1
|
Herron ICT, Laws TR, Nelson M. Marmosets as models of infectious diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1340017. [PMID: 38465237 PMCID: PMC10921895 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1340017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal models of infectious disease often serve a crucial purpose in obtaining licensure of therapeutics and medical countermeasures, particularly in situations where human trials are not feasible, i.e., for those diseases that occur infrequently in the human population. The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a Neotropical new-world (platyrrhines) non-human primate, has gained increasing attention as an animal model for a number of diseases given its small size, availability and evolutionary proximity to humans. This review aims to (i) discuss the pros and cons of the common marmoset as an animal model by providing a brief snapshot of how marmosets are currently utilized in biomedical research, (ii) summarize and evaluate relevant aspects of the marmoset immune system to the study of infectious diseases, (iii) provide a historical backdrop, outlining the significance of infectious diseases and the importance of developing reliable animal models to test novel therapeutics, and (iv) provide a summary of infectious diseases for which a marmoset model exists, followed by an in-depth discussion of the marmoset models of two studied bacterial infectious diseases (tularemia and melioidosis) and one viral infectious disease (viral hepatitis C).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian C. T. Herron
- CBR Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kametani Y, Shiina T, Suzuki R, Sasaki E, Habu S. Comparative immunity of antigen recognition, differentiation, and other functional molecules: similarities and differences among common marmosets, humans, and mice. Exp Anim 2018; 67:301-312. [PMID: 29415910 PMCID: PMC6083031 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.17-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The common marmoset (CM; Callithrix jacchus) is a small New World monkey
with a high rate of pregnancy and is maintained in closed colonies as an experimental
animal species. Although CMs are used for immunological research, such as studies of
autoimmune disease and infectious disease, their immunological characteristics are less
defined than those of other nonhuman primates. We and others have analyzed antigen
recognition-related molecules, the development of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and the
molecules involved in the immune response. CMs systemically express Caja-G, a major
histocompatibility complex class I molecule, and the ortholog of HLA-G, a suppressive
nonclassical HLA class I molecule. HSCs express CD117, while CD34 is not essential for
multipotency. CD117+ cells developed into all hematopoietic cell lineages, but compared
with human HSCs, B cells did not extensively develop when HSCs were transplanted into an
immunodeficient mouse. Although autoimmune models have been successfully established,
sensitization of CMs with some bacteria induced a low protective immunity. In CMs, B cells
were observed in the periphery, but IgG levels were very low compared with those in humans
and mice. This evidence suggests that CM immunity is partially suppressed systemically.
Such immune regulation might benefit pregnancy in CMs, which normally deliver dizygotic
twins, the placentae of which are fused and the immune cells of which are mixed. In this
review, we describe the CM immune system and discuss the possibility of using CMs as a
model of human immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie Kametani
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Takashi Shiina
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Ryuji Suzuki
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-0392, Japan
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals,3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Sonoko Habu
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shimada S, Nunomura S, Mori S, Suemizu H, Itoh T, Takabayashi S, Okada Y, Yahata T, Shiina T, Katoh H, Suzuki R, Tani K, Ando K, Yagita H, Habu S, Sasaki E, Kametani Y. Common marmoset CD117+ hematopoietic cells possess multipotency. Int Immunol 2015; 27:567-77. [PMID: 25977306 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxv031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of the hematopoiesis of non-human primates is important to clarify the evolution of primate-specific hematopoiesis and immune regulation. However, the engraftment and development of the primate hematopoietic system are well-documented only in humans and are not clear in non-human primates. Callithrix jacchus (common marmoset, CM) is a New World monkey with a high rate of pregnancy and small size that lives in closed colonies. As stem cell factor (SCF) is an essential molecule for hematopoietic stem cell development in mice and humans, we focused on CD117, the SCF receptor, and examined whether CD117-expressing cells possess the hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell characteristics of newborn marmoset-derived hematopoietic cells that can develop into T cells and B cells. When CD117(+) cell fractions of the bone marrow were transplanted into immunodeficient NOD (non-obese diabetic)/Shi-scid, common γc-null (NOG) mice, these cells engrafted efficiently in the bone marrow and spleens of the NOG mice. The CD117(+) cells developed into myeloid lineage cells, CD20(+) B cells and CD3(+) T cells, which could express CM cytokines in vivo. The development of B cells did not precede that of T cells. The development of CD8(+) T cells was dominant in NOG mice. The engraftment was comparable for both CD117(+)CD34(+) cells and CD117(+)CD34(-) cells. These results suggest that the CD117(+) cell fraction can differentiate into all three cell lineages, and the development of marmoset immunity in the xenogeneic environment follows diverse developmental pathways compared with human immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Shimada
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nunomura
- Division of Molecular Cell Immunology, Advanced Medical Research Center, Nihon University Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuya Mori
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan Department of Hematology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | | | - Toshio Itoh
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Shuji Takabayashi
- Experimental Animals Institute, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okada
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Takashi Yahata
- Department of Hematology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Takashi Shiina
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Hideki Katoh
- Experimental Animals Institute, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ryuji Suzuki
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kenzaburo Tani
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ando
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sonoko Habu
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshie Kametani
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sasaki E. Prospects for genetically modified non-human primate models, including the common marmoset. Neurosci Res 2015; 93:110-5. [PMID: 25683291 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Genetically modified mice have contributed much to studies in the life sciences. In some research fields, however, mouse models are insufficient for analyzing the molecular mechanisms of pathology or as disease models. Often, genetically modified non-human primate (NHP) models are desired, as they are more similar to human physiology, morphology, and anatomy. Recent progress in studies of the reproductive biology in NHPs has enabled the introduction of exogenous genes into NHP genomes or the alteration of endogenous NHP genes. This review summarizes recent progress in the production of genetically modified NHPs, including the common marmoset, and future perspectives for realizing genetically modified NHP models for use in life sciences research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Sasaki
- Advanced Research Center, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Center of Applied Developmental Biology, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tatsumoto S, Adati N, Tohtoki Y, Sakaki Y, Boroviak T, Habu S, Okano H, Suemizu H, Sasaki E, Satake M. Development and characterization of cDNA resources for the common marmoset: one of the experimental primate models. DNA Res 2013; 20:255-62. [PMID: 23543116 PMCID: PMC3686431 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dst007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The common marmoset is a new world monkey, which has become a valuable experimental animal for biomedical research. This study developed cDNA libraries for the common marmoset from five different tissues. A total of 290 426 high-quality EST sequences were obtained, where 251 587 sequences (86.5%) had homology (1E−100) with the Refseqs of six different primate species, including human and marmoset. In parallel, 270 673 sequences (93.2%) were aligned to the human genome. When 247 090 sequences were assembled into 17 232 contigs, most of the sequences (218 857 or 15 089 contigs) were located in exonic regions, indicating that these genes are expressed in human and marmoset. The other 5578 sequences (or 808 contigs) mapping to the human genome were not located in exonic regions, suggesting that they are not expressed in human. Furthermore, a different set of 118 potential coding sequences were not similar to any Refseqs in any species, and, thus, may represent unknown genes. The cDNA libraries developed in this study are available through RIKEN Bio Resource Center. A Web server for the marmoset cDNAs is available at http://marmoset.nig.ac.jp/index.html, where each marmoset EST sequence has been annotated by reference to the human genome. These new libraries will be a useful genetic resource to facilitate research in the common marmoset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Tatsumoto
- RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nunomura S, Shimada S, Kametani Y, Yamada Y, Yoshioka M, Suemizu H, Ozawa M, Itoh T, Kono A, Suzuki R, Tani K, Ando K, Yagita H, Ra C, Habu S, Satake M, Sasaki E. Double expression of CD34 and CD117 on bone marrow progenitors is a hallmark of the development of functional mast cell of Callithrix jacchus (common marmoset). Int Immunol 2012; 24:593-603. [PMID: 22836021 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxs070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are developed from hematopoietic progenitor cells and play an important role in inflammation. Study of the kinetics of development and accumulation of primate MC in vivo is crucial for the control of human inflammatory diseases, as evolution of the immune system is quite rapid and inflammation including MC response is considered to be different between mouse and human. In the present study, we examined the development of MC from hematopoietic progenitors of Callithrix jacchus (common marmoset), an experimental animal of nonhuman primates. Bone marrow cells were fractionated for the expression of CD34 and CD117 by cell sorting. MCs were developed in vitro or by transplanting the cells to NOD/SCID/IL-2γc knockout (NOG) mice. In vitro culture of CD34(+)CD117(+) (double positive, DP) cells with stem cell factor could generate high-affinity Fc epsilon receptor (FcεR)-expressing CD117(+) cells with typical granules. The developed MC released β-hexosaminidase and produced leukotriene C(4) after the stimulation of FcεRI. Transplantation of DP cells gave rise to a marked expansion of CD34(-)CD45(+)CD117(+)FcεR(+) cells in NOG mice. They expressed transcripts encoding chymase 1 and tryptase β. Differentiation of CD34(-)CD117(+) cells to MCs was relatively limited compared with the DP cells, similarly to human MCs. These results suggest that this marmoset system provides a good model for human MC development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nunomura
- Department of Molecular Cell Immunology and Allergology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nikolaiev YS, Gilchuk PV, Gorbatiuk OB, Flyak AI, Labyntsev AJ, Irodov DM, Kolibo DV, Kordium VA. Polyclonal antibodies against the human cell surface CD34 marker. CYTOL GENET+ 2011. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452711030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
8
|
Bonelli P, Nicolussi P, Manetti R, Antuofermo E, Dattena M. Monoclonal antibodies against human CD34 antigens do not cross-react with ovine umbilical cord blood cells. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2010.e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piero Bonelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Sassari, Italy
| | - Paola Nicolussi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberto Manetti
- Istituto di Clinica Medica generale e Terapia medica, Università di Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Maria Dattena
- Dipartimento Ricerca nelle Produzioni Animali, AGRIS Sardegna, Olmedo (SS), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kametani Y, Suzuki D, Kohu K, Satake M, Suemizu H, Sasaki E, Ito T, Tamaoki N, Mizushima T, Ozawa M. Development of monoclonal antibodies for analyzing immune and hematopoietic systems of common marmoset. Exp Hematol 2009; 37:1318-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2009] [Revised: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
10
|
Ito R, Maekawa SI, Kawai K, Suemizu H, Suzuki S, Ishii H, Tanioka Y, Satake M, Yagita H, Habu S, Ito M. Novel monoclonal antibodies recognizing different subsets of lymphocytes from the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Immunol Lett 2008; 121:116-22. [PMID: 18977390 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2008.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Callithrix jacchus, the common marmoset, is a small new world primate that is considered effective as an experimental animal model for various human diseases. In this study, we generated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against common marmoset lymphocytes for immunological studies on the common marmoset. We established five hybridoma clones, 6C9, 10D7, 6F10, 7A4 and 5A1, producing anti-marmoset mAbs against cell surface antigens on marmoset T and/or B lymphocytes. We confirmed that 6C9 and 10D7 antibodies recognized CD45 antigen, and 6F10 antibody recognized CD8 antigen by flow cytometry using marmoset cDNA transfectants. We also tested them for application of immunoprecipitation, Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. We found that immunohistochemistry using marmoset spleen sections could be applied with all established mAbs but immunoprecipitation and the Western blot analysis could be applied with 6F10 and 10D7 antibodies but not with the other three mAbs. These results show that these monoclonal antibodies are useful for advancing immunological research on the common marmoset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Ito
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 1430 Nogawa, Miyamae, Kawasaki 216-0001, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ohta S, Ueda Y, Yaguchi M, Matsuzaki Y, Nakamura M, Toyama Y, Tanioka Y, Tamaoki N, Nomura T, Okano H, Kawakami Y, Toda M. Isolation and characterization of dendritic cells from common marmosets for preclinical cell therapy studies. Immunology 2007; 123:566-74. [PMID: 18005037 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02727.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) have important functions as modulators of immune responses, and their ability to activate T cells is of great value in cancer immunotherapy. The isolation of DCs from the peripheral blood of rhesus and African green monkeys has been reported, but the immune system in the common marmoset remains poorly characterized, although it offers many potential advantages for preclinical studies. In the present study, we devised methods, based on techniques developed for mouse and human DC preparation, for isolating DCs from three major tissue sources in the common marmoset: bone marrow (BM), spleen and peripheral blood. Each set of separated cells was analysed using the cell surface DC-associated markers CD11c, CD80, CD83, CD86 and human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR, all of which are antibodies against human antigens, and the cells were further characterized both functionally and morphologically as antigen-presenting cells. BM proved to be an excellent cell source for the isolation of DCs intended for preclinical studies on cell therapy, for which large quantities of cells are required. In the BM-derived CD11c(+) cell population, cells exhibiting the characteristic features of DCs were enriched, with the typical DC morphology and the abilities to undergo endocytosis, to secrete interleukin (IL)-12, and to stimulate Xenogenic T cells. Moreover, BM-derived DCs produced the neurotrophic factor NT-3, which is also found in murine splenic DCs. These results suggest that BM-derived DCs from the common marmoset may be useful for biological analysis and for preclinical studies on cell therapy for central nervous system diseases and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Ohta
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kurita R, Sasaki E, Yokoo T, Hiroyama T, Takasugi K, Imoto H, Izawa K, Dong Y, Hashiguchi T, Soda Y, Maeda T, Suehiro Y, Tanioka Y, Nakazaki Y, Tani K. Tal1/Scl Gene Transduction Using a Lentiviral Vector Stimulates Highly Efficient Hematopoietic Cell Differentiation from Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2006; 24:2014-22. [PMID: 16728561 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of embryonic stem cell (ESC) therapies requires the establishment of efficient methods to differentiate ESCs into specific cell lineages. Here, we report the in vitro differentiation of common marmoset (CM) (Callithrix jacchus) ESCs into hematopoietic cells after exogenous gene transfer using vesicular stomatitis virus-glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors. We transduced hematopoietic genes, including tal1/scl, gata1, gata2, hoxB4, and lhx2, into CM ESCs. By immunochemical and morphological analyses, we demonstrated that overexpression of tal1/scl, but not the remaining genes, dramatically increased hematopoiesis of CM ESCs, resulting in multiple blood-cell lineages. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that CD34, a hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell marker, was highly expressed in tal1/scl-overexpressing embryoid body cells. Similar results were obtained from three independent CM ESC lines. These results suggest that transduction of exogenous tal1/scl cDNA into ESCs is a promising method to induce the efficient differentiation of CM ESCs into hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kurita
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Division of Molecular and Clinical Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sakurai M, Furusawa T, Ikeda M, Hikono H, Shimizu S, Gotoh H, Kobayashi E, Momotani E. Anti-bovine CD34 monoclonal antibody reveals polymorphisms within coding region of the CD34 gene. Exp Hematol 2006; 34:905-13. [PMID: 16797418 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2006.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2005] [Revised: 04/13/2006] [Accepted: 04/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against CD34 are widely used for purification of CD34+ hematopoietic as well as nonhematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. We produced mAbs against bovine CD34 (boCD34) to facilitate the study of hematopoiesis in cattle. METHODS MAbs were produced by immunizing BALB/c mice with BALB/3T3 cells transfected with boCD34 cDNA. Staining of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) from 10 newborn Holstein calves with the mAbs was examined by flow cytometry. The nucleotide sequence of the coding region for boCD34 in each calf was determined after amplification of the cDNA by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). BoCD34 fusion proteins, each representing one of the boCD34 alleles found to exist in the calves, were expressed in HeLa cells by DNA transfection, and the staining of these proteins with the mAbs was assessed. RESULTS One mAb, N21, stained relatively high percentages of BMMNCs from 4 calves but failed to stain those from the other calves. RT-PCR analysis revealed single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the coding region, 3 of which led to amino-acid substitutions. A CD34 mutation experiment indicated that mAb N21 bound to a boCD34 allele with tryptophan at amino acid 167 but not to that with arginine. CONCLUSION By using mAb N21 as an allelic cell marker, it would be feasible to detect and isolate boCD34+ cell species derived from N21+ donors in N21- recipients following allogeneic in utero transplantation; this would make cattle potentially useful as large animal models with a unique experimental advantage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiharu Sakurai
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|