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Ozcicek I, Aysit N, Balcikanli Z, Ayturk NU, Aydeger A, Baydas G, Aydin MS, Altintas E, Erim UC. Development of BDNF/NGF/IKVAV Peptide Modified and Gold Nanoparticle Conductive PCL/PLGA Nerve Guidance Conduit for Regeneration of the Rat Spinal Cord Injury. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300453. [PMID: 38224015 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injuries are very common worldwide, leading to permanent nerve function loss with devastating effects in the affected patients. The challenges and inadequate results in the current clinical treatments are leading scientists to innovative neural regenerative research. Advances in nanoscience and neural tissue engineering have opened new avenues for spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment. In order for designed nerve guidance conduit (NGC) to be functionally useful, it must have ideal scaffold properties and topographic features that promote the linear orientation of damaged axons. In this study, it is aimed to develop channeled polycaprolactone (PCL)/Poly-D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) hybrid film scaffolds, modify their surfaces by IKVAV pentapeptide/gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) or polypyrrole (PPy) and investigate the behavior of motor neurons on the designed scaffold surfaces in vitro under static/bioreactor conditions. Their potential to promote neural regeneration after implantation into the rat SCI by shaping the film scaffolds modified with neural factors into a tubular form is also examined. It is shown that channeled groups decorated with AuNPs highly promote neurite orientation under bioreactor conditions and also the developed optimal NGC (PCL/PLGA G1-IKVAV/BDNF/NGF-AuNP50) highly regenerates SCI. The results indicate that the designed scaffold can be an ideal candidate for spinal cord regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Ozcicek
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34810, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34815, Turkey
| | - Nese Aysit
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34810, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34815, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Balcikanli
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34810, Turkey
| | - Nilufer Ulas Ayturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, 17020, Turkey
| | - Asel Aydeger
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34810, Turkey
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34815, Turkey
| | - Gulsena Baydas
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34810, Turkey
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34815, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34815, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Serif Aydin
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34810, Turkey
| | - Esra Altintas
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34810, Turkey
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34815, Turkey
| | - Umit Can Erim
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34810, Turkey
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34815, Turkey
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Bertelli JA, Rosa ICN, Ghizoni MF. Retrograde peripheral nerve regeneration from sensory to motor pathways in rats: a new experimental concept in nerve repair. Neurol Res 2024; 46:125-131. [PMID: 37729085 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2023.2258039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The polarity of nerve grafts does not interfere with axon growth. Our goal was to investigate whether axons can regenerate in a retrograde fashion within sensory pathways and then extend into motor pathways, leading to muscle reinnervation. METHODS Fifty-four rats were randomized into four groups. In Group 1, the ulnar nerve was connected end-to-end to the superficial radial nerve after neurectomy of the radial nerve in the axilla. In Group 2, the ulnar nerve was connected end-to-end to the radial nerve distal to the humerus; the radial nerve then was divided in the axilla. In Group 3, the radial nerve was divided in the axilla, but no nerve reconstruction was performed. In Group 4, the radial nerve was crushed in the axilla. Over 6 months, we behaviorally assessed the recovery of toe spread in the right operated-upon forepaw by lifting the rat by its tail and lowering it onto a flat surface. Six months after surgery, rats underwent reoperation, nerve transfers were tested electrophysiologically, and the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) was removed for histological evaluation. RESULTS Rats in the crush group recovered toe spread between 5 and 8 days after surgery. Rats with nerve transfers demonstrated electrophysiological and histological findings of nerve regeneration but no behavioral recovery. CONCLUSIONS Ulnar nerve axons regrew into the superficial radial nerve and then into the PIN to reinnervate the extensor digitorum communis. We were unable to demonstrate behavioral recovery because rats cannot readapt to cross-nerve transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayme A Bertelli
- Department of Surgery in lieu of Department of Surgical Techniques, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Isadora Carvalho Nunes Rosa
- Center of Biological and Health Sciences, University of the South of Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marcos F Ghizoni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, University of the South of Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Zou X, Dong Y, Alhaskawi A, Zhou H, Ezzi SHA, Kota VG, Abdulla MHAH, Abdalbary SA, Lu H, Wang C. Techniques and graft materials for repairing peripheral nerve defects. Front Neurol 2024; 14:1307883. [PMID: 38318237 PMCID: PMC10839026 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1307883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve defects refer to damage or destruction occurring in the peripheral nervous system, typically affecting the limbs and face. The current primary approaches to address peripheral nerve defects involve the utilization of autologous nerve transplants or the transplantation of artificial material. Nevertheless, these methods possess certain limitations, such as inadequate availability of donor nerve or unsatisfactory regenerative outcomes post-transplantation. Biomaterials have been extensively studied as an alternative approach to promote the repair of peripheral neve defects. These biomaterials include both natural and synthetic materials. Natural materials consist of collagen, chitosan, and silk, while synthetic materials consist of polyurethane, polylactic acid, and polycaprolactone. Recently, several new neural repair technologies have also been developed, such as nerve regeneration bridging technology, electrical stimulation technology, and stem cell therapy technology. Overall, biomaterials and new neural repair technologies provide new methods and opportunities for repairing peripheral nerve defects. However, these methods still require further research and development to enhance their effectiveness and feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanzhao Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ahmad Alhaskawi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiying Zhou
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong School of Biomedical Science, Shatin, China
| | | | | | | | - Sahar Ahmed Abdalbary
- Department of Orthopedic Physical Therapy, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Nahda University in Beni Suef, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changxin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Chen Y, Chai H, Li Z, Liu B, Tan M, Li S, Ma Y. Gut microbiota and their metabolite profiles following peripheral nerve xenotransplantation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18529. [PMID: 37554826 PMCID: PMC10404661 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal pathogens are associated with xenotransplantation tolerance and rejection. However, changes in the gut microbiota in patients who have undergone peripheral nerve xenotransplantation and their association with immune rejection have not yet been reported. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore intestinal microbes and their metabolites at different time points after peripheral nerve transplantation to provide new insight into improving transplant tolerance. METHODS A peripheral nerve xenotransplantation model was constructed by suturing the segmented nerves of Sprague Dawley rats to those of C57 male mice using xenotransplantation nerve bridging. Fecal samples and intestinal contents were collected at three time points: before surgery (Pre group; n = 10), 1 month after transplantation (Pos1 m group; n = 10), and 3 months after transplantation (Pos3 m group; n = 10) for 16S DNA sequencing and nontargeted metabolome detection. RESULTS Alpha diversity results suggested that species diversity was significantly downregulated after peripheral nerve xenotransplantation. There were six gut flora genera with significantly different expression levels after xenotransplantation: four were downregulated and two were upregulated. A comparison of the Pre vs. Pos1 m groups and the Pos1 m vs. Pos3 m groups revealed that the most significant differentially expressed Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes metabolite pathways were involved in phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, as well as histidine metabolism. Metabolites with a strong relationship to the differentially expressed microbial flora were identified. CONCLUSION Our study found lower gut microbiome diversity, with increased short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing and sulfate-reducing bacteria at 1 month post peripheral nerve xenotransplantation, and these were decreased at 3 months post-transplantation. The identification of specific bacterial metabolites is essential for recognizing potential diagnostic markers of xenotransplantation rejection or characterizing therapeutic targets to prevent post-transplant infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongguan People's Hospital (Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University), Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Huihui Chai
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510360, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongguan People's Hospital (Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University), Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongguan People's Hospital (Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University), Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Minxuan Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongguan People's Hospital (Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University), Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaopeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongguan People's Hospital (Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University), Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxia Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Kohle F, Ackfeld R, Hommen F, Klein I, Svačina MKR, Schneider C, Fink GR, Barham M, Vilchez D, Lehmann HC. Kinesin-5 inhibition improves neural regeneration in experimental autoimmune neuritis. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:139. [PMID: 37296476 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02822-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune neuropathies can result in long-term disability and incomplete recovery, despite adequate first-line therapy. Kinesin-5 inhibition was shown to accelerate neurite outgrowth in different preclinical studies. Here, we evaluated the potential neuro-regenerative effects of the small molecule kinesin-5 inhibitor monastrol in a rodent model of acute autoimmune neuropathies, experimental autoimmune neuritis. METHODS Experimental autoimmune neuritis was induced in Lewis rats with the neurogenic P2-peptide. At the beginning of the recovery phase at day 18, the animals were treated with 1 mg/kg monastrol or sham and observed until day 30 post-immunisation. Electrophysiological and histological analysis for markers of inflammation and remyelination of the sciatic nerve were performed. Neuromuscular junctions of the tibialis anterior muscles were analysed for reinnervation. We further treated human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived secondary motor neurons with monastrol in different concentrations and performed a neurite outgrowth assay. RESULTS Treatment with monastrol enhanced functional and histological recovery in experimental autoimmune neuritis. Motor nerve conduction velocity at day 30 in the treated animals was comparable to pre-neuritis values. Monastrol-treated animals showed partially reinnervated or intact neuromuscular junctions. A significant and dose-dependent accelerated neurite outgrowth was observed after kinesin-5 inhibition as a possible mode of action. CONCLUSION Pharmacological kinesin-5 inhibition improves the functional outcome in experimental autoimmune neuritis through accelerated motor neurite outgrowth and histological recovery. This approach could be of interest to improve the outcome of autoimmune neuropathy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kohle
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Robin Ackfeld
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Franziska Hommen
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ines Klein
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin K R Svačina
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Schneider
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Cognitive Neuroscience, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Mohammed Barham
- Department II of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Vilchez
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Helmar C Lehmann
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Leverkusen, Leverkusen, Germany
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Zhang Z, Lv Y, Harati J, Song J, Du P, Ou P, Liang J, Wang H, Wang PY. Submicron-Grooved Films Modulate the Directional Alignment and Biological Function of Schwann Cells. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14050238. [PMID: 37233348 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14050238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Topographical cues on material surfaces are crucial for guiding the behavior of nerve cells and facilitating the repair of peripheral nerve defects. Previously, micron-grooved surfaces have shown great potential in controlling nerve cell alignment for studying the behavior and functions of those cells and peripheral nerve regeneration. However, the effects of smaller-sized topographical cues, such as those in the submicron- and nano-scales, on Schwann cell behavior remain poorly understood. In this study, four different submicron-grooved polystyrene films (800/400, 800/100, 400/400, and 400/100) were fabricated to study the behavior, gene expression, and membrane potential of Schwann cells. The results showed that all submicron-grooved films could guide the cell alignment and cytoskeleton in a groove depth-dependent manner. Cell proliferation and cell cycle assays revealed that there was no significant difference between the submicron groove samples and the flat control. However, the submicron grooves can direct the migration of cells and upregulate the expression of critical genes in axon regeneration and myelination (e.g., MBP and Smad6). Finally, the membrane potential of the Schwann cells was significantly altered on the grooved sample. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the role of submicron-grooved patterns in regulating the behavior and function of Schwann cells, which provides unique insights for the development of implants for peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanliang Lv
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Javad Harati
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianan Song
- Oujiang Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ping Du
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peiyan Ou
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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García-García ÓD, El Soury M, Campos F, Sánchez-Porras D, Geuna S, Alaminos M, Gambarotta G, Chato-Astrain J, Raimondo S, Carriel V. Comprehensive ex vivo and in vivo preclinical evaluation of novel chemo enzymatic decellularized peripheral nerve allografts. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1162684. [PMID: 37082209 PMCID: PMC10111265 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1162684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a reliable alternative to autografts, decellularized peripheral nerve allografts (DPNAs) should mimic the complex microstructure of native nerves and be immunogenically compatible. Nevertheless, there is a current lack of decellularization methods able to remove peripheral nerve cells without significantly altering the nerve extracellular matrix (ECM). The aims of this study are firstly to characterize ex vivo, in a histological, biochemical, biomechanical and ultrastructural way, three novel chemical-enzymatic decellularization protocols (P1, P2 and P3) in rat sciatic nerves and compared with the Sondell classic decellularization method and then, to select the most promising DPNAs to be tested in vivo. All the DPNAs generated present an efficient removal of the cellular material and myelin, while preserving the laminin and collagen network of the ECM (except P3) and were free from any significant alterations in the biomechanical parameters and biocompatibility properties. Then, P1 and P2 were selected to evaluate their regenerative effectivity and were compared with Sondell and autograft techniques in an in vivo model of sciatic defect with a 10-mm gap, after 15 weeks of follow-up. All study groups showed a partial motor and sensory recovery that were in correlation with the histological, histomorphometrical and ultrastructural analyses of nerve regeneration, being P2 the protocol showing the most similar results to the autograft control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Darío García-García
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Doctoral Program in Biomedicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Marwa El Soury
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Fernando Campos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-Porras
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Stefano Geuna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Miguel Alaminos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Giovanna Gambarotta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Jesús Chato-Astrain
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- *Correspondence: Jesús Chato-Astrain, ; Víctor Carriel,
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Víctor Carriel
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- *Correspondence: Jesús Chato-Astrain, ; Víctor Carriel,
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Sarhane KA, Qiu C, Harris TG, Hanwright PJ, Mao HQ, Tuffaha SH. Translational bioengineering strategies for peripheral nerve regeneration: opportunities, challenges, and novel concepts. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1229-1234. [PMID: 36453398 PMCID: PMC9838159 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.358616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries remain a challenging problem in need of better treatment strategies. Despite best efforts at surgical reconstruction and postoperative rehabilitation, patients are often left with persistent, debilitating motor and sensory deficits. There are currently no therapeutic strategies proven to enhance the regenerative process in humans. A clinical need exists for the development of technologies to promote nerve regeneration and improve functional outcomes. Recent advances in the fields of tissue engineering and nanotechnology have enabled biomaterial scaffolds to modulate the host response to tissue repair through tailored mechanical, chemical, and conductive cues. New bioengineered approaches have enabled targeted, sustained delivery of protein therapeutics with the capacity to unlock the clinical potential of a myriad of neurotrophic growth factors that have demonstrated promise in enhancing regenerative outcomes. As such, further exploration of combinatory strategies leveraging these technological advances may offer a pathway towards clinically translatable solutions to advance the care of patients with peripheral nerve injuries. This review first presents the various emerging bioengineering strategies that can be applied for the management of nerve gap injuries. We cover the rationale and limitations for their use as an alternative to autografts, focusing on the approaches to increase the number of regenerating axons crossing the repair site, and facilitating their growth towards the distal stump. We also discuss the emerging growth factor-based therapeutic strategies designed to improve functional outcomes in a multimodal fashion, by accelerating axonal growth, improving the distal regenerative environment, and preventing end-organs atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim A. Sarhane
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peripheral Nerve Research Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chenhu Qiu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA,Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas G.W. Harris
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peripheral Nerve Research Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Philip J. Hanwright
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peripheral Nerve Research Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hai-Quan Mao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA,Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sami H. Tuffaha
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peripheral Nerve Research Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Correspondence to: Sami H. Tuffaha, .
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Chitosan Micro-Grooved Membranes with Increased Asymmetry for the Improvement of the Schwann Cell Response in Nerve Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157901. [PMID: 34360664 PMCID: PMC8348329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries are a common condition in which a nerve is damaged, affecting more than one million people every year. There are still no efficient therapeutic treatments for these injuries. Artificial scaffolds can offer new opportunities for nerve regeneration applications; in this framework, chitosan is emerging as a promising biomaterial. Here, we set up a simple and effective method for the production of micro-structured chitosan films by solvent casting, with high fidelity in the micro-pattern reproducibility. Three types of chitosan directional micro-grooved patterns, presenting different levels of symmetricity, were developed for application in nerve regenerative medicine: gratings (GR), isosceles triangles (ISO) and scalene triangles (SCA). The directional patterns were tested with a Schwann cell line. The most asymmetric topography (SCA), although it polarized the cell shaping less efficiently, promoted higher cell proliferation and a faster cell migration, both individually and collectively, with a higher directional persistence of motion. Overall, the use of micro-structured asymmetrical directional topographies may be exploited to enhance the nerve regeneration process mediated by chitosan scaffolds.
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10
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Fiani B, Reardon T, Ayres B, Cline D, Sitto SR. An Examination of Prospective Uses and Future Directions of Neuralink: The Brain-Machine Interface. Cureus 2021; 13:e14192. [PMID: 33936901 PMCID: PMC8083990 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain is one of the most mystifying biological structures in nature. Overwhelming research, technology, and innovations in neuroscience have augmented clinical assessments, diagnosis, and treatment capabilities. Nonetheless, there is still much to be discovered about nervous system disorders and defects. Neuralink, a neurotechnology company, is advancing the field of neuroscience and neuroengineering. The company’s initial aim is to develop an implantable brain-machine interface device that will enhance the lives of people with severe brain and spinal cord injuries. Here, we provide insight into Neuralink’s design, early testing, and future applications in neurosurgery. While early testing with small and large animals show promising results, no clinical trials have been conducted to date. Additionally, a term search for “Neuralink” was performed in PubMed. The literature search yielded only 28 references, of which most indirectly mentioned the device but not in direct testing. In order to conclude the safety and viability of the Neuralink device, further research studies are needed to move forward beyond speculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Fiani
- Neurosurgery, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, USA
| | - Taylor Reardon
- Medicine, University of Pikeville-Kentucky College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pikeville, USA
| | - Benjamin Ayres
- Medicine, University of Pikeville-Kentucky College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pikeville, USA
| | - David Cline
- Medicine, University of Pikeville-Kentucky College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pikeville, USA
| | - Sarah R Sitto
- Medicine, Lyman Briggs College, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
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11
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A reformed “release hypothesis” for Marcus Gunn Syndrome, based on newer clinic observations and experimental evidences. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Eggers R, de Winter F, Tannemaat MR, Malessy MJA, Verhaagen J. GDNF Gene Therapy to Repair the Injured Peripheral Nerve. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:583184. [PMID: 33251197 PMCID: PMC7673415 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.583184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A spinal root avulsion is the most severe proximal peripheral nerve lesion possible. Avulsion of ventral root filaments disconnects spinal motoneurons from their target muscles, resulting in complete paralysis. In patients that undergo brachial plexus nerve repair, axonal regeneration is a slow process. It takes months or even years to bridge the distance from the lesion site to the distal targets located in the forearm. Following ventral root avulsion, without additional pharmacological or surgical treatments, progressive death of motoneurons occurs within 2 weeks (Koliatsos et al., 1994). Reimplantation of the avulsed ventral root or peripheral nerve graft can act as a conduit for regenerating axons and increases motoneuron survival (Chai et al., 2000). However, this beneficial effect is transient. Combined with protracted and poor long-distance axonal regeneration, this results in permanent function loss. To overcome motoneuron death and improve functional recovery, several promising intervention strategies are being developed. Here, we focus on GDNF gene-therapy. We first introduce the experimental ventral root avulsion model and discuss its value as a proxy to study clinical neurotmetic nerve lesions. Second, we discuss our recent studies showing that GDNF gene-therapy is a powerful strategy to promote long-term motoneuron survival and improve function when target muscle reinnervation occurs within a critical post-lesion period. Based upon these observations, we discuss the influence of timing of the intervention, and of the duration, concentration and location of GDNF delivery on functional outcome. Finally, we provide a perspective on future research directions to realize functional recovery using gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Eggers
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fred de Winter
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martijn R Tannemaat
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martijn J A Malessy
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Laboratory for Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognition Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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13
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Tsuang FY, Chen MH, Lin FH, Yang MC, Liao CJ, Chang WH, Sun JS. Partial enzyme digestion facilitates regeneration of crushed nerve in rat. Transl Neurosci 2020; 11:251-263. [PMID: 33335765 PMCID: PMC7711954 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is a life-changing disability with significant socioeconomic consequences. In this rat model, we propose that partial enzyme digestion can facilitate the functional recovery of a crushed nerve. The sciatic nerves were harvested and in vitro cultured with the addition of Liberase to determine the appropriate enzyme amount in the hyaluronic acid (HA) membrane. Then, the sciatic nerve of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats was exposed, crushed, and then treated with partial enzyme digestion (either 0.001 or 0.002 unit/mm2 Liberase-HA membrane). The sciatic function index (SFI) for functional recovery of the sciatic nerve was evaluated. After 2 h of in vitro digestion, fascicles and axons were separated from each other, with the cells mobilized. Greater destruction of histology structures occurred in the high enzyme (Liberase-HA membrane at 0.002 unit/mm2) group at 24 h than in the low enzyme (0.001 unit/mm2) group at 48 h. In the SFI evaluation, the improvement in 0.001 unit/mm2 Liberase group was significantly better than control and 0.002 unit/mm2 Liberase group. Our study demonstrated that appropriate enzyme digestion had a significantly faster and earlier recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fon-Yih Tsuang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, WanFang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Medical Engineering, National Health Research Institute, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chia Yang
- Orthopedic Device Technology Division, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu County, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Liao
- Orthopedic Device Technology Division, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu County, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsiang Chang
- Orthopedic Device Technology Division, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu County, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Sheng Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Peripheral Nerve Single-Cell Analysis Identifies Mesenchymal Ligands that Promote Axonal Growth. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0066-20.2020. [PMID: 32349983 PMCID: PMC7294463 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0066-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerves provide a supportive growth environment for developing and regenerating axons and are essential for maintenance and repair of many non-neural tissues. This capacity has largely been ascribed to paracrine factors secreted by nerve-resident Schwann cells. Here, we used single-cell transcriptional profiling to identify ligands made by different injured rodent nerve cell types and have combined this with cell-surface mass spectrometry to computationally model potential paracrine interactions with peripheral neurons. These analyses show that peripheral nerves make many ligands predicted to act on peripheral and CNS neurons, including known and previously uncharacterized ligands. While Schwann cells are an important ligand source within injured nerves, more than half of the predicted ligands are made by nerve-resident mesenchymal cells, including the endoneurial cells most closely associated with peripheral axons. At least three of these mesenchymal ligands, ANGPT1, CCL11, and VEGFC, promote growth when locally applied on sympathetic axons. These data therefore identify an unexpected paracrine role for nerve mesenchymal cells and suggest that multiple cell types contribute to creating a highly pro-growth environment for peripheral axons.
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Sharma A, Faubion WA, Dietz AB. Regenerative Materials for Surgical Reconstruction: Current Spectrum of Materials and a Proposed Method for Classification. Mayo Clin Proc 2019; 94:2099-2116. [PMID: 31515102 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic wound management is an enormous economic strain and quality-of-life issue for patients. Current treatments are ineffective or expensive and invasive. Materials (native and artificial) can act as the basis to enhance wound repair but often fall short of complete healing. The therapeutic index of materials have often been enhanced by combining them with drug or biologic elution technologies. Combination of materials with living drugs (cells) presents a new paradigm for enhancing therapy. Cell material interaction and therapeutic output will depend on variables ascribed to the living drug as well as variables ascribed to the underlying matrix. In this article, we review medical matrices currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that would likely be the first generation of materials to be used in this manner. Currently there are hundreds of different materials on the market. Identification of the right combinations would benefit from a classification scheme to group materials with similar composition or derivation. We provide a classification scheme and FDA documentation references that should provide researchers and clinicians a starting point for testing these materials in the laboratory and rapidly transitioning cell therapies to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushman Sharma
- Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - William A Faubion
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Allan B Dietz
- Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Division of Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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Philips C, Cornelissen M, Carriel V. Evaluation methods as quality control in the generation of decellularized peripheral nerve allografts. J Neural Eng 2019; 15:021003. [PMID: 29244032 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aaa21a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the high incidence of peripheral nerve injuries and the low success ratio of surgical treatments are driving research to the generation of novel alternatives to repair critical nerve defects. In this sense, tissue engineering has emerged as a possible alternative with special attention to decellularization techniques. Tissue decellularization offers the possibility to obtain a cell-free, natural extracellular matrix (ECM), characterized by an adequate 3D organization and proper molecular composition to repair different tissues or organs, including peripheral nerves. One major problem, however, is that there are no standard quality control methods to evaluate decellularized tissues. Therefore, in this review, a brief description of current strategies for peripheral nerve repair is given, followed by an overview of different decellularization methods used for peripheral nerves. Furthermore, we extensively discuss the available and currently used methods to demonstrate the success of tissue decellularization in terms of the cell removal, preservation of essential ECM molecules and maintenance or modification of biomechanical properties. Finally, orientative guidelines for the evaluation of decellularized peripheral nerve allografts are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlot Philips
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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García‐Piqueras J, Carcaba L, García‐Mesa Y, Feito J, García B, Viña E, Suárez‐Quintanilla J, Cobo J, Vega JA, García‐Suárez O. Chondroitin Sulfate in Human Cutaneous Meissner and Pacinian Sensory Corpuscles. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 302:325-331. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge García‐Piqueras
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología CelularGrupo SINPOS Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo Spain
| | - Lucia Carcaba
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología CelularGrupo SINPOS Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo Spain
| | - Yolanda García‐Mesa
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología CelularGrupo SINPOS Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo Spain
| | - Jorge Feito
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología CelularGrupo SINPOS Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo Spain
- Servicio de Anatomía PatológicaHospital Universitario de Salamanca Salamanca Spain
| | - Beatriz García
- Departamento de Biología FuncionalUniversidad de Oviedo Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario Fernández‐VegaUniversidad de Oviedo, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica Oviedo Spain
| | - E. Viña
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología CelularGrupo SINPOS Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo Spain
- Servicio de Cuidados IntensivosHospital de Cabueñes Gijón Spain
| | - Juan Suárez‐Quintanilla
- Departamento de Ciencias MorfológicasUniversidad de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Juan Cobo
- Instituto Asturiano de Odontología Oviedo Spain
- Departamento de Cirugía y Especialidades Médico‐QuirúrgicasUniversidad de Oviedo Oviedo Spain
| | - Jose A. Vega
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología CelularGrupo SINPOS Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de Chile Chile
| | - Olivia García‐Suárez
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología CelularGrupo SINPOS Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario Fernández‐VegaUniversidad de Oviedo, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica Oviedo Spain
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18
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Fu HD, Wang S, Ge B, Li LQ, Zeng HM, Shu QF, Zhou Y. Nerve growth factor and substance P may be involved in moist exposed burn ointment-mediated chronic refractory wound healing. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1987-1993. [PMID: 30186429 PMCID: PMC6122316 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Moist exposed burn ointment (MEBO) is becoming increasingly popular in China as it shortens wound-healing time and reduces scar formation. However, its exact mechanism in mediating the wound-healing process is not yet clear. In the present study a total of 90 healthy adult male Wistar rats of specific-pathogen-free grade were divided equally into a control group, wound group, MEBO group, recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor (rb-bFGF) group and sham operation group. Wound healing was observed from the extracted granulation tissues and recorded at three time points on 3, 7 and 14 days. Different levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in tissue homogenate were detected using ELISA. Western blot analysis and quantitative PCR were used to detect the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), substance P (SP) as well as tyrosine kinase A (TrkA) receptor protein and the corresponding mRNA levels in granulation tissue. It was observed that the wound healing progressed faster in the MEBO and rb-bFGF groups compared with the wound group (P<0.01). TNF-α and IL-6 had an upward-downward trend at three time points, with the wound group demonstrating the most obvious increase (P<0.01). NGF and SP mRNA and protein levels in granulation tissue in MEBO, rb-bFGF and sham operation groups reached their highest levels on day 7 and then decreased on day 14. The expression level of TrkA was also measured simultaneously and its expression pattern was similar to that of NGF and SP. These results suggested that MEBO may promote nerve repair and accelerate wound healing through mediating the expression levels of NGF and SP, as well as TrkA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-De Fu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Shu Wang
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Ge
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Qing Li
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China.,Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Meng Zeng
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Feng Shu
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
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19
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The multiple functions of melatonin in regenerative medicine. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 45:33-52. [PMID: 29630951 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin research has been experiencing hyper growth in the last two decades; this relates to its numerous physiological functions including anti-inflammation, oncostasis, circadian and endocrine rhythm regulation, and its potent antioxidant activity. Recently, a large number of studies have focused on the role of melatonin in the regeneration of cells or tissues after their partial loss. In this review, we discuss the recent findings on the molecular involvement of melatonin in the regeneration of various tissues including the nervous system, liver, bone, kidney, bladder, skin, and muscle, among others.
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Zou JL, Sun JH, Qiu S, Chen SH, He FL, Li JC, Mao HQ, Liu XL, Quan DP, Zeng YS, Zhu QT. Spatial distribution affects the role of CSPGs in nerve regeneration via the actin filament-mediated pathway. Exp Neurol 2018; 307:37-44. [PMID: 29852179 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CSPGs are components of the extracellular matrix in the nervous system, where they serve as cues for axon guidance during development. After a peripheral nerve injury, CSPGs switch roles and become axon inhibitors and become diffusely distributed at the injury site. To investigate whether the spatial distribution of CSPGs affects their role, we combined in vitro DRG cultures with CSPG stripe or coverage assays to simulate the effect of a patterned substrate or dispersive distribution of CSPGs on growing neurites. We observed neurite steering at linear CSPG interfaces and neurite inhibition when diffused CSPGs covered the distal but not the proximal segment of the neurite. The repellent and inhibitory effects of CSPGs on neurite outgrowth were associated with the disappearance of focal actin filaments on growth cones. The application of an actin polymerization inducer, jasplakinolide, allowed neurites to break through the CSPG boundary and grow on CSPG-coated surfaces. The results of our study collectively reveal a novel mechanism that explains how the spatial distribution of CSPGs determines whether they act as a cue for axon guidance or as an axon-inhibiting factor. Increasing our understanding of this issue may promote the development of novel therapeutic strategies that regulate the spatial distributions of CSPGs to use them as an axon guidance cue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Long Zou
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jia-Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Shuai Qiu
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shi-Hao Chen
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510127, China
| | - Fu-Lin He
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jia-Chun Li
- Orthopedics Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Hai-Quan Mao
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Xiao-Lin Liu
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue-engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Da-Ping Quan
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510127, China
| | - Yuan-Shan Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Qing-Tang Zhu
- Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Peripheral Nerve Tissue-engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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21
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Huynh LM, Osann K, Skarecky D, Ahlering TE. Predictive modelling of 2-year potency outcomes using a novel 90-day erection fullness scale after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. BJU Int 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/bju.14190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda M. Huynh
- Department of Urology; Irvine Medical Center; University of California; Orange CA USA
| | - Kathryn Osann
- Department of Urology; Irvine Medical Center; University of California; Orange CA USA
| | - Douglas Skarecky
- Department of Urology; Irvine Medical Center; University of California; Orange CA USA
| | - Thomas E. Ahlering
- Department of Urology; Irvine Medical Center; University of California; Orange CA USA
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22
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Mozafari R, Kyrylenko S, Castro MV, Ferreira RS, Barraviera B, Oliveira ALR. Combination of heterologous fibrin sealant and bioengineered human embryonic stem cells to improve regeneration following autogenous sciatic nerve grafting repair. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2018; 24:11. [PMID: 29681920 PMCID: PMC5897995 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-018-0147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral nerve injury is a worldwide clinical problem, and the preferred surgical method for treating it is the end-to-end neurorrhaphy. When it is not possible due to a large nerve gap, autologous nerve grafting is used. However, these surgical techniques result in nerve regeneration at highly variable degrees. It is thus very important to seek complementary techniques to improve motor and sensory recovery. One promising approach could be cell therapy. Transplantation therapy with human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is appealing because these cells are pluripotent and can differentiate into specialized cell types and have self-renewal ability. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to find conditions under which functional recovery is improved after sciatic nerve neurorrhaphy. We assumed that hESC, either alone or in combination with heterologous fibrin sealant scaffold, could be used to support regeneration in a mouse model of sciatic nerve injury and repair via autografting with end-to-end neurorrhaphy. Methods Five millimeters of the sciatic nerve of C57BL/6 J mice were transected off and rotated 180 degrees to simulate an injury, and then stumps were sutured. Next, we applied heterologous fibrin sealant and/or human embryonic stem cells genetically altered to overexpress fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) at the site of the injury. The study was designed to include six experimental groups comprising neurorrhaphy (N), neurorrhaphy + heterologous fibrin sealant (N + F), neurorrhaphy + heterologous fibrin sealant + doxycycline (N + F + D), neurorrhaphy + heterologous fibrin sealant + wild-type hESC (N + F + W), neurorrhaphy + heterologous fibrin sealant + hESC off (N + F + T), and neurorrhaphy + heterologous fibrin sealant + hESC on via doxycycline (N + F + D + T). We evaluated the recovery rate using Catwalk and von Frey functional recovery tests, as well as immunohistochemistry analysis. Results The experiments indicated that sensory function improved when transgenic hESCs were used. The regeneration of sensory fibers indeed led to increased reflexes, upon stimulation of the paw ipsilateral to the lesion, as seen by von-Frey evaluation, which was supported by immunohistochemistry. Conclusions Overall, the present data demonstrated that transgenic embryonic stem cells, engineered to overexpress FGF-2 in an inducible fashion, could be employed to support regeneration aiming at the recovery of both motor and sensory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Mozafari
- 1Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Campinas, SP CEP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Sergiy Kyrylenko
- 2Department of Public Health, Medical Institute of Sumy State University, Sumy, 40007 Ukraine
| | - Mateus Vidigal Castro
- 1Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Campinas, SP CEP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- 3Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- 3Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Alexandre Leite Rodrigues Oliveira
- 1Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Campinas, SP CEP 13083-970 Brazil
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23
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Graham JB, Muir D. Chondroitinase C Selectively Degrades Chondroitin Sulfate Glycosaminoglycans that Inhibit Axonal Growth within the Endoneurium of Peripheral Nerve. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167682. [PMID: 27973564 PMCID: PMC5156433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of peripheral nerve regeneration is highly dependent on the regrowth of axons within the endoneurial basal lamina tubes that promote target-oriented pathfinding and appropriate reinnervation. Restoration of nerve continuity at this structural level after nerve transection injury by direct repair and nerve grafting remains a major surgical challenge. Recently, biological approaches that alter the balance of growth inhibitors and promoters in nerve have shown promise to improve appropriate axonal regeneration and recovery of peripheral nerve function. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are known inhibitors of axonal growth. This growth inhibition is mainly associated with a CSPG's glycosaminoglycan chains. Enzymatic degradation of these chains with chondroitinase eliminates this inhibitory activity and, when applied in vivo, can improve the outcome of nerve repair. To date, these encouraging findings were obtained with chondroitinase ABC (a pan-specific chondroitinase). The aim of this study was to examine the distribution of CSPG subtypes in rodent, rabbit, and human peripheral nerve and to test more selective biological enzymatic approaches to improve appropriate axonal growth within the endoneurium and minimize aberrant growth. Here we provide evidence that the endoneurium, but not the surrounding epineurium, is rich in CSPGs that have glycosaminoglycan chains readily degraded by chondroitinase C. Biochemical studies indicate that chondroitinase C has degradation specificity for 6-sulfated glycosaminoglycans found in peripheral nerve. We found that chondroitinase C degrades and inactivates inhibitory CSPGs within the endoneurium but not so much in the surrounding nerve compartments. Cryoculture bioassays (neurons grown on tissue sections) show that chondroitinase C selectively and significantly enhanced neuritic growth associated with the endoneurial basal laminae without changing growth-inhibiting properties of the surrounding epineurium. Interestingly, chondroitinase ABC treatment increased greatly the growth-promoting properties of the epineurial tissue whereas chondroitinase C had little effect. Our evidence indicates that chondroitinase C effectively degrades and inactivates inhibitory CSPGs present in the endoneurial Schwann cell basal lamina and does so more specifically than chondroitinase ABC. These findings are discussed in the context of improving nerve repair and regeneration and the growth-promoting properties of processed nerve allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B. Graham
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - David Muir
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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Žygelytė E, Bernard ME, Tomlinson JE, Martin MJ, Terhorst A, Bradford HE, Lundquist SA, Sledziona M, Cheetham J. RetroDISCO: Clearing technique to improve quantification of retrograde labeled motor neurons of intact mouse spinal cords. J Neurosci Methods 2016; 271:34-42. [PMID: 27268155 PMCID: PMC5620662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantification of the number of axons reinnervating a target organ is often used to assess regeneration after peripheral nerve repair, but because of axonal branching, this method can overestimate the number of motor neurons regenerating across an injury. Current methods to count the number of regenerated motor neurons include retrograde labeling followed by cryosectioning and counting labeled motor neuron cell bodies, however, the process of sectioning introduces error from potential double counting of cells in adjacent sections. NEW METHOD We describe a method, retroDISCO, that optically clears whole mouse spinal cord without loss of fluorescent signal to allow imaging of retrograde labeled motor neurons using confocal microscopy. RESULTS Complete optical clearing of spinal cords takes four hours and confocal microscopy can obtain z-stacks of labeled motor neuron pools within 3-5min. The technique is able to detect anticipated differences in motor neuron number after cross-suture and conduit repair compared to intact mice and is highly repeatable. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD RetroDISCO is inexpensive, simple, robust and uses commonly available microscopy techniques to determine the number of motor neurons extending axons across an injury site, avoiding the need for labor-intensive cryosectioning and potential double counting of motor neuron cell bodies in adjacent sections. CONCLUSIONS RetroDISCO allows rapid quantification of the degree of reinnervation without the confounding produced by axonal sprouting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Žygelytė
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Megan E Bernard
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Joy E Tomlinson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Matthew J Martin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Allegra Terhorst
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Harriet E Bradford
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Sarah A Lundquist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Michael Sledziona
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Jonathan Cheetham
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
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Advances in peripheral nervous system regenerative therapeutic strategies: A biomaterials approach. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 65:425-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Abstract
Manufactured conduits and allografts are viable alternatives to direct suture repair and nerve autograft. Manufactured tubes should have gaps less than 10 mm, and ideally should be considered as an aid to the coaptation. Processed nerve allograft has utility as a substitute for either conduit or autograft in sensory nerve repairs. There is also a growing body of evidence supporting their utility in major peripheral nerve repairs, gap repairs up to 70 mm in length, as an alternative source of tissue to bolster the diameter of a cable graft, and for the management of neuromas in non-reconstructable injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bauback Safa
- The Buncke Clinic, 45 Castro Street #121, San Francisco, CA 94114, USA.
| | - Gregory Buncke
- The Buncke Clinic, 45 Castro Street #121, San Francisco, CA 94114, USA
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Comparative study of the efficacy of decellularization treatment of allogenic and xenogeneic nerves as nerve conduits. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:445-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Enhanced regeneration and functional recovery after spinal root avulsion by manipulation of the proteoglycan receptor PTPσ. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14923. [PMID: 26464223 PMCID: PMC4604492 DOI: 10.1038/srep14923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Following root avulsion, spinal nerves are physically disconnected from the spinal cord. Severe motoneuron death and inefficient axon regeneration often result in devastating motor dysfunction. Newly formed axons need to extend through inhibitory scar tissue at the CNS-PNS transitional zone before entering into a pro-regenerative peripheral nerve trajectory. CSPGs are dominant suppressors in scar tissue and exert inhibition via neuronal receptors including PTPσ. Previously, a small peptide memetic of the PTPσ wedge region named ISP (Intracellular Sigma Peptide) was generated, and its capabilities to target PTPσ and relieve CSPG inhibition were validated. Here, we demonstrate that after ventral root avulsion and immediate re-implantation, modulation of PTPσ by systemic delivery of ISP remarkably enhanced regeneration. ISP treatment reduced motoneuron death, increased the number of axons regenerating across scar tissue, rebuilt healthy neuromuscular junctions and enhanced motor functional recovery. Our study shows that modulation of PTPσ is a potential therapeutic strategy for root avulsion.
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Past, Present, and Future of Nerve Conduits in the Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:237507. [PMID: 26491662 PMCID: PMC4600484 DOI: 10.1155/2015/237507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
With significant advances in the research and application of nerve conduits, they have been used to repair peripheral nerve injury for several decades. Nerve conduits range from biological tubes to synthetic tubes, and from nondegradable tubes to biodegradable tubes. Researchers have explored hollow tubes, tubes filled with scaffolds containing neurotrophic factors, and those seeded with Schwann cells or stem cells. The therapeutic effect of nerve conduits is improving with increasing choice of conduit material, new construction of conduits, and the inclusion of neurotrophic factors and support cells in the conduits. Improvements in functional outcomes are expected when these are optimized for use in clinical practice.
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Zhang L, Li D, Wan H, Hao S, Wang S, Wu Z, Zhang J, Qiao H, Li P, Wang M, Su D, Schumacher M, Liu S. Hypoglossal-facial nerve 'side'-to-side neurorrhaphy using a predegenerated nerve autograft for facial palsy after removal of acoustic tumours at the cerebellopontine angle. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2015; 86:865-72. [PMID: 25228445 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-308465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
TRIAL DESIGN Hypoglossal-facial nerve (HN-FN) neurorrhaphy is a method commonly used to treat facial palsy when the proximal stump of the injured FN is unavailable. Since the classic HN-FN neurorrhaphy method that needs to section the injured FN is not suitable for incomplete facial palsy, we investigated a modified method that consists of HN-FN 'side'-to-side neurorrhaphy, retaining the remaining or spontaneously regenerated FN axons while preserving hemihypoglossal function. METHODS To improve axonal regeneration, we used for the first time a predegenerated sural autograft for performing HN-FN 'side'-to-side neurorrhaphy followed by postoperative facial exercise. We treated 12 patients who had experienced FN injury for 1-18 months as a result of acoustic tumour removal. All patients experienced facial grade V-VI paralysis according to the House-Brackmann scale, but their FN was anatomically preserved. No spontaneous facial reinnervation was detected before repair. RESULTS Although we did not perform fresh nerve grafts and HN-FN 'side'-to-end neurorrhaphy as controls for ethical reasons, the reparative outcomes after nerve reconstruction were remarkable: functional improvements were detected as soon as 3 months after repair, House-Brackmann grade II or III FN functions were achieved in five and four patients, respectively, and there were no apparent signs of synkinesis. The three patients who experienced less satisfactory outcomes had exhibited facial palsy for more than 1 year accompanied by muscle atrophy, consistent with a need for rapid surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS Based on fundamental concepts and our experimental results, this new surgical method represents a major advance in the rehabilitation of FN injury. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER JS2013-001-02.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery and China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dezhi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery and China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wan
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyu Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery and China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwei Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery and China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junting Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery and China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingran Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Diya Su
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Song Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery and China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China UMR 788, INSERM and Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Liang H, Song J, Shen D, Qiao Y, Zhang J. Co-firing of levator palpebrae and masseter muscles links the masticatory and oculomotor system in humans. J Biomed Res 2015; 29:316-20. [PMID: 26243518 PMCID: PMC4547380 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.29.20150084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous co-firing of the levator palpebrae (LP) and pterygoid muscles were recorded in Marcus Gann Syndrome (MGS) patients in early clinical studies. “Release hypothesis” proposed an intrinsic masticatory oculomotor neural circuit and this kind circuit, which, however, has been observed only in amphibian. On the other hand, congenital miswiring hypothesis has overwhelmed other interpretations. However, the same phenomenon visualized in MGS cases was unveiled in human subjects without any sign of congenital oculomotor disorder. To further study co-firing of the upper eyelid and jaw muscles, we applied non-invasive EMG recording of the upper eyelid and ipsilateral masseter muscle belly in nine healthy volunteers. LP activity was determined initially by looking upward and active retraction of upper eyelid with head fixed. Then, dual channel inputs from upper eyelid and masseter muscle was recorded during tooth occlusion motivated by isometric masseter muscle contraction without jaw and face moving. The EMG recorded from upper eyelid when the subjects retracted eyelid with head fixed exhibited the same pattern as that collected during tooth occlusion, but the pattern was completely different from EMG of active eye closure. This reflects tooth occlusion evoked LP activity. Then, simultaneous co-firing of the LP and masseter muscle was recorded simultaneously during tooth occlusion without jaw movement. Finally, the aforementioned co-firing was recorded when the subjects conducted rhythmic occlusion and synchronous EMG from both muscles was acquired. In conclusions, humans may also have an intrinsic masticatory oculomotor circuit and release hypothesis may apply, at least, to some cases of MGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houcheng Liang
- Shaanxi Provincial Eye Research Institute and Xi'an Eye Hospital, Xian First Hospital, 30 Nanda Street, Xi'an, Shannxi 710002, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiao-Tong University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710002, China. lianghc1@163com
| | - Jinxin Song
- Shaanxi Provincial Eye Research Institute and Xi'an Eye Hospital, Xian First Hospital, 30 Nanda Street, Xi'an, Shannxi 710002, China
| | - Di Shen
- Shaanxi Provincial Eye Research Institute and Xi'an Eye Hospital, Xian First Hospital, 30 Nanda Street, Xi'an, Shannxi 710002, China
| | - Ying Qiao
- Shaanxi Provincial Eye Research Institute and Xi'an Eye Hospital, Xian First Hospital, 30 Nanda Street, Xi'an, Shannxi 710002, China
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Shaanxi Provincial Eye Research Institute and Xi'an Eye Hospital, Xian First Hospital, 30 Nanda Street, Xi'an, Shannxi 710002, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198, USA. ,
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34
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Eren F, Öksüz S, Küçükodaci Z, Kendırlı MT, Cesur C, Alarçın E, Irem Bektaş E, Karagöz H, Kerımoğlu O, Köse GT, Ülkür E, Gorantla V. Targeted mesenchymal stem cell and vascular endothelial growth factor strategies for repair of nerve defects with nerve tissue implanted autogenous vein graft conduits. Microsurgery 2015; 36:578-585. [PMID: 25867169 DOI: 10.1002/micr.22401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve gaps exceeding 1 cm require a bridging repair strategy. Clinical feasibility of autogenous nerve grafting is limited by donor site comorbidity. In this study we investigated neuroregenerative efficacy of autogenous vein grafts implanted with tissue fragments from distal nerve in combination with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in repair of rat peripheral nerve defects. Six-groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8 each) were evaluated in the autogenous setting using a 1.6 cm long peroneal nerve defect: Empty vein graft (group 1), Nerve graft (group 2), Vein graft and nerve fragments (group 3), Vein graft and nerve fragments and blank microspheres (group 4), Vein graft and nerve fragments and VEGF microspheres (group 5), Vein graft and nerve fragments and MSCs (group 6). Nerve fragments were derived from distal segment. Walking track analysis, electrophysiology and nerve histomorphometry were performed for assessment. Peroneal function indices (PFI), electrophysiology (amplitude) and axon count results for group 2 were -9.12 ± 3.07, 12.81 ± 2.46 mV, and 1697.88 ± 166.18, whereas the results for group 5 were -9.35 ± 2.55, 12.68 ± 1.78, and 1566 ± 131.44, respectively. The assessment results did not reveal statistical difference between groups 2 and 5 (P > 0.05). The best outcomes were seen in group 2 and 5 followed by group 6. Compared to other groups, poorest outcomes were seen in group 1 (P ≤ 0.05). PFI, electrophysiology (amplitude) and axon count results for group 1 were -208.82 ± 110.69, 0.86 ± 0.52, and 444.50 ± 274.03, respectively. Vein conduits implanted with distal nerve-derived nerve fragments improved axonal regeneration. VEGF was superior to MSCs in facilitating nerve regeneration. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:578-585, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fıkret Eren
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sınan Öksüz
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA.
| | - Zafer Küçükodaci
- Department of Pathology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Tansel Kendırlı
- Department of Neurology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceyhun Cesur
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emıne Alarçın
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Marmara University, ıstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgı Irem Bektaş
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüseyın Karagöz
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oya Kerımoğlu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Marmara University, ıstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gamze Torun Köse
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.,CoE in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, BIOMATEN, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ersın Ülkür
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vijay Gorantla
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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Yu H, Xiang L, Xu W, Zhao B, Wang Y, Peng J, Lu S. Chondroitinase ABC improves recovery of long sciatic nerve defects. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:61-5. [PMID: 25806060 PMCID: PMC4354120 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sciatic nerves from allogeneic Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with chondroitinase ABC and were used to bridge damaged sciatic nerves in Wistar rats. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans were removed from the chemically extracted acellular nerves. At 3 months after grafting, the footplate pinch test result was positive in the Wistar rats. Autotomy scores decreased, and increased muscular contraction tension appeared when triceps surae muscles were stimulated. In addition, the recovery rate of wet triceps surae muscle weight increased, and the distal segment of the chondroitinase ABC-treated graft exhibited Schwann cells next to the nerve fibers. These results suggested that chondroitinase ABC pretreatment enhanced repair of long nerve defects via acellular nerve grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liangbi Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Institute of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Institute of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shibi Lu
- Institute of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
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Gause Ii TM, Sivak WN, Marra KG. The role of chondroitinase as an adjuvant to peripheral nerve repair. Cells Tissues Organs 2015; 200:59-68. [PMID: 25766067 DOI: 10.1159/000369449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are potent inhibitors of neural regeneration in the peripheral nervous system. Following nerve injury, inhibitory CSPGs accumulate within the endoneurium and Schwann cell basal lamina of the distal nerve stump. The utilization of chondroitinase ABC (chABC) has led to a marked increase in the ability of injured axons to regenerate across gaps through the CSPG-laden extracellular matrix. Experimental models have repeatedly shown chABC to be capable of degrading the CSPGs that hinder neurite outgrowth. In this article, the characterization of CSPGs, their upregulation following peripheral nerve injury, and potential mechanisms behind their growth and inhibition are described. To date, the literature supports that the adjunct use of chABC may be beneficial to peripheral nerve repair in digesting inhibitory CSPGs. chABC has also shown some indication of synergism with other therapies, such as stem cell transplantation. Evidence supporting the use of chondroitinase as a treatment modality in nerve repair, either alone or in combination with other agents, is reviewed within. Finally, several shortcomings of chABC are addressed, notably its thermal stability and physiologic longevity - both hindering its widespread clinical adoption. Future studies are warranted in order to optimize the therapeutic benefits of the chondroitinase enzyme.
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Tseng TC, Yen CT, Hsu SH. Visualization of peripheral nerve regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:997-9. [PMID: 25206750 PMCID: PMC4146305 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.133157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Chen Tseng
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Chen-Tung Yen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Shan-Hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, China ; Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, China
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Ju Z, Cui H, Guo X, Yang H, He J, Wang K. Molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of acupuncture on neuropathic pain. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:2350-9. [PMID: 25206545 PMCID: PMC4146043 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.25.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture has been used to treat neuropathic pain for a long time, but its mechanisms of action remain unknown. In this study, we observed the effects of electroacupuncture and manual acu-puncture on neuropathic pain and on ephrin-B/EphB signaling in rats models of chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain. The results showed that manual acupuncture and elec-puncture significantly reduced mechanical hypersensitivity following chronic constriction injury, es-pecially electroacupuncture treatment. Real-time PCR results revealed that ephrin-B1/B3 and EphB1/B2 mRNA expression levels were significantly increased in the spinal dorsal horns of chronic constriction injury rats. Electroacupuncture and manual acupuncture suppressed the high sion of ephrin-B1 mRNA, and elevated EphB3/B4 mRNA expression. Electroacupuncture signifi-cantly enhanced the mRNA expression of ephrin-B3 and EphB3/B6 in the dorsal horns of neuro-pathic pain rats. Western blot results revealed that electroacupuncture in particular, and manual acupuncture, significantly up-regulated ephrin-B3 protein levels in rat spinal dorsal horns. The re-sults of this study suggest that acupuncture could activate ephrin-B/EphB signaling in neuropathic pain rats and improve neurological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyong Ju
- College of Acumox and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huashun Cui
- Department of Acupuncture, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- College of Acumox and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huayuan Yang
- College of Acumox and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jinsen He
- College of Acumox and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Wrobel S, Serra SC, Ribeiro-Samy S, Sousa N, Heimann C, Barwig C, Grothe C, Salgado AJ, Haastert-Talini K. In vitro evaluation of cell-seeded chitosan films for peripheral nerve tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:2339-49. [PMID: 24606318 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural biomaterials have attracted an increasing interest in the field of tissue-engineered nerve grafts, representing a possible alternative to autologous nerve transplantation. With the prospect of developing a novel entubulation strategy for transected nerves with cell-seeded chitosan films, we examined the biocompatibility of such films in vitro. Different types of rat Schwann cells (SCs)--immortalized, neonatal, and adult-of the chitosan substrate. Both cell types were viable on the biomaterial and showed different metabolic activities and proliferation behavior, indicating cell-type-specific cell-biomaterial interaction. Moreover, the cell types also displayed their typical morphology. In cocultures adult SCs used the BMSCs as a feeder layer and no negative interactions between both cell types were detected. Further, the chitosan films allow neurite outgrowth from dissociated sensory neurons, which is additionally supported on film preseeded with SC-BMSC cocultures. The presented chitosan films therefore demonstrate high potential for their use in tissue-engineered nerve grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Wrobel
- 1 Hannover Medical School, Institute of Neuroanatomy , Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
SUMMARY Peripheral nerve injury is a significant problem affecting greater that 1 million people around the world each year and poses major challenges to the plastic and reconstructive surgeon. When primary nerve repair is not possible, several options for management of the nerve gap include a nerve autograft, nerve conduit, and acellular nerve allograft. For extensive and proximal nerve injuries, cellular nerve allografts and nerve transfers may be considered. This article reviews the indications and outcomes for each option, as in many cases more than one option may be acceptable.
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Carriel V, Alaminos M, Garzón I, Campos A, Cornelissen M. Tissue engineering of the peripheral nervous system. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 14:301-18. [DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2014.887444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Schulz WL, Manivel JC. Amputation neuroma growing intravascularly into a thrombus. Int J Surg Pathol 2014; 22:645-6. [PMID: 24477938 DOI: 10.1177/1066896913520038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An adult man underwent arm amputation for a sarcoma. Pain and three masses observed radiologically prompted surgical exploration five years later. Microscopically, the masses represented amputation neuromas. One of them was located in the lumen of an artery, in a remote organized thrombus. Intravascular growth of an amputation neuroma has not been described previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade L Schulz
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Abstract
When possible, direct repair remains the current standard of care for the repair of peripheral nerve lacerations. In large nerve gaps, in which direct repair is not possible, grafting remains the most viable option. Nerve scaffolds include autologous conduits, artificial nonbioabsorbable conduits, and bioabsorbable conduits and are options for repair of digital nerve gaps that are <3 cm in length. Experimental studies suggest that the use of allografts may be an option for repairing larger sensory nerve gaps without associated donor-site morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin W Griffin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, 400 Ray C. Hunt Drive, Suite 330, P.O. Box 800159, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0159
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Chondroitin sulphate-based 3D scaffolds containing MWCNTs for nervous tissue repair. Biomaterials 2013; 35:1543-51. [PMID: 24290440 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nervous tissue lesions are an important social concern due to their increasing prevalence and their high sanitary costs. Their treatment still remains a challenge because of the reduced ability of nervous tissue to regenerate, its intrinsic structural and functional complexity and the rapid formation of fibroglial scars inhibiting neural repair. Herein, we show that 3D porous scaffolds made of chondroitin sulphate (CS), a major regulatory component of the nervous tissue, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are selective substrates for the formation of a viable and neuron-enriched network with a transitory low glial content. Scaffolds have been fabricated by using the ice segregation-induced self-assembly technique and cultured with embryonic neural progenitor cells. Cell adhesion, morphology, viability, neuron/glial differentiation, calcium signaling dynamics, and mitochondrial activity have been studied over time on the scaffolds and compared to appropriate 2D control substrates. Our results indicate the formation of viable cultures enriched in neuron cells for up to 20 days, with ability to display calcium transients and active mitochondria, even in the absence of poly-D-lysine coating. A synergistic neural-permissive signaling from both the scaffold structure and its components (i.e., MWCNTs and CS) is suggested as the major responsible factor for these findings. We anticipate that these scaffolds may serve nerve regeneration if implanted in the acute phase after injury, as it is during the first stages of graft implantation when the most critical sequence of phenomena takes place to drive either nervous regeneration or fibroglial scar formation. The temporary glial inhibition found may be, indeed, beneficial for promoting the formation of neuron-enriched circuits at early phases while guaranteeing posterior glial integration to support longer-term neuron survival and activity.
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Ma T, Wang Y, Qi F, Zhu S, Huang L, Liu Z, Huang J, Luo Z. The effect of synthetic oxygen carrier-enriched fibrin hydrogel on Schwann cells under hypoxia condition in vitro. Biomaterials 2013; 34:10016-27. [PMID: 24095255 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cell (SC), which plays a key role in peripheral nerve regeneration, is one of the most classic supportive cells in neural tissue engineering. However, the biological activity of SCs seeded in nerve scaffolds decays subsequently due to local hypoxia induced by ischemia. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether a synthetic oxygen carrier-enriched fibrin gel would provide a sustained oxygen release to cultured SCs in vitro for overcoming a temporary (48 h) oxygen deprivation. In this study, perfluorotributylamine (PFTBA)-based oxygen carrying fibrin gel was prepared to provide oxygen for SCs under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. The dissolved oxygen within the culture media was measured by a blood-gas analyzer to quantify the time course of oxygen release from the PFTBA-enriched fibrin gel. SCs were cultured in the presence or absence of PFTBA-enriched fibrin gel under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. The tolerance of SCs to hypoxia was examined by a cell apoptosis assay. The growth of cells was characterized using S-100 staining and a CCK-8 assay. The migration of cells was examined using a Transwell chamber. The mRNA of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in SCs were assayed by RT-PCR. In addition, SCs cultured in 3D PFTBA-enriched hydrogel were characterized by Live/Dead staining and the mRNA levels of BDNF, NGF, GDNF, N-CAM and VEGF were assayed by RT-PCR. The results showed that the PFTBA-enriched fibrin hydrogel was able to promote cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation under hypoxic conditions. Interestingly, PFTBA applied through the fibrin hydrogel dramatically enhanced the mRNA of BDNF, NGF, GDNF, N-CAM and VEGF under hypoxic condition. These findings highlight the possibility of enhancing nerve regeneration in cellular nerve grafts through PFTBA increased neurotropic secretion in SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ma
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
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Li R, Liu Z, Pan Y, Chen L, Zhang Z, Lu L. Peripheral Nerve Injuries Treatment: a Systematic Review. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 68:449-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9742-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zhang YG, Sheng QS, Qi FY, Hu XY, Zhao W, Wang YQ, Lan LF, Huang JH, Luo ZJ. Schwann cell-seeded scaffold with longitudinally oriented micro-channels for reconstruction of sciatic nerve in rats. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2013; 24:1767-1780. [PMID: 23512154 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-4917-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To provide a more permissive environment for axonal regeneration, Schwann cells (SCs) were introduced into a collagen-chitosan scaffold with longitudinally oriented micro-channels (L-CCH). The SC-seeded scaffold was then used for reconstruction of a 15-mm-long sciatic nerve defect in rats. The axonal regeneration and functional recovery were examined by a combination of walking track analysis, electrophysiological assessment, Fluoro-Gold retrograde tracing, as well as morphometric analyses to both regenerated axons and target muscles. The findings showed that SCs adhered and migrated into the L-CCH scaffold and displayed a longitudinal arrangement in vitro. Axonal regeneration as well as functional recovery was in the similar range between SCs-seeded scaffold and autograft groups, which were superior to those in L-CCH scaffold alone group. These indicate that the SCs-seeded L-CCH scaffold, which resembles the microstructure as well as the permissive environment of native peripheral nerves, holds great promise in nerve regeneration therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Guang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Wood MD, Kemp SWP, Liu EH, Szynkaruk M, Gordon T, Borschel GH. Rat-derived processed nerve allografts support more axon regeneration in rat than human-derived processed nerve xenografts. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:1085-91. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Wood
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; The Hospital for Sick Children; 555 University Ave Toronto ON Canada M5G 1X8
- Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine; The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute; Elizabeth McMaster Building Toronto ON Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Stephen W. P. Kemp
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; The Hospital for Sick Children; 555 University Ave Toronto ON Canada M5G 1X8
- Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine; The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute; Elizabeth McMaster Building Toronto ON Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Edward H. Liu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; The Hospital for Sick Children; 555 University Ave Toronto ON Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Mark Szynkaruk
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; The Hospital for Sick Children; 555 University Ave Toronto ON Canada M5G 1X8
- Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine; The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute; Elizabeth McMaster Building Toronto ON Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Tessa Gordon
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; The Hospital for Sick Children; 555 University Ave Toronto ON Canada M5G 1X8
- Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine; The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute; Elizabeth McMaster Building Toronto ON Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Gregory H. Borschel
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; The Hospital for Sick Children; 555 University Ave Toronto ON Canada M5G 1X8
- Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine; The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute; Elizabeth McMaster Building Toronto ON Canada M5G 1X8
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; 164 College Street Toronto Ontario Canada M5G 1X8
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto; 100 College Street Toronto Ontario Canada M5G 1X8
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Torres-Espín A, Corona-Quintanilla DL, Forés J, Allodi I, González F, Udina E, Navarro X. Neuroprotection and axonal regeneration after lumbar ventral root avulsion by re-implantation and mesenchymal stem cells transplant combined therapy. Neurotherapeutics 2013; 10:354-68. [PMID: 23440700 PMCID: PMC3625381 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-013-0178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventral spinal root avulsion causes complete denervation of muscles in the limb and also progressive death of segmental motoneurons (MN) leading to permanent paralysis. The chances for functional recovery after ventral root avulsion are very poor owing to the loss of avulsed neurons and the long distance that surviving neurons have to re-grow axons from the spinal cord to the corresponding targets. Following unilateral avulsion of L4, L5 and L6 spinal roots in adult rats, we performed an intraspinal transplant of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and surgical re-implantation of the avulsed roots. Four weeks after avulsion the survival of MN in the MSC-treated animals was significantly higher than in vehicle-injected rats (45% vs. 28%). Re-implantation of the avulsed roots in the injured spinal cord allowed the regeneration of motor axons. By combining root re-implantation and MSC transplant the number of surviving MN at 28 days post-injury was higher (60%) than in re-implantation alone animals (46%). Electromyographic tests showed evidence of functional re-innervation of anterior tibialis and gastrocnemius muscles by the regenerated motor axons only in rats with the combined treatment. These results indicate that MSC are helpful in enhancing neuronal survival and increased the regenerative growth of injured axons. Surgical re-implantation and MSC grafting combined had a synergic neuroprotective effect on MN and on axonal regeneration and muscle re-innervation after spinal root avulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Torres-Espín
- />Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Dora Luz Corona-Quintanilla
- />Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
- />Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Joaquim Forés
- />Hand and Peripheral Nerve Unit, Hospital Clínic i Provincial, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ilary Allodi
- />Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Francisco González
- />Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Esther Udina
- />Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier Navarro
- />Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
- />Unitat de Fisiologia Mèdica, Edif. M, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Jonsson S, Wiberg R, McGrath AM, Novikov LN, Wiberg M, Novikova LN, Kingham PJ. Effect of delayed peripheral nerve repair on nerve regeneration, Schwann cell function and target muscle recovery. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56484. [PMID: 23409189 PMCID: PMC3567071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in surgical techniques for peripheral nerve repair, functional restitution remains incomplete. The timing of surgery is one factor influencing the extent of recovery but it is not yet clearly defined how long a delay may be tolerated before repair becomes futile. In this study, rats underwent sciatic nerve transection before immediate (0) or 1, 3, or 6 months delayed repair with a nerve graft. Regeneration of spinal motoneurons, 13 weeks after nerve repair, was assessed using retrograde labeling. Nerve tissue was also collected from the proximal and distal stumps and from the nerve graft, together with the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles. A dramatic decline in the number of regenerating motoneurons and myelinated axons in the distal nerve stump was observed in the 3- and 6-months delayed groups. After 3 months delay, the axonal number in the proximal stump increased 2–3 folds, accompanied by a smaller axonal area. RT-PCR of distal nerve segments revealed a decline in Schwann cells (SC) markers, most notably in the 3 and 6 month delayed repair samples. There was also a progressive increase in fibrosis and proteoglycan scar markers in the distal nerve with increased delayed repair time. The yield of SC isolated from the distal nerve segments progressively fell with increased delay in repair time but cultured SC from all groups proliferated at similar rates. MG muscle at 3- and 6-months delay repair showed a significant decline in weight (61% and 27% compared with contra-lateral side). Muscle fiber atrophy and changes to neuromuscular junctions were observed with increased delayed repair time suggestive of progressively impaired reinnervation. This study demonstrates that one of the main limiting factors for nerve regeneration after delayed repair is the distal stump. The critical time point after which the outcome of regeneration becomes too poor appears to be 3-months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Jonsson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section of Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Wiberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section of Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra M. McGrath
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section of Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Surgical & Perioperative Science, Section of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lev N. Novikov
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section of Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mikael Wiberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section of Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Surgical & Perioperative Science, Section of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Liudmila N. Novikova
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section of Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail: (PJK); (LNN)
| | - Paul J. Kingham
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section of Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail: (PJK); (LNN)
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