performance of TB in detecting csPCa on final histopathology. RESULTS Two hundred and four men underwent RP after CB with suspicious lesions (PI-RADS≥3) on MRI were included. csPCa was significantly associated with prostate volume, PSA density, a lesion index in the peripheral zone, with a diameter≥7mm. TB were positives for 174 patients (85.3%). Prostate volume, PSA density, radiological coherence, previous biopsies, and a number of biopsies≥3 were significantly associated with a cancer detection. csPCa on TB, a prostate volume<60mL, an index lesion≥7mm and a peripheral zone location were significant predictive factors for diagnostic of csPCa on final histopathology. Area under the ROC curve values, sensitivities and specificities of CB and TB (adjusted model) were 0.78 [0.72-0.84], 77.3 [70.3-83.4], 78.1 [60-90.7], and 0.85 [0.79-0.90], 83.7 [77.3-88.9] and 75 [56.6-88.5] respectively. CONCLUSION This study confirms the benefit of CB and suggests that TB for a selected population could be as effective as CB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Demichel
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Reims University Hospital, 45, rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France.
| | - Julien Coffinet
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, polyclinique Courlancy-Bezannes, 51430 Reims, France
| | - Fayek Taha
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Reims University Hospital, 45, rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Ricky Tambwe
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Saint-Gregoire Private Hospital Center, 35760 Saint-Gregoire, France
| | | | - Chokri Zayani
- Department of Radiology, Epernay Hospital, 51200 Epernay, France
| | - Anne Durlach
- Department of Anatomopathology, Reims University Hospital, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Stephane Larre
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Reims University Hospital, 45, rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Philippe Gomis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Priscilla Leon
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Pasteur Royan Clinic, 17200 Royan, France
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van den Kroonenberg DL, Jager A, Garrido-Utrilla A, Reitsma JB, Postema AW, Beerlage HP, Oddens JR. Clinical Validation of Multiparametric Ultrasound for Detecting Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer Using Computer-Aided Diagnosis: A Direct Comparison with the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Pathway. EUR UROL SUPPL 2024; 66:60-66. [PMID: 39050912 PMCID: PMC11267110 DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2024.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
We present the protocol for a study testing the hypothesis that a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for three-dimensional multiparametric ultrasound (3D mpUS) is noninferior to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in guiding prostate biopsies for detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). The prospective study has a fully paired design for assessment of diagnostic accuracy and is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT06281769. A total of 438 biopsy-naïve men scheduled for prostate MRI evaluation because of an abnormal digital rectal examination and/or elevated serum prostate-specific antigen will be included. All patients will undergo both MRI (multiparametric or biparametric) and 3D mpUS with CAD (PCaVision). Suspicious lesions will be independently identified using each imaging technique. MRI targeted biopsy (TBx) and/or PCaVision TBx will be performed if suspicious lesions are identified on imaging. When both PCaVision and MRI identify lesions in an individual patient, the TBx order for this patient will be randomized. Three TBx samples per lesion will be taken for a maximum of two lesions per modality. The primary objective is the detection rate for csPCa (International Society of Urological Pathology grade group [GG] ≥2) with the PCaVision versus the MRI TBx pathway. The noninferiority margin for the absolute difference in detection rates is set at a difference of 5%. Secondary outcomes are the proportion of men in whom TBx could have been safely omitted in each pathway. Additional diagnostic accuracy analyses will be performed for different definitions of PCa (GG ≥3; GG ≥2 with cribriform growth and/or intraductal carcinoma; and GG 1). The frequency of insufficient image quality for the two pathways will also be assessed. Lastly, we will determine the diagnostic performance for csPCa detection at various 3D mpUS image quality thresholds for PCaVision.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Auke Jager
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Johannes B. Reitsma
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud W. Postema
- Department of Urology, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jorg R. Oddens
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Cornford P, van den Bergh RCN, Briers E, Van den Broeck T, Brunckhorst O, Darraugh J, Eberli D, De Meerleer G, De Santis M, Farolfi A, Gandaglia G, Gillessen S, Grivas N, Henry AM, Lardas M, van Leenders GJLH, Liew M, Linares Espinos E, Oldenburg J, van Oort IM, Oprea-Lager DE, Ploussard G, Roberts MJ, Rouvière O, Schoots IG, Schouten N, Smith EJ, Stranne J, Wiegel T, Willemse PPM, Tilki D. EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-ISUP-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer-2024 Update. Part I: Screening, Diagnosis, and Local Treatment with Curative Intent. Eur Urol 2024; 86:148-163. [PMID: 38614820 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2024.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The European Association of Urology (EAU)-European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM)-European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO)-European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR)-International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP)-International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) guidelines provide recommendations for the management of clinically localised prostate cancer (PCa). This paper aims to present a summary of the 2024 version of the EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-ISUP-SIOG guidelines on the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of clinically localised PCa. METHODS The panel performed a literature review of all new data published in English, covering the time frame between May 2020 and 2023. The guidelines were updated, and a strength rating for each recommendation was added based on a systematic review of the evidence. KEY FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS A risk-adapted strategy for identifying men who may develop PCa is advised, generally commencing at 50 yr of age and based on individualised life expectancy. The use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in order to avoid unnecessary biopsies is recommended. When a biopsy is considered, a combination of targeted and regional biopsies should be performed. Prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography imaging is the most sensitive technique for identifying metastatic spread. Active surveillance is the appropriate management for men with low-risk PCa, as well as for selected favourable intermediate-risk patients with International Society of Urological Pathology grade group 2 lesions. Local therapies are addressed, as well as the management of persistent prostate-specific antigen after surgery. A recommendation to consider hypofractionation in intermediate-risk patients is provided. Patients with cN1 PCa should be offered a local treatment combined with long-term intensified hormonal treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The evidence in the field of diagnosis, staging, and treatment of localised PCa is evolving rapidly. These PCa guidelines reflect the multidisciplinary nature of PCa management. PATIENT SUMMARY This article is the summary of the guidelines for "curable" prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is "found" through a multistep risk-based screening process. The objective is to find as many men as possible with a curable cancer. Prostate cancer is curable if it resides in the prostate; it is then classified into low-, intermediary-, and high-risk localised and locally advanced prostate cancer. These risk classes are the basis of the treatments. Low-risk prostate cancer is treated with "active surveillance", a treatment with excellent prognosis. For low-intermediary-risk active surveillance should also be discussed as an option. In other cases, active treatments, surgery, or radiation treatment should be discussed along with the potential side effects to allow shared decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Cornford
- Department of Urology, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | - Julie Darraugh
- European Association of Urology, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Eberli
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gert De Meerleer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria De Santis
- Department of Urology, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Farolfi
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gandaglia
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology, Soldera Prostate Cancer Laboratory, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Silke Gillessen
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos Grivas
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ann M Henry
- Leeds Cancer Centre, St. James's University Hospital and University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Michael Lardas
- Department of Urology, Metropolitan General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Matthew Liew
- Department of Urology, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Jan Oldenburg
- Akershus University Hospital (Ahus), Lørenskog, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge M van Oort
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela E Oprea-Lager
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Matthew J Roberts
- Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Olivier Rouvière
- Department of Imaging, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UFR Lyon-Est, Lyon, France
| | - Ivo G Schoots
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Emma J Smith
- European Association of Urology, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Stranne
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Wiegel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter-Paul M Willemse
- Department of Urology, Cancer Center University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Derya Tilki
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Urology, Koc University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Brondani Torri G, Antune Pereira P, Piovesan Wiethan C, Mesquita Y, Mirshahvalad SA, Veit-Haibach P, Ghai S, Metser U, Altmayer S, Dias AB. Comparison of Multiparametric MRI and the Combination of PSMA Plus MRI for the Intraprostatic Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Nucl Med 2024; 49:e375-e382. [PMID: 38776063 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000005265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to perform a head-to-head comparison of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and the combination of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET plus MRI (PSMA + MRI) for detecting intraprostatic clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). PATIENTS AND METHODS Relevant databases were searched through November 2023. Only studies directly comparing mpMRI and PSMA + MRI (PET/MRI or PET/CT + mpMRI) were included. A meta-analysis with a random-effects model was used to estimate pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve for each approach. RESULTS A total of 19 studies were included. On a patient-level analysis, PSMA + MRI had higher sensitivity (9 studies) than mpMRI for csPCa detection (96% [95% confidence interval (CI): 92%, 98%] vs 89% [95% CI: 81%, 94%]; P = 0.04). The patient-level specificity (4 studies) of PSMA + MRI was 55% (95% CI: 31%-76%) compared with 50% (95% CI: 44%-57%) of mpMRI ( P = 0.67). Region-level sensitivity (10 studies) was 85% (95% CI: 74%-92%) for PSMA + MRI and 71% (95% CI: 58%-82%) for mpMRI ( P = 0.09), whereas specificity (4 studies) was 87% (95% CI: 76%-94%) and 90% (95% CI: 82%-95%), respectively ( P = 0.59). Lesion-level sensitivity and specificity were similar between modalities with pooled data from less than 4 studies. CONCLUSIONS PSMA + MRI had superior pooled sensitivity and similar specificity for the detection of csPCa compared with mpMRI in this meta-analysis of head-to-head studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Brondani Torri
- From the Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul
| | - Pedro Antune Pereira
- University Medical Imaging Toronto, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto
| | - Camila Piovesan Wiethan
- From the Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul
| | - Yasmin Mesquita
- Division of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Seyed Ali Mirshahvalad
- University Medical Imaging Toronto, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto
| | - Patrick Veit-Haibach
- University Medical Imaging Toronto, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto
| | - Sangeet Ghai
- University Medical Imaging Toronto, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto
| | - Ur Metser
- University Medical Imaging Toronto, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto
| | - Stephan Altmayer
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Adriano Basso Dias
- University Medical Imaging Toronto, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto
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13
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Hogenhout R, Remmers S, van Slooten-Midderigh ME, de Vos II, Roobol MJ. From Screening to Mortality Reduction: An Overview of Empirical Data on the Patient Journey in European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer Rotterdam After 21 Years of Follow-up and a Reflection on Quality of Life. Eur Urol Oncol 2024; 7:713-720. [PMID: 37690917 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research quantified the effect of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based prostate cancer (PCa) screening on quality-adjusted life years using 11-yr follow-up data from the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) extrapolated by the Microsimulation Screening Analysis (MISCAN). ERSPC data now matured to 21 yr of follow-up. OBJECTIVE To provide an overview of the effect of PSA-based screening on tumour characteristics and PCa treatment using long-term, detailed, empirical ERSPC data. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Men were included from the ERSPC Rotterdam who were randomised to a PSA-based screening (S) or control (C) arm. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS We assessed the effects of PSA-based screening on the number of PCa diagnoses, tumour characteristics, treatments, and cumulative incidence of disease progression. We also evaluated the changes in tumour characteristics and treatments over time for both study arms. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Among PCa patients in the S-arm, fewer patients were diagnosed with advanced tumour stages (T3/T4: 12% vs 23%; relative risk [RR] = 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.44-0.57), less disease progression was observed, and less secondary treatment (30% vs 48%; RR = 0.61; 95% CI 0.57-0.66; p < 0.001) and less palliative treatment were needed (21% vs 55%; RR = 0.38; 95% CI 0.35-0.42) than among those in the C-arm. This was at the cost of overdiagnosis and increased local treatments (eg, radical prostatectomy: 32% vs 14%; RR = 2.18; 95% CI 1.92-2.48). Over time, the number of local treatments decreased, whereas expectant management strategies increased. The RRs of treatments were slightly different from those of the MISCAN. CONCLUSIONS After 21 yr of follow-up, empirical data of the ERSPC showed that PSA-based screening reduces advanced PCa stages, disease progression, and extensive treatments at the cost of more overdiagnosis and probably more overtreatment. Our data showed reduced local treatments and increased expectant management strategies over time. PATIENT SUMMARY Prostate-specific antigen-based screening reduces the number of invasive prostate cancer treatments needed, however, at the cost of more overdiagnosis and probably more overtreatment. Limiting these costs remains crucial to benefit optimally from prostate cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Hogenhout
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sebastiaan Remmers
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ivo I de Vos
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique J Roobol
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Mazzetti S, Defeudis A, Nicoletti G, Chiorino G, De Luca S, Faletti R, Gatti M, Gontero P, Manfredi M, Mello-Grand M, Peraldo-Neia C, Zitella A, Porpiglia F, Regge D, Giannini V. Development and validation of a clinical decision support system based on PSA, microRNAs, and MRI for the detection of prostate cancer. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:5108-5117. [PMID: 38177618 PMCID: PMC11255044 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10542-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study are to develop and validate a clinical decision support system based on demographics, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), microRNA (miRNA), and MRI for the detection of prostate cancer (PCa) and clinical significant (cs) PCa, and to assess if this system performs better compared to MRI alone. METHODS This retrospective, multicenter, observational study included 222 patients (mean age 66, range 46-75 years) who underwent prostate MRI, miRNA (let-7a-5p and miR-103a-3p) assessment, and biopsy. Monoparametric and multiparametric models including age, PSA, miRNA, and MRI outcome were trained on 65% of the data and then validated on the remaining 35% to predict both PCa (any Gleason grade [GG]) and csPCa (GG ≥ 2 vs GG = 1/negative). Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value (NPV), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated. RESULTS MRI outcome was the best predictor in the monoparametric model for both detection of PCa, with sensitivity of 90% (95%CI 73-98%) and NPV of 93% (95%CI 82-98%), and for csPCa identification, with sensitivity of 91% (95%CI 72-99%) and NPV of 95% (95%CI 84-99%). Sensitivity and NPV of PSA + miRNA for the detection of csPCa were not statistically different from the other models including MRI alone. CONCLUSION MRI stand-alone yielded the best prediction models for both PCa and csPCa detection in biopsy-naïve patients. The use of miRNAs let-7a-5p and miR-103a-3p did not improve classification performances compared to MRI stand-alone results. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT The use of miRNA (let-7a-5p and miR-103a-3p), PSA, and MRI in a clinical decision support system (CDSS) does not improve MRI stand-alone performance in the detection of PCa and csPCa. KEY POINTS • Clinical decision support systems including MRI improve the detection of both prostate cancer and clinically significant prostate cancer with respect to PSA test and/or microRNA. • The use of miRNAs let-7a-5p and miR-103a-3p did not significantly improve MRI stand-alone performance. • Results of this study were in line with previous works on MRI and microRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mazzetti
- Radiology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Arianna Defeudis
- Radiology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Giulia Nicoletti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Polytechnic of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Stefano De Luca
- Department of Urology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Faletti
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Gatti
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Gontero
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Manfredi
- Department of Urology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Zitella
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Porpiglia
- Department of Urology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Daniele Regge
- Radiology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Valentina Giannini
- Radiology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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15
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Jiang X, Chen M, Tian J, Li X, Liu R, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Peng S, Niu Y, Xu Y. Comparison of Regional Saturation Biopsy, Targeted Biopsy, and Systematic Biopsy in Patients with Prostate-specific Antigen Levels of 4-20 ng/ml: A Prospective, Single-center, Randomized Controlled Trial. Eur Urol Oncol 2024; 7:944-953. [PMID: 38158249 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)-guided targeted biopsy (TB) to identify suspicious prostate lesions, it may still miss clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) or result in false-negative findings. Recent evidence suggests that combining biopsies taken from within and around magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions can improve the detection of csPCa. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of the regional saturation biopsy (RSB) method, involving template-based nine-core biopsies for suspected regions, with that of the MRI-directed TB and/or the systematic biopsy (SB) methods in biopsy-naïve patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels ranging from 4 to 20 ng/ml. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A prospective, single-center, randomized controlled trial included 434 biopsy-naïve patients with suspected lesions on mpMRI and PSA levels between 4 and 20 ng/ml (from January 2022 to July 2023). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The detection rates of csPCa for the RSB, TB, and SB methods were analyzed using the McNemar test for intrapatient comparisons. The Fisher's exact test was used for comparisons between RSB and TB. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS The RSB approach yielded a significantly higher detection rate of csPCa than both the TB approach (44.1% vs 31.8%, p = 0.01) and the SB approach (44.1% vs 34.1%, p = 0.03). The RSB approach exhibited a comparable detection rate of csPCa (44.1% vs. 40.7%, p = 0.3) to the combined approach (TB + SB), while requiring fewer biopsy cores and a higher positive core number to avoid sampling the entire prostate gland (32.7% vs 18.3%, p < 0.001). Upon conducting a whole-mount histopathological analysis, it was observed that the RSB approach successfully identified 97% (32 out of 33) of the prostate cancer foci as the index lesion, whereas only 59.18% (29 out of 49) were classified as index lesions using the SB approach. Furthermore, mpMRI underestimated the average diameter of histological tumor size by a median of 0.76 cm, highlighting the importance of an optimal biopsy area for the RSB procedure. CONCLUSIONS For patients with suspected lesions on mpMRI and PSA levels between 4 and 20 ng/ml, the RSB approach has shown improved detection of clinically significant prostate cancer, accurately identifying index lesions, and minimizing biopsy cores compared with the MRI-directed TB and SB approaches. PATIENT SUMMARY For patients with suspected lesions on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and prostate-specific antigen levels between 4 and 20 ng/ml, the regional saturation biopsy method provides enhanced detection of clinically significant prostate cancer, as well as precise identification of index lesions, surpassing both magnetic resonance imaging-directed targeted biopsy and the systematic biopsy method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingkang Jiang
- Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Mingzhe Chen
- Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Clinical Trial, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ranlu Liu
- Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuanghe Peng
- Department of Pathology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanjie Niu
- Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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16
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Bertelli E, Vizzi M, Marzi C, Pastacaldi S, Cinelli A, Legato M, Ruzga R, Bardazzi F, Valoriani V, Loverre F, Impagliazzo F, Cozzi D, Nardoni S, Facchiano D, Serni S, Masieri L, Minervini A, Agostini S, Miele V. Biparametric vs. Multiparametric MRI in the Detection of Cancer in Transperineal Targeted-Biopsy-Proven Peripheral Prostate Cancer Lesions Classified as PI-RADS Score 3 or 3+1: The Added Value of ADC Quantification. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1608. [PMID: 39125483 PMCID: PMC11312064 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14151608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biparametric MRI (bpMRI) has an important role in the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa), by reducing the cost and duration of the procedure and adverse reactions. We assess the additional benefit of the ADC map in detecting prostate cancer (PCa). Additionally, we examine whether the ADC value correlates with the presence of clinically significant tumors (csPCa). METHODS 104 peripheral lesions classified as PI-RADS v2.1 score 3 or 3+1 at the mpMRI underwent transperineal MRI/US fusion-guided targeted biopsy. RESULTS The lesions were classified as PI-RADS 3 or 3+1; at histopathology, 30 were adenocarcinomas, 21 of which were classified as csPCa. The ADC threshold that maximized the Youden index in order to predict the presence of a tumor was 1103 (95% CI (990, 1243)), with a sensitivity of 0.8 and a specificity of 0.59; both values were greater than those found using the contrast medium, which were 0.5 and 0.54, respectively. Similar results were also found with csPCa, where the optimal ADC threshold was 1096 (95% CI (988, 1096)), with a sensitivity of 0.86 and specificity of 0.59, compared to 0.49 and 0.59 observed in the mpMRI. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms the possible use of a quantitative parameter (ADC value) in the risk stratification of csPCa, by reducing the number of biopsies and, therefore, the number of unwarranted diagnoses of PCa and the risk of overtreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bertelli
- Department of Radiology, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.V.); (S.P.); (A.C.); (M.L.); (R.R.); (F.B.); (V.V.); (F.L.); (F.I.); (D.C.); (S.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Michele Vizzi
- Department of Radiology, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.V.); (S.P.); (A.C.); (M.L.); (R.R.); (F.B.); (V.V.); (F.L.); (F.I.); (D.C.); (S.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Chiara Marzi
- Department of Statistics, Informatics and Applications “G. Parenti” (DiSIA), University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Sandro Pastacaldi
- Department of Radiology, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.V.); (S.P.); (A.C.); (M.L.); (R.R.); (F.B.); (V.V.); (F.L.); (F.I.); (D.C.); (S.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Alberto Cinelli
- Department of Radiology, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.V.); (S.P.); (A.C.); (M.L.); (R.R.); (F.B.); (V.V.); (F.L.); (F.I.); (D.C.); (S.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Martina Legato
- Department of Radiology, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.V.); (S.P.); (A.C.); (M.L.); (R.R.); (F.B.); (V.V.); (F.L.); (F.I.); (D.C.); (S.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Ron Ruzga
- Department of Radiology, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.V.); (S.P.); (A.C.); (M.L.); (R.R.); (F.B.); (V.V.); (F.L.); (F.I.); (D.C.); (S.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Federico Bardazzi
- Department of Radiology, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.V.); (S.P.); (A.C.); (M.L.); (R.R.); (F.B.); (V.V.); (F.L.); (F.I.); (D.C.); (S.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Vittoria Valoriani
- Department of Radiology, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.V.); (S.P.); (A.C.); (M.L.); (R.R.); (F.B.); (V.V.); (F.L.); (F.I.); (D.C.); (S.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesco Loverre
- Department of Radiology, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.V.); (S.P.); (A.C.); (M.L.); (R.R.); (F.B.); (V.V.); (F.L.); (F.I.); (D.C.); (S.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesco Impagliazzo
- Department of Radiology, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.V.); (S.P.); (A.C.); (M.L.); (R.R.); (F.B.); (V.V.); (F.L.); (F.I.); (D.C.); (S.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Diletta Cozzi
- Department of Radiology, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.V.); (S.P.); (A.C.); (M.L.); (R.R.); (F.B.); (V.V.); (F.L.); (F.I.); (D.C.); (S.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Samuele Nardoni
- Unit of Urological Minimally Invasive, Robotic Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.N.); (D.F.); (S.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Davide Facchiano
- Unit of Urological Minimally Invasive, Robotic Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.N.); (D.F.); (S.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Sergio Serni
- Unit of Urological Minimally Invasive, Robotic Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.N.); (D.F.); (S.S.); (L.M.)
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Masieri
- Unit of Urological Minimally Invasive, Robotic Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.N.); (D.F.); (S.S.); (L.M.)
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Andrea Minervini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
- Unit of Oncologic Minimally-Invasive Urology and Andrology, Careggi Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Agostini
- Department of Radiology, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.V.); (S.P.); (A.C.); (M.L.); (R.R.); (F.B.); (V.V.); (F.L.); (F.I.); (D.C.); (S.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Vittorio Miele
- Department of Radiology, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.V.); (S.P.); (A.C.); (M.L.); (R.R.); (F.B.); (V.V.); (F.L.); (F.I.); (D.C.); (S.A.); (V.M.)
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Oderda M, Dematteis A, Calleris G, Diamand R, Gatti M, Marra G, Adans-Dester G, Al Salhi Y, Pastore A, Faletti R, Gontero P. MRI-Targeted Prostate Fusion Biopsy: What Are We Missing outside the Target? Implications for Treatment Planning. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:4133-4140. [PMID: 39057180 PMCID: PMC11276028 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31070308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the added diagnostic value of systematic biopsies (SBx) after magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-targeted biopsies (TBx) and the presence of prostate cancer (PCa) outside MRI targets, in a prospective, contemporary, multicentric series of fusion biopsy patients. Methods: We collected data on 962 consecutive patients who underwent fusion biopsy between 2022 and 2024. Prostate cancer was considered clinically significant (csPCa) in the case of grade ≥ 2. Median test and Fisher exact chi-square tests were used. To identify predictors of out-field positivity, univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: Prostate cancer and csPCa were detected by TBx only in 56% and 50%, respectively, and by SBx only in 55% and 45%, respectively (p < 0.001). Prostate cancer and csPCa were diagnosed by TBx in 100 (10%) and 82 (8%) SBx-negative cases and by SBx in 86 (9%) and 54 (6%) TBx-negative cases (p < 0.001). Tumors outside MRI targets were found in 213 (33%) cases in the same lobe and 208 (32%) in the contralateral lobe, most of them being csPCa. Predictors of out-field contralateral PCa were positive DRE (HR 1.50, p 0.03), PSA density ≥ 0.15 (HR 2.20, p < 0.001), and PI-RADS score 5 (HR 2.04, p 0.01). Conclusions: Both TBx and SBx identify a non-negligible proportion of csPCa when the other modality is negative. SBx after TBx should always be considered given the risk of missing other csPCa foci within the prostate, especially in patients with positive DRE, PSA density ≥ 0.15, and PIRADS 5 lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Oderda
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (A.D.); (G.C.); (G.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Alessandro Dematteis
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (A.D.); (G.C.); (G.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Giorgio Calleris
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (A.D.); (G.C.); (G.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Romain Diamand
- Department of Urology, Jules Bordet Institute—Erasme Hospital, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Marco Gatti
- Division of Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.G.); (R.F.)
| | - Giancarlo Marra
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (A.D.); (G.C.); (G.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Gilles Adans-Dester
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Namur-Godinne, UCLouvain, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium;
| | - Yazan Al Salhi
- Urology Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (Y.A.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonio Pastore
- Urology Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (Y.A.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Riccardo Faletti
- Division of Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.G.); (R.F.)
| | - Paolo Gontero
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (A.D.); (G.C.); (G.M.); (P.G.)
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18
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Schroeder DW, Foster BR, Young DJ, Coakley FV. Targeted biopsy of the prostate. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2024:10.1007/s00261-024-04452-z. [PMID: 38976055 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-024-04452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Diagnostic multiparametric MRI of the prostate has steadily evolved over the last three decades and can now reliably depict the dominant tumor in most men with prostate cancer. In response, several methods of targeted biopsy to direct tissue sampling of suspected tumor foci seen at multiparametric MRI have been developed and successfully tested in recent years, including software-assisted MRI-ultrasound (US) fusion biopsy and direct MRI-guided in-bore biopsy. These advances are leading to a sea change in the approach to prostate cancer diagnosis, with the traditional approach of blind systematic biopsy increasingly being replaced by MRI directed targeted biopsy. This review aims to describe the current status of targeted biopsy, with an emphasis on the relative accuracy of different techniques. The results of several critical large multicenter trials are presented, while unanswered questions that require more research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Schroeder
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code: L340, Portland, OR, 97239, United States
| | - Bryan R Foster
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code: L340, Portland, OR, 97239, United States
| | - Daniel J Young
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code: L340, Portland, OR, 97239, United States
| | - Fergus V Coakley
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code: L340, Portland, OR, 97239, United States.
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19
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Schrader A, Netzer N, Hielscher T, Görtz M, Zhang KS, Schütz V, Stenzinger A, Hohenfellner M, Schlemmer HP, Bonekamp D. Prostate cancer risk assessment and avoidance of prostate biopsies using fully automatic deep learning in prostate MRI: comparison to PI-RADS and integration with clinical data in nomograms. Eur Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00330-024-10818-0. [PMID: 38955845 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-024-10818-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Risk calculators (RCs) improve patient selection for prostate biopsy with clinical/demographic information, recently with prostate MRI using the prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS). Fully-automated deep learning (DL) analyzes MRI data independently, and has been shown to be on par with clinical radiologists, but has yet to be incorporated into RCs. The goal of this study is to re-assess the diagnostic quality of RCs, the impact of replacing PI-RADS with DL predictions, and potential performance gains by adding DL besides PI-RADS. MATERIAL AND METHODS One thousand six hundred twenty-seven consecutive examinations from 2014 to 2021 were included in this retrospective single-center study, including 517 exams withheld for RC testing. Board-certified radiologists assessed PI-RADS during clinical routine, then systematic and MRI/Ultrasound-fusion biopsies provided histopathological ground truth for significant prostate cancer (sPC). nnUNet-based DL ensembles were trained on biparametric MRI predicting the presence of sPC lesions (UNet-probability) and a PI-RADS-analogous five-point scale (UNet-Likert). Previously published RCs were validated as is; with PI-RADS substituted by UNet-Likert (UNet-Likert-substituted RC); and with both UNet-probability and PI-RADS (UNet-probability-extended RC). Together with a newly fitted RC using clinical data, PI-RADS and UNet-probability, existing RCs were compared by receiver-operating characteristics, calibration, and decision-curve analysis. RESULTS Diagnostic performance remained stable for UNet-Likert-substituted RCs. DL contained complementary diagnostic information to PI-RADS. The newly-fitted RC spared 49% [252/517] of biopsies while maintaining the negative predictive value (94%), compared to PI-RADS ≥ 4 cut-off which spared 37% [190/517] (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Incorporating DL as an independent diagnostic marker for RCs can improve patient stratification before biopsy, as there is complementary information in DL features and clinical PI-RADS assessment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT For patients with positive prostate screening results, a comprehensive diagnostic workup, including prostate MRI, DL analysis, and individual classification using nomograms can identify patients with minimal prostate cancer risk, as they benefit less from the more invasive biopsy procedure. KEY POINTS The current MRI-based nomograms result in many negative prostate biopsies. The addition of DL to nomograms with clinical data and PI-RADS improves patient stratification before biopsy. Fully automatic DL can be substituted for PI-RADS without sacrificing the quality of nomogram predictions. Prostate nomograms show cancer detection ability comparable to previous validation studies while being suitable for the addition of DL analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Schrader
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nils Netzer
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hielscher
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Görtz
- Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg Medical Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Junior Clinical Cooperation Unit 'Multiparametric Methods for Early Detection of Prostate Cancer', German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kevin Sun Zhang
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Schütz
- Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg Medical Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg Medical Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hohenfellner
- Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg Medical Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heinz-Peter Schlemmer
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Bonekamp
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Heidelberg University Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany.
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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20
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Saha A, Bosma JS, Twilt JJ, van Ginneken B, Bjartell A, Padhani AR, Bonekamp D, Villeirs G, Salomon G, Giannarini G, Kalpathy-Cramer J, Barentsz J, Maier-Hein KH, Rusu M, Rouvière O, van den Bergh R, Panebianco V, Kasivisvanathan V, Obuchowski NA, Yakar D, Elschot M, Veltman J, Fütterer JJ, de Rooij M, Huisman H. Artificial intelligence and radiologists in prostate cancer detection on MRI (PI-CAI): an international, paired, non-inferiority, confirmatory study. Lancet Oncol 2024; 25:879-887. [PMID: 38876123 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(24)00220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence (AI) systems can potentially aid the diagnostic pathway of prostate cancer by alleviating the increasing workload, preventing overdiagnosis, and reducing the dependence on experienced radiologists. We aimed to investigate the performance of AI systems at detecting clinically significant prostate cancer on MRI in comparison with radiologists using the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PI-RADS 2.1) and the standard of care in multidisciplinary routine practice at scale. METHODS In this international, paired, non-inferiority, confirmatory study, we trained and externally validated an AI system (developed within an international consortium) for detecting Gleason grade group 2 or greater cancers using a retrospective cohort of 10 207 MRI examinations from 9129 patients. Of these examinations, 9207 cases from three centres (11 sites) based in the Netherlands were used for training and tuning, and 1000 cases from four centres (12 sites) based in the Netherlands and Norway were used for testing. In parallel, we facilitated a multireader, multicase observer study with 62 radiologists (45 centres in 20 countries; median 7 [IQR 5-10] years of experience in reading prostate MRI) using PI-RADS (2.1) on 400 paired MRI examinations from the testing cohort. Primary endpoints were the sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of the AI system in comparison with that of all readers using PI-RADS (2.1) and in comparison with that of the historical radiology readings made during multidisciplinary routine practice (ie, the standard of care with the aid of patient history and peer consultation). Histopathology and at least 3 years (median 5 [IQR 4-6] years) of follow-up were used to establish the reference standard. The statistical analysis plan was prespecified with a primary hypothesis of non-inferiority (considering a margin of 0·05) and a secondary hypothesis of superiority towards the AI system, if non-inferiority was confirmed. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05489341. FINDINGS Of the 10 207 examinations included from Jan 1, 2012, through Dec 31, 2021, 2440 cases had histologically confirmed Gleason grade group 2 or greater prostate cancer. In the subset of 400 testing cases in which the AI system was compared with the radiologists participating in the reader study, the AI system showed a statistically superior and non-inferior AUROC of 0·91 (95% CI 0·87-0·94; p<0·0001), in comparison to the pool of 62 radiologists with an AUROC of 0·86 (0·83-0·89), with a lower boundary of the two-sided 95% Wald CI for the difference in AUROC of 0·02. At the mean PI-RADS 3 or greater operating point of all readers, the AI system detected 6·8% more cases with Gleason grade group 2 or greater cancers at the same specificity (57·7%, 95% CI 51·6-63·3), or 50·4% fewer false-positive results and 20·0% fewer cases with Gleason grade group 1 cancers at the same sensitivity (89·4%, 95% CI 85·3-92·9). In all 1000 testing cases where the AI system was compared with the radiology readings made during multidisciplinary practice, non-inferiority was not confirmed, as the AI system showed lower specificity (68·9% [95% CI 65·3-72·4] vs 69·0% [65·5-72·5]) at the same sensitivity (96·1%, 94·0-98·2) as the PI-RADS 3 or greater operating point. The lower boundary of the two-sided 95% Wald CI for the difference in specificity (-0·04) was greater than the non-inferiority margin (-0·05) and a p value below the significance threshold was reached (p<0·001). INTERPRETATION An AI system was superior to radiologists using PI-RADS (2.1), on average, at detecting clinically significant prostate cancer and comparable to the standard of care. Such a system shows the potential to be a supportive tool within a primary diagnostic setting, with several associated benefits for patients and radiologists. Prospective validation is needed to test clinical applicability of this system. FUNDING Health~Holland and EU Horizon 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindo Saha
- Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Minimally Invasive Image-Guided Intervention Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
| | - Joeran S Bosma
- Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Twilt
- Minimally Invasive Image-Guided Intervention Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Bram van Ginneken
- Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anders Bjartell
- Department of Urology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University Cancer Centre, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anwar R Padhani
- Paul Strickland Scanner Centre, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, London, UK
| | - David Bonekamp
- Division of Radiology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Geert Villeirs
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Georg Salomon
- Martini Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gianluca Giannarini
- Urology Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Jayashree Kalpathy-Cramer
- Division of Artificial Medical Intelligence in Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jelle Barentsz
- Department of Medical Imaging, Andros Clinics, Arnhem, Netherlands
| | - Klaus H Maier-Hein
- Division of Medical Image Computing, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Pattern Analysis and Learning Group, Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirabela Rusu
- Departments of Radiology, Urology and Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Olivier Rouvière
- Department of Urinary and Vascular Imaging, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Valeria Panebianco
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Veeru Kasivisvanathan
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London and University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nancy A Obuchowski
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland OH, USA
| | - Derya Yakar
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mattijs Elschot
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Tronheim, Norway; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jeroen Veltman
- Department of Radiology, Ziekenhuisgroep Twente, Hengelo, Netherlands; Department of Multi-Modality Medical Imaging, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Jurgen J Fütterer
- Minimally Invasive Image-Guided Intervention Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Maarten de Rooij
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Henkjan Huisman
- Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Tronheim, Norway
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21
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Pak JS, Huang R, Huang WC, Lepor H, Wysock JS, Taneja SS. Interaction of patient age and high-grade prostate cancer on targeted biopsies of MRI suspicious lesions. BJU Int 2024; 134:128-135. [PMID: 38533536 DOI: 10.1111/bju.16341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the interaction of patient age and Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score in determining the grade of prostate cancer (PCa) identified on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-targeted biopsy in older men. PATIENTS AND METHODS From a prospectively accrued Institutional Review Board-approved comparative study of MRI-targeted and systematic biopsy between June 2012 and December 2022, men with at least one PI-RADS ≥3 lesion on pre-biopsy MRI and no prior history of PCa were selected. Ordinal and binomial logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS A total of 2677 men met study criteria. The highest PI-RADS score was 3 in 1220 men (46%), 4 in 950 men (36%), and 5 in 507 men (19%). The median (interquartile range [IQR]) patient age was 66.7 (60.8-71.8) years, median (IQR) prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 6.1 (4.6-9.0) ng/mL, median (IQR) prostate volume was 48 (34-68) mL, and median (IQR) PSA density was 0.13 (0.08-0.20) ng/mL/mL. Clinically significant (cs)PCa and high-risk PCa were identified on targeted biopsy in 1264 (47%) and 321 (12%) men, respectively. Prevalence of csPCa and high-risk PCa were significantly higher in the older age groups. On multivariable analyses, patient age was significantly associated with csPCa but not high-risk PCa; PI-RADS score and the interaction of age and PI-RADS score were significantly associated with high-risk PCa but not csPCa. CONCLUSION In our cohort, the substantial rate of high-risk PCa on MRI-ultrasound fusion targeted biopsies in older men, and its significant association with MRI findings, supports the value of pre-biopsy MRI to localise disease that could cause cancer mortality even in older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie S Pak
- Department of Urology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Huang
- Department of Urology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - William C Huang
- Department of Urology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Herbert Lepor
- Department of Urology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - James S Wysock
- Department of Urology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samir S Taneja
- Department of Urology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Jager A, Oddens JR, Postema AW, Miclea RL, Schoots IG, Nooijen PGTA, van der Linden H, Barentsz JO, Heijmink SWTPJ, Wijkstra H, Mischi M, Turco S. Is There an Added Value of Quantitative DCE-MRI by Magnetic Resonance Dispersion Imaging for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis? Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2431. [PMID: 39001493 PMCID: PMC11240399 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In this multicenter, retrospective study, we evaluated the added value of magnetic resonance dispersion imaging (MRDI) to standard multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) for PCa detection. The study included 76 patients, including 51 with clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), who underwent radical prostatectomy and had an mpMRI including dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Two radiologists performed three separate randomized scorings based on mpMRI, MRDI and mpMRI+MRDI. Radical prostatectomy histopathology was used as the reference standard. Imaging and histopathology were both scored according to the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System V2.0 sector map. Sensitivity and specificity for PCa detection were evaluated for mpMRI, MRDI and mpMRI+MRDI. Inter- and intra-observer variability for both radiologists was evaluated using Cohen's Kappa. On a per-patient level, sensitivity for csPCa for radiologist 1 (R1) for mpMRI, MRDI and mpMRI+MRDI was 0.94, 0.82 and 0.94, respectively. For the second radiologist (R2), these were 0.78, 0.94 and 0.96. R1 detected 4% additional csPCa cases using MRDI compared to mpMRI, and R2 detected 20% extra csPCa cases using MRDI. Inter-observer agreement was significant only for MRDI (Cohen's Kappa = 0.4250, p = 0.004). The results of this study show the potential of MRDI to improve inter-observer variability and the detection of csPCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auke Jager
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jorg R Oddens
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud W Postema
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Urology, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Razvan L Miclea
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Imaging, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo G Schoots
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peet G T A Nooijen
- Department of Pathology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 5223 GZ 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Hans van der Linden
- Department of Pathology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 5223 GZ 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle O Barentsz
- Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegenfi, The Netherlands
| | - Stijn W T P J Heijmink
- Department of Radiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hessel Wijkstra
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Massimo Mischi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Simona Turco
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Coelho FMA, Baroni RH. Strategies for improving image quality in prostate MRI. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2024:10.1007/s00261-024-04396-4. [PMID: 38940911 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-024-04396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) stands as the cornerstone in diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa), offering superior detection capabilities while minimizing unnecessary biopsies. Despite its critical role, global disparities in MRI diagnostic performance persist, stemming from variations in image quality and radiologist expertise. This manuscript reviews the challenges and strategies for enhancing image quality in prostate MRI, spanning patient preparation, MRI unit optimization, and radiology team engagement. Quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) processes are pivotal, emphasizing standardized protocols, meticulous patient evaluation, MRI unit workflow, and radiology team performance. Additionally, artificial intelligence (AI) advancements offer promising avenues for improving image quality and reducing acquisition times. The Prostate-Imaging Quality (PI-QUAL) scoring system emerges as a valuable tool for assessing MRI image quality. A comprehensive approach addressing technical, procedural, and interpretative aspects is essential to ensure consistent and reliable prostate MRI outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronaldo Hueb Baroni
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, 627 Albert Einstein Ave., Sao Paulo, SP, 05652-900, Brazil.
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Akpinar C, Oz DK, Oktar A, Suer E, Ozden E, Haliloglu N, Gulpinar O, Gokce MI, Gogus C, Baltaci S. Risk-Adapted Strategy Combining Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Prostate-Specific Antigen Density to Individualize Biopsy Decision in Patients With PI-RADS 3 ``Gray Zone'' Lesions. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2024; 22:102071. [PMID: 38555682 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2024.102071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent guidelines suggest that biopsy may be omitted in some groups of patients with PI-RADS 3 lesions on mpMRI. In this study, we aimed to evaluate biopsy strategies involving prostate-specific antigen density (PSAd) to avoid unnecessary biopsy versus the risk of missing clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in patients with PI-RADS 3 lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data of 616 consecutive patients who underwent PSAd and mpMRI before prostate biopsy between January 2017 and January 2022 at a single center were retrospectively assessed. All of these patients underwent combined cognitive or fusion targeted biopsy of suspicious lesions and transrectal ultrasonography guided systematic biopsy. PI-RADS 3 based strategies with PSAd and mpMRI combination were created. For each strategy, avoided unnecessary biopsy, reduced ISUP Grade 1, and missed ISUP Grade ≥ 2 ratios were determined. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to statistically compare the net benefit of each strategy. RESULTS DCA revealed that patients who had PI-RADS 3 lesions with PSAd ≥ 0.2, and/or patients who had PI-RADS 4 and 5 lesions had the most benefit, under the threshold probability level between 10% and 50%, which avoided 48.2% unnecessary prostate biopsies and reduced 51% of ISUP grade 1 cases, while missed 17.5% of ISUP grade ≥ 2 cases. (22.1% for ISUP grade 2 and 8.8% for ISUP grade ≥ 3). Strategy 1 (PI-RADS 4-5 and/or PSAd ≥ 0.2), 3 (PI-RADS 4-5 and/or PI-RADS 3 if PSAd ≥ 0.15), and 7 (PI-RADS 4-5 and/or PI-RADS 3 if PSAd ≥ 0.15 and/or PI-RADS 2 if PSAd ≥ 0.2) were the next three best strategies. CONCLUSION mpMRI combined with PSAd strategies reduced biopsy attempts in PI-RADS 3 lesions. Using these strategies, the advantage of avoiding biopsy and the risk of missing the diagnosis of csPCa can be discussed with the patient, and the biopsy decision can be made afterwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagri Akpinar
- Department of Urology, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Digdem Kuru Oz
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alkan Oktar
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Evren Suer
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eriz Ozden
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuray Haliloglu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Omer Gulpinar
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ilker Gokce
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cagatay Gogus
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sumer Baltaci
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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De Vrieze M, Hübner A, Al-Monajjed R, Albers P, Radtke JP, Schimmöller L, Boschheidgen M. [Prostate cancer screening-current overview]. RADIOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 64:479-487. [PMID: 38743100 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-024-01312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The harm-to-benefit ratio of prostate cancer (PCa) screening remains controversial mainly due to the unfavorable test characteristics of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a screening test. METHODS In this nonsystematic review, we present a current overview of the body of evidence on prostate cancer screening with a focus on the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate. RESULTS Evidence generated in large randomized controlled trials showed that PSA-based screening significantly decreases cancer-specific mortality. The main obstacle in developing and implementing PCa screening strategies is the resulting overdiagnosis and as a consequence overtreatment of indolent cancers. Opportunistic screening is characterized by an adverse benefit-to-harm ratio and should, therefore, not be recommended. The German Statutory Early Detection Program for prostate cancer, which consists of a digital rectal examination (DRE) as a stand-alone screening test, is not evidence-based, neither specific nor sensitive enough and results in unnecessary diagnostics. The European Commission recently urged member states to develop population-based and organized risk-adapted PSA-based screening programs, which are currently tested in the ongoing German PROBASE trial. Finetuning of the diagnostic pathway following PSA-testing seems key to improve its positive and negative predictive value and thereby making PCa screening more accurate. Incorporation of prostatic MRI into screening strategies leads to more accurate diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer, while diagnosis of indolent cancers is reduced. In the future, molecular liquid-based biomarkers have the potential to complement or even replace PSA in PCa screening and further personalize screening strategies. Active surveillance as an alternative to immediate radical therapy of demographically increasing PCa diagnoses can potentially further improve the benefit-to-harm ratio of organized screening. CONCLUSION Early detection of PCa should be organized on a population level into personalized and evidence-based screening strategies. Multiparametric MRI of the prostate may play a key role in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime De Vrieze
- Division of Personalized Early Detection of Prostate Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Anne Hübner
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Rouvier Al-Monajjed
- Division of Personalized Early Detection of Prostate Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Deutschland.
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
| | - Peter Albers
- Division of Personalized Early Detection of Prostate Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Deutschland
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Jan Philipp Radtke
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Lars Schimmöller
- University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Department of Diagnostic, Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Deutschland
| | - Matthias Boschheidgen
- University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
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Feng T, Liang Z, Xiao Y, Pan B, Zhou Y, Ma C, Zhou Z, Yan W, Zhu M. Can a nomogram predict apical prostate cancer pathology upgrade from fusion biopsy to final pathology? A multicenter study. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7341. [PMID: 38845479 PMCID: PMC11157165 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluates the efficacy of a nomogram for predicting the pathology upgrade of apical prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS A total of 754 eligible patients were diagnosed with apical PCa through combined systematic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-targeted prostate biopsy followed by radical prostatectomy (RP) were retrospectively identified from two hospitals (training: 754, internal validation: 182, internal-external validation: 148). A nomogram for the identification of apical tumors in high-risk pathology upgrades through comparing the results of biopsy and RP was established incorporating statistically significant risk factors based on univariable and multivariable logistic regression. The nomogram's performance was assessed via the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS Univariable and multivariable analysis identified age, targeted biopsy, number of targeted cores, TNM stage, and the prostate imaging-reporting and data system score as significant predictors of apical tumor pathological progression. Our nomogram, based on these variables, demonstrated ROC curves for pathology upgrade with values of 0.883 (95% CI, 0.847-0.929), 0.865 (95% CI, 0.790-0.945), and 0.840 (95% CI, 0.742-0.904) for the training, internal validation and internal-external validation cohorts respectively. Calibration curves showed good consistency between the predicted and actual outcomes. The validation groups also showed great generalizability with the calibration curves. DCA results also demonstrated excellent performance for our nomogram with positive benefit across a threshold probability range of 0-0.9 for the training and internal validation group, and 0-0.6 for the internal-external validation group. CONCLUSION The nomogram, integrating clinical, radiological, and pathological data, effectively predicts the risk of pathology upgrade in apical PCa tumors. It holds significant potential to guide clinicians in optimizing the surgical management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianrui Feng
- Department of UrologyPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of UrologyPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of PathologyPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Boju Pan
- Department of PathologyPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of UrologyPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chengquan Ma
- Department of UrologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Zhien Zhou
- Department of UrologyPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Weigang Yan
- Department of UrologyPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ming Zhu
- Department of UrologyPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
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in de Braekt T, van Rooij SBT, Daniels-Gooszen AW, Scheepens WA, de Jongh R, Bosch SL, Nederend J. Accuracy of MRI-ultrasound fusion-guided and systematic biopsy of the prostate. Br J Radiol 2024; 97:1132-1138. [PMID: 38627253 PMCID: PMC11135791 DOI: 10.1093/bjr/tqae080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prostate multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) with subsequent targeted biopsy of suspicious lesions has a critical role in the diagnostic workup of prostate cancer. The objective was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of systematic biopsies, targeted biopsies, and the combination of both in prostate cancer detection. METHODS From January 1, 2013 to June 1, 2022, biopsy-naïve and prior biopsy-negative patients who underwent both systematic and targeted biopsies were included. MRIs were evaluated according to PI-RADS with biopsy threshold set at PI-RADS ≥3. Systematic biopsies consisted of 8-12 cores, based on prostate volume. Overall prostate cancer and clinically significant cancer (Gleason Score ≥3 + 4) detection rates were stratified based on PI-RADS and location within the prostate, and compared between biopsy types using McNemar test. RESULTS Among 867 patients, 615 had prostate cancer, with 434 clinically significant cases. Overall detection rates were: PI-RADS 3 48%, PI-RADS 4 72%, and PI-RADS 5 90%. Detection rates for clinically significant cancer were 21%, 53%, and 72%, respectively. The combination of biopsy methods was most accurate in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer (P < .001). Targeted biopsies alone detected more clinically significant prostate cancer than systematic biopsies alone (43.1% vs 40.3%, P = .046). For posterior PI-RADS 5 lesions, no statistically significant difference was found between all biopsy methods. CONCLUSIONS In the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer, the combination of systematic and targeted biopsies proves most effective. Targeted biopsies rarely missed significant cancer for posterior PI-RADS 5 lesions, suggesting systematic biopsies could be reserved for instances where targeted biopsy results are negative. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE This study emphasizes on the efficacy of mpMRI and targeted biopsies in suspected prostate cancer in real-world clinical context. For PI-RADS 5 lesions, systematic biopsies provide limited clinical benefit and may only be necessary when targeted biopsy results are negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas in de Braekt
- Department of Radiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, 5623 EJ, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Wout A Scheepens
- Department of Urology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, 5623 EJ, The Netherlands
| | - Rik de Jongh
- Department of Urology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, 5623 EJ, The Netherlands
| | - Steven L Bosch
- Department of Pathology, Eurofins-PAMM, Eindhoven, 5623 EJ, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Nederend
- Department of Radiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, 5623 EJ, The Netherlands
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Lin S, Jiang W, Ding J, Hao S, Chen H, Xie L, Zheng X. Risk factor analysis and optimal cutoff value selection of PSAD for diagnosing clinically significant prostate cancer in patients with negative mpMRI: results from a high-volume center in Southeast China. World J Surg Oncol 2024; 22:140. [PMID: 38802859 PMCID: PMC11131245 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-024-03420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is a diagnostic tool used for screening, localizing, and staging prostate cancer. Patients with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score of 1 and 2 are considered negative mpMRI, with a lower likelihood of detecting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). However, relying solely on mpMRI is insufficient to completely exclude csPCa, necessitating further stratification of csPCa patients using biomarkers. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on mpMRI-negative patients who underwent prostate biopsy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University from January 2022 to June 2023. A total of 607 patients were included based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify risk factors for diagnosing csPCa in patients with negative mpMRI. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to compare the discriminatory ability of different Prostate-Specific Antigen Density (PSAD) cutoff values for csPCa. RESULTS Among the 607 patients with negative mpMRI, 73 patients were diagnosed with csPCa. In univariate logistic regression analysis, age, PSA, f/tPSA, prostate volume, and PSAD were all associated with diagnosing csPCa in patients with negative mpMRI (P < 0.05), with PSAD being the most accurate predictor. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, f/tPSA, age, and PSAD were independent predictors of csPCa (P < 0.05). PSAD cutoff value of 0.20 ng/ml/ml has better discriminatory ability for predicting csPCa and is a significant risk factor for csPCa in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Age, f/tPSA, and PSAD are independent predictors of diagnosing csPCa in patients with negative mpMRI. It is suggested that patients with negative mpMRI and PSAD less than 0.20 ng/ml/ml could avoid prostate biopsy, as a PSAD cutoff value of 0.20 ng/ml/ml has better diagnostic performance than the traditional cutoff value of 0.15 ng/ml/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Lin
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Wubin Jiang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiafeng Ding
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
- Department of Urology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, No. 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, China
| | - Sida Hao
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
| | - Xiangyi Zheng
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
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29
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de Rooij M, Allen C, Twilt JJ, Thijssen LCP, Asbach P, Barrett T, Brembilla G, Emberton M, Gupta RT, Haider MA, Kasivisvanathan V, Løgager V, Moore CM, Padhani AR, Panebianco V, Puech P, Purysko AS, Renard-Penna R, Richenberg J, Salomon G, Sanguedolce F, Schoots IG, Thöny HC, Turkbey B, Villeirs G, Walz J, Barentsz J, Giganti F. PI-QUAL version 2: an update of a standardised scoring system for the assessment of image quality of prostate MRI. Eur Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00330-024-10795-4. [PMID: 38787428 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-024-10795-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Multiparametric MRI is the optimal primary investigation when prostate cancer is suspected, and its ability to rule in and rule out clinically significant disease relies on high-quality anatomical and functional images. Avenues for achieving consistent high-quality acquisitions include meticulous patient preparation, scanner setup, optimised pulse sequences, personnel training, and artificial intelligence systems. The impact of these interventions on the final images needs to be quantified. The prostate imaging quality (PI-QUAL) scoring system was the first standardised quantification method that demonstrated the potential for clinical benefit by relating image quality to cancer detection ability by MRI. We present the updated version of PI-QUAL (PI-QUAL v2) which applies to prostate MRI performed with or without intravenous contrast medium using a simplified 3-point scale focused on critical technical and qualitative image parameters. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: High image quality is crucial for prostate MRI, and the updated version of the PI-QUAL score (PI-QUAL v2) aims to address the limitations of version 1. It is now applicable to both multiparametric MRI and MRI without intravenous contrast medium. KEY POINTS: High-quality images are essential for prostate cancer diagnosis and management using MRI. PI-QUAL v2 simplifies image assessment and expands its applicability to prostate MRI without contrast medium. PI-QUAL v2 focuses on critical technical and qualitative image parameters and emphasises T2-WI and DWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten de Rooij
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Clare Allen
- Department of Radiology, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jasper J Twilt
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Linda C P Thijssen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Asbach
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tristan Barrett
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giorgio Brembilla
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Mark Emberton
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rajan T Gupta
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Masoom A Haider
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Sinai Health System, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Veeru Kasivisvanathan
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Vibeke Løgager
- Department of Radiology, Herlev Gentofte University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Caroline M Moore
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anwar R Padhani
- Paul Strickland Scanner Centre, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, Middlesex, UK
| | - Valeria Panebianco
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University/Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Philippe Puech
- Department of Radiology, CHU Lille, University Lille, Lille, France
| | - Andrei S Purysko
- Abdominal Imaging Section and Nuclear Radiology Department, Diagnostic Institute, and Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Richenberg
- Department of Imaging, Sussex universities Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - Georg Salomon
- Martini Clinic (Prostate Cancer Centre), University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Francesco Sanguedolce
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivo G Schoots
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harriet C Thöny
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Fribourg Cantonal Hospital, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Baris Turkbey
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Geert Villeirs
- Department of Medical Imaging, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jochen Walz
- Department of Urology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes Cancer Centre, Marseille, France
| | | | - Francesco Giganti
- Department of Radiology, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.
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30
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Du X, Hao S, Olsson H, Kartasalo K, Mulliqi N, Rai B, Menges D, Heintz E, Egevad L, Eklund M, Clements M. Effectiveness and Cost-effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence-assisted Pathology for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis in Sweden: A Microsimulation Study. Eur Urol Oncol 2024:S2588-9311(24)00133-0. [PMID: 38789385 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Image-based artificial intelligence (AI) methods have shown high accuracy in prostate cancer (PCa) detection. Their impact on patient outcomes and cost effectiveness in comparison to human pathologists remains unknown. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of AI-assisted pathology for PCa diagnosis in Sweden. METHODS We modeled quadrennial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening for men between the ages of 50 and 74 yr over a lifetime horizon using a health care perspective. Men with PSA ≥3 ng/ml were referred for standard biopsy (SBx), for which cores were either examined via AI followed by a pathologist for AI-labeled positive cores, or a pathologist alone. The AI performance characteristics were estimated using an internal STHLM3 validation data set. Outcome measures included the number of tests, PCa incidence and mortality, overdiagnosis, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and the potential reduction in pathologist-evaluated biopsy cores if AI were used. Cost-effectiveness was assessed using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. KEY FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS In comparison to a pathologist alone, the AI-assisted workflow increased the number of PSA tests, SBx procedures, and PCa deaths by ≤0.03%, and slightly reduced PCa incidence and overdiagnosis. AI would reduce the proportion of biopsy cores evaluated by a pathologist by 80%. At a cost of €10 per case, the AI-assisted workflow would cost less and result in <0.001% lower QALYs in comparison to a pathologist alone. The results were sensitive to the AI cost. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS According to our model, AI-assisted pathology would significantly decrease the workload of pathologists, would not affect patient quality of life, and would yield cost savings in Sweden when compared to a human pathologist alone. PATIENT SUMMARY We compared outcomes for prostate cancer patients and relevant costs for two methods of assessing prostate biopsies in Sweden: (1) artificial intelligence (AI) technology and review of positive biopsies by a human pathologist; and (2) a human pathologist alone for all biopsies. We found that addition of AI would reduce the pathology workload and save money, and would not affect patient outcomes when compared to a human pathologist alone. The results suggest that adding AI to prostate pathology in Sweden would save costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Du
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Shuang Hao
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Olsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kimmo Kartasalo
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nita Mulliqi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Balram Rai
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dominik Menges
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emelie Heintz
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Health Economics, Informatics and Health Services Research, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Egevad
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Eklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark Clements
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Miszewski K, Skrobisz K, Miszewska L, Matuszewski M. Interpreting Prostate MRI Reports in the Era of Increasing Prostate MRI Utilization: A Urologist's Perspective. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1060. [PMID: 38786358 PMCID: PMC11120165 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14101060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Multi-parametric prostate MRI (mpMRI) is crucial for diagnosing, staging, and assessing treatment response in individuals with prostate cancer. Radiologists, through an accurate and standardized interpretation of mpMRI, stratify patients who may benefit from more invasive treatment or exclude patients who may be harmed by overtreatment. The integration of prostate MRI into the diagnostic pathway is anticipated to generate a substantial surge in the demand for high-quality mpMRI, estimated at approximately two million additional prostate MRI scans annually in Europe. In this review we examine the immediate impact on healthcare, particularly focusing on the workload and evolving roles of radiologists and urologists tasked with the interpretation of these reports and consequential decisions regarding prostate biopsies. We investigate important questions that influence how prostate MRI reports are handled. The discussion aims to provide insights into the collaboration needed for effective reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Miszewski
- Department of Urology, Gdańsk Medical University, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17 Street, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Skrobisz
- Department of Radiology, Gdańsk Medical University, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17 Street, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Laura Miszewska
- Student Scientific Association, Gdańsk Medical University, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17 Street, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marcin Matuszewski
- Department of Urology, Gdańsk Medical University, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17 Street, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
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Sun Z, Liu Y, Yu W, Wang H, Shen Q, Zhang C. Diagnostic performance of regional systematic biopsy for prostate cancer stratified by PI-RADS and histologic zones. Insights Imaging 2024; 15:118. [PMID: 38755502 PMCID: PMC11098978 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-024-01680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the diagnostic performance of targeted biopsy (TB) combined with regional systematic biopsy (RSB) in patients with different Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) and histologic zones for prostate lesions. METHODS This retrospective study included 1301 patients who underwent multiparametric MRI followed by combined MRI/US fusion-guided TB+systematic biopsy (SB) between January 2019 and October 2022. RSB was defined as the four perilesional SB cores adjacent to an MRI-positive lesion. Cancer detection rates were calculated for TB + SB, TB, SB, and TB + RSB, while the McNemar test was utilized for multiple comparisons among them. Subgroup analyses were performed based on different Pl-RADS and histologic zones. RESULTS Of 1301 included participants (median age, 68 years; interquartile range, 63-74 years), 16,104 total biopsy cores were performed. TB + RSB detected clinically significant prostate cancer in 70.9% (922/1301) of patients, which was significantly higher than TB (67.4%, p < 0.001) or SB (67.5%, p < 0.001) but similar to TB + SB (71.0%, p = 0.50). Compared with TB + SB, TB + RSB required fewer median biopsy cores (6.3 vs. 12.4, p < 0.001) and had a higher proportion of positive cores (56.3% vs. 39.0%, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that TB had outstanding sensitivity for detecting PI-RADS 5 lesions in the PZ. CONCLUSIONS Compared with TB + SB, TB + RSB achieved a similar clinically significant prostate cancer detection rate while requiring fewer biopsy cores and exhibiting higher diagnostic efficiency. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT For MRI-positive prostate lesions, targeted biopsy combined with regional systematic biopsy could serve as an alternative diagnostic approach to targeted biopsy combined with systematic biopsy. KEY POINTS The scheme of prostate biopsy needs to be optimized. Regional systematic biopsy decreases the total number of cores taken. Targeted biopsies combined with regional systematic biopsies improve prostate diagnostic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoujie Sun
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku St. Xicheng District, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, No.8 Xishiku St. Xicheng District, Beijing, China
- The National Urological Cancer Center of China, No.8 Xishiku St. Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku St. Xicheng District, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, No.8 Xishiku St. Xicheng District, Beijing, China
- The National Urological Cancer Center of China, No.8 Xishiku St. Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku St. Xicheng District, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, No.8 Xishiku St. Xicheng District, Beijing, China
- The National Urological Cancer Center of China, No.8 Xishiku St. Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Qi Shen
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku St. Xicheng District, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, No.8 Xishiku St. Xicheng District, Beijing, China
- The National Urological Cancer Center of China, No.8 Xishiku St. Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Cuijian Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku St. Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, No.8 Xishiku St. Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
- The National Urological Cancer Center of China, No.8 Xishiku St. Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
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Jahnen M, Hausler T, Meissner VH, Ankerst DP, Kattan MW, Sauter A, Gschwend JE, Herkommer K. Predicting clinically significant prostate cancer following suspicious mpMRI: analyses from a high-volume center. World J Urol 2024; 42:290. [PMID: 38702557 PMCID: PMC11068682 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-024-04991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE mpMRI is routinely used to stratify the risk of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in men with elevated PSA values before biopsy. This study aimed to calculate a multivariable risk model incorporating standard risk factors and mpMRI findings for predicting csPCa on subsequent prostate biopsy. METHODS Data from 677 patients undergoing mpMRI ultrasound fusion biopsy of the prostate at the TUM University Hospital tertiary urological center between 2019 and 2023 were analyzed. Patient age at biopsy (67 (median); 33-88 (range) (years)), PSA (7.2; 0.3-439 (ng/ml)), prostate volume (45; 10-300 (ml)), PSA density (0.15; 0.01-8.4), PI-RADS (V.2.0 protocol) score of index lesion (92.2% ≥3), prior negative biopsy (12.9%), suspicious digital rectal examination (31.2%), biopsy cores taken (12; 2-22), and pathological biopsy outcome were analyzed with multivariable logistic regression for independent associations with the detection of csPCa defined as ISUP ≥ 3 (n = 212 (35.2%)) and ISUP ≥ 2 (n = 459 (67.8%) performed on 603 patients with complete information. RESULTS Older age (OR: 1.64 for a 10-year increase; p < 0.001), higher PSA density (OR: 1.60 for a doubling; p < 0.001), higher PI-RADS score of the index lesion (OR: 2.35 for an increase of 1; p < 0.001), and a prior negative biopsy (OR: 0.43; p = 0.01) were associated with csPCa. CONCLUSION mpMRI findings are the dominant predictor for csPCa on follow-up prostate biopsy. However, PSA density, age, and prior negative biopsy history are independent predictors. They must be considered when discussing the individual risk for csPCa following suspicious mpMRI and may help facilitate the further diagnostical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Jahnen
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM) Rechts der Isar University Hospital, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Tanja Hausler
- Department of Mathematics, School of Computation, Information, and Technology, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Valentin H Meissner
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM) Rechts der Isar University Hospital, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Donna P Ankerst
- Department of Mathematics, School of Computation, Information, and Technology, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Michael W Kattan
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Andreas Sauter
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM) Rechts der Isar University Hospital, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Juergen E Gschwend
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM) Rechts der Isar University Hospital, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathleen Herkommer
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM) Rechts der Isar University Hospital, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
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Privé BM, Israël B, Janssen MJR, van der Leest MMG, de Rooij M, van Ipenburg JA, Jonker M, Peters SMB, de Groot M, Zámecnik P, Hoepping A, Bomers JG, Gotthardt M, Sedelaar JPM, Barentsz JO, van Oort IM, Nagarajah J. Multiparametric MRI and 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT for the Detection of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer. Radiology 2024; 311:e231879. [PMID: 38771185 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.231879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Background Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) is effective for detecting prostate cancer (PCa); however, there is a high rate of equivocal Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) 3 lesions and false-positive findings. Purpose To investigate whether fluorine 18 (18F) prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) 1007 PET/CT after mpMRI can help detect localized clinically significant PCa (csPCa), particularly for equivocal PI-RADS 3 lesions. Materials and Methods This prospective study included participants with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels referred for prostate mpMRI between September 2020 and February 2022. 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT was performed within 30 days of mpMRI and before biopsy. PI-RADS category and level of suspicion (LOS) were assessed. PI-RADS 3 or higher lesions at mpMRI and/or LOS 3 or higher lesions at 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT underwent targeted biopsies. PI-RADS 2 or lower and LOS 2 or lower lesions were considered nonsuspicious and were monitored during a 1-year follow-up by means of PSA testing. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed, with histologic examination serving as the reference standard. International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade 2 or higher was considered csPCa. Results Seventy-five participants (median age, 67 years [range, 52-77 years]) were assessed, with PI-RADS 1 or 2, PI-RADS 3, and PI-RADS 4 or 5 groups each including 25 participants. A total of 102 lesions were identified, of which 80 were PI-RADS 3 or higher and/or LOS 3 or higher and therefore underwent targeted biopsy. The per-participant sensitivity for the detection of csPCa was 95% and 91% for mpMRI and 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT, respectively, with respective specificities of 45% and 62%. 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT was used to correctly differentiate 17 of 26 PI-RADS 3 lesions (65%), with a negative and positive predictive value of 93% and 27%, respectively, for ruling out or detecting csPCa. One additional significant and one insignificant PCa lesion (PI-RADS 1 or 2) were found at 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT that otherwise would have remained undetected. Two participants had ISUP 2 tumors without PSMA uptake that were missed at PET/CT. Conclusion 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT showed good sensitivity and moderate specificity for the detection of csPCa and ruled this out in 93% of participants with PI-RADS 3 lesions. Clinical trial registration no. NCT04487847 © RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Turkbey in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan M Privé
- From the Department of Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine (B.M.P., B.I., M.J.R.J., M.M.G.v.d.L., M.d.R., S.M.B.P., M.d.G., P.Z., J.G.B., M.G., J.O.B., J.N.), Department of Urology (B.I., J.P.M.S., I.M.v.O.), and Department of Radiation Oncology (B.I.), Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.M.P.); Department of Pathology (J.A.v.I.) and Department of Health Evidence, Biostatistics Section (M.J.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ABX Advanced Biochemical Compounds, Radeberg, Germany (A.H.)
| | - Bas Israël
- From the Department of Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine (B.M.P., B.I., M.J.R.J., M.M.G.v.d.L., M.d.R., S.M.B.P., M.d.G., P.Z., J.G.B., M.G., J.O.B., J.N.), Department of Urology (B.I., J.P.M.S., I.M.v.O.), and Department of Radiation Oncology (B.I.), Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.M.P.); Department of Pathology (J.A.v.I.) and Department of Health Evidence, Biostatistics Section (M.J.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ABX Advanced Biochemical Compounds, Radeberg, Germany (A.H.)
| | - Marcel J R Janssen
- From the Department of Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine (B.M.P., B.I., M.J.R.J., M.M.G.v.d.L., M.d.R., S.M.B.P., M.d.G., P.Z., J.G.B., M.G., J.O.B., J.N.), Department of Urology (B.I., J.P.M.S., I.M.v.O.), and Department of Radiation Oncology (B.I.), Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.M.P.); Department of Pathology (J.A.v.I.) and Department of Health Evidence, Biostatistics Section (M.J.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ABX Advanced Biochemical Compounds, Radeberg, Germany (A.H.)
| | - Marloes M G van der Leest
- From the Department of Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine (B.M.P., B.I., M.J.R.J., M.M.G.v.d.L., M.d.R., S.M.B.P., M.d.G., P.Z., J.G.B., M.G., J.O.B., J.N.), Department of Urology (B.I., J.P.M.S., I.M.v.O.), and Department of Radiation Oncology (B.I.), Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.M.P.); Department of Pathology (J.A.v.I.) and Department of Health Evidence, Biostatistics Section (M.J.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ABX Advanced Biochemical Compounds, Radeberg, Germany (A.H.)
| | - Maarten de Rooij
- From the Department of Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine (B.M.P., B.I., M.J.R.J., M.M.G.v.d.L., M.d.R., S.M.B.P., M.d.G., P.Z., J.G.B., M.G., J.O.B., J.N.), Department of Urology (B.I., J.P.M.S., I.M.v.O.), and Department of Radiation Oncology (B.I.), Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.M.P.); Department of Pathology (J.A.v.I.) and Department of Health Evidence, Biostatistics Section (M.J.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ABX Advanced Biochemical Compounds, Radeberg, Germany (A.H.)
| | - Jolique A van Ipenburg
- From the Department of Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine (B.M.P., B.I., M.J.R.J., M.M.G.v.d.L., M.d.R., S.M.B.P., M.d.G., P.Z., J.G.B., M.G., J.O.B., J.N.), Department of Urology (B.I., J.P.M.S., I.M.v.O.), and Department of Radiation Oncology (B.I.), Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.M.P.); Department of Pathology (J.A.v.I.) and Department of Health Evidence, Biostatistics Section (M.J.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ABX Advanced Biochemical Compounds, Radeberg, Germany (A.H.)
| | - Marianne Jonker
- From the Department of Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine (B.M.P., B.I., M.J.R.J., M.M.G.v.d.L., M.d.R., S.M.B.P., M.d.G., P.Z., J.G.B., M.G., J.O.B., J.N.), Department of Urology (B.I., J.P.M.S., I.M.v.O.), and Department of Radiation Oncology (B.I.), Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.M.P.); Department of Pathology (J.A.v.I.) and Department of Health Evidence, Biostatistics Section (M.J.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ABX Advanced Biochemical Compounds, Radeberg, Germany (A.H.)
| | - Steffie M B Peters
- From the Department of Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine (B.M.P., B.I., M.J.R.J., M.M.G.v.d.L., M.d.R., S.M.B.P., M.d.G., P.Z., J.G.B., M.G., J.O.B., J.N.), Department of Urology (B.I., J.P.M.S., I.M.v.O.), and Department of Radiation Oncology (B.I.), Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.M.P.); Department of Pathology (J.A.v.I.) and Department of Health Evidence, Biostatistics Section (M.J.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ABX Advanced Biochemical Compounds, Radeberg, Germany (A.H.)
| | - Michel de Groot
- From the Department of Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine (B.M.P., B.I., M.J.R.J., M.M.G.v.d.L., M.d.R., S.M.B.P., M.d.G., P.Z., J.G.B., M.G., J.O.B., J.N.), Department of Urology (B.I., J.P.M.S., I.M.v.O.), and Department of Radiation Oncology (B.I.), Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.M.P.); Department of Pathology (J.A.v.I.) and Department of Health Evidence, Biostatistics Section (M.J.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ABX Advanced Biochemical Compounds, Radeberg, Germany (A.H.)
| | - Patrik Zámecnik
- From the Department of Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine (B.M.P., B.I., M.J.R.J., M.M.G.v.d.L., M.d.R., S.M.B.P., M.d.G., P.Z., J.G.B., M.G., J.O.B., J.N.), Department of Urology (B.I., J.P.M.S., I.M.v.O.), and Department of Radiation Oncology (B.I.), Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.M.P.); Department of Pathology (J.A.v.I.) and Department of Health Evidence, Biostatistics Section (M.J.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ABX Advanced Biochemical Compounds, Radeberg, Germany (A.H.)
| | - Alexander Hoepping
- From the Department of Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine (B.M.P., B.I., M.J.R.J., M.M.G.v.d.L., M.d.R., S.M.B.P., M.d.G., P.Z., J.G.B., M.G., J.O.B., J.N.), Department of Urology (B.I., J.P.M.S., I.M.v.O.), and Department of Radiation Oncology (B.I.), Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.M.P.); Department of Pathology (J.A.v.I.) and Department of Health Evidence, Biostatistics Section (M.J.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ABX Advanced Biochemical Compounds, Radeberg, Germany (A.H.)
| | - Joyce G Bomers
- From the Department of Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine (B.M.P., B.I., M.J.R.J., M.M.G.v.d.L., M.d.R., S.M.B.P., M.d.G., P.Z., J.G.B., M.G., J.O.B., J.N.), Department of Urology (B.I., J.P.M.S., I.M.v.O.), and Department of Radiation Oncology (B.I.), Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.M.P.); Department of Pathology (J.A.v.I.) and Department of Health Evidence, Biostatistics Section (M.J.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ABX Advanced Biochemical Compounds, Radeberg, Germany (A.H.)
| | - Martin Gotthardt
- From the Department of Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine (B.M.P., B.I., M.J.R.J., M.M.G.v.d.L., M.d.R., S.M.B.P., M.d.G., P.Z., J.G.B., M.G., J.O.B., J.N.), Department of Urology (B.I., J.P.M.S., I.M.v.O.), and Department of Radiation Oncology (B.I.), Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.M.P.); Department of Pathology (J.A.v.I.) and Department of Health Evidence, Biostatistics Section (M.J.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ABX Advanced Biochemical Compounds, Radeberg, Germany (A.H.)
| | - J P Michiel Sedelaar
- From the Department of Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine (B.M.P., B.I., M.J.R.J., M.M.G.v.d.L., M.d.R., S.M.B.P., M.d.G., P.Z., J.G.B., M.G., J.O.B., J.N.), Department of Urology (B.I., J.P.M.S., I.M.v.O.), and Department of Radiation Oncology (B.I.), Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.M.P.); Department of Pathology (J.A.v.I.) and Department of Health Evidence, Biostatistics Section (M.J.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ABX Advanced Biochemical Compounds, Radeberg, Germany (A.H.)
| | - Jelle O Barentsz
- From the Department of Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine (B.M.P., B.I., M.J.R.J., M.M.G.v.d.L., M.d.R., S.M.B.P., M.d.G., P.Z., J.G.B., M.G., J.O.B., J.N.), Department of Urology (B.I., J.P.M.S., I.M.v.O.), and Department of Radiation Oncology (B.I.), Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.M.P.); Department of Pathology (J.A.v.I.) and Department of Health Evidence, Biostatistics Section (M.J.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ABX Advanced Biochemical Compounds, Radeberg, Germany (A.H.)
| | - Inge M van Oort
- From the Department of Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine (B.M.P., B.I., M.J.R.J., M.M.G.v.d.L., M.d.R., S.M.B.P., M.d.G., P.Z., J.G.B., M.G., J.O.B., J.N.), Department of Urology (B.I., J.P.M.S., I.M.v.O.), and Department of Radiation Oncology (B.I.), Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.M.P.); Department of Pathology (J.A.v.I.) and Department of Health Evidence, Biostatistics Section (M.J.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ABX Advanced Biochemical Compounds, Radeberg, Germany (A.H.)
| | - James Nagarajah
- From the Department of Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine (B.M.P., B.I., M.J.R.J., M.M.G.v.d.L., M.d.R., S.M.B.P., M.d.G., P.Z., J.G.B., M.G., J.O.B., J.N.), Department of Urology (B.I., J.P.M.S., I.M.v.O.), and Department of Radiation Oncology (B.I.), Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (B.M.P.); Department of Pathology (J.A.v.I.) and Department of Health Evidence, Biostatistics Section (M.J.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ABX Advanced Biochemical Compounds, Radeberg, Germany (A.H.)
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Lin Y, Yilmaz EC, Belue MJ, Harmon SA, Tetreault J, Phelps TE, Merriman KM, Hazen L, Garcia C, Yang D, Xu Z, Lay NS, Toubaji A, Merino MJ, Xu D, Law YM, Gurram S, Wood BJ, Choyke PL, Pinto PA, Turkbey B, Atzen S. Evaluation of a Cascaded Deep Learning-based Algorithm for Prostate Lesion Detection at Biparametric MRI. Radiology 2024; 311:e230750. [PMID: 38713024 PMCID: PMC11140533 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.230750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Background Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) improves prostate cancer (PCa) detection compared with systematic biopsy, but its interpretation is prone to interreader variation, which results in performance inconsistency. Artificial intelligence (AI) models can assist in mpMRI interpretation, but large training data sets and extensive model testing are required. Purpose To evaluate a biparametric MRI AI algorithm for intraprostatic lesion detection and segmentation and to compare its performance with radiologist readings and biopsy results. Materials and Methods This secondary analysis of a prospective registry included consecutive patients with suspected or known PCa who underwent mpMRI, US-guided systematic biopsy, or combined systematic and MRI/US fusion-guided biopsy between April 2019 and September 2022. All lesions were prospectively evaluated using Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1. The lesion- and participant-level performance of a previously developed cascaded deep learning algorithm was compared with histopathologic outcomes and radiologist readings using sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), and Dice similarity coefficient (DSC). Results A total of 658 male participants (median age, 67 years [IQR, 61-71 years]) with 1029 MRI-visible lesions were included. At histopathologic analysis, 45% (294 of 658) of participants had lesions of International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade group (GG) 2 or higher. The algorithm identified 96% (282 of 294; 95% CI: 94%, 98%) of all participants with clinically significant PCa, whereas the radiologist identified 98% (287 of 294; 95% CI: 96%, 99%; P = .23). The algorithm identified 84% (103 of 122), 96% (152 of 159), 96% (47 of 49), 95% (38 of 40), and 98% (45 of 46) of participants with ISUP GG 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 lesions, respectively. In the lesion-level analysis using radiologist ground truth, the detection sensitivity was 55% (569 of 1029; 95% CI: 52%, 58%), and the PPV was 57% (535 of 934; 95% CI: 54%, 61%). The mean number of false-positive lesions per participant was 0.61 (range, 0-3). The lesion segmentation DSC was 0.29. Conclusion The AI algorithm detected cancer-suspicious lesions on biparametric MRI scans with a performance comparable to that of an experienced radiologist. Moreover, the algorithm reliably predicted clinically significant lesions at histopathologic examination. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03354416 © RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lin
- From the Molecular Imaging Branch (Y.L., E.C.Y., M.J.B., S.A.H.,
T.E.P., K.M.M., N.S.L., P.L.C., B.T.), Center for Interventional Oncology (L.H.,
C.G., B.J.W.), Laboratory of Pathology (A.T., M.J.M.), and Urologic Oncology
Branch (S.G., P.A.P.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
10 Center Dr, MSC 1182, Bldg 10, Rm B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; NVIDIA, Santa
Clara, Calif (J.T., D.Y., Z.X., D.X.); Department of Radiology, Clinical Center,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (L.H., C.G., B.J.W.); and Department
of Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (Y.M.L.)
| | - Enis C. Yilmaz
- From the Molecular Imaging Branch (Y.L., E.C.Y., M.J.B., S.A.H.,
T.E.P., K.M.M., N.S.L., P.L.C., B.T.), Center for Interventional Oncology (L.H.,
C.G., B.J.W.), Laboratory of Pathology (A.T., M.J.M.), and Urologic Oncology
Branch (S.G., P.A.P.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
10 Center Dr, MSC 1182, Bldg 10, Rm B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; NVIDIA, Santa
Clara, Calif (J.T., D.Y., Z.X., D.X.); Department of Radiology, Clinical Center,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (L.H., C.G., B.J.W.); and Department
of Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (Y.M.L.)
| | - Mason J. Belue
- From the Molecular Imaging Branch (Y.L., E.C.Y., M.J.B., S.A.H.,
T.E.P., K.M.M., N.S.L., P.L.C., B.T.), Center for Interventional Oncology (L.H.,
C.G., B.J.W.), Laboratory of Pathology (A.T., M.J.M.), and Urologic Oncology
Branch (S.G., P.A.P.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
10 Center Dr, MSC 1182, Bldg 10, Rm B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; NVIDIA, Santa
Clara, Calif (J.T., D.Y., Z.X., D.X.); Department of Radiology, Clinical Center,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (L.H., C.G., B.J.W.); and Department
of Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (Y.M.L.)
| | - Stephanie A. Harmon
- From the Molecular Imaging Branch (Y.L., E.C.Y., M.J.B., S.A.H.,
T.E.P., K.M.M., N.S.L., P.L.C., B.T.), Center for Interventional Oncology (L.H.,
C.G., B.J.W.), Laboratory of Pathology (A.T., M.J.M.), and Urologic Oncology
Branch (S.G., P.A.P.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
10 Center Dr, MSC 1182, Bldg 10, Rm B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; NVIDIA, Santa
Clara, Calif (J.T., D.Y., Z.X., D.X.); Department of Radiology, Clinical Center,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (L.H., C.G., B.J.W.); and Department
of Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (Y.M.L.)
| | - Jesse Tetreault
- From the Molecular Imaging Branch (Y.L., E.C.Y., M.J.B., S.A.H.,
T.E.P., K.M.M., N.S.L., P.L.C., B.T.), Center for Interventional Oncology (L.H.,
C.G., B.J.W.), Laboratory of Pathology (A.T., M.J.M.), and Urologic Oncology
Branch (S.G., P.A.P.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
10 Center Dr, MSC 1182, Bldg 10, Rm B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; NVIDIA, Santa
Clara, Calif (J.T., D.Y., Z.X., D.X.); Department of Radiology, Clinical Center,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (L.H., C.G., B.J.W.); and Department
of Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (Y.M.L.)
| | - Tim E. Phelps
- From the Molecular Imaging Branch (Y.L., E.C.Y., M.J.B., S.A.H.,
T.E.P., K.M.M., N.S.L., P.L.C., B.T.), Center for Interventional Oncology (L.H.,
C.G., B.J.W.), Laboratory of Pathology (A.T., M.J.M.), and Urologic Oncology
Branch (S.G., P.A.P.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
10 Center Dr, MSC 1182, Bldg 10, Rm B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; NVIDIA, Santa
Clara, Calif (J.T., D.Y., Z.X., D.X.); Department of Radiology, Clinical Center,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (L.H., C.G., B.J.W.); and Department
of Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (Y.M.L.)
| | - Katie M. Merriman
- From the Molecular Imaging Branch (Y.L., E.C.Y., M.J.B., S.A.H.,
T.E.P., K.M.M., N.S.L., P.L.C., B.T.), Center for Interventional Oncology (L.H.,
C.G., B.J.W.), Laboratory of Pathology (A.T., M.J.M.), and Urologic Oncology
Branch (S.G., P.A.P.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
10 Center Dr, MSC 1182, Bldg 10, Rm B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; NVIDIA, Santa
Clara, Calif (J.T., D.Y., Z.X., D.X.); Department of Radiology, Clinical Center,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (L.H., C.G., B.J.W.); and Department
of Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (Y.M.L.)
| | - Lindsey Hazen
- From the Molecular Imaging Branch (Y.L., E.C.Y., M.J.B., S.A.H.,
T.E.P., K.M.M., N.S.L., P.L.C., B.T.), Center for Interventional Oncology (L.H.,
C.G., B.J.W.), Laboratory of Pathology (A.T., M.J.M.), and Urologic Oncology
Branch (S.G., P.A.P.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
10 Center Dr, MSC 1182, Bldg 10, Rm B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; NVIDIA, Santa
Clara, Calif (J.T., D.Y., Z.X., D.X.); Department of Radiology, Clinical Center,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (L.H., C.G., B.J.W.); and Department
of Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (Y.M.L.)
| | - Charisse Garcia
- From the Molecular Imaging Branch (Y.L., E.C.Y., M.J.B., S.A.H.,
T.E.P., K.M.M., N.S.L., P.L.C., B.T.), Center for Interventional Oncology (L.H.,
C.G., B.J.W.), Laboratory of Pathology (A.T., M.J.M.), and Urologic Oncology
Branch (S.G., P.A.P.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
10 Center Dr, MSC 1182, Bldg 10, Rm B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; NVIDIA, Santa
Clara, Calif (J.T., D.Y., Z.X., D.X.); Department of Radiology, Clinical Center,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (L.H., C.G., B.J.W.); and Department
of Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (Y.M.L.)
| | - Dong Yang
- From the Molecular Imaging Branch (Y.L., E.C.Y., M.J.B., S.A.H.,
T.E.P., K.M.M., N.S.L., P.L.C., B.T.), Center for Interventional Oncology (L.H.,
C.G., B.J.W.), Laboratory of Pathology (A.T., M.J.M.), and Urologic Oncology
Branch (S.G., P.A.P.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
10 Center Dr, MSC 1182, Bldg 10, Rm B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; NVIDIA, Santa
Clara, Calif (J.T., D.Y., Z.X., D.X.); Department of Radiology, Clinical Center,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (L.H., C.G., B.J.W.); and Department
of Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (Y.M.L.)
| | - Ziyue Xu
- From the Molecular Imaging Branch (Y.L., E.C.Y., M.J.B., S.A.H.,
T.E.P., K.M.M., N.S.L., P.L.C., B.T.), Center for Interventional Oncology (L.H.,
C.G., B.J.W.), Laboratory of Pathology (A.T., M.J.M.), and Urologic Oncology
Branch (S.G., P.A.P.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
10 Center Dr, MSC 1182, Bldg 10, Rm B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; NVIDIA, Santa
Clara, Calif (J.T., D.Y., Z.X., D.X.); Department of Radiology, Clinical Center,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (L.H., C.G., B.J.W.); and Department
of Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (Y.M.L.)
| | - Nathan S. Lay
- From the Molecular Imaging Branch (Y.L., E.C.Y., M.J.B., S.A.H.,
T.E.P., K.M.M., N.S.L., P.L.C., B.T.), Center for Interventional Oncology (L.H.,
C.G., B.J.W.), Laboratory of Pathology (A.T., M.J.M.), and Urologic Oncology
Branch (S.G., P.A.P.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
10 Center Dr, MSC 1182, Bldg 10, Rm B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; NVIDIA, Santa
Clara, Calif (J.T., D.Y., Z.X., D.X.); Department of Radiology, Clinical Center,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (L.H., C.G., B.J.W.); and Department
of Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (Y.M.L.)
| | - Antoun Toubaji
- From the Molecular Imaging Branch (Y.L., E.C.Y., M.J.B., S.A.H.,
T.E.P., K.M.M., N.S.L., P.L.C., B.T.), Center for Interventional Oncology (L.H.,
C.G., B.J.W.), Laboratory of Pathology (A.T., M.J.M.), and Urologic Oncology
Branch (S.G., P.A.P.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
10 Center Dr, MSC 1182, Bldg 10, Rm B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; NVIDIA, Santa
Clara, Calif (J.T., D.Y., Z.X., D.X.); Department of Radiology, Clinical Center,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (L.H., C.G., B.J.W.); and Department
of Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (Y.M.L.)
| | - Maria J. Merino
- From the Molecular Imaging Branch (Y.L., E.C.Y., M.J.B., S.A.H.,
T.E.P., K.M.M., N.S.L., P.L.C., B.T.), Center for Interventional Oncology (L.H.,
C.G., B.J.W.), Laboratory of Pathology (A.T., M.J.M.), and Urologic Oncology
Branch (S.G., P.A.P.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
10 Center Dr, MSC 1182, Bldg 10, Rm B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; NVIDIA, Santa
Clara, Calif (J.T., D.Y., Z.X., D.X.); Department of Radiology, Clinical Center,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (L.H., C.G., B.J.W.); and Department
of Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (Y.M.L.)
| | - Daguang Xu
- From the Molecular Imaging Branch (Y.L., E.C.Y., M.J.B., S.A.H.,
T.E.P., K.M.M., N.S.L., P.L.C., B.T.), Center for Interventional Oncology (L.H.,
C.G., B.J.W.), Laboratory of Pathology (A.T., M.J.M.), and Urologic Oncology
Branch (S.G., P.A.P.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
10 Center Dr, MSC 1182, Bldg 10, Rm B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; NVIDIA, Santa
Clara, Calif (J.T., D.Y., Z.X., D.X.); Department of Radiology, Clinical Center,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (L.H., C.G., B.J.W.); and Department
of Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (Y.M.L.)
| | - Yan Mee Law
- From the Molecular Imaging Branch (Y.L., E.C.Y., M.J.B., S.A.H.,
T.E.P., K.M.M., N.S.L., P.L.C., B.T.), Center for Interventional Oncology (L.H.,
C.G., B.J.W.), Laboratory of Pathology (A.T., M.J.M.), and Urologic Oncology
Branch (S.G., P.A.P.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
10 Center Dr, MSC 1182, Bldg 10, Rm B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; NVIDIA, Santa
Clara, Calif (J.T., D.Y., Z.X., D.X.); Department of Radiology, Clinical Center,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (L.H., C.G., B.J.W.); and Department
of Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (Y.M.L.)
| | - Sandeep Gurram
- From the Molecular Imaging Branch (Y.L., E.C.Y., M.J.B., S.A.H.,
T.E.P., K.M.M., N.S.L., P.L.C., B.T.), Center for Interventional Oncology (L.H.,
C.G., B.J.W.), Laboratory of Pathology (A.T., M.J.M.), and Urologic Oncology
Branch (S.G., P.A.P.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
10 Center Dr, MSC 1182, Bldg 10, Rm B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; NVIDIA, Santa
Clara, Calif (J.T., D.Y., Z.X., D.X.); Department of Radiology, Clinical Center,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (L.H., C.G., B.J.W.); and Department
of Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (Y.M.L.)
| | - Bradford J. Wood
- From the Molecular Imaging Branch (Y.L., E.C.Y., M.J.B., S.A.H.,
T.E.P., K.M.M., N.S.L., P.L.C., B.T.), Center for Interventional Oncology (L.H.,
C.G., B.J.W.), Laboratory of Pathology (A.T., M.J.M.), and Urologic Oncology
Branch (S.G., P.A.P.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
10 Center Dr, MSC 1182, Bldg 10, Rm B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; NVIDIA, Santa
Clara, Calif (J.T., D.Y., Z.X., D.X.); Department of Radiology, Clinical Center,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (L.H., C.G., B.J.W.); and Department
of Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (Y.M.L.)
| | - Peter L. Choyke
- From the Molecular Imaging Branch (Y.L., E.C.Y., M.J.B., S.A.H.,
T.E.P., K.M.M., N.S.L., P.L.C., B.T.), Center for Interventional Oncology (L.H.,
C.G., B.J.W.), Laboratory of Pathology (A.T., M.J.M.), and Urologic Oncology
Branch (S.G., P.A.P.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
10 Center Dr, MSC 1182, Bldg 10, Rm B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; NVIDIA, Santa
Clara, Calif (J.T., D.Y., Z.X., D.X.); Department of Radiology, Clinical Center,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (L.H., C.G., B.J.W.); and Department
of Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (Y.M.L.)
| | - Peter A. Pinto
- From the Molecular Imaging Branch (Y.L., E.C.Y., M.J.B., S.A.H.,
T.E.P., K.M.M., N.S.L., P.L.C., B.T.), Center for Interventional Oncology (L.H.,
C.G., B.J.W.), Laboratory of Pathology (A.T., M.J.M.), and Urologic Oncology
Branch (S.G., P.A.P.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
10 Center Dr, MSC 1182, Bldg 10, Rm B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; NVIDIA, Santa
Clara, Calif (J.T., D.Y., Z.X., D.X.); Department of Radiology, Clinical Center,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (L.H., C.G., B.J.W.); and Department
of Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (Y.M.L.)
| | - Baris Turkbey
- From the Molecular Imaging Branch (Y.L., E.C.Y., M.J.B., S.A.H.,
T.E.P., K.M.M., N.S.L., P.L.C., B.T.), Center for Interventional Oncology (L.H.,
C.G., B.J.W.), Laboratory of Pathology (A.T., M.J.M.), and Urologic Oncology
Branch (S.G., P.A.P.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
10 Center Dr, MSC 1182, Bldg 10, Rm B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; NVIDIA, Santa
Clara, Calif (J.T., D.Y., Z.X., D.X.); Department of Radiology, Clinical Center,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (L.H., C.G., B.J.W.); and Department
of Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (Y.M.L.)
| | - Sarah Atzen
- From the Molecular Imaging Branch (Y.L., E.C.Y., M.J.B., S.A.H.,
T.E.P., K.M.M., N.S.L., P.L.C., B.T.), Center for Interventional Oncology (L.H.,
C.G., B.J.W.), Laboratory of Pathology (A.T., M.J.M.), and Urologic Oncology
Branch (S.G., P.A.P.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
10 Center Dr, MSC 1182, Bldg 10, Rm B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; NVIDIA, Santa
Clara, Calif (J.T., D.Y., Z.X., D.X.); Department of Radiology, Clinical Center,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (L.H., C.G., B.J.W.); and Department
of Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (Y.M.L.)
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Pylväläinen J, Hoffström J, Kenttämies A, Auvinen A, Mirtti T, Rannikko A. Risk of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer after a Nonsuspicious Prostate MRI-A Comparison with the General Population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024; 33:749-756. [PMID: 38270536 PMCID: PMC11061604 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compare the risk of clinically significant (csPCa; ISUP Grade Group ≥ 2) and insignificant prostate cancer (isPCa; ISUP Grade Group 1) in men with a nonsuspicious prostate MRI (nMRI; PI-RADS ≤ 2) with the general population, and assess the value of PSA density (PSAD) in stratification. METHODS In this retrospective population-based cohort study we identified 1,682 50-79-year-old men, who underwent nMRI at HUS (2016-2019). We compared their age-standardized incidence rates (IR) of csPCa and the odds of isPCa to a local age- and sex-matched general population (n = 230,458) during a six-year follow-up. Comparisons were performed by calculating incidence rate ratios (IRR) and ORs with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We repeated the comparison for the 920 men with nMRI and PSAD < 0.15 ng/mL/cm3. RESULTS Compared with the general population, the IR of csPCa was significantly higher after nMRI [1,852 vs. 552 per 100,000 person-years; IRR 3.4 (95% CI, 2.8-4.1)]. However, the IR was substantially lower if PSAD was low [778 per 100,000 person-years; IRR 1.4 (95% CI, 0.9-2.0)]. ORs for isPCa were 2.4 (95% CI, 1.7-3.5) for all men with nMRI and 5.0 (95% CI, 2.8-9.1) if PSAD was low. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the general population, the risk of csPCa is not negligible after nMRI. However, men with nMRI and PSAD <0.15 ng/mL/cm3 have worse harm-benefit balance than men in the general population. IMPACT Prostate biopsies for men with nMRI should be reserved for cases indicated by additional risk stratification. See related In the Spotlight, p. 641.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Pylväläinen
- Department of Radiology, HUS Diagnostic Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Hoffström
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Kenttämies
- Department of Radiology, HUS Diagnostic Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anssi Auvinen
- Tampere University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuomas Mirtti
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN-Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Emory University Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Antti Rannikko
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Tampere University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Vinje CA, Vigmostad MN, Kjosavik SR, Grönberg H, Gilje B, Skeie S. Prostate Biopsies Can Be Omitted in Most Patients with a Positive Stockholm3 Test and Negative Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Eur Urol Focus 2024; 10:469-474. [PMID: 37805292 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with the Stockholm3 test can be used to inform biopsy decision-making in patients with a suspicion of prostate cancer. OBJECTIVE To determine the consequence of omitting biopsies in men with a positive Stockholm3 test and a negative MRI. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In a real-life setting, 438 men with a positive Stockholm3 test and a negative MRI underwent systematic biopsies from 2017 to 2020. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The Stockholm3 test result is a percentage risk score with or without a prostate volume cutoff. The main outcomes were the number of clinically significant (Gleason grade group [GG] ≥2) and nonsignificant (GG 1) prostate cancers. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Median prostate-specific antigen was 4.5 ng/ml (interquartile range 2.8-6.4 ng/ml) and the median age was 69 yr. Systematic biopsies detected grade group (GG) ≥2 disease in 48 men (11%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 8.4-14.2%) and GG 1 disease in 94 men (21.5%, 95% CI 17.9-25.6%). Of 256 patients without a volume cutoff in the test report, GG ≥2 was detected in 37 men (14.5%, 95% CI 10.7-19.3%). Omitting biopsies in patients with a volume cutoff would miss 11 GG ≥2 cases (6%, 95% CI 3.4-10.5%), reduce the number of GG 1 cases detected by 37 (39.4%, 95% CI 30.1-49.5%), and avoid a total of 182 biopsies (41.6%, 95% CI 37.0-46.2%). Limitations include the lack of follow-up data. CONCLUSIONS Systematic biopsies can be omitted in patients with a positive Stockholm3 test and a negative MRI when there is a volume cutoff in the test report. With no volume cutoff, biopsies can be considered with shared decision-making. PATIENT SUMMARY When investigated on suspicion of prostate cancer with a positive Stockholm3 test and a negative MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), prostate biopsies are only necessary for a subgroup of patients. This can spare some men from undergoing biopsies and reduce the detection of clinically insignificant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine Alvær Vinje
- Department of Urology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Maria Nyre Vigmostad
- Department of Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Svein R Kjosavik
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway; The General Practice and Care Coordination Research Group, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Henrik Grönberg
- Department of Surgery, Capio St. Göran's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bjørnar Gilje
- Department of Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Svein Skeie
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
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Guenzel K, Lukas Baumgaertner G, Padhani AR, Luckau J, Carsten Lock U, Ozimek T, Heinrich S, Schlegel J, Busch J, Magheli A, Struck J, Borgmann H, Penzkofer T, Hamm B, Hinz S, Alexander Hamm C. Diagnostic Utility of Artificial Intelligence-assisted Transperineal Biopsy Planning in Prostate Cancer Suspected Men: A Prospective Cohort Study. Eur Urol Focus 2024:S2405-4569(24)00059-2. [PMID: 38688825 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Accurate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reporting is essential for transperineal prostate biopsy (TPB) planning. Although approved computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) tools may assist urologists in this task, evidence of improved clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) detection is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to document the diagnostic utility of using Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) and CAD for biopsy planning compared with PI-RADS alone. METHODS A total of 262 consecutive men scheduled for TPB at our referral centre were analysed. Reported PI-RADS lesions and an US Food and Drug Administration-cleared CAD tool were used for TPB planning. PI-RADS and CAD lesions were targeted on TPB, while four (interquartile range: 2-5) systematic biopsies were taken. The outcomes were the (1) proportion of csPCa (grade group ≥2) and (2) number of targeted lesions and false-positive rate. Performance was tested using free-response receiver operating characteristic curves and the exact Fisher-Yates test. KEY FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS Overall, csPCa was detected in 56% (146/262) of men, with sensitivity of 92% and 97% (p = 0.007) for PI-RADS- and CAD-directed TPB, respectively. In 4% (10/262), csPCa was detected solely by CAD-directed biopsies; in 8% (22/262), additional csPCa lesions were detected. However, the number of targeted lesions increased by 54% (518 vs 336) and the false-positive rate doubled (0.66 vs 1.39; p = 0.009). Limitations include biopsies only for men at clinical/radiological suspicion and no multidisciplinary review of MRI before biopsy. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The tested CAD tool for TPB planning improves csPCa detection at the cost of an increased number of lesions sampled and false positives. This may enable more personalised biopsy planning depending on urological and patient preferences. PATIENT SUMMARY The computer-aided diagnosis tool tested for transperineal prostate biopsy planning improves the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer at the cost of an increased number of lesions sampled and false positives. This may enable more personalised biopsy planning depending on urological and patient preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Guenzel
- Department of Urology, Vivantes Klinikum Am Urban, Berlin, Germany; Prostate-Diagnostic-Centre Berlin, PDZB, Berlin, Germany; Department of Urology, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany.
| | | | - Anwar R Padhani
- Paul Strickland Scanner Centre, Mount Vernon Hospital, Middlesex, UK
| | - Johannes Luckau
- Department of Urology, Vivantes Klinikum Am Urban, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Tomasz Ozimek
- Department of Urology, Vivantes Klinikum Am Urban, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Heinrich
- Department of Urology, Vivantes Klinikum Am Urban, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Schlegel
- Department of Urology, Vivantes Klinikum Am Urban, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Busch
- Department of Urology, Vivantes Klinikum Am Urban, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ahmed Magheli
- Department of Urology, Vivantes Klinikum Am Urban, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Struck
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Borgmann
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Tobias Penzkofer
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Hamm
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hinz
- Department of Urology, Vivantes Klinikum Am Urban, Berlin, Germany; Department of Urology, Magdeburg University Medical Center, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Charlie Alexander Hamm
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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He Y, Fan Y, Song H, Shen Q, Ruan M, Chen Y, Li D, Li X, Liu Y, Zhang K, Zhang Q. A novel biopsy scheme for prostate cancer: targeted and regional systematic biopsy. BMC Urol 2024; 24:85. [PMID: 38614971 PMCID: PMC11015685 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-024-01461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore a novel biopsy scheme for prostate cancer (PCa), and test the detection rate and pathological agreement of standard systematic (SB) + targeted (TB) biopsy and novel biopsy scheme. METHODS Positive needles were collected from 194 patients who underwent SB + TB (STB) followed by radical prostatectomy (RP). Our novel biopsy scheme, targeted and regional systematic biopsy (TrSB) was defined as TB + regional SB (4 SB-needles closest to the TB-needles). The McNemar test was utilized to compare the detection rate performance for clinical significant PCa (csPCa) and clinical insignificant PCa (ciPCa). Moreover, the accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were investigated. The agreement between the different biopsy schemes grade group (GG) and RP GG were assessed. The concordance between the biopsy and the RP GG was evaluated using weighted κ coefficient analyses. RESULTS In this study, the overall detection rate for csPCa was 83.5% (162 of 194) when SB and TB were combined. TrSB showed better NPV than TB (97.0% vs. 74.4%). Comparing to STB, the TB-detection rate of csPCa had a significant difference (p < 0.01), while TrSB showed no significant difference (p > 0.999). For ciPCa, the overall detection rate was 16.5% (32 of 194). TrSB showed better PPV (96.6% vs. 83.3%) and NPV (97.6% vs. 92.9%) than TB. Comparing to STB, the detection rate of both schemes showed no significant difference (p = 0.077 and p = 0.375). All three schemes GG showed poor agreement with RP GG (TB: 43.3%, TrSB: 46.4%, STB: 45.9%). Using weighted κ, all three schemes showed no difference (TB: 0.48, TrSB: 0.51, STB: 0.51). In our subgroup analysis (PI-RADS = 4/5, n = 154), all three schemes almost showed no difference (Weighted κ: TB-0.50, TrSB-0.51, STB-0.50). CONCLUSION Our novel biopsy scheme TrSB (TB + 4 closest SB needles) may reduce 8 cores of biopsy compared with STB (standard SB + TB), which also showed better csPCa detection rate than TB only, but the same as STB. The pathological agreement between three different biopsy schemes (TB/TrSB/STB) GG and RP GG showed no difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- Department of Urology, The Institute of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, The National Urological Cancer Center of China, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institution of Urology, PekingUniversity, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Urology, The Institute of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, The National Urological Cancer Center of China, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institution of Urology, PekingUniversity, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Haitian Song
- Department of Urology, The Institute of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, The National Urological Cancer Center of China, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institution of Urology, PekingUniversity, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Qi Shen
- Department of Urology, The Institute of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, The National Urological Cancer Center of China, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institution of Urology, PekingUniversity, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Mingjian Ruan
- Department of Urology, The Institute of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, The National Urological Cancer Center of China, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institution of Urology, PekingUniversity, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yuke Chen
- Department of Urology, The Institute of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, The National Urological Cancer Center of China, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institution of Urology, PekingUniversity, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Derun Li
- Department of Urology, The Institute of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, The National Urological Cancer Center of China, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institution of Urology, PekingUniversity, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xueying Li
- Department of Statistics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Urology, The Institute of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, The National Urological Cancer Center of China, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Institution of Urology, PekingUniversity, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China.
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Institute of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, The National Urological Cancer Center of China, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Institution of Urology, PekingUniversity, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China.
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Institute of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, The National Urological Cancer Center of China, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institution of Urology, PekingUniversity, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, 100034, China
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Lang J, McClure TD, Margolis DJA. MRI-Ultrasound Fused Approach for Prostate Biopsy-How It Is Performed. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1424. [PMID: 38611102 PMCID: PMC11010881 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of MRI-ultrasound image fusion targeted biopsy of the prostate in the face of an elevated serum PSA is now recommended by multiple societies, and results in improved detection of clinically significant cancer and, potentially, decreased detection of indolent disease. This combines the excellent sensitivity of MRI for clinically significant prostate cancer and the real-time biopsy guidance and confirmation of ultrasound. Both transperineal and transrectal approaches can be implemented using cognitive fusion, mechanical fusion with an articulated arm and electromagnetic registration, or pure software registration. The performance has been shown comparable to in-bore MRI biopsy performance. However, a number of factors influence the performance of this technique, including the quality and interpretation of the MRI, the approach used for biopsy, and experience of the practitioner, with most studies showing comparable performance of MRI-ultrasound fusion to in-bore targeted biopsy. Future improvements including artificial intelligence promise to refine the performance of all approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Lang
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10068, USA
| | - Timothy Dale McClure
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10068, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10068, USA
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Shimizu R, Morizane S, Yamamoto A, Yamane H, Nishikawa R, Kimura Y, Yamaguchi N, Hikita K, Honda M, Takenaka A. Assessment of the accuracy of biparametric MRI/TRUS fusion-guided biopsy for index tumor evaluation using postoperative pathology specimens. BMC Urol 2024; 24:79. [PMID: 38575912 PMCID: PMC10996083 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-024-01473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) is widely used for the diagnosis, surveillance, and staging of prostate cancer. However, it has several limitations, including higher costs, longer examination times, and the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of preoperatively assessed index tumors (ITs) using biparametric MRI (bpMRI)/transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) fusion biopsy compared with radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens. METHODS We included 113 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer through bpMRI/TRUS fusion-guided biopsies of lesions with a Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) category ≥ 3. These patients underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP) at our institution between July 2017 and March 2023. We examined the localization of preoperative and postoperative ITs, the highest Gleason score (GS), and tumor diameter in these patients. RESULTS The preoperative cT stage matched the postoperative pT stage in 53 cases (47%), while 31 cases (27%) were upstaged, and 29 cases (26%) were downstaged (Weighted Kappa = 0.21). The preoperative and postoperative IT localizations were consistent in 97 cases (86%). The concordance rate between Gleason groups in targeted biopsies and RP specimens was 51%, with an upgrade in 25 cases (23%) and a downgrade in 27 cases (25%) (Weighted Kappa = 0.42). The maximum diameter of the IT and the maximum cancer core length on biopsy were correlated with the RP tumor's maximum diameter (p < 0.001 for both). CONCLUSION The diagnostic accuracy of bpMRI/TRUS fusion biopsy is comparable to mpMRI, suggesting that it can be a cost-effective and time-saving alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Shimizu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1, Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Shuichi Morizane
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1, Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8504, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1, Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamane
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1, Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Ryoma Nishikawa
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1, Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kimura
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1, Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Noriya Yamaguchi
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1, Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Katsuya Hikita
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1, Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Masashi Honda
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1, Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takenaka
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1, Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8504, Japan
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Tesfai A, Norori N, Harding TA, Wong YH, Hobbs MD. The impact of pre-biopsy MRI and additional testing on prostate cancer screening outcomes: A rapid review. BJUI COMPASS 2024; 5:426-438. [PMID: 38633829 PMCID: PMC11019254 DOI: 10.1002/bco2.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This work aims to examine the latest evidence on the impact of pre-biopsy MRI, in addition to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, on health outcomes and quality of life. Methods We conducted a literature search including PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases, with a limited scan of (i) guidelines and (ii) references from trial reports, from January 2005 to 25th January 2023. Two independent reviewers selected randomised controlled trials (RCT) and cohort studies which met our inclusion criteria. Results One hundred thirty-seven articles were identified, and seven trial articles were selected. Trial interventions were as follows: (i) PSA blood test, (ii) additional tests such as pre-biopsy multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and Biparametric MRI (bpMRI), and (iii) MRI targeted biopsy and standard biopsy. Compared with standard biopsy, MRI-based interventions led to increased detection of clinically significant cancers in three studies and decreased detection of clinically insignificant cancer (Gleason grade 3 + 3) in four studies. However, PROstate Magnetic resonance Imaging Study (PROMIS) and Stockholm3 with MRI (STHLM3-MRI) studies reported different trends depending on the scenario studied in PROMIS (MRI triage and MRI directed biopsy vs. MRI triage and standard biopsy) and thresholds used in STHLM3-MRI (≥0·11 and ≥0·15). MRI also helped 8%-49% of men avoid biopsy, in six out of seven studies, but not in STHLM3-MRI at ≥0.11. Interestingly, the proportion of men who experienced sepsis and UTI was low across studies. Conclusion This review found that a combination of approaches, centred on the use of pre-biopsy MRI, may improve the detection of clinically significant cancers and reduce (i) the diagnosis of clinically insignificant cancers and (ii) unnecessary biopsies, compared with PSA testing and standard biopsy alone. However, the impact of such interventions on longer term outcomes such as prostate cancer-specific mortality has not yet been assessed.
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Björnebo L, Discacciati A, Falagario U, Vigneswaran HT, Jäderling F, Grönberg H, Eklund M, Nordström T, Lantz A. Biomarker vs MRI-Enhanced Strategies for Prostate Cancer Screening: The STHLM3-MRI Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e247131. [PMID: 38648061 PMCID: PMC11036143 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.7131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Prostate cancer guidelines often recommend obtaining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before a biopsy, yet MRI access is limited. To date, no randomized clinical trial has compared the use of novel biomarkers for risk estimation vs MRI-based diagnostic approaches for prostate cancer screening. Objective To evaluate biomarker-based risk estimation (Stockholm3 risk scores or prostate-specific antigen [PSA] levels) with systematic biopsies vs an MRI-enhanced strategy (PSA levels and MRI with systematic and targeted biopsy) for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer in a screening setting. Design, Setting, and Participants This open-label randomized clinical trial conducted in Stockholm, Sweden, between April 4, 2018, and December 10, 2020, recruited men aged 50 to 74 years with no history of prostate cancer. Participants underwent blood sampling for PSA and Stockholm3 tests to estimate their risk of clinically significant prostate cancer (Gleason score ≥3 + 4). After the blood tests were performed, participants were randomly assigned in a 2:3 ratio to receive a Stockholm3 test with systematic biopsy (biomarker group) or a PSA test followed by MRI with systematic and targeted biopsy (MRI-enhanced group). Data were analyzed from September 1 to November 5, 2023. Interventions In the biomarker group, men with a Stockholm3 risk score of 0.15 or higher underwent systematic biopsies. In the MRI-enhanced group, men with a PSA level of 3 ng/mL or higher had an MRI and those with a Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score of 3 or higher (range: 1-5, with higher scores indicating a higher likelihood of clinically significant prostate cancer) underwent targeted and systematic biopsies. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcome was detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (Gleason score ≥3 + 4). Secondary outcomes included detection of clinically insignificant cancer (Gleason score ≤6) and the number of biopsy procedures performed. Results Of 12 743 male participants (median [IQR] age, 61 [55-67] years), 5134 were assigned to the biomarker group and 7609 to the MRI-enhanced group. In the biomarker group, 8.0% of men (413) had Stockholm3 risk scores of 0.15 or higher and were referred for systematic biopsies. In the MRI-enhanced group, 12.2% of men (929) had a PSA level of 3 ng/mL or higher and were referred for MRI with biopsies if they had a PI-RADS score of 3 or higher. Detection rates of clinically significant prostate cancer were comparable between the 2 groups: 2.3% in the biomarker group and 2.5% in the MRI-enhanced group (relative proportion, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.73-1.15). More biopsies were performed in the biomarker group than in the MRI-enhanced group (326 of 5134 [6.3%] vs 338 of 7609 [4.4%]; relative proportion, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.23-1.66]), and more indolent prostate cancers were detected (61 [1.2%] vs 41 [0.5%]; relative proportion, 2.21 [95% CI, 1.49-3.27]). Conclusions and Relevance Findings of this randomized clinical trial indicate that combining a Stockholm3 test with systematic biopsies is comparable with MRI-based screening with PSA levels and systematic and targeted biopsies for detection of clinically significant prostate cancer, but this approach resulted in more biopsies as well as detection of a greater number of indolent cancers. In regions where access to MRI is lacking, the Stockholm3 test can aid in selecting patients for systematic prostate biopsy. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03377881.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Björnebo
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Discacciati
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ugo Falagario
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Urology and Kidney Transplantation, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Hari T. Vigneswaran
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Jäderling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Grönberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Eklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Nordström
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Anna Lantz
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Shi J, Li D, Chen M, Fu Y, Peng S, Zhang Q, Liang J, Lu Q, Lu J, Ai S, Wang F, Qiu X, Guo H. The Value of 68Ga-PSMA PET/MRI for Classifying Patients with PI-RADS 3 Lesions on Multiparametric MRI: A Prospective Single-Center Study. J Nucl Med 2024; 65:555-559. [PMID: 38485278 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.266742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) category 3 lesions remain a diagnostic challenge for detecting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). This article evaluates the added value of 68Ga-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen-11 (68Ga-PSMA) PET/MRI in classifying PI-RADS 3 lesions to avoid unnecessary biopsies. Methods: Sixty biopsy-naïve men with PI-RADS 3 lesions on multiparametric MRI were prospectively enrolled between February 2020 and October 2022. In all, 56 participants underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/MRI and prostate systematic biopsy. 68Ga-PSMA PET/MRI was independently evaluated and reported by the 5-level PRIMARY score developed within the PRIMARY trial. Receiver-operating-characteristic curve analysis was used to estimate the diagnostic performance. Results: csPCa was detected in 8 of 56 patients (14.3%). The proportion of patients with csPCa and a PRIMARY score of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 was 0% (0/12), 0% (0/13), 6.3% (1/16), 38.5% (5/13), and 100% (2/2), respectively. The estimated area under the curve of the PRIMARY score was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.817-0.999). For a PRIMARY score of 4-5 versus a PRIMARY score of 1-3, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 87.5%, 83.3%, 46.7%, and 97.5%, respectively. With a PRIMARY score of at least 4 to make a biopsy decision in men with PI-RADS 3 lesions, 40 of 48 patients (83.3%) could avoid unnecessary biopsies, at the expense of missing 1 of 8 (12.5%) csPCa cases. Conclusion: 68Ga-PSMA PET/MRI has great potential to classify patients with PI-RADS 3 lesions and help avoid unnecessary biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Shi
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danyan Li
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengxia Chen
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Shan Peng
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaming Lu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuyue Ai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuefeng Qiu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China;
| | - Hongqian Guo
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China;
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Krausewitz P, Büttner T, von Danwitz M, Weiten R, Cox A, Klümper N, Stein J, Luetkens J, Kristiansen G, Ritter M, Ellinger J. Elucidating the need for prostate cancer risk calculators in conjunction with mpMRI in initial risk assessment before prostate biopsy at a tertiary prostate cancer center. BMC Urol 2024; 24:71. [PMID: 38532370 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-024-01460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Utilizing personalized risk assessment for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) incorporating multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) reduces biopsies and overdiagnosis. We validated both multi- and univariate risk models in biopsy-naïve men, with and without the inclusion of mpMRI data for csPCa detection. METHODS N = 565 men underwent mpMRI-targeted prostate biopsy, and the diagnostic performance of risk calculators (RCs), mpMRI alone, and clinical measures were compared using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA). Subgroups were stratified based on mpMRI findings and quality. RESULTS csPCa was detected in 56.3%. PI-RADS score achieved the highest area under the curve (AUC) when comparing univariate risk models (AUC 0.82, p < 0.001). Multivariate RCs showed only marginal improvement in csPCa detection compared to PI-RADS score alone, with just one of four RCs showing significant superiority. In mpMRI-negative cases, the non-MRI-based RC performed best (AUC 0.80, p = 0.016), with the potential to spare biopsies for 23%. PSA-density and multivariate RCs demonstrated comparable performance for PI-RADS 3 constellation (AUC 0.65 vs. 0.60-0.65, p > 0.5; saved biopsies 16%). In men with suspicious mpMRI, both mpMRI-based RCs and the PI-RADS score predicted csPCa excellently (AUC 0.82-0.79 vs. 0.80, p > 0.05), highlighting superior performance compared to non-MRI-based models (all p < 0.002). Quality-assured imaging consistently improved csPCa risk stratification across all subgroups. CONCLUSION In tertiary centers serving a high-risk population, high-quality mpMRI provides a simple yet effective way to assess the risk of csPCa. Using multivariate RCs reduces multiple biopsies, especially in mpMRI-negative and PI-RADS 3 constellation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Krausewitz
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Thomas Büttner
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marthe von Danwitz
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Richard Weiten
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Cox
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Niklas Klümper
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Stein
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julian Luetkens
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Manuel Ritter
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörg Ellinger
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Falkenbach F, Ambrosini F, Kachanov M, Ortner G, Maurer T, Köhler D, Beyersdorff D, Graefen M, Budäus L. PSA-density, DRE, and PI-RADS 5: potential surrogates for omitting biopsy? World J Urol 2024; 42:182. [PMID: 38506941 PMCID: PMC10955031 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-024-04894-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In contrast to other malignancies, histologic confirmation prior treatment in patients with a high suspicion of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCA) is common. To analyze the impact of extracapsular extension (ECE), cT-stage defined by digital rectal examination (DRE), and PSA-density (PSA-D) on detection of csPCA in patients with at least one PI-RADS 5 lesion (hereinafter, "PI-RADS 5 patients"). MATERIALS AND METHODS PI-RADS 5 patients who underwent MRI/Ultrasound fusion biopsy (Bx) between 2016 and 2020 were identified in our institutional database. Uni- and multivariable logistic-regression models were used to identify predictors of csPCA-detection (GGG ≥ 2). Risk models were adjusted for ECE, PSA-D, and cT-stage. Corresponding Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and areas under the curve (AUC) were calculated. RESULTS Among 493 consecutive PI-RADS 5 patients, the median age and PSA was 69 years (IQR 63-74) and 8.9 ng/ml (IQR 6.0-13.7), respectively. CsPCA (GGG ≥ 2) was detected in 405/493 (82%); 36/493 patients (7%) had no cancer. When tabulating for PSA-D of > 0.2 ng/ml/cc and > 0.5 ng/ml/cc, csPCA was found in 228/253 (90%, PI-RADS5 + PSA-D > 0.2 ng/ml/cc) and 54/54 (100%, PI-RADS5 + PSA-D > 0.5 ng/ml/cc). Finally, a model incorporating PSA-D and cT-stage achieved an AUC of 0.79 (CI 0.74-0.83). CONCLUSION In PI-RADS 5 patients, PSA-D and cT-stage emerged as strong predictors of csPCA at biopsy. Moreover, when adding the threshold of PSA-D > 0,5 ng/ml/cc, all PI-RADS 5 patients were diagnosed with csPCA. Therefore, straight treatment for PCA can be considered, especially if risk-factors for biopsy-related complications such as obligatory dual platelet inhibition are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Falkenbach
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Francesca Ambrosini
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mykyta Kachanov
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gernot Ortner
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Maurer
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Köhler
- Department for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Beyersdorff
- Department for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Budäus
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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Diamand R, Guenzel K, Mjaess G, Lefebvre Y, Ferriero M, Simone G, Fourcade A, Fournier G, Bui AP, Taha F, Oderda M, Gontero P, Rysankova K, Bernal-Gomez A, Mastrorosa A, Roche JB, Fiard G, Abou Zahr R, Ploussard G, Windisch O, Novello Q, Benamran D, Delavar G, Anract J, Barry Delongchamps N, Halinski A, Dariane C, Benijts J, Assenmacher G, Roumeguère T, Peltier A. Transperineal or Transrectal Magnetic Resonance Imaging-targeted Biopsy for Prostate Cancer Detection. Eur Urol Focus 2024:S2405-4569(24)00047-6. [PMID: 38508895 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE A notable paradigm shift has emerged in the choice of prostate biopsy approach, with a transition from transrectal biopsy (TRBx) to transperineal biopsy (TPBx) driven by the lower risk of severe urinary tract infections. The impact of this change on detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) remains a subject of debate. Our aim was to compare the csPCa detection rate of TRBx and TPBx. METHODS Patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-targeted and systematic biopsies for clinically localized PCa at 15 European referral centers from 2016 to 2023 were included. A propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed to minimize selection biases. Logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). KEY FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS Of 3949 patients who met the study criteria, 2187 underwent TRBx and 1762 underwent TPBx. PSM resulted in 1301 matched pairs for analysis. Patient demographics and tumor characteristics were comparable in the matched cohorts. TPBx versus TRBx was associated with greater detection of csPCa, whether defined as International Society of Urological Pathology grade group ≥2 (51% vs 45%; OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.15-1.63; p = 0.001) or grade group ≥3 (29% vs 23%; OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.13-1.67; p = 0.001). Similar results were found when considering MRI-targeted biopsy alone and after stratifying patients according to tumor location, Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System score, and clinical features. Limitations include the retrospective nature of the study and the absence of centralized MRI review. CONCLUSIONS Our findings bolster existing understanding of the additional advantages offered by TPBx. Further randomized trials to fully validate these findings are awaited. PATIENT SUMMARY We compared the rate of detection of clinically significant prostate cancer with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided biopsies in which the sample needle is passed through the perineum or the rectum. Our results suggest that the perineal approach is associated with better detection of aggressive prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Diamand
- Department of Urology, Jules Bordet Institute-Erasme Hospital, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Karsten Guenzel
- Department of Urology, Vivantes Klinikum am Urban, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georges Mjaess
- Department of Urology, Jules Bordet Institute-Erasme Hospital, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yolène Lefebvre
- Department of Radiology, Jules Bordet Institute-Erasme Hospital, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Giuseppe Simone
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexandre Fourcade
- Department of Urology, Hôpital Cavale Blanche, CHRU Brest, Brest, France
| | - Georges Fournier
- Department of Urology, Hôpital Cavale Blanche, CHRU Brest, Brest, France
| | | | - Fayek Taha
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Marco Oderda
- Department of Urology, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Gontero
- Department of Urology, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Katerina Rysankova
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia; Department of Surgical Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Ostrava University, Ostrava, Czechia
| | | | | | | | - Gaelle Fiard
- Department of Urology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Rawad Abou Zahr
- Department of Urology, La Croix du Sud Hospital, Quint Fonsegrives, France
| | | | - Olivier Windisch
- Department of Urology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Novello
- Department of Urology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Benamran
- Department of Urology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gina Delavar
- Departement of Urology, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Julien Anract
- Departement of Urology, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | | | - Adam Halinski
- Department of Urology, Klinika Wisniowa, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Charles Dariane
- Department of Urology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jan Benijts
- Department of Urology, Cliniques de l'Europe-Saint Elisabeth, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Thierry Roumeguère
- Department of Urology, Jules Bordet Institute-Erasme Hospital, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Peltier
- Department of Urology, Jules Bordet Institute-Erasme Hospital, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Yakut E. The impact of the relationship between lesion diameter and total core length on the detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer for PI-RADS 3 lesions. World J Urol 2024; 42:162. [PMID: 38488892 PMCID: PMC10942878 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-024-04845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of our study was to determine the effect of total core length (TCL) for prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) 3 lesions to facilitate clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) detection based on the lesion diameter. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 149 patients with at least 1 lesion with a PI-RADS 3 were evaluated retrospectively. The lesions with diameters of < 1 cm were categorized as small lesions and lesions of ≥ 1 cm were categorized as large lesions. The lengths of biopsy cores from PI-RADS 3 lesions were summed for each lesion separately, and TCL was calculated. The relationship between TCL and csPCa was analyzed separately for the small and large groups with multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS A total of 208 lesions were detected by multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MpMRI) in 149 males included in the study. The mean TCL was 44.68 mm (26-92) and the mean lesion diameter was 10.73 mm (4-27) in PIRADS 3 lesions. For small diameter lesions (< 1 cm), the odds of finding clinically insignificant prostate cancer (ciPCa) increase by 1.67 times if TCL increases by one unit. Hence, increasing TCL for small lesions only increases the odds of ciPCa detection. For large diameter lesions (≥ 1 cm), if TCL increases by one unit, the odds of finding ciPCa increase 1.13 times and the odds of finding csPCa increases1.16 times. Accordingly, large lesions are more likely to have both csPCa and ciPCa as TCL increases. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that for PI-RADS 3 lesions, both more csPCa and more ciPCa were detected as TCL increased. However, in lesions with a size of < 1 cm, only ciPCa was detected more frequently as TCL increased. In conclusion, taking more and longer biopsy cores in PI-RADS 3 lesions below 1 cm does not contribute to the detection of csPCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Yakut
- Department of Urology, Yuksek Ihtisas University, İşçi Blokları, 1588. Cd. No: 18/A, 06520, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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49
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Ozbozduman K, Loc I, Durmaz S, Atasoy D, Kilic M, Yildirim H, Esen T, Vural M, Unlu MB. Machine learning prediction of Gleason grade group upgrade between in-bore biopsy and radical prostatectomy pathology. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5849. [PMID: 38462645 PMCID: PMC10925603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to enhance the accuracy of Gleason grade group (GG) upgrade prediction in prostate cancer (PCa) patients who underwent MRI-guided in-bore biopsy (MRGB) and radical prostatectomy (RP) through a combined analysis of prebiopsy and MRGB clinical data. A retrospective analysis of 95 patients with prostate cancer diagnosed by MRGB was conducted where all patients had undergone RP. Among the patients, 64.2% had consistent GG results between in-bore biopsies and RP, whereas 28.4% had upgraded and 7.4% had downgraded results. GG1 biopsy results, lower biopsy core count, and fewer positive cores were correlated with upgrades in the entire patient group. In patients with GG > 1 , larger tumor sizes and fewer biopsy cores were associated with upgrades. By integrating MRGB data with prebiopsy clinical data, machine learning (ML) models achieved 85.6% accuracy in predicting upgrades, surpassing the 64.2% baseline from MRGB alone. ML analysis also highlighted the value of the minimum apparent diffusion coefficient ( ADC min ) for GG > 1 patients. Incorporation of MRGB results with tumor size, ADC min value, number of biopsy cores, positive core count, and Gleason grade can be useful to predict GG upgrade at final pathology and guide patient selection for active surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irem Loc
- Bogazici University Physics Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selahattin Durmaz
- Department of Radiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Atasoy
- Department of Radiology, University of Koc School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mert Kilic
- Department of Urology, VKF American Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Yildirim
- Department of Radiology, VKF American Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tarik Esen
- Department of Urology, VKF American Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Urology, University of Koc School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Metin Vural
- Department of Radiology, VKF American Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Burcin Unlu
- Faculty of Engineering, Ozyegin University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Aviation and Aeronautical Sciences Ozyegin University, Istanbul, Turkey
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50
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Novara G, Zattoni F, Zecchini G, Aceti A, Pellizzari A, Ferraioli G, Cobacchini C, Taverna A, Sattin F, Carletti F, La Bombarda G, Lacognata CS, Lauro A, Gardiman M, Morlacco A, Betto G, Dal Moro F. Role of targeted biopsy, perilesional biopsy, random biopsy, and their combination in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer by mpMRI/transrectal ultrasonography fusion biopsy in confirmatory biopsy during active surveillance program. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2024; 27:129-135. [PMID: 37828151 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-023-00733-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the findings of different trials in biopsy naïve patients, target biopsy (TB) plus random biopsy (RB) during mpMRI-guided transrectal ultrasound fusion biopsy (FB) are often also adopted for the biopsy performed during active surveillance (AS) programs. At the moment, a clear consensus on the extent and modalities of the procedure is lacking. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the increase in diagnostic accuracy achieved by perilesional biopsy (PL) and different RB schemes during FB performed in AS protocol. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We collected prospectively the data of 112 consecutive patients with low- or very-low-risk prostate cancer; positive mpMRI underwent biopsy at a single academic institution in the context of an AS protocol. INTERVENTION(S) mpMRI/transrectal US FB with Hitachi RVS system with 3 TB and concurrent transrectal 24-core RB. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The diagnostic yield of the different possible biopsy schemes (TB only; TB + 4 perilesional (PL) cores; TB + 12-core RB; TB + 24-core RB) was compared by the McNemar test. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were adopted to identify predictors of any cancer, Gleason grade group (GGG) ≥2 cancers, and the presence of GGG≥2 cancers in the larger schemes only. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS The detection rate of GGG ≥2 cancers increased to 30%, 39%, and 49% by adding 4 PL cores, 14, and 24 RB cores, respectively, to TB cores (all p values <0.01). On the whole, TB alone, 14-core RB, and 24-core-RB identified 38%, 47%, and 56% of all the GGG ≥2 cancers. Such figures increased to 62% by adding to TB 4 PL cores, and to 80% by adding 14 RB cores. Most of the differences were observed in PI-RADS 4 lesions. CONCLUSIONS We found that PL biopsy increased the detection rate of GGG ≥2 cancers as compared with TB alone. However, the combination of those cores missed a large percentage of the CS cancers identified with larger RB cores, including a 20% of CS cancers diagnosed only by the combination of TB plus 24-core RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Novara
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology - Urology Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Fabio Zattoni
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology - Urology Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zecchini
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology - Urology Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto Aceti
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology - Urology Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Pellizzari
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology - Urology Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giordana Ferraioli
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology - Urology Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Claudia Cobacchini
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology - Urology Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandra Taverna
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology - Urology Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Sattin
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology - Urology Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Filippo Carletti
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology - Urology Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia La Bombarda
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology - Urology Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Lauro
- Radiology Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marina Gardiman
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morlacco
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology - Urology Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Betto
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology - Urology Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Dal Moro
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology - Urology Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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