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Verma R, Punia V, Das G, Kumar S, Nath S, Swamy M. Assessment of genetic diversity of Trypanosoma evansi in the domestic animal populations through ITS-1 gene sequence analysis. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:2. [PMID: 38047956 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08024-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Trypanosoma evansi infects domestic animals, causing a debilitating and occasionally fatal disease. The disease leads to significant economic losses to farmers and poses a substantial impediment to the growth of livestock production in developing nations, including India. Considering the challenges associated with managing this infection, there is an urgent need to enhance our understanding of the molecular and genetic diversity of T. evansi. Therefore, this study was planned to analyze the genetic diversity of T. evansi using available internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) gene sequences from India and compare them with sequences from around the globe. Blood samples used in this study were collected from naturally infected animals including dogs, cattle, and buffaloes in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Using the ITS-1 gene, we amplified a 540 base pairs (bp) segment using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequenced it, and identified intra-specific variations. Phylogenetic analysis of 90 sequences, including 27 from India, revealed three distinct clusters with high bootstrap support values. A haplotype network analysis identified 34 haplotypes, with H7 being the most prevalent, indicating a complex evolutionary history involving multiple countries. The genetic analysis of the Indian population revealed distinct characteristics. Despite low nucleotide diversity, there was high haplotype diversity in comparison to other populations. Tajima's D, Fu and Li's D, and Fu and Li's F exhibited non-significant negative values, indicating potential stability. Additionally, the slightly positive values in Fu's Fs, Raggedness (r), and Ramos-Onsins and Rozas (R2) statistics suggested a lack of recent significant selective pressures or population expansions. Furthermore, the presence of genetic differentiation and gene flow among T. evansi populations highlighted ongoing evolutionary processes. These findings collectively depicted a complex genetic landscape, suggesting both stability and ongoing evolutionary dynamics within the Indian population of T. evansi. The findings of this study are important for understanding the evolutionary history and population dynamics of T. evansi, and they may help us develop effective control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Verma
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, South Civil Lines, Jabalpur, MP, 482001, India.
| | - Vikram Punia
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, South Civil Lines, Jabalpur, MP, 482001, India
| | - Giridhari Das
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, South Civil Lines, Jabalpur, MP, 482001, India
| | - Suman Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, South Civil Lines, Jabalpur, MP, 482001, India
| | - Subhradal Nath
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, South Civil Lines, Jabalpur, MP, 482001, India
| | - Madhu Swamy
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, South Civil Lines, Jabalpur, MP, 482001, India
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Alfaleh FA, Elhaig MM. Molecular prevalence, associated risk factors and genetic characterization of Trypanosoma evansi in camels. Microb Pathog 2023; 175:105967. [PMID: 36603695 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Surra is a major infectious disease of camels being caused by Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) in developing countries, including Egypt. However, the identification of changes in the T. evansi prevalence in Egypt is important. In this study, the prevalence of T. evansi and its associated risk factors as well as the genetic characterization of the parasite were estimated. Blood samples were collected from 163 camels from two governorates in Lower Egypt. PCR targeting RoTat 1.2VSG was used for the detection of T. evansi and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) was used for sequencing analysis and genetic characterization. Overall prevalence was 19.6% using RoTat 1.2VSG. The risk of the infection in females was 4 times higher than in males (P = 0.0004, OR = 4; 95% CI = 0.79-8.96) and in camels with a history of clinical signs it was 2.3 times higher than camels without clinical signs (P = 0.04, OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.035-5.15). Analysis of the ITS-1 sequences of four T. evansi isolates showed little heterogeneity compared to similar sequences in the database. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis, based on the ITS-1 region, confirmed the presence of two distinct genotypes of T. evansi in Egyptian camels with more than 99% similarity with T. evansi isolates from different countries across the ITS-1 region and were closely related to Filipino and Chinese isolates. The results of the study can be used for the observation and prevention of disease and updating the epidemiological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faleh A Alfaleh
- Department of Biology, College of Science Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mahmoud M Elhaig
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
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Al-Kharusi A, Elshafie EI, Baqir S, Faraz A, Al-Ansari A, Burger P, Mahgoub O, Al-Kharousi K, Al-Duhli H, Al-Sinani M, Al-Hatali R, Roberts D. Detection of Trypanosoma Infection in Dromedary Camels by Using Different Diagnostic Techniques in Northern Oman. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1348. [PMID: 35681813 PMCID: PMC9179285 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Camel trypanosomoses is considered a devastating disease with severe health consequences that can be caused by different hemoprotozoan parasites. Camel samples (388) from the five regions in Northern Oman were assessed using a thin blood film. In addition, 95 seropositive samples were analyzed using various primers of mechanically transmitted trypanosomes. Out of the 388 blood smears examined, 0.8% (CI 95%, 2/388) were found to be positive for Trypanosoma sp. using a microscope. The parasitologically positive cases were detected in samples from females. The overall molecular prevalences were as follows: TBR was 78/95, 77% (CI 73.1-89.2%); ITS was 30/95, 31.6% (CI 73.1-89.2%); and T. evansi type A (RoTat 1.2) was 8/95, 8.4% (CI 4.0-16.0%). There were two species of trypanosomes that were observed in the camels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Al-Kharusi
- Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries Wealth and Water Resources, Muscat 100, Oman; (H.A.-D.); (M.A.-S.); (R.A.-H.)
| | - Elshafie Ibrahim Elshafie
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 100, Oman; (E.I.E.); (O.M.); (K.A.-K.)
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Al Amarat 8076, Sudan
| | - Senan Baqir
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 100, Oman; (S.B.); (A.A.-A.); (D.R.)
| | - Asim Faraz
- Department of Livestock and Poultry Production, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan;
| | - Aliya Al-Ansari
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 100, Oman; (S.B.); (A.A.-A.); (D.R.)
| | - Pamela Burger
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1160 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Osman Mahgoub
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 100, Oman; (E.I.E.); (O.M.); (K.A.-K.)
| | - Kaadhia Al-Kharousi
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 100, Oman; (E.I.E.); (O.M.); (K.A.-K.)
| | - Halima Al-Duhli
- Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries Wealth and Water Resources, Muscat 100, Oman; (H.A.-D.); (M.A.-S.); (R.A.-H.)
| | - Mohammed Al-Sinani
- Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries Wealth and Water Resources, Muscat 100, Oman; (H.A.-D.); (M.A.-S.); (R.A.-H.)
| | - Raqiya Al-Hatali
- Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries Wealth and Water Resources, Muscat 100, Oman; (H.A.-D.); (M.A.-S.); (R.A.-H.)
| | - Derek Roberts
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 100, Oman; (S.B.); (A.A.-A.); (D.R.)
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Ji N, Chen X, Liu G, Zhao S, Tan W, Liu G, Zhang J, Wang Y. Theileria, Hepatozoon and Taenia infection in great gerbils ( Rhombomys opimus) in northwestern China. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2021; 15:79-86. [PMID: 33996439 PMCID: PMC8099453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus), widely distributed in Asia, is a natural reservoir for Yersinia pestis, Leishmania donovani and some species of helminths. In this study, 188 great gerbils were sampled in Alataw City and Manas County, northwestern China, and tested for the presence of Theileria, Hepatozoon and Taenia species by molecular methods. Theileria sp., named as "Candidatus Theileria xinjiangensis", was detected in heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney of 6.9% rodents. Six genotypes of "Taenia sp. Rhombomys opimus", which were close to Taenia laticollis (87.3-94.0% identities), were detected in cyst liquid of 5.3% rodents. "Hepatozoon ayorgbor-like" haemogregarines was detected in spleens of 1.6% rodents. To our best knowledge, Candidatus Theileria xinjiangensis, Hepatozoon ayorgbor-like and genotypes of "Taenia sp. Rhombomys opimus" were found for the first time in the great gerbil. These results extend our knowledge on the diversity and pathogenesis of Theileria, Hepatozoon and Taenia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ji
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueling Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Tan
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyuan Liu
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiangguo Zhang
- Alataw Customs, Alashankou, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 833418, China
| | - Yuanzhi Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People's Republic of China
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Muñoz-Calderón A, Wehrendt D, Cura C, Gómez-Bravo A, Abril M, Giammaria M, Lucero RH, Schijman AG. Real-time polymerase chain reaction based algorithm for differential diagnosis of Kinetoplastidean species of zoonotic relevance. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 83:104328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Elata A, Galon EM, Moumouni PFA, Ybanez RHD, Mossaad E, Salces CB, Bajenting GP, Ybanez AP, Xuan X, Inoue N, Suganuma K. First molecular detection and identification of Trypanosoma evansi in goats from Cebu, Philippines using a PCR-based assay. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2020; 21:100414. [PMID: 32862917 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The increasing number and severity of surra outbreaks in the Philippines led the government to consider it as the second most important disease of livestock in the country. It is one of the most economically important animal parasitic diseases and has been reported in several animal species, including water buffaloes, cattle, and horses in different regions of the Philippines. However, it has not yet been reported in Cebu, the usual gateway of livestock trade in the area that raises 6% of the 3.75 million goats in the country. In the current study, a PCR-based assay was conducted for the molecular detection and characterization of Trypanosoma evansi in goats in Cebu. A total of 251 goats were randomly sampled from four farms. DNA was extracted and ITS1-PCR was applied to detect different trypanosomes in goats. Eighty-five out of the 251 (33.9%) samples tested positive for T. evansi, two of which were also positive for T. theileri-like trypanosome. The detection rate of T. evansi was slightly higher in male goats (38.3%) than in females (32.5%), and in younger goats (34.5%) than in adults (33.5%). The findings, however, did not differ significantly to suggest any association between sex and age with T. evansi infection in goats. The detection of T. evansi and T. theileri-like trypanosome in goats was confirmed by sequence analysis of ITS1 region. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the molecular detection and identification of caprine T. evansi infection in Cebu, Philippines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afraa Elata
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 13314, Sudan
| | - Eloiza May Galon
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Paul Franck Adjou Moumouni
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Rochelle Haidee D Ybanez
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Ehab Mossaad
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Department of Pathology, Parasitology and Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, P.O. Box 204, Sudan
| | - Caro B Salces
- Philippine Carabao Center at Ubay Stock Farm, Lomangog, Ubay, Bohol 6315, Philippines
| | | | - Adrian P Ybanez
- Philippine Carabao Center at Ubay Stock Farm, Lomangog, Ubay, Bohol 6315, Philippines; Institute of Molecular Parasitology and Protozoan Diseases at Main Campus and College of Veterinary Medicine at Barili Campus, Cebu Technological University, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Noboru Inoue
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Keisuke Suganuma
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
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FIRST REPORT OF TRYPANOSOMA EVANSI INFECTION (SURRA) IN A PUMA (FELIS CONCOLOR) OF LAHORE ZOO, PAKISTAN. J Zoo Wildl Med 2019; 48:918-921. [PMID: 28920778 DOI: 10.1638/2016-0210.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood protozoan Trypanosoma evansi, which is transmitted by biting flies, is frequently neglected due to subclinical infections. This report describes a case of trypanosomiasis due to T. evansi in a 9-yr-old male puma (Felis concolor) housed at the Lahore Zoo in Pakistan. Early in January 2015, this male puma presented with chronic lethargy, weight loss, incoordination, hyperthermia, anorexia, sunken eyes, and unthriftiness. Microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained blood smears showed numerous Trypanosoma parasites. The puma was treated with diminazene aceturate subcutaneously twice. A few days later, a blood smear examination showed absence of trypanosomes. Five months later the cat presented with acute epistaxis and died. Postmortem examination showed emaciation, pale liver and kidneys, and hemorrhages on the spleen. Examination of a blood smear taken at the time of death showed numerous Trypanosoma parasites. PCR testing confirmed the presence of Trypanosoma DNA. DNA sequencing of two amplicons confirmed the presence of Trypanosoma in the blood smears with a 98-99% identity with the previously identified GenBank sequences. A phylogenetic tree was then constructed. Further studies are needed to improve our knowledge about the epidemiology and pathogenesis of T. evansi infection in wild animal species.
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Molinari J, Moreno SA. Trypanosoma brucei Plimmer & Bradford, 1899 is a synonym of T. evansi (Steel, 1885) according to current knowledge and by application of nomenclature rules. Syst Parasitol 2018; 95:249-256. [PMID: 29411297 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-018-9779-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proper application of the principles of biological nomenclature is fundamental for scientific and technical communication about organisms. As other scientific disciplines, taxonomy inherently is open to change, thus species names cannot be final and immutable. Nevertheless, altering the names of organisms of high economical, medical, or veterinary importance can become a complex challenge between the scientific need to have correct classifications, and the practical ideal of having fixed classifications. Trypanosoma evansi (Steel, 1885), T. brucei Plimmer & Bradford, 1899 and T. equiperdum Doflein, 1901 are important parasites of mammals. According to current knowledge, the three names are synonyms of a single trypanosome species, the valid name of which should be T. evansi by the mandatory application of the Principle of Priority of zoological nomenclature. Subspecies known as T. brucei brucei Plimmer & Bradford, 1899, T. b. gambiense Dutton, 1902 and T. b. rhodesiense Stephens & Fantham, 1910 should be referred to respectively as T. evansi evansi (Steel, 1885), T. e. gambiense and T. e. rhodesiense. The polyphyletic groupings so far known as T. evansi and T. equiperdum should be referred respectively to as surra- and dourine-causing strains of T. e. evansi. Likewise, trypanosomes so far known as T. b. brucei should be referred to as nagana-causing strains of T. e. evansi. Though it modifies the scientific names of flagship human and animal parasites, the amended nomenclature proposed herein should be adopted because it reflects phylogenetic and biological advancements, fixes errors, and is simpler than the existing classificatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Molinari
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, 05101, Venezuela.
| | - S Andrea Moreno
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, 05101, Venezuela
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Sarkhel SP, Gupta SK, Kaushik J, Singh J, Gaur DK, Kumar S, Kumar R. Molecular characterization of internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS 1) region of different Trypanosoma evansi isolates of India. J Parasit Dis 2016; 41:527-533. [PMID: 28615873 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-016-0843-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Six Trypanosoma evansi isolates collected from ponies (PH1 and PK6), camel (CB2), donkeys (DJ3 and DH4) and cattle (CK5) from Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat states of India were used for molecular characterization of internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS 1). The DNA was isolated from purified trypanosomes of these six isolates after propagation in mice model. ITS1-PCR of purified parasite DNA yielded an amplification product approximately 540 bp in size. Nucleotide sequence of ITS1 gene of CB2 isolate had 530 bp while CK5, DH4, DJ3, and PH1 isolates had 532 bp, whereas, PK6 isolates had 533 bp size. Blast data of the Indian isolates revealed 99 % homology with other available sequences of T. evansi. Multiple alignment of nucleotide sequence of ITS1 gene variants from Indian T. evansi isolates with selected homologous sequences from GenBank revealed that nucleotide substitution mostly occurred at the position of 101-103, 218-223, 243-244, 301-396 and 470-480. The isolates PH1, CK5, DH4 and DJ3 were found more associated with T. evansi isolates from the Philippines, Thailand, Iran, Egypt and China, whereas, PK6 and CB2 isolates were related to each other and were phylogenetically distant from rest of the Indian isolates used in this study. Based on the ITS1 rDNA sequence, the Neighbour-Joining consensus tree indicated clear evidence of existence of genetic diversity among T. evansi isolates from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souti Prasad Sarkhel
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
| | - Surender Kumar Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
| | - Jyoti Kaushik
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Jarnail Singh
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Deepak Kumar Gaur
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Rajender Kumar
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
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Molecular diagnosis of cattle trypanosomes in Venezuela: evidences of Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma vivax infections. J Parasit Dis 2016; 41:450-458. [PMID: 28615858 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-016-0826-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In South America Trypanosoma evansi has been determined by molecular methods in cattle from Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia and Peru, reason for which the presence of this parasite is not excluded in Venezuelan livestock. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform parasitological and molecular diagnosis of cattle trypanosomosis in small livestock units from two regions in this country. The parasitological diagnosis was carried out by MHCT and the molecular by PCR using genus-specific ITS1 primers that differentiate T. vivax and T. evansi infections. 47 cattle were evaluated in the "Laguneta de la Montaña" sector, Miranda State, where 3 animals were diagnosed as positive (6.4 %) by MHCT and 14 (30 %) by PCR as Trypanosoma spp., out of which 9 animals resulted positive for T. vivax, 3 for T. evansi and 2 with double infections. Whilst in the "San Casimiro" sector, State of Aragua, out of the 38 cattle evaluated 7 animals were diagnosed as positive (18.4 %) by MHCT and 19 (50 %) by PCR, determining only the presence of T. evansi in this locality. The molecular diagnosis by PCR using ITS1 primers allowed T. evansi detection in cattle field populations, which suggests the possible role of these animals as reservoirs in the epidemiology of the disease caused by T. evansi in Venezuela.
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Takeet MI, Peters SO, Fagbemi BO, De Donato M, Takeet VO, Wheto M, Imumorin IG. Phylogeny of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma evansi in naturally infected cattle in Nigeria by analysis of repetitive and ribosomal DNA sequences. Trop Anim Health Prod 2016; 48:1235-40. [PMID: 27174432 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-1081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In continuing efforts to better understand the genetics of bovine trypanosomosis, we assessed genetic diversity of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma evansi in naturally infected Nigerian cattle using repetitive DNA and internal transcribed spacer 1 of rDNA sequences and compared these sequences to species from other countries. The length of repetitive DNA sequences in both species ranged from 161 to 244 bp and 239 to 240 bp for T. brucei and T. evansi, respectively, while the ITS1 rDNA sequences length range from 299 to 364 bp. The mean GC content of ITS1 rDNA sequences was 33.57 %, and that of repetitive sequences were 39.9 and 31.1 % for T. brucei and T. evansi, respectively. Result from sequence alignment revealed both T. brucei and T. evansi repetitive DNA sequences to be more polymorphic than ITS1 rDNA sequences, with moderate points of deletion and insertions. T. brucei separated into two clades when subjected to phylogenetic analysis. T. evansi repetitive DNA sequences clustered tightly within the T. brucei clade while the ITS1 rDNA sequences of T. brucei were clearly separated from T. theileri and T. vivax individually used as outgroups. This study suggest that ITS1 rDNA sequences may not be suitable for phylogenetic differentiation of the Trypanozoon group and also suggest that T. evansi may be a phenotypic variant of T. brucei which may have potential implications in designing prevention and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I Takeet
- Animal Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, International Programs, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA. .,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. .,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Sunday O Peters
- Department of Animal Science, Berry College, Mount Berry, GA, 30149, USA.,Department of Animal and Dairy sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Benjamin O Fagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Marcos De Donato
- Animal Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, International Programs, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.,Department of Biomedicine, Universidad de Oriente, Cumana, Venezuela
| | - Vivian O Takeet
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Mathew Wheto
- Animal Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, International Programs, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.,Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Ikhide G Imumorin
- Animal Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, International Programs, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Tian Z, Du J, Yang J, Liu A, Liu X, Liu G, Yin H. A PCR-RFLP Assay targeting RPS8 gene for the discrimination between bovine Babesia and Theileria species in China. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:475. [PMID: 26382041 PMCID: PMC4573672 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine babesiosis and theileriosis is an important hemoprotozoal disease in cattles and yaks in tropical and subtropical regions leading to significant economic losses. In the field, the risk of co-infection between the bovine Babesia and Theileria species is very high. Thus, it is necessary to develop a simple, accurate, rapid and cost-effective method for large-scale epidemic investigation, in particular for the detection of co-infection in field. Methods In this study, DNA sequences of a ribosomal protein S8 (RPS8) gene from eight species of cattle piroplasms in China were used to develop a species-specific PCR-RFLP diagnostic tool. The eight Theileria and Babesia species could be differentiated by digesting the RPS8 PCR product with Mbo I. Results The sensitivity of the PCR assays was 0.1 pg DNA for Babesia species but 1 pg DNA for Theileria species. The clearly different size of the PCR-RFLP products allowed for a direct discrimination between eight bovine Theileria and Babesia species (T. annulata, T. sinensis, T. sergenti, B. ovata, B. bovis, B. bigemina, B. major and Babesia species Kashi isolate). Conclusion Our results indicated that the established method based on the RPS8 gene was a reliable molecular diagnostic tool for the simultaneous detection and identification of bovine Babesia and Theileria species in China, which could be applicable for the survey of parasite dynamics, epidemiological studies as well as prevention and control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhancheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, P. R. China.
| | - Junzheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, P. R. China
| | - Jifei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, P. R. China
| | - Aihong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, P. R. China
| | - Xiaocui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, P. R. China
| | - Guangyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, P. R. China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, P. R. China.
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13
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Tang HJ, Lan YG, Wen YZ, Zhang XC, Desquesnes M, Yang TB, Hide G, Lun ZR. Detection of Trypanosoma lewisi from wild rats in Southern China and its genetic diversity based on the ITS1 and ITS2 sequences. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2012; 12:1046-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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