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Mir FH, Tanveer S, Para BA. Evaluation of anthelmintic efficacy of ethanolic leaf extract of Juglans regia L. on Ascaridia galli: a comprehensive in vitro and in vivo study. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:2321-2330. [PMID: 38771447 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10411-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Anthelmintic resistance in livestock animals has been spreading across the world in prevalence and severity. As a result, researchers are exploring alternative strategies to combat this issue, and one promising avenue is the utilization of medicinal plants. This study aims to investigate the anthelmintic efficacy of the crude ethanolic extract (CEE) derived from the leaves of Juglans regia against one of the most detrimental nematode parasites affecting poultry, namely Ascaridia galli (A. galli). For the in vitro studies, adult A. galli worms were collected from the naturally infected chickens and the efficacy of CEE was measured at the concentration of 25, 50, and 100 mg/ml using adult worm motility inhibition (WMI) assay. In addition, levamisole (0.55 mg/ml) was used as the positive control. Likewise, Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was used as the negative control. For the in vivo studies, CEE of J.regia at the doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg were evaluated in chickens experimentally infected with A. galli. The anthelmintic efficacy was monitored using faecal egg count reduction (FECR) and worm count reduction (WCR) assays. In vitro studies revealed significant (P < 0.001) anthelmintic effects of CEE of J.regia on the motility of A. galli worms at different hours post-exposure. At the concentration of 100 mg/ml, CEE resulted in 96.5% inhibition of worm motility at 24 h post-exposure. While the synthetic anthelmintic drug, levamisole caused the highest inhibition of worm motility (100%) at the same time period. The in vivo anthelmintic activity of CEE of J. regia demonstrated a maximum effect on day 14 post-treatment by inducing 67.28% FECR and 65.03% WCR. We observed no significant difference (P > 0.05) in worm counts between the negative control group and the chickens treated with CEE at the dosage of 500 mg/kg. Together, the results of the present study suggest that CEE of J. regia leaves possess anthelmintic properties and could be a potential source of novel anthelmintic compounds for controlling helminth parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayaz Hussain Mir
- Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Syed Tanveer
- Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Para
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Samiei A, Tavassoli M, Esmaeilnejad B. Green synthesis and anthelmintic activity of silver nanoparticles using Morus Alba Fruit extract against different stages of equine strongyles. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:2083-2098. [PMID: 38568387 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The current study was designed to green synthesize silver nanoparticles (GRAgNPs) using Morus alba fruit extract and evaluate their nematicidal effects against strongyle nematodes compared to commercial silver nanoparticles (CAgNPs) in vitro. The nanoparticles were characterized by Ultraviolet-visual absorption spectrography, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Next, uptake of AgNPs by the first stage larvae (L1), egg hatch inhibition (EHI) and the motility of infectious larvae (L3s), and the ultrastructural analysis of the eggs and worms were conducted. Moreover, some of oxidative/nitrosative stress indicators, including total antioxidant status content (TAC), protein carbonylation (PCO), lipid peroxidation (MDA), and DNA damage were assessed in the homogenized samples of strongyle L3s. We found that the GRAgNPs had spherical shape, 20-30 nm in diameter with rough surface. Following incubation with GRAgNPs at concentrations of 43.40, 21.70 and 10.85 ppm and CAgNPs at concentrations of 43.40 and 21.70, EHI was more than 90%. In addition, concentrations of 43.40 and 21.70 ppm of GRAgNPs led to inhibition of larval motility by more than 90%. The LC50 at 24 h of treatment for GRAgNPs and CAgNPs was determined to be 8.62 and 10.34 ppm, respectively. GRAgNPs and CAgNPs, in a concentration-dependent manner, resulted in the induction of oxidative/nitrosative stress evidenced by decreased TAC levels, and increased levels of MDA and PCO, together with increased DNA damage. The uptake of AgNPs by the L1 larvae revealed that FITC labeled GRAgNPs fluoresced with high intensity largely in the intestinal area. Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis of eggs and larvae revealed that GRAgNPs penetrated the cuticle of larvae, changed the tegmentum, and ultimately killed the worm. In conclusion, GRAgNPs had more robust anthelminthic effects than the standard antiparasitic and CAgNPs. They could be considered as a promising antiparasitic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awat Samiei
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mousa Tavassoli
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bijan Esmaeilnejad
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
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Lima ES, de Araújo Pinheiro A, da Rocha CQ, E Silva CR, Costa-Junior LM, Alencar LMR, Soares AMS. An alkaloidal fraction of Annona tomentosa possesses anthelmintic activity and induces surface modifications in Haemonchus contortus. Vet Parasitol 2024; 329:110195. [PMID: 38754156 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The nematode Haemonchus contortus is, as a parasite, responsible for most mortality of small ruminants, causing significant economic losses. Numerous plant-derived compounds have exhibited promising anthelmintic activities against this nematode. Notably, the Annona genus stands out for demonstrated anthelmintic effects by extracts from several of its species against different nematodes. This study aimed to assess the effect of an Annona tomentosa fraction, rich in alkaloids, on H. contortus. This fraction, named Alk.F, is derived from the methanolic extract of the plant's stem bark. Chemical characterization of Alk.F was performed by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Among the nine predominant peaks obtained, seven alkaloids were identified: reticuline, reticuline N-oxide, reticuline N-oxide isomer, cyclanoline, asimilobine, tetrahydropalmatine and anonaine. Alk.F inhibited the larval development of H. contortus with an IC50 of 0.026 mg/mL, inhibited larval exsheathment with an IC50 of 0.38 mg/mL, and displayed low hemolytic activity towards sheep erythrocytes. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy revealed that Alk.F altered adhesive forces and the height profile on the surface of H. contortus larvae. In conclusion, A. tomentosa alkaloids alter the cuticle structure of H. contortus, inhibiting larval development and exsheathment, thus offering possibilities for contributing to the development of new anthelmintic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda S Lima
- The Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment (PPGSA) - Academic Master's Center for Biological and Health Sciences. Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Aglaete de Araújo Pinheiro
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Quintino da Rocha
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Carolina Rocha E Silva
- The Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment (PPGSA) - Academic Master's Center for Biological and Health Sciences. Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Livio Martins Costa-Junior
- Department of Pathology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Luciana Magalhães Rebêlo Alencar
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Biophysics and Nanossystems, Federal University of Maranhão, Campus Bacanga, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Martins Santos Soares
- The Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment (PPGSA) - Academic Master's Center for Biological and Health Sciences. Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil; Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil.
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Ahmadzadeh Naghadeh Y, Malekifard F, Esmaeilnejad B. In Vitro anthelmintic efficacy of medicinal plant essential oils against Marshallagia marshalli: Evidence on oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers, DNA damage, and egg hatchability. Vet Parasitol 2024; 327:110138. [PMID: 38286059 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
One of the major public health problems is drug resistance in parasitic diseases. It is therefore important to find new active ingredients to combat parasites. Herbal products such as essential oils (EOs) may show promise in treating infections caused by gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs). This study investigated the in vitro anthelmintic activity of the EOs of Lavandula angustifolia and Quercus infectoria against Marshallagia marshalli. The in vitro study was based on an egg hatch test (EHT), adult and larval motility inhibition tests, DNA damage, and several biomarkers of oxidative/nitrosative stress, including superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], and glutathione peroxidase [GSH -Px], protein carbonylation [PCO], malondialdehyde [MDA], total antioxidant status [TAS], and nitric oxide levels [NO]. Different concentrations of Lavandula angustifolia and Quercus infectoria EOs (1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 mg/ml) were used to determine the anthelmintic effect on three stages of the life cycle of M. marshalli, i.e. eggs, larvae and adult parasites, for 24 hr. The results showed that EOs of L. angustifolia and Q. infectoria play an important role as anthelmintics. These essential oils significantly reduced the egg hatching and motility of larval and adult worms. This anthelmintic effect is dependent on concentration and time. Furthermore, the EOs of L. angustifolia and Q. infectoria caused oxidative/nitrosative stress (reduced SOD, GSH-Px and CAT and increased MDA, PCO and NO) and DNA damage, thereby providing significant antihelminthic effects. Based on the results, it seems that the EOs extracted from L. angustifolia and Q. infectoria may be effective in the control and treatment of M. marshalli infections. Further research is needed to investigate their potential for in vivo use in the treatment of parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farnaz Malekifard
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Bijan Esmaeilnejad
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Mhlongo LC, Mseleku C, Tenza T, Fomum SW, McGaw LJ, Hassen A, Nsahlai IV. A Review of Ethnomedicinal Plants as Potential Anthelmintic Agents to Alternatively Control Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Ruminants in South Africa. J Parasitol Res 2024; 2024:7955692. [PMID: 38268708 PMCID: PMC10805549 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7955692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Small ruminant production is one of the most important animal productions for food security in the world, especially in the developing world. Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection is a threat to this animal's production. Conventional drugs that are used to control these parasites are losing their efficacy due to the development of resistant parasites. These drugs are not biologically degradable, taint meat products and are also expensive for communal farmers. Hence, research is now exploring ethnomedicinal anthelmintic plants for an alternative remedy. The objective of this paper was to review ethnomedicinal plants as a potential alternative to unsustainable commercial anthelmintics. This review sought to understand common GINs infecting ruminants, resistance manifestation in GINs to conventional treatment, reasons communal farmers choose ethnomedicine, and modes of action in anthelmintic plants. It also examined the usage of plants and plant parts, dosage forms, methods for improving bioactivity, convectional validation procedures, and restrictions on ethnomedicinal plant use as anthelmintics in ethnomedicine. Such insight is essential, as it highlights the importance of ethnoveterinary medicine and ways to adopt or improve it as a potential alternative to conventional anthelmintics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cresswell Mseleku
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Thando Tenza
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Sylvester Werekeh Fomum
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Lyndy Joy McGaw
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Abubeker Hassen
- Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Ignatius Verla Nsahlai
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Raletsena MV, Pooe OJ, Mongalo NI. A Systematic Review of Curtisia dentata Endemic to South Africa: Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2159. [PMID: 38004299 PMCID: PMC10672514 DOI: 10.3390/life13112159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of traditional medicine in treating a variety of both human and animal infections is ancient and still relevant. This is due to the resistance exhibited by most pathogenic microbial stains to currently-used antibiotics. The current work reports the phytochemistry, ethno-medicinal uses, toxicology, and most important pharmacological activities that validate the use of the plant species in African traditional medicine. Curtisia dendata is used in the treatment of many human and animal infections, including diarrhea, skin and related conditions, sexually transmitted infections, cancer, and a variety of ethno-veterinary infections. Pharmacologically, the plant species exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against a variety of pathogens. Further, both extracts and compounds isolated from the plant species exhibited potent antioxidant, anticancer, anti-parasitic, anti-inflammatory, and other important biological activities. Phytochemically, the plant species possess a variety of compounds, particularly triterpenes, that may well explain the various pharmacological activities of the plant species. The toxicological parameters, antimicrobial activities against microorganisms related to sexually transmitted infections, anti-diabetic effects, and inflammatory properties of the plant species are not well studied and still need to be explored. The biological activities observed validate the use of the plant species in African traditional medicine, particularly in the treatment of pulmonary infections associated with Mycobacterium species, and may well be due to the presence of triterpenes prevalent in the leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maropeng Vellry Raletsena
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Laboratories, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida 0610, South Africa;
| | - Ofentse Jacob Pooe
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa;
| | - Nkoana Ishmael Mongalo
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Laboratories, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida 0610, South Africa;
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de Paula LL, Campos VP, Terra WC, Pedroso MP, Barros AF, Pacheco PVM, da Silva MSG. Effect of 4-Ethylbenzaldehyde from the Volatilome of Annona muricata on Meloidogyne incognita. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:2352-2358. [PMID: 37552644 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-22-1075-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The demand for new soil fumigants has increased as a result of more restrictive legislation regarding the use of pesticides. In the present study, the potent nematicidal activity of volatile organic compounds released by the Annona muricata leaf macerate was demonstrated. In addition, we searched in the A. muricata volatilome for a molecule with potential to be developed as a new fumigant nematicide. In the greenhouse, even the lowest concentration of soursop leaf macerate tested (1.0%) as a biofumigant caused a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in Meloidogyne incognita infectivity and reproduction when compared with the nontreated control (0%). Forty-one compounds were identified through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, of which three (sabinene, caryophyllene oxide, and 4-ethylbenzaldehyde) were selected for studies against the nematode. Among these compounds, in in vitro trails, only 4-ethylbenzaldehyde showed nematicidal activity at 250 µg ml-1. The effective doses of 4-ethylbenzaldehyde predicted to kill 50 and 95% of the M. incognita second-stage juvenile population after 48 h of exposure were 35 and 88 µg ml-1, respectively. In in vitro tests, 4-ethylbenzaldehyde at 150 µg ml-1 reduced M. incognita egg hatching to values similar (P > 0.05) to those of the commercial nematicide fluensulfone at a concentration of 200 µg ml-1. In plant experiments, as a soil fumigant, 4-ethylbenzaldehyde at a dose of 1 ml/liter of substrate had an effect similar (P > 0.05) to that of the commercial fumigant Dazomet (250 µg ml-1). Therefore, 4-ethylbenzaldehyde shows potential for development as a new nematicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia L de Paula
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Phytopathology, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Vicente P Campos
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Phytopathology, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Willian C Terra
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Phytopathology, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Márcio P Pedroso
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Chemistry, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Aline F Barros
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Phytopathology, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo V M Pacheco
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Phytopathology, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Maysa S G da Silva
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Phytopathology, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
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El-Wakil ES, Abdelmaksoud HF, Wakid MH, Alsulami MN, Hammam O, Albohiri HH, Ghallab MMI. Annona muricata Leaf as an Anti-Cryptosporidial Agent: An In Silico Molecular Docking Analysis and In Vivo Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:878. [PMID: 37375825 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidiosis is a serious parasitic diarrheal disease linked to the occurrence of colorectal cancer in immunocompromised patients. The FDA-approved drug nitazoxanide (NTZ) achieved a temporary effect, and relapses occur. Annona muricata leaf is widely used in traditional medicine to treat a wide range of disorders, including antiparasitic and anticancer effects. So, this study aimed to investigate Annona muricata leaf antiparasitic and anticancer properties compared to NTZ in Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) acutely and chronically infected immunosuppressed mice. A molecular docking analysis was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of some biologically active compounds that represented the pharmacological properties of Annona muricata leaf-rich extract toward C. parvum lactate dehydrogenase compared to NTZ. For the in vivo study, eighty immunosuppressed albino mice were classified into four groups as follows: group I: infected and treated with A. muricata; group II: infected and treated with nitazoxanide; group III: infected and received no treatment; and group IV: were neither infected nor treated. Furthermore, half of the mice in groups I and II received the drugs on the 10th day post-infection (dpi), and the other half received treatment on the 90th day post-infection. Parasitological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical evaluations were performed. The docking analysis showed that the lowest estimated free energy of binding of annonacin, casuarine, L-epigallocatechin, P-coumaric acid, and ellagic acid toward C. parvum LDH, were -6.11, -6.32, -7.51, -7.81, and -9.64 kcal/mol, respectively, while NTZ was -7.03 kcal/mol. Parasitological examination displayed a significantly high difference in C. parvum oocyst mean counts in groups I and II compared to group III (p-value < 0.001), with group I demonstrating the highest efficacy. The analyses of histopathological and immunohistochemical results revealed that group I showed restoration of the normal villous pattern without evidence of dysplasia or malignancy. A. muricata leaf has proved to be a reliable agent for Cryptosporidium treatment. This paper argues for its promising use as an antiparasitic agent and for the prevention of neoplastic sequels of Cryptosporidium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman S El-Wakil
- Department of Parasitology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba 12411, Egypt
| | - Hagar F Abdelmaksoud
- Department of Parasitology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba 12411, Egypt
| | - Majed H Wakid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muslimah N Alsulami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olfat Hammam
- Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba 12411, Egypt
| | - Haleema H Albohiri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa M I Ghallab
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
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Santos IL, Rodrigues AMDC, Amante ER, Silva LHMD. Soursop ( Annona muricata) Properties and Perspectives for Integral Valorization. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071448. [PMID: 37048268 PMCID: PMC10093693 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased international interest in the properties of soursop (Annona muricata) alerts us to the sustainability of productive chain by-products, which are rich in phytochemicals and other properties justifying their industrial application in addition to reducing the environmental impact and generating income. Chemical characteristics of soursop by-products are widely known in the scientific community; this fruit has several therapeutic effects, especially its leaves, enabling it to be used by the pharmaceutical industry. Damaged and non-standard fruits (due to falling and crushing) (30-50%), seeds (3-8.5%), peels (7-20%), and leaves, although they constitute discarded waste, can be considered as by-products. There are other less cited parts of the plant that also have phytochemical components, such as the columella and the epidermis of the stem and root. Tropical countries are examples of producers where soursop is marketed as fresh fruit or frozen pulp, and the valorization of all parts of the fruit could represent important environmental and economic perspectives. Based on the chemical composition of the fruit as well as its by-products and leaves, this work discusses proposals for the valorization of these materials. Soursop powder, bioactive compounds, oil, biochar, biodiesel, bio-oil, and other products based on published studies are presented in this work, offering new ideas for opportunities for the regions and consumers that produce soursop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivone Lima Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (PPGCTA) [Graduate Program in Science and Food Technology], Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
| | - Antonio Manoel da Cruz Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (PPGCTA) [Graduate Program in Science and Food Technology], Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
| | - Edna Regina Amante
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (PPGCTA) [Graduate Program in Science and Food Technology], Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
| | - Luiza Helena Meller da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (PPGCTA) [Graduate Program in Science and Food Technology], Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
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Ahmed H, Kilinc SG, Celik F, Kesik HK, Simsek S, Ahmad KS, Afzal MS, Farrakh S, Safdar W, Pervaiz F, Liaqat S, Zhang J, Cao J. An Inventory of Anthelmintic Plants across the Globe. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12010131. [PMID: 36678480 PMCID: PMC9866317 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide range of novelties and significant developments in the field of veterinary science to treat helminth parasites by using natural plant products have been assessed in recent years. To the best of our knowledge, to date, there has not been such a comprehensive review of 19 years of articles on the anthelmintic potential of plants against various types of helminths in different parts of the world. Therefore, the present study reviews the available information on a large number of medicinal plants and their pharmacological effects, which may facilitate the development of an effective management strategy against helminth parasites. An electronic search in four major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) was performed for articles published between January 2003 and April 2022. Information about plant species, local name, family, distribution, plant tissue used, and target parasite species was tabulated. All relevant studies meeting the inclusion criteria were assessed, and 118 research articles were included. In total, 259 plant species were reviewed as a potential source of anthelmintic drugs. These plants can be used as a source of natural drugs to treat helminth infections in animals, and their use would potentially reduce economic losses and improve livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chakh Shazad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Seyma Gunyakti Kilinc
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingol University, Bingol 12000, Turkey
| | - Figen Celik
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig 23119, Turkey
| | - Harun Kaya Kesik
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingol University, Bingol 12000, Turkey
| | - Sami Simsek
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig 23119, Turkey
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Khawaja Shafique Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir 12350, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Afzal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Management & Technology (UMT), Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Farrakh
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chakh Shazad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Safdar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Pervaiz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chakh Shazad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Liaqat
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chakh Shazad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Jing Zhang
- The School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- The School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai 200025, China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai 200025, China
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (J.C.)
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Anthelmintic Agents from African Medicinal Plants: Review and Prospects. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8023866. [PMID: 36624864 PMCID: PMC9825222 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8023866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminthiasis affects more than 1.5 billion people globally and largely remains a sanitary problem in Africa. These infections place a huge economic burden on poor countries and affect livestock production, causing substantial economic losses and poor animal health. The emergence of anthelmintic resistance, especially in livestock, and the potential for its widespread in humans create a need for the development of alternative therapies. Medicinal plants play a significant role in the management of parasitic diseases in humans and livestock, especially in Africa. This report reviews anthelmintic studies that have been conducted on medicinal plants growing in Africa and published within the past two decades. A search was made in various electronic databases, and only full articles in English were included in the review. Reports show that aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts and polar fractions obtained from these crude extracts form the predominant (80%) form of the extracts studied. Medicinal plants, extracts, and compounds with different chemical groups have been studied for their anthelmintic potential. Polyphenols and terpenoids are the most reported groups. More than 64% of the studies employed in vitro assays against parasitic and nonparasitic nematode models. Egg hatch inhibition, larval migration inhibition, and paralysis are the common parameters assessed in vitro. About 72% of in vivo models involved small ruminants, 15% rodents, and 5% chicken. Egg and worm burden are the main factors assessed in vivo. There were no reports on interventions in humans cited within the period under consideration. Also, few reports have investigated the potential of combining plant extracts with common anthelmintic drugs. This review reveals the huge potential of African medicinal plants as sources of anthelmintic agents and the dire need for in-depth clinical studies of extracts, fractions, and compounds from African plants as anthelmintic agents in livestock, companion animals, and humans.
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Orengo KO, Mbaria JM, Ndichu M, Jafred K, Okumu MO. Preliminary Phytochemical Composition and In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts of Olea africana against Mixed Gastrointestinal Worms in Dogs. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:5224527. [PMID: 36016686 PMCID: PMC9398766 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5224527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Olea africana is used by some indigenous communities in Kenya to control gastrointestinal worms in animals. Plant-based anthelmintics are gaining popularity globally in the control of gastrointestinal worms in animals. The egg hatch inhibition assay was used to assess the in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of O. africana against the eggs of mixed gastrointestinal helminths in dogs. Probit regression was used to calculate the concentration of extracts that inhibited egg hatching by 50% (IC50). Albendazole was used as a control. Standard techniques were used to quantify the phytochemicals in the extracts. The aqueous extract had an IC50 of 1.85 mg/mL (1.64-2.10), and the ethanol extract had an IC50 of 0.25 mg/mL (0.23-0.26). Quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed that aqueous and ethanol extracts of O. africana contained alkaloids (19.40 and 61.60%), saponins (24.00 and 6.00%), phenols (0.95 and 1.28 mg/g gallic acid equivalents (GAE)), flavonoids (8.71 and 12.26 mg/g catechin equivalents (CE)), and tannins (67.30 and 76.30 mg/g of tannic acid equivalent (TAE)), respectively. O. africana has dose-dependent anthelmintic effects against mixed gastrointestinal worms in dogs. These findings support the traditional use of Olea africana as a treatment option for gastrointestinal worms in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Otieno Orengo
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 29053-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Mucunu Mbaria
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 29053-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Maingi Ndichu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology, and Parasitology, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 29053-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kitaa Jafred
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 29053-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mitchel Otieno Okumu
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 29053-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
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Meza-Gutiérrez NN, Magallón-Servín P, Balois-Morales R, Pérez-Ramírez IF, López-Guzmán GG, Berumen-Varela G, Bautista-Rosales PU. Growth Promoting Activity of Annona muricata L. Leaf Extracts on Lactobacillus casei. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:581. [PMID: 35270049 PMCID: PMC8912565 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soursop leaves are a source of phytochemical compounds, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, hydrolyzable tannins, and acetogenins. These compounds can have several types of biological activities. Lactic acid bacteria can uptake phenolic compounds present in plants or fruits. The aim of the present work was to investigate the in vitro effect of hexane, acetone, methanolic, and aqueous extracts of soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) on the growth, motility, and biofilm formation of Lactobacillus casei, and to determine compounds related to growth. The minimum concentration promoting growth, motility (swimming, swarming, and twitching), and biofilm-forming capacity (crystal violet) were evaluated. The results showed the growth-promoting capacity of acetone and aqueous extracts at low doses 25-50 mg/L, and an inhibition in the four extracts at higher doses of 100 mg/L. The L. casei growth is related to ellagic acid, quercetin rhamnoside, kaempferol dihexoside, quercetin hexoside, secoisolariciresinol, and kaempferol hexoside-rhamnoside. Hexane extract increased the three types of motility, while aqueous maintained swimming and twitching motility similar to control. The four extracts inhibited the biofilm formation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimcy Noemí Meza-Gutiérrez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Km 9 Carretera Tepic-Compostela, Xalisco C.P. 63180, Nayarit, Mexico; (N.N.M.-G.); (R.B.-M.)
- Unidad de Tecnología de Alimentos, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N, Colonia Centro, Tepic C.P. 63000, Nayarit, Mexico;
| | - Paola Magallón-Servín
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Km 1 Carretera a San Juan de La Costa “El Comitan”, La Paz C.P. 23205, Baja California Sur, Mexico;
- Bashan Institure of Sciences, 1730 Post Oak Ct, Auburn, AL 36830, USA
| | - Rosendo Balois-Morales
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Km 9 Carretera Tepic-Compostela, Xalisco C.P. 63180, Nayarit, Mexico; (N.N.M.-G.); (R.B.-M.)
- Unidad de Tecnología de Alimentos, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N, Colonia Centro, Tepic C.P. 63000, Nayarit, Mexico;
| | - Iza Fernanda Pérez-Ramírez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, C.U., Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro C.P. 76010, Querétaro, Mexico;
| | - Graciela Guadalupe López-Guzmán
- Unidad Académica de Agricultura, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Km 9 Carretera Tepic-Compostela, Xalisco C.P. 63780, Nayarit, Mexico;
| | - Guillermo Berumen-Varela
- Unidad de Tecnología de Alimentos, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N, Colonia Centro, Tepic C.P. 63000, Nayarit, Mexico;
| | - Pedro Ulises Bautista-Rosales
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Km 9 Carretera Tepic-Compostela, Xalisco C.P. 63180, Nayarit, Mexico; (N.N.M.-G.); (R.B.-M.)
- Unidad de Tecnología de Alimentos, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N, Colonia Centro, Tepic C.P. 63000, Nayarit, Mexico;
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Toxicities of the copper and zinc oxide nanoparticles on Marshallagia marshalli (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae): evidence on oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers, DNA damage and egg hatchability. J Helminthol 2021; 95:e70. [PMID: 34852860 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x21000584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the in vitro anthelmintic activity of copper oxide (CuO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) against Marshallagia marshalli. The in vitro study was based on an egg hatch assay, adult and larvae motility inhibition assays, DNA damage, intensity protein profile along with several oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), protein carbonylation (PCO), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS) and nitric oxide (NO) content. Different concentrations of CuO-NPs and ZnO-NPs (1, 4, 8, 12 and 16 ppm) were used to assess anthelmintic effects on three stages of M. marshalli life cycle - that is, eggs, larvae and adult parasites for 24 h. The results indicated that CuO-NPs and ZnO-NPs played a significant role as anthelminthics, and the effect was dependent on time and concentration. The concentrations of 12 and 16 ppm of CuO-NPs and 16 ppm of ZnO-NPs resulted in the induction of oxidative/nitrosative stress (decreased SOD, GSH-Px and CAT, and increased MDA, PCO and NO), increased DNA damage, inhibition of adult and larval motility, egg hatch and low intensity of protein bands following sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, compared to control. It was concluded that CuO-NPs and ZnO-NPs could be utilized as novel and potential agents for the control and treatment of M. marshalli infection, and they have the pharmacological potential to be studied in vivo for further utilization in treating parasitic infections.
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Cárdenas C, Torres-Vargas JA, Cárdenas-Valdivia A, Jurado N, Quesada AR, García-Caballero M, Martínez-Poveda B, Medina MÁ. Non-targeted metabolomics characterization of Annona muricata leaf extracts with anti-angiogenic activity. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112263. [PMID: 34626933 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tropical plant Annona muricata has been widely used for traditional ethnobotanic and pharmacologic applications. Extracts from different parts of this plant have been shown to have a wide range of biological activities. In the present study, we carry out a metabolomic study of both aqueous and DMSO extracts from Annona muricata leaves that has allowed us to identify 33 bioactive compounds. Furthermore, we have shown that aqueous extracts are able to inhibit endothelial cell migration and both aqueous and DMSO extracts inhibit the formation of tubule-like structures by endothelial cells cultured on Matrigel. We conclude that extracts of Annona muricata leaves have great potential as anti-angiogenic natural combinations of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casimiro Cárdenas
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; Research Support Central Services (SCAI) of the University of Málaga, Spain
| | - José Antonio Torres-Vargas
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Abel Cárdenas-Valdivia
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Nuria Jurado
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana R Quesada
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Melissa García-Caballero
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Poveda
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-29071 Málaga, Spain.
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Evaluation of Annona muricata (Graviola) leaves activity against experimental trichinellosis: in vitro and in vivo studies. J Helminthol 2021; 95:e53. [PMID: 34515021 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x21000481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Our work aimed to evaluate the possible effect of Annona muricata (Graviola) leaf extract on Trichinella spiralis in in vitro and in vivo studies. Trichinella spiralis worms were isolated from infected mice and transferred to three culture media - group I (with no drugs), group II (contained Graviola) and group III (contained albendazole) - then they were examined using the electron microscope. In the in vivo study, mice were divided into five groups: GI (infected untreated), GII (prophylactically treated with Graviola for seven days before infection), GIII (infected and treated with Graviola), GIV (infected and treated with albendazole) and GV (infected and treated with a combination of Graviola plus albendazole in half doses). Drug effects were assessed by adults and larvae load beside the histopathological small intestinal and muscular changes. A significant reduction of adult and larval counts occurred in treated groups in comparison to the control group. Histopathologically, marked improvement in the small intestinal and muscular changes was observed in treated groups. Also, massive destruction of the cultured adults' cuticle was detected in both drugs. This study revealed that Graviola leaves have potential activity against trichinellosis, especially in combination with albendazole, and could serve as an adjuvant to anti-trichinellosis drug therapy.
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da Silva GD, de Lima HG, de Sousa NB, de Jesus Genipapeiro IL, Uzêda RS, Branco A, Costa SL, Batatinha MJM, Botura MB. In vitro anthelmintic evaluation of three alkaloids against gastrointestinal nematodes of goats. Vet Parasitol 2021; 296:109505. [PMID: 34218173 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the in vitro anthelmintic activity of the alkaloids berberine, harmaline and piperine on gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) of goat and their possible cytotoxic effects in Vero cells. The anthelmintic evaluation was performed using the egg hatch (EHA) and larval motility (LMA) assays. Cytotoxicity was determined using the 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The alkaloids berberine and piperine inhibited the hatching of GIN eggs in more than 90 %. Piperine was the most active compound against goat GIN eggs with an EC50 (effective concentration 50 %) of 0.0074 mM (0.0021 mg/mL), while the EC50 of berberine was 1.32 mM (0.49 mg/mL). Harmaline (EC50 = 1.6 mM - 0.34 mg/mL) showed moderate ovicidal action (80.30 %). In LMA, piperine and harmaline reduced larval motility in 2.75 and 25.29 %, respectively. Larvicidal efficacy was evidenced only with the alkaloid berberine, which showed a percentage of inhibition of larval motility of 98.17 % (2.69 mM =1.0 mg/mL). In the MTT assay, all alkaloids showed low toxicity to Vero cells, with a percentage of cell viability greater than 50 % in all concentrations tested. These results suggest that berberine and piperine have anthelmintic potential on goat gastrointestinal nematodes with low toxicity to mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Dias da Silva
- Laboratório de Toxicologia e Fitoterapia (LATOF), Hospital de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Ademar de Barros, 500, Ondina, CEP: 40170-110, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Hélimar Gonçalves de Lima
- Laboratório de Toxicologia e Fitoterapia (LATOF), Hospital de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Ademar de Barros, 500, Ondina, CEP: 40170-110, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Nilmara Borges de Sousa
- Laboratório de Toxicologia e Fitoterapia (LATOF), Hospital de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Ademar de Barros, 500, Ondina, CEP: 40170-110, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Igor Leonardo de Jesus Genipapeiro
- Laboratório de Toxicologia e Fitoterapia (LATOF), Hospital de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Ademar de Barros, 500, Ondina, CEP: 40170-110, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Soares Uzêda
- Laboratório de Toxicologia e Fitoterapia (LATOF), Hospital de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Ademar de Barros, 500, Ondina, CEP: 40170-110, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias (LDPA), Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Ademar de Barros, 500, Ondina, CEP: 40170-110, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Alexsandro Branco
- Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av.Transnordestina s/n, 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon, s/n, Vale do Canela, CEP: 40110-100, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Maria José Moreira Batatinha
- Laboratório de Toxicologia e Fitoterapia (LATOF), Hospital de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Ademar de Barros, 500, Ondina, CEP: 40170-110, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Mariana Borges Botura
- Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av.Transnordestina s/n, 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil.
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Antinematode Activity of Abomasum Bacterial Culture Filtrates against Haemonchus contortus in Small Ruminants. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061843. [PMID: 34205748 PMCID: PMC8235536 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Haemonchus contortus is an important gastrointestinal nematode parasite of the tropical and sub-tropical regions that cause haemonchosis in small ruminants like goats and sheep. It causes low production, reduced growth and may cause death of the infected animals. Due to the resistance development and environmental issues, the use of anthelmintics can be replaced with biological control, which is an environment friendly alternative. In the present study, three bacteria viz; Comamonas testosteroni, C. jiangduensis and Pseudomonas weihenstephanesis showed significant effect on nematode mortality and egg hatch inhibition. It was also observed that the anthelmintic activity of these bacteria was dose dependent, where 100% bacterial metabolite concentration showed the highest activity. It is suggested that these bacteria may included in the integrated nematode management. Abstract Haemonchosis is a parasitic disease of small ruminants that adversely affects livestock production. Haemonchus contortus is one of the most prevalent nematode parasites that infect the abomasum of small ruminants. This parasite reduces milk production, overall growth and sometimes causes the death of the infected animals. The evaluation of the biocontrol potential of some abomasum bacterial isolates against H. contortus is investigated in this study. Out of which, three isolates—Comamonas testosteroni, Comamonas jiangduensis, Pseudomonas weihenstephanesis—show significant effect against the nematode L3, adult, and egg hatch inhibition assays. Various concentrations of metabolites from these bacteria are prepared and applied in different treatments compared with control. In the case of adult mortality assay, 50% metabolites of C. testosteroni and P. weihenstephanesis show 46% adult mortality, whereas C. jiangduensis shows 40% mortality. It is observed that decreasing the concentration of bacterial metabolite, lowers nematode mortality. The minimum nematode mortality rate is recorded at the lowest filtrates concentration of all the bacterial isolates. The same trend is observed in egg hatch inhibition assay, where the higher concentration of bacterial culture filtrates shows 100% inhibition of H. contortus egg. It is concluded that the effect of bacterial culture filtrates against H. contortus is dose-dependent for their activity against nematode L3, adult, and inhibition of egg hatchment.
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Muda I, Prastowo J, Nurcahyo W, Sarmin S. Anthelmintic effect of Indigofera tinctoria L on Haemonchus contortus obtained from sheep in Indonesia. Vet World 2021; 14:1272-1278. [PMID: 34220130 PMCID: PMC8243676 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1272-1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Hemonchosis has resulted in huge economic losses for sheep farmers worldwide. Secondary metabolite compounds from Indigofera tinctoria L. can be used as anthelmintics. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effects of I. tinctoria L. aqueous extract (IAE) as an anthelmintic against adult Haemonchus contortus isolated from sheep. Materials and Methods: Ten active adult worms were placed in each Petri dish containing 25 mL of IAE, each having a different concentration of IAE (at concentrations 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, and 220 mg/mL). Each experiment was repeated. The positive control used 1% albendazole, and the negative control used 0.62% saline water. The number of immobile worms and the time of mortality were recorded after 2, 4, 6, and 8 h. The dead worms were subsequently tested using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the in vivo study, 15 sheep with an average fecal egg count (FEC) of 1000 eggs per gram were treated with IAE for 9 days: Group A (negative control, saline water 0.62%), Group B (21 mg/mL), Group C (41 mg/mL), Group D (62 mg/mL), and Group E (positive control, albendazole 100 mg/mL). Measurements of the body weight, FEC reduction test, and hematology testing were performed on days 0, 7, and 14. SEM was performed using worms found from the abomasum of slaughtered sheep. Results: The leaves of I. tinctoria L. contained a number of secondary metabolites, including total tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The most effective concentration that killed the adult H. contortus worms was 220 mg/mL (93.33% mortality) after 8 h of treatment. The electrophoresis results showed that the protein band at a dose of 22% was less than that of the control. The highest FECR value of the treatment group on the 14th day after treatment was at a dose of 62 mg/mL. The highest weight gain as well as the highest increased hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), and total erythrocyte count (TEC) values on the 14th day after treatment were at a dose of 41 mg/mL. The SEM results showed that IAE treatment caused the worms’ anterior parts to become wrinkled with thick creases and cuticle abrasion (in vitro) and the anterior part to shrink along with the presence of aggregates in the worm cuticle (in vivo). Conclusion: The aqueous extract of I. tinctoria contains tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and alkaloids and has an anthelmintic effect with decreased FEC, increased weight gain, Hb, PCV, and TEC, causing damage to the worms’ body and reducing the protein profile of adult H. contortus worms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iskandar Muda
- Doctoral Study Program of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.,Animal Husbandry Training Center - Batu, Jl. Songgoriti 24 Batu, East Java, 65312, Indonesia
| | - Joko Prastowo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Wisnu Nurcahyo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Sarmin Sarmin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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Mitsuwan W, Sin C, Keo S, Sangkanu S, de Lourdes Pereira M, Jimoh TO, Salibay CC, Nawaz M, Norouzi R, Siyadatpanah A, Wiart C, Wilairatana P, Mutombo PN, Nissapatorn V. Potential anti- Acanthamoeba and anti-adhesion activities of Annona muricata and Combretum trifoliatum extracts and their synergistic effects in combination with chlorhexidine against Acanthamoeba triangularis trophozoites and cysts. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06976. [PMID: 34027178 PMCID: PMC8131895 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants with medicinal properties have been used in the treatment of several infectious diseases, including Acanthamoeba infections. The medicinal properties of Cambodian plant extracts; Annona muricata and Combretum trifoliatum were investigated against Acanthamoeba triangularis. A total of 39 plant extracts were evaluated and, as a result, 22 extracts showed positive anti-Acanthamoeba activity. Of the 22 extracts, 9 and 4 extracts showed anti-Acanthamoeba activity against trophozoites and cysts of A. triangularis, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of A. muricata and C. trifoliatum extracts against trophozoites and cysts was 500 and 1,000 μg/mL, respectively. The combination of A. muricata at 1/4×MIC with chlorhexidine at 1/8×MIC demonstrated a synergistic effect against trophozoites, but partial synergy against cysts. A 40% reduction in trophozoites and 60% of cysts adhered to the plastic surface treated with both extracts at 1/2×MIC were noted comparing to the control (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a reduction of 80% and 90% of trophozoites adhered to the surface was observed after pre-treatment with A. muricata and C. trifoliatum extracts, respectively. A 90% of cysts adhered to the surface was decreased with pre-treatment of A. muricata at 1/2×MIC (P < 0.05). A 75% of trophozoites and cysts from Acanthamoeba adhered to the surface were removed after treatment with both extracts at 4×MIC (P < 0.05). In the model of contact lens, 1 log cells/mL of trophozoites and cysts was significantly decreased post-treatment with both extracts compared to the control. Trophozoites showed strong loss of acanthopodia and thorn-like projection pseudopodia, while cysts demonstrated retraction and folded appearance treated with both extracts when observed by SEM, which suggests the potential benefits of the medicinal plants A. muricata and C. trifoliatum as an option treatment against Acanthamoeba infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watcharapong Mitsuwan
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team (SEA Water Team), World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.,Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College and Research Center of Excellence in Innovation of Essential Oil, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Chea Sin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Samell Keo
- Academic Center for Education and Training (ACET), Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Suthinee Sangkanu
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team (SEA Water Team), World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tajudeen O Jimoh
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Habib Medical School, Islamic University in Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Cristina C Salibay
- College of Science and Computer Studies, De La Salle University-Dasmarinas, Dasmarinas City, Cavite, Philippines
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roghayeh Norouzi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Siyadatpanah
- Ferdows School of Paramedical and Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Christophe Wiart
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Polydor Ngoy Mutombo
- Independent Consultant, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team (SEA Water Team), World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
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Ali R, Rooman M, Mussarat S, Norin S, Ali S, Adnan M, Khan SN. A Systematic Review on Comparative Analysis, Toxicology, and Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants Against Haemonchus contortus. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:644027. [PMID: 34040520 PMCID: PMC8141741 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.644027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Haemonchus contortus is an important pathogenic nematode parasite and major economic constraint of small ruminants in tropics and subtropics regions. This review is an attempt to systematically address the; (a) efficacy of different plants against H. contortus by in vitro and in vivo proof; (b) toxicology, mechanism of action, and active phyto-compounds involve in anti-haemonchiasis activity; (c) and comparative analysis of plant species evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Online databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect) were searched and published research articles (1980–2020) were gathered and reviewed. Results: A total of 187 plant species were reported belonging to 59 families and 145 genera with Asteraceae and Fabaceae being frequently used. Out of the total plant species, 171 species were found to be evaluated in vitro and only 40 species in vivo. Twenty-four species were commonly evaluated for in vitro and in vivo anti-haemonchiasis activity. Among the reported assays, egg hatching test (EHT) and fecal egg count reduction (FECR) were the most widely used assays in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Moreover, sheep were the frequently used experimental model in vivo. After comparative analysis, Lachesiodendron viridiflorum, Corymbia citriodora, Calotropis procera, and Artemisia herba-alba were found highly effective both in vitro and in vivo. L. viridiflorum inhibited enzymatic activities and metabolic processes of the parasite and was found to be safe without toxic effects. C. citriodora was moderately toxic in vivo, however, the plant extract produced promising nematicidal effects by causing muscular disorganization and changes in the mitochondrial profile. Additionally, C. procera and A. herba-alba despite of their high anti-haemonchiasis activity were found to be highly toxic at the tested concentrations. C. procera caused perforation and tegumental disorganization along with adult worm paralysis. Nineteen compounds were reported, among which anethole and carvone completely inhibited egg hatching in vitro and significantly reduced fecal egg count, decreased male length, and reproductive capacity of female in vivo. Conclusion: This review summarized different medicinal plants owing to nematicidal activities against H. contortus eggs, larvae, and adult worms. Plants like L. viridiflorum, C. citriodora, C. procera, and A. herba-alba, while compounds anethole and carvone having promising nematicidal activities and could be an alternative source for developing novel drugs after further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehman Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rooman
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Sakina Mussarat
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Norin
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Shandana Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Niaz Khan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
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In vitro efficacy of plant extracts against gastrointestinal nematodes in goats. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:295. [PMID: 33913023 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02732-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Farmers use plant extracts as a potential source of anthelmintic compounds against gastrointestinal nematodes in goats. The objective of the study was to investigate the in vitro anthelmintic activity of aqueous (cold and boiled) and methanolic extracts of Cissus quadrangularis Linn., Aloe marlothii A. Berger, Albizia anthelmintica Brongn., Cissus rotundifolia (Forssk.) Vahl., Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst, and Vachellia xanthophloea (Benth.) P.J.H. Hurter plants against gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN). Plants were used in two forms: dry and fresh. Decoction (boiled water), infusion (cold water), and methanolic extracts at concentrations of 8, 16, 24, 32, and 40% v/v were tested in vitro on mortality of L3 nematodes. Linear relationships were observed between larvae mortality and extract concentration of the boiled fresh form of C. rotundifolia (P < 0.01), fresh form of cold-water of A. marlothii (P < 0.05), fresh form of cold-water and methanolic C. quadrangularis (P < 0.01), dry form of cold-water and methanolic S. birrea (P < 0.0001), and dry form of cold-water and fresh form of methanolic V. xanthophloea (P < 0.05). Quadratic relationships were observed between larvae mortality and extract concentration of the fresh form of methanolic C. rotundifolia (P < 0.05), fresh form of methanolic A. anthelmintica (P < 0.01), the fresh form of methanol and the dry form of boiled A. marlothii (P < 0.001), fresh form of methanolic (P < 0.05) and dry form of boiled S. birrea (P < 0.01), fresh form of cold and boiled water of V. xanthophloea (P < 0.0001), and dry form of boiled water and methanolic V. xanthophloea (P < 0.05). The crude plant extracts of C. quadrangularis, A. marlothii, A. anthelmintica, C. rotundifolia, S. birrea, and V. xanthophloea could be considered as an integrated approach to achieve sustainable nematode control in goats.
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Licá ICL, Soares AMS, Ferreira ATS, Perales J, Cunha IAL, Souza PFN, Costa-Júnior LM. In vitro assessment of the efficacy of protein exudates from seeds against Haemonchus contortus. Vet Parasitol 2021; 292:109399. [PMID: 33711619 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Nematodes develop resistance to the most common commercially available drugs. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the action of protein exudates from Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, Leucaena leucocephala, Acacia mangium, and Stylosanthes capitata seeds on the gastrointestinal nematode Haemonchus contortus. The exuded proteins were precipitated, dialyzed, lyophilized, and assessed for their effect on egg hatching and artificial larval exsheathment inhibition. Proteome analysis of the protein extracts was also performed. Although no egg-hatching inhibition was observed, all exudates showed efficacy in inhibiting the larval exsheathment of H. contortus larvae with an EC50 varying from 0.61 to 0.26 mg P mL-1. Proteomic analysis revealed the presence of proteases, protease inhibitors, chitinases, and lectins among other proteins in the exudates. Most of the exuded proteins belong to the oxidative stress/plant defense and energy/carbohydrate metabolism functional clusters. This study concluded that the bioactive proteins from different classes exuded by seeds of M. caesalpiniifolia, L. leucocephala, A. mangium, and S. capitata show stage-specific inhibition against H. contortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irlla Correia Lima Licá
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil; Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Martins Santos Soares
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil; Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | | | - Jonas Perales
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Livio Martins Costa-Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil; Laboratory of Parasite Control, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
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In vitro anthelmintic activity of Chenopodium album and in-silico prediction of mechanistic role on Eisenia foetida. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05917. [PMID: 33553723 PMCID: PMC7848649 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helminths born diseases are related to pitiable management practices and improper control strategies. The medicinal plants contain various phytoconstituents that are liable for their anthelmintic activity. The aerial parts of the Chenopodium album were successively extracted with microwaves assisted extraction using petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol, hydroalcoholic and aqueous solvents to get respective extracts (CAPE, CAEE, CAME, CAHE, and CAAE). All the extracts were analyzed for preliminary phytochemical screening for the identification of phytoconstituents. The anthelmintic activity was analyzed on Indian adult earthworms Eisenia foetida using piperazine citrate (PCT) as a standard drug. All the extracts (apart from CAAE) lead to paralysis and fatality of the earthworms. CAEE extract exhibits highly significant anthelmintic activity at a 10 mg/ml concentration by causing paralysis and fatality of earthworms and was more potent than PCT suspension. At a concentration of 10 mg/ml, paralysis and death time for CAEE was recorded as (10.08 ± 1.11) and (65.28 ± 2.09) respectively, while for standard piperazine citrate, it was recorded as (22.96 ± 1.12) and (65.09 ± 1.23). The CAEE exhibits two major compounds by LC-MS, i.e., NG and DG, that are mainly accountable for the Chenopodium album anthelmintic activity. The plant possesses GABA-mimetic action and thereby leads to flaccid, reversible paralysis of the body wall muscle.
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Nahar MN, Acharzo AK, Rahaman MS, Zabeen IA, Haque S, Islam MA. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant, analgesic, and anthelmintic effect of ethanolic extract of Merremia umbellate stems. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-020-00232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Merremia umbellata subsp. orientalis (Hallier f.), commonly known as Sapussunda in Bengali, is used in folk medicine for the treatment of different diseases such as helminthiasis, rheumatism, fever, wounds, burns, sores, management of pain due to cut etc. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant, analgesic and anthelmintic activities of ethanolic extract of stems of Merremia umbellate (ESMU).
Methods
Phytochemical investigation was carried by using standard chemical test as described in literatures. In vitro free radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extract was quantitatively estimated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radicals scavenging assay. Total phenolic and tannin content were spectrophotometrically determined by Folin Ciocalteu reagent whereas the flavonoid was determined by aluminum chloride colorimetric assay. Acetic acid induced writhing method and hot plate method, using Swiss albino mice, were used to investigate the analgesic effect of ESMU whereas in-vitro anthelmintic activity was evaluated against Haemonchus contortus (Nematode) of cattle.
Results
Phytochemical screening revealed that the ESMU contain reducing sugar, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, gums, steroid, xanthoproteins, glycosides and acidic compound. In DPPH free radical scavenging assay, the extract showed scavenging potential with IC50 value of 161.81 μg/mL. Total phenolics, tannin and flavonoid content of crude extract were found to be 87.4 mg GAE/gm, 68.2 mg GAE /gm and 64.27 mg QE/gm respectively. Significant (P < 0.001) analgesic effect was observed in acetic acid induced writhing method at both doses 250 and 500 mg/kg. Similar effect was found in hot plate method that measures antinociceptive effect in response to heat stimuli. The ESMU also exhibited significant (P < 0.001) anthelmintic activity in a concentration dependent manner. The paralysis time and time for death were recorded as 9.30, 8.62 and 7.65 min and 19.58, 18.82, and 16.43 min respectively at a concentration of 25, 50 and 100 mg/mL respectively.
Conclusion
Based on the results obtained in this study clearly strengthen the traditional uses of M. umbellate stems as antioxidant, antinociceptive and anthelmintic. Therefore, this result suggested that the stems of Merremia umbellata might be a potential source of useful bioactive compounds.
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Preliminary Report on the Effect of Savanna Plants Leucaena leucocephala, Parkia platycephala and Senna alata against Eggs and Immature Stages of Trichostrongylid Nematodes In Vitro. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9120986. [PMID: 33255924 PMCID: PMC7760034 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9120986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study evaluated the anthelmintic effect of different extracts of Leucaena leucocephala, Parkia platycephala, and Senna alata on trichostrongylid eggs and infective larvae and determined the potential active components of each plant. Dried and macerated plant material was concentrated using rotaevaporation to obtain the crude extract (CE), followed by solvent partitioning to obtain hexanic (HexE), acetatic (AcE), and butanolic (BuE) extracts used for phytochemical analysis and anthelmintic efficacy testing in vitro. All the crude and partitioned extracts tested showed inhibition activity in the hatching of trichostrongylid eggs. Larvicidal efficacy was observed at CE concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg/mL for P. platycephala and S. alata. However, L. leucocephala CE did not significantly reduce the number of living larvae in the tested concentrations. Chromatographic analysis revealed several active metabolites; gallic acid, ellagic acid, naringin, morin, and kaempferol on AcE of P. platycephala; gallic acid, rutin, and ellagic acid on BuE of P. platycephala; and gallic acid and naringin on BuE of L. leucocephala. The extracts of P. platycephala, L. leucocephala, and S. alata leaves showed egg hatching inhibition and larvicidal activity, probably produced by tannins and flavonoids, which may act alone or by synergism.
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Leite DOD, de F. A. Nonato C, Camilo CJ, de Carvalho NKG, da Nobrega MGLA, Pereira RC, da Costa JGM. Annona Genus: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4056-4091. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200325094422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Species from the Annona (Anonaceae) genus are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various
diseases. Ethnobotanical studies provide information regarding the plant part and the preparation method
being used, while scientific studies such as in vitro, in vivo, and clinical tests can provide evidence supporting
ethnopharmacological reports, directing studies towards the isolation of compounds which may be active for
specific pathologies. Annona muricata and Annona squamosa were the most commonly reported species from
those studied, with Annona cherimola and Annona classiflora also standing out. Acetogenins were the most
commonly isolated metabolite class due to their cytotoxic properties, with flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, and
peptides also being reported. Many species from the Annona genus have proven biological activities, such as
antitumor, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antifungal. The present review had as its objective to facilitate access to
ethnobotanical, chemical and biological information in order to direct future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora O. D. Leite
- Departamento de Quimica Biologica, Laboratorio de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Regional do Cariri, 63105-100, Crato, Brazil
| | - Carla de F. A. Nonato
- Departamento de Quimica Biologica, Laboratorio de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Regional do Cariri, 63105-100, Crato, Brazil
| | - Cicera J. Camilo
- Departamento de Quimica Biologica, Laboratorio de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Regional do Cariri, 63105-100, Crato, Brazil
| | - Natália K. G. de Carvalho
- Departamento de Quimica Biologica, Laboratorio de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Regional do Cariri, 63105-100, Crato, Brazil
| | - Mário G. L. A. da Nobrega
- Departamento de Quimica Biologica, Laboratorio de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Regional do Cariri, 63105-100, Crato, Brazil
| | - Rafael C. Pereira
- Departamento de Quimica Biologica, Laboratorio de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Regional do Cariri, 63105-100, Crato, Brazil
| | - José G. M. da Costa
- Departamento de Quimica Biologica, Laboratorio de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Regional do Cariri, 63105-100, Crato, Brazil
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Rodrigues CI, Costa DMD, Santos ACV, Batatinha MJM, Souza FVD, Souza EHD, Botura MB, Alves CQ, Soares TL, Brandão HN. Assessment of in vitro anthelmintic activity and bio-guided chemical analysis of BRS Boyrá pineapple leaf extracts. Vet Parasitol 2020; 285:109219. [PMID: 32889401 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Species of the Bromeliaceae are known for their pharmacological actions, including anthelmintic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro anthelmintic activity of extracts and fractions of BRS Boyrá pineapple leaf against the eggs and infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes (Trichostrongylidae) of goats and to identify the compounds involved in this activity. Crude methanol, hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and residual hydromethanol extracts were investigated by quantitative analysis of phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity, anthelmintic activity against gastrointestinal nematodes of goats. The extracts were submitted to chromatographic methods for substance isolation and spectrometric techniques to identify their structures. The anthelmintic activity was performed by in vitro assays with eggs and larvae of nematodes obtained from naturally infected donor goats. All extracts contained phenolic (2.22-14.12 g of gallic acid equivalent per 100 g of dry extract) and flavonoid compounds (0.13-1.45 g of quercetin equivalent per 100 g of dry extract). Bio-guided fractionation of the BRS Boyrá pineapple leaves showed high antioxidant activity (EC50 for DPPH of 2.16-21.38 mg mL-1 and inhibition of co-oxidation of β-carotene of 36.40-74.86%) and anthelmintic activity (15.69-100% inhibition of egg hatching). The ethyl acetate extract exhibited greatest activity in all assays. Through chromatographic column analysis it was possible to isolate three substances: β-sitosterol and stigmasterol mixture in dichloromethane and hexane extracts, identified by NMR and p-coumaric acid in the ethyl acetate extract, identified by HPLC-DAD. The isolated p-coumaric acid exhibited high ovicidal effect against goat gastrointestinal nematodes (IC50: 0.12 mg mL-1) and can be considered the active substance of the ethyl acetate extract. This study revealed for the first time that the pineapple BRS Boyrá possesses inhibitory activity against gastrointestinal nematodes (Haemonchus spp., Oesophagostomum spp. and Trichostrongylus spp.), and that p-coumaric acid is an important bioactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Issler Rodrigues
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina, s/n, Novo Horizonte, Feira de Santana, 44036-900, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Diego Mota da Costa
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina, s/n, Novo Horizonte, Feira de Santana, 44036-900, Bahia, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Fernanda Vidigal Duarte Souza
- Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Rua Embrapa, s/n, Chapadinha, P.O. Box 007, Cruz das Almas, 44380-000, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Everton Hilo de Souza
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Rua Rui Barbosa, 710, Cruz das Almas, 44380-000, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Borges Botura
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina, s/n, Novo Horizonte, Feira de Santana, 44036-900, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Clayton Queiroz Alves
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina, s/n, Novo Horizonte, Feira de Santana, 44036-900, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Taliane Leila Soares
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina, s/n, Novo Horizonte, Feira de Santana, 44036-900, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Hugo Neves Brandão
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina, s/n, Novo Horizonte, Feira de Santana, 44036-900, Bahia, Brazil.
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Mongalo N, Mashele S, Makhafola T. Ziziphus mucronata Willd. (Rhamnaceae): it's botany, toxicity, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03708. [PMID: 32322712 PMCID: PMC7170964 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ziziphus mucronata is an important multi-purpose plant species that has been used in African traditional medicine for ages in the treatment of various devastating human and animal infections. The current paper is aimed at providing an overview of uses, toxicology, pharmacological properties and phytochemistry of Z. mucronata. The information used in the current work was retrieved using various search engines, including Pubmed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scielo, SciFinder and Scopus. The key words used included Ziziphus mucronata, secondary metabolites, chemistry, biological activity and pharmacology, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, ethnobotanical survey, medicinal uses, safety, toxicology and other related words. Out of the 46 infections which the plant species is used to treat, the most common uses includes sexually transmitted infections, skin infections, diarrhoea and dysentery, respiratory and chest complaints and gynaecological complaints (citations ≥6). Pharmacologically, the plant species exhibited a potential antimicrobial activity yielding a minimum inhibitory concentration of <1 mg/ml against important pathogens which includes Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Propionibacterium acnes, Candida albicans, Cryptoccoos neoformans amongst other microorganisms. Furthermore, the extracts and compounds from Z mucronata revealed potent antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other activities in vitro. Phytochemically, cyclo-peptide alkaloids (commonly called mucronines) dominates and in conjunction with triterpenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids and anthocyanins. Besides these compounds, the plant species exhibited the presence of important in minerals. These phytoconstituents may well explain the reported biological activities. Although the extracts revealed no cytotoxic effect to Vero cells, further toxicological characteristics of the plant species still needs to be explored. There is also a need to carry out the comprehensive safety profiles of the plant species, including heavy metal detection. Although the plant species revealed important biological activities, which includes antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-plasmodial, anthelmintic, and anti-anaemic activity in vitro, further research is needed to explore the in vivo studies, other compounds responsible for such activities and the mechanisms of action thereof. Such activities validates the use of the plant species in traditional medicine. The data on the possible use of the plant species in the treatment of diarrhoea, sexually transmitted infections, skin related and gynaecological complaints are scant and still needs to be explored and validated both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the anticancer and anthelmintic activity of the plant species also needs to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.I. Mongalo
- University of South Africa, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Laboratories, Private Bag X06, Florida, 0610, South Africa
| | - S.S. Mashele
- Central University of Technology, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Quality of Health and Living, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - T.J. Makhafola
- Central University of Technology, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Quality of Health and Living, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
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Araújo-Filho JVD, Ribeiro WLC, André WPP, Cavalcante GS, Rios TT, Schwinden GM, Rocha LOD, Macedo ITF, Morais SMD, Bevilaqua CML, Oliveira LMBD. Anthelmintic activity of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil and its major component, citronellal, on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:644-651. [PMID: 31800886 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612019090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil and citronellal on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. Essential oil composition was determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The substances were evaluated in vitro using adult worm motility test (AWMT) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The acute toxicity test in mice and the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) in sheep were performed. Citronellal was confirmed as the essential oil major constituent (63.9%). According to the AWMT, 2 mg/mL of essential oil and citronellal completely inhibited Haemonchus contortus motility at 6 h post exposure. H. contortus exposed to essential oil and citronellal exhibited internal ultrastructural modifications. The lethal dose 50 values in mice were 5,000 and 2,609 mg/kg for essential oil and citronellal, respectively. E. citriodora essential oil reduced sheep epg at 14 days post treatment by 69.5% (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in epg between the citronellal and negative control groups (P>0.05). The interaction between citronellal and other constituents in the essential oil may be relevant for its in vivo anthelmintic activity. Thus, E. citriodora essential oil and citronellal pharmacokinetic studies may help elucidate the anthelmintic activity of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Vilemar de Araújo-Filho
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | | | - Weibson Paz Pinheiro André
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Géssica Soares Cavalcante
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Thays Tabosa Rios
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Maria Schwinden
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Letícia Oliveira da Rocha
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense - Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Selene Maia de Morais
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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Mravčáková D, Komáromyová M, Babják M, Urda Dolinská M, Königová A, Petrič D, Čobanová K, Ślusarczyk S, Cieslak A, Várady M, Váradyová Z. Anthelmintic Activity of Wormwood ( Artemisia absinthium L.) and Mallow ( Malva sylvestris L.) against Haemonchus contortus in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020219. [PMID: 32013192 PMCID: PMC7070545 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The gastrointestinal parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus of small ruminants is an important target for chemoprophylaxis. Repeated use of anthelmintics in the form of synthetic drugs increases the risk of residues in food products and the development of anthelmintic resistance. However, the use of combinations of dry traditional medicinal plants as nutraceuticals is an alternative to chemotherapeutics for controlling haemonchosis in ruminants. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with wormwood, mallow and their mix on parasitological status and inflammatory response in lambs experimentally infected with H. contortus. Simultaneously, the present study evaluated by the egg hatch test the in vitro anthelminthic effects of different concentrations (50–1.563 mg/mL) of the aqueous extracts of these plants. Our results revealed that the strong anthelmintic effect of both medicinal plants observed in vitro was not fully confirmed in vivo. This knowledge builds on our previously published findings and highlights that the effect of dry medicinal plants depends on the variety and synergy of plant polyphenols and the combination of bioactive compounds that together have an effect and contribute to a certain pharmacological efficacy. Abstract The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of dry wormwood and mallow on the gastrointestinal parasite of small ruminants Haemonchus contortus. Twenty-four experimentally infected lambs were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each: unsupplemented lambs, lambs supplemented with wormwood, lambs supplemented with mallow and animals supplemented with a mix of both plants. Faecal samples from the lambs were collected on day 23, 29, 36, 43, 50, 57, 64 and 75 post-infection for quantification of the number of eggs per gram (EPG). The mix of both plants contained phenolic acids (10.7 g/kg DM) and flavonoids (5.51 g/kg DM). The nematode eggs were collected and in vitro egg hatch test was performed. The aqueous extracts of both plants exhibited strong ovicidal effect on H. contortus, with ED50 and ED99 values of 1.40 and 3.76 mg/mL and 2.17 and 5.89 mg/mL, respectively, in the in vitro tests. Despite the great individual differences between the treated lambs in eggs reduction, the mean EPG of the untreated and treated groups did not differ (p > 0.05). Our results indicate that using wormwood and mallow as dietary supplements do not have a sufficient effect on lambs infected with H. contortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Mravčáková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (D.M.); (D.P.); (K.Č.)
| | - Michaela Komáromyová
- Institute of Parasitology of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.K.); (M.B.); (M.U.D.); (A.K.)
| | - Michal Babják
- Institute of Parasitology of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.K.); (M.B.); (M.U.D.); (A.K.)
| | - Michaela Urda Dolinská
- Institute of Parasitology of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.K.); (M.B.); (M.U.D.); (A.K.)
| | - Alžbeta Königová
- Institute of Parasitology of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.K.); (M.B.); (M.U.D.); (A.K.)
| | - Daniel Petrič
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (D.M.); (D.P.); (K.Č.)
| | - Klaudia Čobanová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (D.M.); (D.P.); (K.Č.)
| | - Sylwester Ślusarczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology with Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Medical University of Wroclaw, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Adam Cieslak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Marián Várady
- Institute of Parasitology of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.K.); (M.B.); (M.U.D.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (Z.V.); Tel.: +421-55-633-1411-13 (M.V.); +421-55-792-2972 (Z.V.)
| | - Zora Váradyová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (D.M.); (D.P.); (K.Č.)
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (Z.V.); Tel.: +421-55-633-1411-13 (M.V.); +421-55-792-2972 (Z.V.)
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Mir P, Mohi-ud-din R, Dar M, Bader G. Pharmacognostical standardization, phytochemical investigation, and anthelminthic activity of Arisaema propinquum Schott rhizomes. Pharmacognosy Res 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_106_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Dixit AK, Das G, Dixit P, Sharma RL. Efficacy of herbal extracts and closantel against fenbendazole-resistant Haemonchus contortus. J Helminthol 2019; 93:529-532. [PMID: 30039771 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x18000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the efficacy of closantel vis-à-vis herbal extracts with known anti-parasitic properties, against fenbendazole-resistant nematodes in goats maintained under a semi-intensive system of management at the University goat farm, Jabalpur. Fifty goats were randomly assigned to five groups, each comprising 10 animals, irrespective of their breed, age and sex. Each animal in Group I, II and III was orally administered with aqueous leaf extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) at 1 g/kg body weight, sitaphal (Annona squamosa) at 1.5 g/kg body weight and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) at 1 g/kg body weight, respectively, whereas Group IV was an untreated control group. Each animal in Group V was orally treated with closantel at 10 mg/kg body weight. During the course of the study, all animals were maintained under an identical semi-intensive system of management. Compared to the untreated control group (Group IV), there was no conspicuous reduction in post-treatment (day 10) faecal egg counts (FEC) in animals administered with the herbal extracts (Groups I, II and III), which is suggestive of poor anti-parasitic activity. However, using the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT), the overall efficacy of closantel was recorded as 95.64%. This supports the rotational use of closantel as a preferred choice over the benzimidazole group of anthelmintics and/or herbal extracts to meet the acute challenge of in situ development of drug-resistant gastrointestinal nematodes, especially Haemonchus contortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Dixit
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology,College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry,Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University,Jabalpur 482001,Madhya Pradesh,India
| | - G Das
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology,College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry,Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University,Jabalpur 482001,Madhya Pradesh,India
| | - P Dixit
- Department of Veterinary Medicine,College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry,Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University,Jabalpur 482001,Madhya Pradesh,India
| | - R L Sharma
- 843-44,Ranisati Nagar,P.O. Shyam Nagar,Ajmer Road,Jaipur-302019,Rajasthan,India
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Effects of different extracts of three Annona species on egg-hatching processes of Haemonchus contortus. J Helminthol 2019; 94:e77. [PMID: 31455460 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x19000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the in vitro anthelmintic (AH) activity of methanol and acetone:water leaf extracts from Annona squamosa, A. muricata and A. reticulata against Haemonchus contortus eggs. The egg hatch test was used to determine the effective concentrations required to inhibit 50% of eggs hatching (EC50). The role of polyphenols on AH activity was measured through bioassays with and without polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP). Methanolic extracts mainly caused the death of eggs at the morula stage (ovicidal activity). Meanwhile, acetone:water extracts caused egg-hatching failure of developed larvae (larvae failing eclosion (LFE) activity). The lowest EC50 values against H. contortus eggs were observed for the methanolic extracts from A. reticulata and A. muricata (274.2 and 382.9 µg/ml, respectively). From the six extracts evaluated, the methanolic extracts of A. muricata, A. reticulata and A. squamosa showed the highest ovicidal activity, resulting in 98.9%, 92.8% and 95.1% egg mortality, respectively. When the methanolic extract of A. squamosa was incubated with PVPP, its AH activity increased. Similarly, when acetone:water extracts of A. muriata and A. reticulata were incubated with PVPP, their LFE activity increased. Alkaloids were only evident in methanolic extracts, irrespective of PVPP incubation. The presence of acetogenins was not observed. In conclusion, methanolic extracts obtained from leaves of A. muricata, A. reticulata and A. squamosa showed ovicidal activity affecting the morula of H. contortus eggs, with minor LFE activity. Meanwhile, acetone:water extracts showed mostly LFE activity, with a lower proportion of ovicidal activity.
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Choi JH, Park SK, Park MK, Kang SA, Lee D, Song SM, Kim HJ, Park SH, Kim EM, Yu HS. An advanced protocol for the purification of whipworm eggs from feces for use as therapeutic agents. Parasitol Int 2019; 70:41-45. [PMID: 30716463 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have attempted to treat autoimmune diseases using Trichuris suis. whipworm) eggs. Large quantities of eggs can be obtained efficiently by collecting from the feces of the porcine hosts rather than by extracting from the female worm uterus. However, it is difficult to process large amounts of feces using the current methods. In the present study, we propose a method to collect the eggs from bulk feces more efficiently. Collecting the eggs using washing meshes (25 μm sieve) yields 65.7% (56.0-70.7) of eggs (median, min-max) from 100 g feces. Our method, which uses ethyl acetate and simulated gastric fluid, yielded 91.4% (91.4-94.0) of the eggs from 100 g feces into the separated aqueous solution. Egg collection using simulated gastric fluid (SGF) method was also 60 min faster than that using the sieve method. As the SGF used in the experiment is a strongly acidic reagent with a pH of 1-2, embryonation of the eggs was induced by the rapid pH change. As a result, 37.1% (8.0-77.8) of the eggs had embryonated two months after SGF stimulation. Using the developed method, we could process the feces quickly and efficiently. Furthermore, after purification, egg embryonation could be induced without any harmful reagent treatment. This method is expected to be helpful for further research using Trichuris suis eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Choi
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Immunoregulatory Therapeutics group in Brain Busan 21 project, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyun Park
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Immunoregulatory Therapeutics group in Brain Busan 21 project, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Park
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Immunoregulatory Therapeutics group in Brain Busan 21 project, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Ae Kang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Immunoregulatory Therapeutics group in Brain Busan 21 project, Republic of Korea
| | - Dain Lee
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Immunoregulatory Therapeutics group in Brain Busan 21 project, Republic of Korea
| | - So Myong Song
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Immunoregulatory Therapeutics group in Brain Busan 21 project, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Immunoregulatory Therapeutics group in Brain Busan 21 project, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hee Park
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Immunoregulatory Therapeutics group in Brain Busan 21 project, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Min Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology and Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Research Bank, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Sun Yu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Immunoregulatory Therapeutics group in Brain Busan 21 project, Republic of Korea.
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In vitro screening of 51 birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.; Fabaceae) strains for anti-parasitic effects against Haemonchus contortus. Parasitology 2019; 146:828-836. [PMID: 30636646 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182018002214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Secondary plant compounds have shown bioactivity against multi-drug resistant Haemonchus contortus in small ruminants. This study screened 51 strains of birdsfoot trefoil (BFT, Lotus corniculatus) crude aqueous extracts (BFT-AqE) for anti-parasitic activity in vitro against egg hatching, and of those 51 strains, 13 were selected for further testing of motility of first (L1) and third stage (L3) larvae, and exsheathment of L3. Proanthocyanidin content ranged between 1.4 and 63.8 mg PAC g-1 powder across the 51 BFT strains. When tested against egg hatching, 21 of the 51 aqueous extracts had an EC50 of 1-2 mg powder mL-1, 70% of the strains were >90% efficacious at 6 mg powder mL-1 and 11 of the strains were 100% efficacious at 3 mg powder mL-1 BFT-AqE. Across the 13 strains tested against L3, efficacy ranged from 0 to 75% exsheathment inhibition, and 17 to 92% L3 motility inhibition at a concentration of 25 mg powder mL-1 BFT-AqE. There was no correlation between the PAC content of BFT powders and the anti-parasitic activity of aqueous extracts, therefore other secondary compounds may have contributed to the observed anti-parasitic effects. Further testing of BFT using bioactivity-driven fractionation and screening of BFT populations for the identified anti-parasitic compounds is needed.
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Mottin VD, Cruz JFD, Teixeira Neto MR, Marisco G, Figueredo JS, Sousa LS. Efficacy, toxicity, and lethality of plants with potential anthelmintic activity in small ruminants in Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE E PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-9940200232019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY The use of medicinal plants as a therapeutic method in the control of diseases has been increasing in animal production. In the case of small ruminants, the endoparasitic disease is a major concern, since they are considered the greater sanitary problem, especially when considering the phenomenon of parasite resistance to the medicines used. Therefore, the development of alternative methods of endoparasitary control in goats and sheep has become a pressing need. The use of plants to control endoparasites can reduce the use of chemical inputs, making more environmentally sustainable livestock, minimizing the occurrence of parasitic resistance to conventional medicines and contributing to the reduction of production costs. In this sense, several studies have been carried out in order to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo activity of plants with anthelmintic potential. However, despite the potentiality found in many studies, the results are sometimes contradictory or do not replicate in vivo the same efficacy obtained in the in vitro assays. Another relevant aspect is the low utilization of the lethality and toxicity tests, which are indispensable so that the knowledge can be spread and applied by the producers in their herds. Thus, this review aims to provide the results from studies carried out in Brazil with extract of plants with potential for control of parasitic disease in goats and sheep, describing the main evaluated plants species, mechanisms of action, preparation forms and tests of efficacy, toxicity, and lethality.
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Silva Soares SC, de Lima GC, Carlos Laurentiz A, Féboli A, dos Anjos LA, de Paula Carlis MS, da Silva Filardi R, da Silva de Laurentiz R. In vitro anthelmintic activity of grape pomace extract against gastrointestinal nematodes of naturally infected sheep. Int J Vet Sci Med 2018; 6:243-247. [PMID: 30564603 PMCID: PMC6286422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape pomace obtained as a byproduct of industrial processing of grapes retains nutrients and substances with anthelmintic potential such as saponins, tannins, and flavonoids. Therefore, this study evaluated the in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activity of hydroalcoholic grape pomace extract against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. The anthelmintic evaluation was performed by in vitro assays with eggs and larvae of nematodes obtained from naturally infected donor sheep. The grape pomace extract showed high in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activity with LD50 values of 0.30 mg/mL for egg hatching inhibition, 1.01 mg/mL for larval development inhibition and 100% efficacy in larval migration inhibition assays at all concentrations evaluated. The effect of tannins was evaluated by the addition of 50 mg/mL polyvinyl polypyrrolidone to grape pomace extract at the concentration of 12.5 mg/mL. The in vitro ovicidal activity of grape pomace was reduced by only 15% after polyvinyl polypyrrolidone addition, indicating that other phytochemicals also contribute to the ovicidal activity displayed by the extract. Our results demonstrate that grape pomace exhibits in vitro anthelmintic activity, suggesting that, beyond its nutritional potential, this pomace can also be an ally for gastrointestinal nematode control in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suelen Carolina Silva Soares
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo 15385-000, Brazil
| | - Gilmar Cotrin de Lima
- Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo 15385-000, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Laurentiz
- Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo 15385-000, Brazil
| | - Aline Féboli
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo 15385-000, Brazil
| | - Luciano Alves dos Anjos
- Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo 15385-000, Brazil
| | - Matheus Souza de Paula Carlis
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo 15385-000, Brazil
| | - Rosimeire da Silva Filardi
- Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo 15385-000, Brazil
| | - Rosangela da Silva de Laurentiz
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo 15385-000, Brazil
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Ovicidal and larvicidal activity of extracts from medicinal-plants against Haemonchus contortus. Exp Parasitol 2018; 195:71-77. [PMID: 30389531 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of medicinal plants (MP) containing bioactive compounds is an alternative strategy to control of parasitic nematode of small ruminants Haemonchus contortus at various stages of their life cycle. The aims of this study were to determine the in vitro anthelmintic activity of both aqueous and methanolic extracts from 13 medicinal plants typical for Central Europe, and to determine quantity of selected plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) in the methanolic extracts. In vitro egg hatch test and larval development tests were conducted to determine the possible anthelmintic effects of methanolic and aqueous extracts of the roots of Althaea officinalis L., Petasites hybridus L. and Inula helenium L.; flowers of Malva sylvestris L. and Chamomilla recutita L.; leaves of Plantago lanceolata L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L.; seeds of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. and stems of Solidago virgaurea L., Fumaria officinalis L., Hyssopus officinalis L., Melisa officinalis L. and Artemisia absinthium L. on eggs and larvae of H. contortus. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectroscopy was used for quantifying six PSMs: gallic acid (GA), rutin (RU), diosmin (DI), hesperidin (HE), quercetin (QU) and kaempferol (KA). RU content of the most effective methanolic extracts was in the order: M. sylvestris (9.33 mg/g DM) > A. absinthium (6.10 mg/g DM) > C. recutita (0.42 mg/g DM). The highest concentration of QU (44.8 mg/g DM) and KA (6.59 mg/g DM) were detected in stems of F. officinalis comparing to the other evaluated plants. The most significant (p < 0.05) anthelmintic effects exhibited methanolic extracts of A. absinthium in both in vitro tests (i.e., egg hatch test and larval development test). Additionally, only two methanolic extracts of C. recutita and M. sylvestris were comparable to activity of A. absinthium using the larval development test. Wider spectrum of aqueous extracts exhibited stronger ovicidal activity in comparison to methanolic extracts. The similar trend was observed in evaluating of larvicidal activity of aqueous and methanolic plant extracts.
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Quilez AM, Montserrat-de la Paz S, Fernandez-Arche A, De la Puerta R, Garcia-Gimenez MD. Diets supplemented with Annona muricata improve the symptoms of fibromyalgia. PHARMANUTRITION 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Lanusse C, Canton C, Virkel G, Alvarez L, Costa-Junior L, Lifschitz A. Strategies to Optimize the Efficacy of Anthelmintic Drugs in Ruminants. Trends Parasitol 2018; 34:664-682. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Annona muricata: A comprehensive review on its traditional medicinal uses, phytochemicals, pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action and toxicity. ARAB J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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In vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activities of some saponins and flavonoids against parasitic nematodes of goats. Parasitology 2018; 145:1884-1889. [PMID: 29781423 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182018000689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the anthelmintic activity of plant-derived compounds against gastrointestinal nematodes of goats using the egg hatch and larval motility assays. The compounds tested were saponins (digitonin and aescin) and their respective sapogenins (aglycones), hecogenin acetate and flavonoids (catechin, hesperidin, isocordoin and a mixture of isocordoin and cordoin). Additionally, cytotoxicity of active substances was analysed on Vero cell through 3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl,2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and propidium iodide (PI) tests. Significant reduction on the egg hatching (P 90%). Nevertheless, higher cytotoxicity was observed in the MTT assay, with IC50 of 0.20 mg mL-1 (aescin) and 0.0074 mg mL-1 (digitonin). Aescin and digitonin have a pronounced in vitro anthelmintic effect and the glycone portion of these saponins plays an important role in this activity.
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Ferreira LE, Benincasa BI, Fachin AL, Contini SHT, França SC, Chagas ACS, Beleboni RO. Essential oils of Citrus aurantifolia, Anthemis nobile and Lavandula officinalis: in vitro anthelmintic activities against Haemonchus contortus. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:269. [PMID: 29695271 PMCID: PMC5918559 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infections of sheep with gastrointestinal parasites, especially Haemonchus contortus, have caused serious losses in livestock production, particularly after the emergence of resistance to conventional anthelmintics. The search for new anthelmintic agents, especially those of botanical origin, has grown substantially due to the perspective of less contamination of meat and milk, as well as other advantages related to their cost and accessibility in less developed countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic activity of essential oils of the plant species Citrus aurantifolia, Anthemis nobile and Lavandula officinalis against the main developmental stages of the parasite H. contortus. Results Plant species were selected based on substantial ethnopharmacological information. Analysis of the composition of each oil by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) demonstrated the presence of limonene (56.37%), isobutyl angelate (29.26%) and linalool acetate (35.97%) as the major constituents in C. aurantifolia, A. nobile and L. officinalis, respectively. Different concentrations of each oil were tested in vitro for their capacity to inhibit egg hatching (EHT), larval development (LDT) and adult worm motility (AWMT) using a multidrug-resistant strain of H. contortus (Embrapa 2010). The IC50 values obtained for the oils of C. aurantifolia, A. nobile and L. officinalis were 0.694, 0.842 and 0.316 mg/ml in the EHT and 0.044, 0.117 and 0.280 mg/ml in the LDT, respectively. The three oils were able to inhibit adult worm motility completely within the first 8–12 h of observation in the AWMT. Conclusions The present results demonstrate significant anthelmintic activity of the three oils against the different developmental stages of H. contortus. Furthermore, this study is of ethnopharmacological importance by validating the anthelmintic activity of the oils studied. Although new experiments are necessary, these data contribute to the development of pharmaceutical-veterinary products for sheep farming by opening up new therapeutic possibilities against gastrointestinal infections caused by H. contortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Eduardo Ferreira
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Iglesias Benincasa
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Fachin
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Suzelei Castro França
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rene Oliveira Beleboni
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Qazi AK, Siddiqui JA, Jahan R, Chaudhary S, Walker LA, Sayed Z, Jones DT, Batra SK, Macha MA. Emerging therapeutic potential of graviola and its constituents in cancers. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:522-533. [PMID: 29462271 PMCID: PMC5888937 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of death in the USA and around the world. Although the current synthetic inhibitors used in targeted therapies have improved patient prognosis, toxicity and development of resistance to these agents remain a challenge. Plant-derived natural products and their derivatives have historically been used to treat various diseases, including cancer. Several leading chemotherapeutic agents are directly or indirectly based on botanical natural products. Beyond these important drugs, however, a number of crude herbal or botanical preparations have also shown promising utility for cancer and other disorders. One such natural resource is derived from certain plants of the family Annonaceae, which are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Among the best known of these is Annona muricata, also known as soursop, graviola or guanabana. Extracts from the fruit, bark, seeds, roots and leaves of graviola, along with several other Annonaceous species, have been extensively investigated for anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Phytochemical studies have identified the acetogenins, a class of bioactive polyketide-derived constituents, from the extracts of Annonaceous species, and dozens of these compounds are present in different parts of graviola. This review summarizes current literature on the therapeutic potential and molecular mechanism of these constituents from A.muricata against cancer and many non-malignant diseases. Based on available data, there is good evidence that these long-used plants could have both chemopreventive and therapeutic potential. Appropriate attention to safety studies will be important to assess their effectiveness on various diseases caused or promoted by inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Khurshid Qazi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jawed A Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rahat Jahan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sanjib Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Larry A Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, USA
| | - Zafar Sayed
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Dwight T Jones
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Barone CD, Zajac AM, Manzi-Smith LA, Howell AB, Reed JD, Krueger CG, Petersson KH. Anthelmintic efficacy of cranberry vine extracts on ovine Haemonchus contortus. Vet Parasitol 2018; 253:122-129. [PMID: 29604996 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that plant secondary compounds, including proanthocyanidins (PAC), suppress gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection has provided promise for alternative methods of GIN control in small ruminants. This investigation is the first to examine the anthelmintic potential of cranberry vine (CV) against the GIN Haemonchus contortus. The purpose of this study was to explore the anti-parasitic activity of CV in the form of a specific organic proanthocyanidin extract (CV-PAC) and an aqueous extract (CV-AqE) containing PAC and other compounds. In vitro egg hatching, first (L1) and third (L3) stage larval and adult worm motility and L3 exsheathment were evaluated after a 24-h incubation with CV products. In addition, CV treated worms were observed via scanning electron microscopy, and a preliminary investigation of the efficacy of CV powder against an experimental infection of H. contortus was conducted. The in vivo effect on an experimental infection was determined by administering 21.1 g CV powder to lambs (n = 9 per group) for three consecutive days, and collecting fecal egg count data for four weeks post-treatment. The effect of CV-PAC on egg hatching, L3 motility and exsheathment was limited. However, a substantial effect was observed on motility of post-hatch L1 (EC50 0.3 mg PAC/mL) and adults (EC50 0.2 mg PAC/mL). The CV-AqE showed more effect on egg hatching (EC50 5.3 mg/mL containing 0.6 mg PAC/mL) as well as impacting motility of L1 (EC50 1.5 mg/mL with 0.2 mg PAC/mL) and adults (EC50 3.4 mg/mL with 0.4 mg PAC/mL), but like CV-PAC, did not substantially effect L3 motility or exsheathment. Scanning electron microscopy revealed an accumulation of aggregate on the cuticle around the buccal area of adult worms incubated in CV-AqE and CV-PAC. In the preliminary in vivo study, there was a significant effect of treatment over time (p = .04), although differences in individual weeks were not significant. In summary, both extracts inhibited motility of L1 and adult worms. The higher efficacy of CV-AqE than CV-PAC at levels that contained the same concentrations of PAC tested alone, suggest that other secondary compounds in the CV-AqE contributed to the observed effects on the parasites. This first study of the in vitro and in vivo effects of CV suggest that this readily available plant product may have utility in integrated control of H. contortus and support the need for additional testing to provide further information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly D Barone
- Department of Fisheries, Animal, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 120 Flagg Road, CBLS Rm 177, Kingston, RI, 02881, United States.
| | - Anne M Zajac
- Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, 1410 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA, 24061 United States
| | - Laura A Manzi-Smith
- Department of Fisheries, Animal, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 120 Flagg Road, CBLS Rm 177, Kingston, RI, 02881, United States
| | - Amy B Howell
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Philip E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research, 125a Lake Oswego, Chatsworth, NJ, 08019, United States
| | - Jess D Reed
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Rm 1146, Madison, WI, 53706, United States
| | - Christian G Krueger
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Rm 1146, Madison, WI, 53706, United States
| | - Katherine H Petersson
- Department of Fisheries, Animal, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 120 Flagg Road, CBLS Rm 177, Kingston, RI, 02881, United States
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Lysiloma acapulcensis leaves contain anthelmintic metabolites that reduce the gastrointestinal nematode egg population in sheep faeces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-017-2577-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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In vitro anthelmintic and cytotoxic activities of extracts of Persea willdenovii Kosterm (Lauraceae). J Helminthol 2017; 92:674-680. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x17000979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study describes the effects of extracts and fractions of Persea willdenovii leaves against goat gastrointestinal nematodes and their cytotoxicity on Vero cells. The in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activities of the crude ethanolic, hexane, ethyl acetate (EAE), butanolic and residual hydroethanolic extracts were assessed through the inhibition of egg hatching and larval motility assays. The most active extract (EAE) was then fractionated by chromatography in an open column containing silica gel, to furnish six fractions (Fr1–Fr6), which were also tested. The cytotoxicity of active extracts and fractions was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and trypan blue exclusion assay. The EAE and two fractions (Fr1 and Fr2) showed inhibitory activity in the egg hatching of gastrointestinal nematodes of goats in a concentration-dependent manner. The effective concentrations for 50% inhibition (EC50) of egg hatching were 2.3, 0.12 and 2.94 mg/ml for EAE, Fr1 and Fr2, respectively. All extracts and fractions were not effective in inhibiting 50% of motility of infective larvae. EAE and Fr2 had IC50 values (50% inhibitory concentration) of 4.95 and 2.66 mg/ml, respectively. Fr1 showed a slight cytotoxic effect (cellular inviability <30%) only after 48 h of treatment (MTT test). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis showed the presence of six fatty acid ethyl esters, a fatty acid methyl ester and a long-chain ketone in the most active fraction. These constituents identified in P. willdenovii can be related to the high ovicidal activity and relatively non-toxic effect of the extracts.
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Lima HG, Gomes DC, Santos NS, Dias ÊR, Botura MB, Batatinha MJM, Branco A. Prosopis juliflora Pods Alkaloid-rich Fraction: In vitro Anthelmintic Activity on Goat Gastrointestinal Parasites and Its Cytotoxicity on Vero Cells. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:S684-S687. [PMID: 29142433 PMCID: PMC5669116 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study was designed to assess the in vitro anthelmintic activity of the fraction containing alkaloid from Prosopis juliflora pods on goat gastrointestinal nematodes using the egg hatch assay (EHA), larval migration inhibition assay (LMIA), and larval motility assay (LMA). Materials and Methods: The alkaloid-rich fraction (AF) – content juliprosopine as major alkaloid – was obtained from ethyl acetate extract after fractionation in Sephadex LH-20 chromatography column and its characterization were made by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis together with literature data comparison. The concentrations tested were 4.0, 2.67, 1.78, 1.19, and 0.79 mg/mL (EHA) and 4 mg/mL (LMIA and LMA). The in vitro cytotoxicity on Vero cell cultures was determined with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and trypan blue tests. Results: High ovicidal activity was observed with IC50 and IC90 values at 1.1 and 1.43 mg/mL for AF. On the other hand, this fraction showed low larvicidal activity and high toxic effect. Conclusion: Thus, P. juliflora pod alkaloid rich-fraction has ovicidal activity in vitro against goat gastrointestinal nematodes and cytotoxic in Vero cell cultures. SUMMARY Prosopis juliflora alkaloid-rich fraction (AF) showed in vitro anthelmintic effect against gastrointestinal nematodes of goats The AF was more effective against eggs than third larval stage (L3) of gastrointestinal nematodes The AF showed cytotoxicity activity on Vero cell line The juliprosopine was the main alkaloid found in the AF from P. juliflora pods.
Abbreviations used: AF: Alkaloid-rich fraction; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; EE: Ethyl acetate extract; EHA: Egg hatch assay; IC50: Inhibitory concentration 50%; IC90: Inhibitory concentration 90%; L3: Infective larvae; LMA: Larval motility assay; LMIA: Larval migration inhibition assay; MTT: Bromide 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; NMR: Nuclear magnetic resonance; PBS: Phosphate buffered saline; RPMI: Roswell Park Memorial Institute médium; TLC: Thin Layer Chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helimar Gonçalves Lima
- Department of Pathology and Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Danilo Cavalcante Gomes
- Department of Pathology and Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Nathália Silva Santos
- Department of Pathology and Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Êuder Reis Dias
- Department of Health, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mariana Borges Botura
- Department of Health, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Alexsandro Branco
- Department of Health, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
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In vitro anthelmintic and cytotoxicity activities the Digitaria insularis (Poaceae). Vet Parasitol 2017; 245:48-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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