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Di Vincenzo S, Di Sano C, D'Anna C, Ferraro M, Malizia V, Bruno A, Cristaldi M, Cipollina C, Lazzara V, Pinto P, La Grutta S, Pace E. Tyndallized bacteria prime bronchial epithelial cells to mount an effective innate immune response against infections. Hum Cell 2024; 37:1080-1090. [PMID: 38814518 PMCID: PMC11194193 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Airway epithelium represents a physical barrier against toxic substances and pathogens but also presents pattern recognition receptors on the epithelial cells that detect pathogens leading to molecule release and sending signals that activate both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Thus, impaired airway epithelial function and poor integrity may increase the recurrence of infections. Probiotic use in respiratory diseases as adjuvant of traditional therapy is increasingly widespread. There is growing interest in the use of non-viable heat-killed bacteria, such as tyndallized bacteria (TB), due to safety concerns and to their immunomodulatory properties. This study explores in vitro the effects of a TB blend on the immune activation of airway epithelium. 16HBE bronchial epithelial cells were exposed to different concentrations of TB. Cell viability, TB internalization, TLR2 expression, IL-6, IL-8 and TGF-βl expression/release, E-cadherin expression and wound healing were assessed. We found that TB were tolerated, internalized, increased TLR2, E-cadherin expression, IL-6 release and wound healing but decreased both IL-8 and TGF-βl release. In conclusion, TB activate TLR2 pathway without inducing a relevant pro-inflammatory response and improve barrier function, leading to the concept that TB preserve epithelial homeostasis and could be used as strategy to prevent and to manage respiratory infection, exacerbations included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Di Vincenzo
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa, 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina Di Sano
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa, 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia D'Anna
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa, 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Ferraro
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa, 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | - Velia Malizia
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa, 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andreina Bruno
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa, 90100, Palermo, Italy.
| | | | - Chiara Cipollina
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa, 90100, Palermo, Italy
- Rimed Foundation, 90100, Palermo, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Lazzara
- Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche, Aziendali E Statistiche-Università Degli Studi Di Palermo, 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Pinto
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Medicina Sperimentale e Forense-Università di Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania La Grutta
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa, 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa, 90100, Palermo, Italy
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Zhou L, Fang L, Roth M, Papakonstantinou E, Tamm M, Stolz D. Heat-Induced Secretion of Heat Shock Proteins 70 and 90 Does not Affect the Expression of the Glucocorticoid Receptor in Primary Airway Cells in COPD. Lung 2024; 202:235-243. [PMID: 38641747 PMCID: PMC11143057 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-024-00680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The response to glucocorticoids is hampered in many COPD patients by a yet unknown mechanism. Earlier we reported that short-term heat exposure of primary human bronchial epithelial cells (BEC) and airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC) of asthma patients increased the expression and secretion of extracellular heat shock proteins (eHSPs) resulting in increased expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in BEC and inhibition of ASMC remodeling. The aim of the present study was to assess if the same mechanism is also present in primary airway wall cells of COPD patients. METHODS Primary BEC and ASMC were established from endobronchial biopsies obtained from COPD patients (n = 73), who participated in the HISTORIC study, an investigator-initiated and driven clinical trial. Secretion and protein expression of HSPs was assessed by ELISA and Western blotting. Expression of total GR, its isoforms GRα and GRβ and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was determined by Western-blotting. RESULTS Short heat exposure (65 °C, 10 s) of BEC resulted in a significant increase of the secretion of eHSP70 and eHSP90, while the intracellular protein was not altered. Heat treatment or exposure to eHSP70 or eHSP90 had no effect on the expression of GR and GR-isoforms. However, eHSP70 and eHSP90 significantly reduced the expression of TLR4. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that primary airway cells from COPD patients respond differently to heat exposure and extracellular HSP70 or HSP90 than cells from asthma patients regarding the expression of GR and this may explain the reduced response to glucocorticoids in patients with COPD. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN11017699.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Roth
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eleni Papakonstantinou
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Tamm
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daiana Stolz
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland.
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland.
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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3
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Zayoud K, Chikhaoui A, Kraoua I, Tebourbi A, Najjar D, Ayari S, Safra I, Kraiem I, Turki I, Menif S, Yacoub-Youssef H. Immunity in the Progeroid Model of Cockayne Syndrome: Biomarkers of Pathological Aging. Cells 2024; 13:402. [PMID: 38474366 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that affects the DNA repair process. It is a progeroid syndrome predisposing patients to accelerated aging and to increased susceptibility to respiratory infections. Here, we studied the immune status of CS patients to determine potential biomarkers associated with pathological aging. CS patients, as well as elderly and young, healthy donors, were enrolled in this study. Complete blood counts for patients and donors were assessed, immune cell subsets were analyzed using flow cytometry, and candidate cytokines were analyzed via multi-analyte ELISArray kits. In CS patients, we noticed a high percentage of lymphocytes, an increased rate of intermediate and non-classical monocytes, and a high level of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8. In addition, we identified an increased rate of particular subtypes of T Lymphocyte CD8+ CD28- CD27-, which are senescent T cells. Thus, an inflammatory state was found in CS patients that is similar to that observed in the elderly donors and is associated with an immunosenescence status in both groups. This could explain the CS patients' increased susceptibility to infections, which is partly due to an aging-associated inflammation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khouloud Zayoud
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
| | - Asma Chikhaoui
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Ichraf Kraoua
- Department of Neuropediatrics, National Institute of Neurology Mongi Ben Hamida, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Anis Tebourbi
- Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery Department, Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa 2070, Tunisia
| | - Dorra Najjar
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Saker Ayari
- Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery Department, Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa 2070, Tunisia
| | - Ines Safra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology (LR16IPT07), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Imen Kraiem
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology (LR16IPT07), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Ilhem Turki
- Department of Neuropediatrics, National Institute of Neurology Mongi Ben Hamida, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Samia Menif
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology (LR16IPT07), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Houda Yacoub-Youssef
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, El Manar I, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
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Ferraro M, Di Vincenzo S, Lazzara V, Pinto P, Patella B, Inguanta R, Bruno A, Pace E. Formoterol Exerts Anti-Cancer Effects Modulating Oxidative Stress and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Processes in Cigarette Smoke Extract Exposed Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16088. [PMID: 38003276 PMCID: PMC10671675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer frequently affects patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Cigarette smoke (CS) fosters cancer progression by increasing oxidative stress and by modulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes in cancer cells. Formoterol (FO), a long-acting β2-agonist widely used for the treatment of COPD, exerts antioxidant activities. This study explored in a lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549) whether FO counteracted the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) relative to oxidative stress, inflammation, EMT processes, and cell migration and proliferation. A549 was stimulated with CSE and FO, ROS were evaluated by flow-cytometry and by nanostructured electrochemical sensor, EMT markers were evaluated by flow-cytometry and Real-Time PCR, IL-8 was evaluated by ELISA, cell migration was assessed by scratch and phalloidin test, and cell proliferation was assessed by clonogenic assay. CSE significantly increased the production of ROS, IL-8 release, cell migration and proliferation, and SNAIL1 expression but significantly decreased E-cadherin expression. FO reverted all these phenomena in CSE-stimulated A549 cells. The present study provides intriguing evidence that FO may exert anti-cancer effects by reverting oxidative stress, inflammation, and EMT markers induced by CS. These findings must be validated in future clinical studies to support FO as a valuable add-on treatment for lung cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ferraro
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (S.D.V.); (A.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Serena Di Vincenzo
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (S.D.V.); (A.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Valentina Lazzara
- Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche, Aziendali e Statistiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Paola Pinto
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Medicina Sperimentale e Forense, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Bernardo Patella
- Laboratorio di Chimica Fisica Applicata, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (B.P.); (R.I.)
| | - Rosalinda Inguanta
- Laboratorio di Chimica Fisica Applicata, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (B.P.); (R.I.)
| | - Andreina Bruno
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (S.D.V.); (A.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (S.D.V.); (A.B.); (E.P.)
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Craparo EF, Drago SE, Costabile G, Ferraro M, Pace E, Scaffaro R, Ungaro F, Cavallaro G. Sustained-Release Powders Based on Polymer Particles for Pulmonary Delivery of Beclomethasone Dipropionate in the Treatment of Lung Inflammation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041248. [PMID: 37111733 PMCID: PMC10144675 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhaled corticosteroids are the mainstay in the management of lung inflammation associated to chronic lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Nonetheless, available inhalation products are mostly short-acting formulations that require frequent administrations and do not always produce the desired anti-inflammatory effects. In this work, the production of inhalable beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) dry powders based on polymeric particles was attempted. As starting material, the PHEA-g-RhB-g-PLA-g-PEG copolymer was chosen, obtained by grafting 0.6, 2.4 and 3.0 mol%, respectively, of rhodamine (RhB), polylactic acid (PLA) and polyethylene glycol 5000 (PEG) on alpha,beta-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)DL-aspartamide (PHEA). The drug was loaded into the polymeric particles (MP) as an inclusion complex (CI) with hydroxypropyl-cyclodextrin (HP-β-Cyd) (at a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1) or as free form. The spray-drying (SD) process to produce MPs was optimized by keeping the polymer concentration (0.6 wt/vol%) constant in the liquid feed and by varying other parameters such as the drug concentration. The theoretical aerodynamic diameter (daer) values among the MPs are comparable and potentially suitable for inhalation, as confirmed also through evaluation of the experimental mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMADexp). BDP shows a controlled release profile from MPs that is significantly higher (more than tripled) than from Clenil®. In vitro tests on bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) and adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549) showed that all the MP samples (empty or drug-loaded) were highly biocompatible. None of the systems used induced apoptosis or necrosis. Moreover, the BDP loaded into the particles (BDP-Micro and CI-Micro) was more efficient than free BDP to counteract the effects of cigarette smoke and LPS on release of IL-6 and IL-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Fabiola Craparo
- Lab of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), UdR of Palermo, Via Giusti 9, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Emanuele Drago
- Lab of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriella Costabile
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Ferraro
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Scaffaro
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), UdR of Palermo, Via Giusti 9, 50125 Florence, Italy
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Ungaro
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gennara Cavallaro
- Lab of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), UdR of Palermo, Via Giusti 9, 50125 Florence, Italy
- Advanced Technology and Network Center (ATeN Center), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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6
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Gao J, Liang Y, Chen J, Shen H, Liu H. CXCR4 enhances the inhibitory effects of bone mesenchymal stem cells on lung cell apoptosis in a rat model of smoking-induced COPD. Apoptosis 2023; 28:639-652. [PMID: 36719470 PMCID: PMC9888343 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01800-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the 3rd leading cause of death worldwide, and the available treatments are unsatisfactory, resulting in a major economic burden. As cellular therapy is commonly used for lung disease, we investigated a treatment with CXCR4-overexpressing BMSCs in a COPD model. We extracted and purified Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from SD rats. COPD apoptosis model was established by cigarette smoke exposure. BMSCs (1 × 106 cells per injection)were transplanted in vivo twice a month during model establishment, and alveolar rupture in the lung was assessed. Lung cell apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) analysis, and the concentrations of apoptotic proteins in the lungs were detected by Western blotting. We successfully isolated BMSCs and established CXCR4-overexpressing BMSCs. qRT‒PCR and Western blotting detection both reveal that CXCR4 mRNA level and protein both significantly higher expression in CXCR4-BMSCs than the pBABE-BMSCs. Continuous cigarette smoke exposure caused alveolar septal rupture: In the model group, the alveolar mean linear intercept in the first month was significantly lower than that in the third month (p < 0.05). In the third month, the alveolar mean linear intercept values of the control and CXCR4-BMSC groups were lower than those of the model group (control group p < 0.01, CXCR4-BMSC group p < 0.05), and TUNEL staining revealed that the apoptosis rates of the control and CXCR4-BMSC groups were significantly lower than those of the model group (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the levels of the apoptotic proteins cleaved caspase-8, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP-1 were higher in the model group than in the control group (p < 0.05) and significantly lower in the CXCR4-BMSC group than in the model group (p < 0.05). The transplantation of CXCR4-overexpressing BMSCs during COPD model generation significantly inhibited apoptosis via the extrinsic apoptosis pathway. CXCR4 enhances the inhibitory effects of bone mesenchymal stem cells on lung cell apoptosis in a rat model of smoking-induced COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Gao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuli Liang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiabao Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huihui Shen
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Mesoporous Silica Particles Functionalized with Newly Extracted Fish Oil (Omeg@Silica) Reducing IL-8 Counteract Cell Migration in NSCLC Cell Lines. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102079. [PMID: 36297513 PMCID: PMC9609990 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading forms of cancer in developed countries. Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, exerts relevant effects in cancer growth and progression, including angiogenesis and metastasis in lung cancer. Mesoporous silica particles, functionalized with newly extracted fish oil (Omeg@Silica), are more effective than the fish oil alone in anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. The mechanisms that explain this efficacy are not yet understood. The aim of the present study is therefore to decipher the anti-cancer effects of a formulation of Omeg@Silica in aqueous ethanol (FOS) in adenocarcinoma (A549) and muco-epidermoid (NCI-H292) lung cancer cells, evaluating cell migration, as well as IL-8, NF-κB, and miRNA-21 expression. Results show that in both cell lines, FOS was more efficient than oil alone, in decreasing cell migration and IL-8 gene expression. FOS reduced IL-8 protein release in both cell lines, but this effect was only stronger than the oil alone in A549. In A549, FOS was able to reduce miRNA-21 and transcription factor NF-κB nuclear expression. Taken together, these data support the potential use of the Omeg@Silica as an add-on therapy for NSCLC. Dedicated studies which prove clinical efficacy are needed.
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Xu S, Zhou Y, Yu L, Huang X, Huang J, Wang K, Liu Z. Protective Effect of Eurotium cristatum Fermented Loose Dark Tea and Eurotium cristatum Particle on MAPK and PXR/AhR Signaling Pathways Induced by Electronic Cigarette Exposure in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142843. [PMID: 35889800 PMCID: PMC9318283 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Electronic-cigarette smoke (eCS) has been shown to cause a degree of oxidative stress and inflammatory damage in lung tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the repair mechanism of Eurotium cristatum fermented loose dark tea (ECT) and Eurotium cristatum particle metabolites (ECP) sifted from ECT after eCS-induced injury in mice. Sixty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a blank control group, an eCS model group, an eCS + 600 mg/kg ECP treatment group, an eCS + 600 mg/kg ECT treatment group, an eCS + 600 mg/kg ECP prevention group, and an eCS + 600 mg/kg ECT prevention group. The results show that ECP and ECT significantly reduced the eCS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation and improved histopathological changes in the lungs in mice with eCS-induced liver injury. Western blot analysis further revealed that ECP and ECT significantly inhibited the eCS-induced upregulation of the phosphorylation levels of the extracellular Regulated protein Kinases (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38MAPK) proteins, and significantly increased the eCS-induced downregulation of the expression levels of the pregnane X receptor (PXR) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) proteins. Conclusively, these findings show that ECP and ECT have a significant repairing effect on the damage caused by eCS exposure through the MAPK and PXR/AhR signaling pathways; ECT has a better effect on preventing eCS-induced injury and is suitable as a daily healthcare drink; ECP has a better therapeutic effect after eCS-induced injury, and might be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of eCS-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (K.W.)
| | - Yufei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (K.W.)
| | - Lijun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (K.W.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Crop, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xiangxiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (K.W.)
| | - Jianan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (K.W.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Crop, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Kunbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (K.W.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Crop, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.X.); (Y.Z.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (K.W.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Crop, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (Z.L.)
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Vieujean S, Caron B, Haghnejad V, Jouzeau JY, Netter P, Heba AC, Ndiaye NC, Moulin D, Barreto G, Danese S, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Impact of the Exposome on the Epigenome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients and Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7611. [PMID: 35886959 PMCID: PMC9321337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract that encompass two main phenotypes, namely Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. These conditions occur in genetically predisposed individuals in response to environmental factors. Epigenetics, acting by DNA methylation, post-translational histones modifications or by non-coding RNAs, could explain how the exposome (or all environmental influences over the life course, from conception to death) could influence the gene expression to contribute to intestinal inflammation. We performed a scoping search using Medline to identify all the elements of the exposome that may play a role in intestinal inflammation through epigenetic modifications, as well as the underlying mechanisms. The environmental factors epigenetically influencing the occurrence of intestinal inflammation are the maternal lifestyle (mainly diet, the occurrence of infection during pregnancy and smoking); breastfeeding; microbiota; diet (including a low-fiber diet, high-fat diet and deficiency in micronutrients); smoking habits, vitamin D and drugs (e.g., IBD treatments, antibiotics and probiotics). Influenced by both microbiota and diet, short-chain fatty acids are gut microbiota-derived metabolites resulting from the anaerobic fermentation of non-digestible dietary fibers, playing an epigenetically mediated role in the integrity of the epithelial barrier and in the defense against invading microorganisms. Although the impact of some environmental factors has been identified, the exposome-induced epimutations in IBD remain a largely underexplored field. How these environmental exposures induce epigenetic modifications (in terms of duration, frequency and the timing at which they occur) and how other environmental factors associated with IBD modulate epigenetics deserve to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Vieujean
- Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, University Hospital CHU of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium;
| | - Bénédicte Caron
- Department of Gastroenterology NGERE (INSERM U1256), Nancy University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54052 Nancy, France; (B.C.); (V.H.)
| | - Vincent Haghnejad
- Department of Gastroenterology NGERE (INSERM U1256), Nancy University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54052 Nancy, France; (B.C.); (V.H.)
| | - Jean-Yves Jouzeau
- CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research), Laboratoire IMoPA, Université de Lorraine, UMR 7365, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.-Y.J.); (P.N.); (D.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Patrick Netter
- CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research), Laboratoire IMoPA, Université de Lorraine, UMR 7365, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.-Y.J.); (P.N.); (D.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Anne-Charlotte Heba
- NGERE (Nutrition-Genetics and Exposure to Environmental Risks), National Institute of Health and Medical Research, University of Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.-C.H.); (N.C.N.)
| | - Ndeye Coumba Ndiaye
- NGERE (Nutrition-Genetics and Exposure to Environmental Risks), National Institute of Health and Medical Research, University of Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.-C.H.); (N.C.N.)
| | - David Moulin
- CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research), Laboratoire IMoPA, Université de Lorraine, UMR 7365, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.-Y.J.); (P.N.); (D.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research), Laboratoire IMoPA, Université de Lorraine, UMR 7365, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.-Y.J.); (P.N.); (D.M.); (G.B.)
- Lung Cancer Epigenetics, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla, Puebla 72000, Mexico
| | - Silvio Danese
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Department of Gastroenterology NGERE (INSERM U1256), Nancy University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54052 Nancy, France; (B.C.); (V.H.)
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Calzetta L, Pistocchini E, Ritondo BL, Cavalli F, Camardelli F, Rogliani P. Muscarinic receptor antagonists and airway inflammation: A systematic review on pharmacological models. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09760. [PMID: 35785239 PMCID: PMC9240991 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway inflammation is crucial in the pathogenesis of many respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Current evidence supports the beneficial impact of muscarinic receptor antagonists against airway inflammation from bench-to-bedside. Considering the numerous sampling approaches and the ethical implications required to study inflammation in vivo in patients, the use of pre-clinical models is inevitable. Starting from our recently published systematic review concerning the impact of muscarinic antagonists, we have systematically assessed the current pharmacological models of airway inflammation and provided an overview on the advances in in vitro and ex vivo approaches. The purpose of in vitro models is to recapitulate selected pathophysiological parameters or processes that are crucial to the development of new drugs within a controlled environment. Nevertheless, immortalized cell lines or primary airway cells present major limitations, including the inability to fully replicate the conditions of the corresponding cell types within a whole organism. Induced animal models are extensively used in research in the attempt to replicate a respiratory condition reflective of a human pathological state, although considering animal models with spontaneously occurring respiratory diseases may be more appropriate since most of the clinical features are accompanied by lung pathology resembling that of the human condition. In recent years, three-dimensional organoids have become an alternative to animal experiments, also because animal models are unable to fully mimic the complexity of human pulmonary diseases. Ex vivo studies performed on human isolated airways have a superior translational value compared to in vitro and animal models, as they retain the morphology and the microenvironment of the lung in vivo. In the foreseeable future, greater effort should be undertaken to rely on more physiologically relevant models, that provide translational value into clinic and have a direct impact on patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigino Calzetta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Corresponding author.
| | - Elena Pistocchini
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Ludovica Ritondo
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cavalli
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Camardelli
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
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11
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Cigarette smoke upregulates Notch-1 signaling pathway and promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression. Toxicol Lett 2021; 355:31-40. [PMID: 34748854 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Notch-1 pathway plays an important role in lung carcinoma, stem cell regulation, cellular communication, growth and differentiation. Cigarette smoke is involved in the regulation of Notch signaling. However, current data regarding the impact of cigarette smoke on the Notch pathway in lung cancer progression are limited. The present study aimed to explore whether cigarette smoke exposure altered Notch-1 pathway in ex-vivo (surgical samples of lung parenchyma from non-smoker and smoker patients with lung adenocarcinoma) and in vitro (adenocarcinoma A549 cell line) approaches. The expression of Notch-1, Jagged-1 and CD133 in surgical samples was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. A549 were exposed to cigarette smoke extracts (2.5% and 5% CSE for 6, 24 and 48 h) and the expression of Notch-1, Jagged-1 and Hes-1 was evaluated by Real-Time PCR and Western Blot (nuclear fractions). Expression and localization of Notch-1, Hes-1, CD133 and ABCG2 were assessed by immunofluorescence. The expression of survivin and Ki-67 was assessed by flow cytometry following CSE exposure and inhibition of Notch-1 signaling. Smokers lung parenchyma exhibited higher expression of Notch-1. CSE exposure increased Notch-1 and Hes-1 gene and nuclear protein expression in A549. Immunofluorescence confirmed higher expression of nuclear Hes-1 in CSE-stimulated A549 cells. CSE increased both survivin and Ki-67 expression and this effect was reverted by inhibition of the Notch-1 pathway. In conclusion, these data show that cigarette smoke may promote adenocarcinoma progression by activating the Notch-1 pathway thus supporting its role as hallmark of lung cancer progression and as a new target for lung cancer treatment.
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Loading of Beclomethasone in Liposomes and Hyalurosomes Improved with Mucin as Effective Approach to Counteract the Oxidative Stress Generated by Cigarette Smoke Extract. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11040850. [PMID: 33810420 PMCID: PMC8065961 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work beclomethasone dipropionate was loaded into liposomes and hyalurosomes modified with mucin to improve the ability of the payload to counteract the oxidative stress and involved damages caused by cigarette smoke in the airway. The vesicles were prepared by dispersing all components in the appropriate vehicle and sonicating them, thus avoiding the use of organic solvents. Unilamellar and bilamellar vesicles small in size (~117 nm), homogeneously dispersed (polydispersity index lower than 0.22) and negatively charged (~−11 mV), were obtained. Moreover, these vesicle dispersions were stable for five months at room temperature (~25 °C). In vitro studies performed using the Next Generation Impactor confirmed the suitability of the formulations to be nebulized as they were capable of reaching the last stages of the impactor that mimic the deeper airways, thus improving the deposition of beclomethasone in the target site. Further, biocompatibility studies performed by using 16HBE bronchial epithelial cells confirmed the high biocompatibility and safety of all the vesicles. Among the tested formulations, only mucin-hyalurosomes were capable of effectively counteracting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by cigarette smoke extract, suggesting that this formulation may represent a promising tool to reduce the damaging effects of cigarette smoke in the lung tissues, thus reducing the pathogenesis of cigarette smoke-associated diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, and cancer.
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13
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Calzetta L, Coppola A, Ritondo BL, Matino M, Chetta A, Rogliani P. The Impact of Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists on Airway Inflammation: A Systematic Review. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:257-279. [PMID: 33603353 PMCID: PMC7886086 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s285867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists (LAMAs) are the cornerstone for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); furthermore, tiotropium is approved as add-on therapy in severe asthmatic patients. Accumulating evidence suggests that LAMAs may modulate airway contractility and airway hyperresponsiveness not only by blocking muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAchRs) expressed on airway smooth muscle but also via anti-inflammatory mechanisms by blocking mAchRs expressed on inflammatory cells, submucosal glands, and epithelial cells. The aim of this systematic review, performed according to the PRISMA-P guidelines, was to provide a synthesis of the literature on the anti-inflammatory impact of muscarinic receptor antagonists in the airways. Most of the current evidence originates from studies on tiotropium, that demonstrated a reduction in synthesis and release of cytokines and chemokines, as well as the number of total and differential inflammatory cells, induced by different pro-inflammatory stimuli. Conversely, few data are currently available for aclidinium and glycopyrronium, whereas no studies on the potential anti-inflammatory effect of umeclidinium have been reported. Overall, a large body of evidence supports the beneficial impact of tiotropium against airway inflammation. Further well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to better elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms leading to the protective effect of LAMAs against exacerbations via identifying suitable biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigino Calzetta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Angelo Coppola
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital "Policlinico Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Ludovica Ritondo
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Matino
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Chetta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital "Policlinico Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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14
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Huang Q, Xiong H, Shuai T, Zhang M, Zhang C, Wang Y, Zhu L, Lu J, Liu J. Risk factors for new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10376. [PMID: 33344074 PMCID: PMC7718784 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with an accelerated decline in lung function, and a significant increase in mortality rate. A deeper understanding of the risk factors for new-onset AF during COPD will provide insights into the relationship between COPD and AF and guide clinical practice. This systematic review and meta-analysis is designed to identify risk factors for new-onset AF in patients with COPD, and to formulate recommendations for preventing AF in COPD patients that will assist clinical decision making. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies, which reported the results of potential risk factors for new-onset AF in COPD patients. RESULTS Twenty studies involving 8,072,043 participants were included. Fifty factors were examined as potential risk factors for new-onset AF during COPD. Risk factors were grouped according to demographics, comorbid conditions, and COPD- and cardiovascular-related factors. In quantitative analysis, cardiovascular- and demographic-related factors with a greater than 50% increase in the odds of new-onset AF included age (over 65 years and over 75 years), acute care encounter, coronary artery disease, heart failure and congestive heart failure. Only one factor is related to the reduction of odds by more than 33.3%, which is black race (vs white). In qualitative analysis, the comparison of the risk factors was conducted between COPD-associated AF and non-COPD-associated AF. Cardiovascular-related factors for non-COPD-associated AF were also considered as risk factors for new-onset AF during COPD; however, the influence tended to be stronger during COPD. In addition, comorbid factors identified in non-COPD-associated AF were not associated with an increased risk of AF during COPD. CONCLUSIONS New-onset AF in COPD has significant demographic characteristics. Older age (over 65 years), males and white race are at higher risk of developing AF. COPD patients with a history of cardiovascular disease should be carefully monitored for new-onset of AF, and appropriate preventive measures should be implemented. Even patients with mild COPD are at high risk of new-onset AF. This study shows that risk factors for new-onset AF during COPD are mainly those associated with the cardiovascular-related event and are not synonymous with comorbid factors for non-COPD-associated AF. The pathogenesis of COPD-associated AF may be predominantly related to the cardiac dysfunction caused by the chronic duration of COPD, which increases the risk of cardiovascular-related factors and further increases the risk of AF during COPD. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019137758.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangru Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, LanZhou, China
| | - Huaiyu Xiong
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, LanZhou, China
| | - Tiankui Shuai
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, LanZhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, LanZhou, China
| | - Chuchu Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, LanZhou, China
| | - Yalei Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, LanZhou, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, LanZhou, China
| | - Jiaju Lu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, LanZhou, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, LanZhou, China
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15
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Di Sano C, D'Anna C, Ferraro M, Chiappara G, Sangiorgi C, Di Vincenzo S, Bertani A, Vitulo P, Bruno A, Dino P, Pace E. Impaired activation of Notch-1 signaling hinders repair processes of bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke. Toxicol Lett 2020; 326:61-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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16
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Buscetta M, Di Vincenzo S, Miele M, Badami E, Pace E, Cipollina C. Cigarette smoke inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome and leads to caspase-1 activation via the TLR4-TRIF-caspase-8 axis in human macrophages. FASEB J 2020; 34:1819-1832. [PMID: 31914643 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901239r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is formed by the sensor NLRP3, the adaptor ASC, and pro-caspase-1. Assembly and activation of the inflammasome trigger caspase-1-dependent cleavage of pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 into their secreted forms. Cigarette smoke is a risk factor for chronic inflammatory diseases and is associated with macrophage dysfunction. The impact of cigarette smoke on NLRP3-dependent responses in macrophages is largely unknown. Herein, we investigated the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on the NLRP3 inflammasome in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and THP-1 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS plus the NLRP3 inflammasome activator ATP. We found that CSE inhibited the release of IL-1β and IL-18 as well as the expression of NLRP3 acting mainly at the transcriptional level. Interestingly, we found that CSE increased the caspase-1 activity via an NLRP3-independent and TLR4-TRIF-caspase-8-dependent pathway. Activation of caspase-1 by CSE led to a reduction of the basal glycolytic flux and impaired glycolytic burst in response to LPS. Overall, our findings unveil novel pathways leading to immune-metabolic alterations in human macrophages exposed to cigarette smoke. These mechanisms may contribute to macrophage dysfunction and increased risk of infection in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serena Di Vincenzo
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Monica Miele
- Fondazione Ri.MED, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione (IRCCS-ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - Ester Badami
- Fondazione Ri.MED, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione (IRCCS-ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Cipollina
- Fondazione Ri.MED, Palermo, Italy
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
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17
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Zong D, Liu X, Li J, Ouyang R, Chen P. The role of cigarette smoke-induced epigenetic alterations in inflammation. Epigenetics Chromatin 2019; 12:65. [PMID: 31711545 PMCID: PMC6844059 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-019-0311-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) is a major threat to human health worldwide. It is well established that smoking increases the risk of respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and different forms of cancer, including lung, liver, and colon. CS-triggered inflammation is considered to play a central role in various pathologies by a mechanism that stimulates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. During this process, epigenetic alterations are known to play important roles in the specificity and duration of gene transcription. Main text Epigenetic alterations include three major modifications: DNA modifications via methylation; various posttranslational modifications of histones, namely, methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination; and non-coding RNA sequences. These modifications work in concert to regulate gene transcription in a heritable fashion. The enzymes that regulate these epigenetic modifications can be activated by smoking, which further mediates the expression of multiple inflammatory genes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the epigenetic alterations triggered by CS and assess how such alterations may affect smoking-mediated inflammatory responses. Conclusion The recognition of the molecular mechanisms of the epigenetic changes in abnormal inflammation is expected to contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of CS-related diseases such that novel epigenetic therapies may be identified in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangming Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ruoyun Ouyang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. .,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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18
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Keeler DM, Grandal MK, McCall JR. Brevenal, a Marine Natural Product, is Anti-Inflammatory and an Immunomodulator of Macrophage and Lung Epithelial Cells. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17030184. [PMID: 30897777 PMCID: PMC6470468 DOI: 10.3390/md17030184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, and asthma, are some of the leading causes of illness and fatalities worldwide. The search for novel treatments led to the exploration of marine natural products as drug candidates to combat the debilitating effects of mucus accumulation and chronic inflammation. Previous research showed that an alga-derived compound, brevenal, could attenuate the effects of inflammatory agents, but the mechanisms by which it exerted its effects remained unclear. We investigated the effects of brevenal on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced cytokine/chemokine production from murine macrophages and human lung epithelial cells. It was found that brevenal reduces proinflammatory mediator secretion while preserving anti-inflammatory secretion from these cells. Furthermore, we found that brevenal does not alter cell surface Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression, thereby maintaining the cells' ability to respond to bacterial infection. However, brevenal does alter macrophage activation states, as demonstrated by reduced expression of both M1 and M2 phenotype markers, indicating this putative anti-inflammatory drug shifts innate immune cells to a less active state. Such a mechanism of action would be ideal for reducing inflammation in the lung, especially with patients suffering from chronic respiratory diseases, where inflammation can be lethal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon M Keeler
- UNCW Center for Marine Science, 5600 Marvin K Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA.
| | - Meghan K Grandal
- UNCW Center for Marine Science, 5600 Marvin K Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA.
| | - Jennifer R McCall
- UNCW Center for Marine Science, 5600 Marvin K Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA.
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