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de Hart NMMP, Petrocelli JJ, Nicholson RJ, Yee EM, van Onselen L, Lang MJ, Bourrant PE, Ferrara PJ, Bastian ED, Ward LS, Petersen BL, Drummond MJ. Dietary delivery of glycomacropeptide within the whey protein matrix is not effective in mitigating tissue ceramide deposition and obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:669-682. [PMID: 37709040 PMCID: PMC11110038 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is often accompanied by heightened circulating and tissue inflammation along with an increase in sphingolipids (e.g., ceramides) in metabolically active and insulin-sensitive organs. Whey protein isolate (WPI) has been shown to decrease inflammation and increase insulin sensitivity when given during a high-fat diet (HFD) intervention in rodents. The whey protein bioactive peptide glycomacropeptide (GMP) has also been linked to having anti-inflammatory properties and regulating lipogenesis. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to determine the effect of dietary GMP within the whey protein matrix on tissue inflammation, adiposity, and tissue ceramide accumulation in an obesogenic rodent model. Young adult male mice (10 wk old) underwent a 10-wk 60% HFD intervention. Glycomacropeptide was absent in the control low-fat diet and HFD WPI (-GMP) groups. The HFD WPI (1×GMP) treatment contained a standard amount of GMP, and HFD WPI (2×GMP) had double the amount. We observed no differences in weight gain or reductions in adiposity when comparing the GMP groups to HFD WPI (-GMP). Similarly, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance were not offset with GMP, and skeletal muscle and liver tissue ceramide content was unaltered with the GMP intervention. In contrast, the additional amount of GMP (2×GMP) might adversely affect tissue obesity-related pathologies. Together, dietary GMP given in a whey protein matrix during an HFD intervention does not alter weight gain, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and sphingolipid accumulation in the liver and skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi M M P de Hart
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Jonathan J Petrocelli
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108
| | - Rebekah J Nicholson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Elena M Yee
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108
| | - Lisha van Onselen
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108
| | - Marisa J Lang
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Paul-Emile Bourrant
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Patrick J Ferrara
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Eric D Bastian
- Dairy West Innovation Partnerships, Twin Falls, ID 83301
| | - Loren S Ward
- Glanbia Nutritionals Research, Twin Falls, ID 83301
| | | | - Micah J Drummond
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112; Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108.
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Nagamma T, Konuri A, Bhat KMR, Udupa PEG, Nayak Y. Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seed extract modulates biochemical and histomorphological changes in therapeutic model of high-fat diet-fed ovariectomized rats. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:285. [PMID: 37520342 PMCID: PMC10382425 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03707-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the therapeutic effect of petroleum ether fraction of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (PE-TFG) seed extract in ovariectomized rats fed with high-fat diet. Rats were randomly grouped into sham ovariectomy (S.OVX), ovariectomy + high-fat diet (OVX + HFD), and treatment groups. The blood samples were collected, and lipid profile, glucose, hepatic markers, and inflammatory markers were estimated. Liver, kidney, and common carotid artery were isolated for histopathological observations. Liver samples were tested for antioxidant, oxidative stress markers, mRNA expression of adiponectin, and PPAR-γ. PE-TFG treatment significantly decreased total cholesterol (18%), LDL (20%), hepatic markers (28%), leptin (17%), TNF-α (21%), and increased mRNA expression of adiponectin and PPAR-γ. There was also micro- and macro-hepatic steatosis, inflammation in the liver, deteriorated tubules in the kidney, and increased tunica intima and media thickness of the common carotid artery. These pathological alterations were reversed with PE-TFG administration. This impact might be linked to phytoestrogens and other components in PE-TFG such as diosgenin, phenols, and flavonoids. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03707-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takkella Nagamma
- Department of Biochemistry, Manipal TATA Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Anjaneyulu Konuri
- Department of Anatomy, Manipal TATA Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Kumar M. R. Bhat
- Department of Anatomy, Ras Al Khaimah College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Science University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
| | - Padmanabha E. G. Udupa
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Yogendra Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
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Córdova-Dávalos LE, Cervantes-García D, Ballona-Alba MF, Santos-López A, Esquivel-Basaldúa AS, Gallegos-Alcalá P, Jiménez M, Salinas E. Protective Effect of Glycomacropeptide on the Inflammatory Response of U937 Macrophages. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071528. [PMID: 37048349 PMCID: PMC10094090 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play crucial roles in inflammation and oxidative stress associated with noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a bioactive peptide derived from milk κ-casein that contains abundant sialic acid and has shown anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic properties when is orally administered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of GMP on the regulation of the inflammatory response in human macrophages and the participation of sialic acid in this activity. GMP pretreatment decreased by 35%, 35%, and 49% the production of nitrites, interleukin (IL)-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, respectively, in activated human macrophages U937. The same effect was obtained when cells were pretreated with asialo GMP, and no change on the gene expression of the lectins associated with the recognition of sialic acids, SIGLEC5, 7, and 9, was induced by GMP on macrophages, which suggests that sialic acid might not be involved in this immunoregulatory effect. Interestingly, GMP increased 8.9- and 3.5-fold the gene expression of the canonical anti-inflammatory protein SOCS3 and the antioxidant enzyme HMOX1, respectively, in U937 cells. Thus, GMP exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities on activated macrophages in a sialic acid-independent manner, which might be related to its in vivo reported bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Elena Córdova-Dávalos
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Basic Science, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad # 940, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Daniel Cervantes-García
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Basic Science, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad # 940, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
- National Council of Science and Technology, Av. de los Insurgentes Sur 1582, Crédito Constructor, Benito Juárez, Ciudad de México 03940, Mexico
| | - Maria Fernanda Ballona-Alba
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Basic Science, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad # 940, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Santos-López
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Basic Science, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad # 940, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Alma Saraí Esquivel-Basaldúa
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Basic Science, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad # 940, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Pamela Gallegos-Alcalá
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Basic Science, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad # 940, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Mariela Jiménez
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Basic Science, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad # 940, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Eva Salinas
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Basic Science, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad # 940, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
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Sauvé MF, Feldman F, Koudoufio M, Ould-Chikh NEH, Ahmarani L, Sane A, N’Timbane T, El-Jalbout R, Patey N, Spahis S, Stintzi A, Delvin E, Levy E. Glycomacropeptide for Management of Insulin Resistance and Liver Metabolic Perturbations. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1140. [PMID: 34572325 PMCID: PMC8469639 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The increasing prevalence and absence of effective global treatment for metabolic syndrome (MetS) are alarming given the potential progression to severe non-communicable disorders such as type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulatory role of glycomacropeptide (GMP), a powerful milk peptide, in insulin resistance and liver dysmetabolism, two central MetS conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 male mice were fed a chow (Ctrl), high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet or HFHS diet along with GMP (200 mg/kg/day) administered by gavage for 12 weeks. RESULTS GMP lowered plasma insulin levels (in response to oral glucose tolerance test) and HOMA-IR index, indicating a more elevated systemic insulin sensitivity. GMP was also able to decrease oxidative stress and inflammation in the circulation as reflected by the decline of malondialdehyde, F2 isoprostanes and lipopolysaccharide. In the liver, GMP raised the protein expression of the endogenous anti-oxidative enzyme GPx involving the NRF2 signaling pathway. Moreover, the administration of GMP reduced the gene expression of hepatic pro-inflammatory COX-2, TNF-α and IL-6 via inactivation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Finally, GMP improved hepatic insulin sensitization given the modulation of AKT, p38 MAPK and SAPK/JNK activities, thereby restoring liver homeostasis as revealed by enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation, reduced lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that GMP represents a promising dietary nutraceutical in view of its beneficial regulation of systemic insulin resistance and hepatic insulin signaling pathway, likely via its powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Foisy Sauvé
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Francis Feldman
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Mireille Koudoufio
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Nour-El-Houda Ould-Chikh
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Lena Ahmarani
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Alain Sane
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Thierry N’Timbane
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
| | - Ramy El-Jalbout
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Radiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Nathalie Patey
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Pathology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Alain Stintzi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada;
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Center, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.F.S.); (F.F.); (M.K.); (N.-E.-H.O.-C.); (L.A.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (R.E.-J.); (N.P.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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Jiang Z, Kimura Y, Shirouchi B, Tanaka Y, Tsai WT, Yuan X, Sato M. Dietary egg white protein hydrolysate improves orotic acid-induced fatty liver in rats by promoting hepatic phospholipid synthesis and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein expression. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 98:108820. [PMID: 34273531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of egg white protein hydrolysates (EWH) on orotic acid (OA)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) in rats. Effects of the egg white protein (EWP) and EWH were also compared. Four groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were separately fed AIN-76-based diets, supplemented with 20% casein for control, or with 1% OA, together with either 20% casein (OA), 20% EWP, or 20% EWH, respectively, for 3 d (developing stage) and 14 d (developed stage). In both feeding periods, animals from the OA group showed higher accumulation hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) compared with those from the control group. In the 14-d experiment, dietary EWP and EWH significantly reduced the hepatic TAG levels. Intake of EWP reduced liver fat in OA-fed rats by 61%, while EWH reduced it by 92%. In addition, EWH restored the OA-induced high serum-TAG level to that seen in the control group. The 3 d experiment showed that consumption of EWH improved the expression of hepatic MTP, that was reduced by OA, without changing Mttp gene expression. It also increased the hepatic synthesis of PC and PE by enhancing the transcription of Pcyt1 and Pemt genes. Inclusion of EWP and EWH in the diet improves the OA-induced NAFL. EWH reduces the liver TAG better than EWP, and works more rapidly. Dietary EWH ameliorates OA-induced NAFL by promoting the secretion of hepatic TAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Jiang
- Laboratory of Nutriment Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Kimura
- Laboratory of Nutriment Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Bungo Shirouchi
- Laboratory of Nutriment Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasutake Tanaka
- Laboratory of Nutriment Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Wei-Ting Tsai
- Laboratory of Nutriment Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Xingyu Yuan
- Laboratory of Nutriment Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masao Sato
- Laboratory of Nutriment Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Nagamma T, Konuri A, Bhat KMR, Udupa P, Rao G, Nayak Y. Prophylactic effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seed extract on inflammatory markers and histopathological changes in high-fat-fed ovariectomized rats. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 12:131-140. [PMID: 35528469 PMCID: PMC9072820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Foisy Sauvé M, Spahis S, Delvin E, Levy E. Glycomacropeptide: A Bioactive Milk Derivative to Alleviate Metabolic Syndrome Outcomes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:201-222. [PMID: 32338040 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of cardiometabolic disorders, which accelerate the risk of developing diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress (OxS) and inflammation contribute to insulin resistance (IR) that greatly promotes the clinical manifestations of MetS components. Given the growing prevalence of this multifactorial condition, its alerting comorbidities, and the absence of specific drugs for treatment, there is an urgent need of prospecting for alternative nutraceutics as effective therapeutic agents for MetS. Recent Advances: There is a renewed interest in bioactive peptides derived from human and bovine milk proteins given their high potential in magnifying health benefits. Special attention has been paid to glycomacropeptide (GMP), a bioactive and soluble derivative from casein and milk whey, because of the wide range of its health-promoting functions perceived in the MetS and related complications. Critical Issues: In the present review, the challenging issue relative to clinical utility of GMP in improving MetS outcomes will be critically reported. Its importance in alleviating obesity, OxS, inflammation, IR, dyslipidemia, and hypertension will be underlined. The mechanisms of action will be analyzed, and the various gaps of knowledge in this area will be specified. Future Directions: Valuable data from cellular, preclinical, and clinical investigations have emphasized the preventive and therapeutic actions of GMP toward the MetS. However, additional efforts are needed to support its proofs of principle and causative relationship to translate its concept into the clinic. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 201-222.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Foisy Sauvé
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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Li Y, Cui X, Wang X, Shen D, Yin A, You L, Wen J, Ji C, Guo X. Human milk derived peptide AOPDM1 attenuates obesity by restricting adipogenic differentiation through MAPK signalling. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129836. [PMID: 33370564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence revealed peptides within breast milk may be an abundant source of potential candidates for metabolism regulation. Our previous work identified numerous peptides existed in breast milk, but its function has not been validated. Thus, our study aims to screen for novel peptides that have the potential to antagonize obesity and diabetes. METHODS A function screen was designed to identify the candidate peptide and then the peptide effect was validated by assessing lipid storage. Afterwards, the in vivo study was performed in two obese models: high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and obese ob/ob mice. For mechanism study, a RNA-seq analysis was conducted to explore the pathway that account for the biological function of peptide. RESULTS By performing a small scale screening, a peptide (AVPVQALLLNQ) termed AOPDM1 (anti-obesity peptide derived from breast milk 1) was identified to reduce lipid storage in adipocytes. Further study showed AOPDM1 suppressed adipocyte differentiation by sustaining ERK activity at later stage of differentiation which down-regulated PPARγ expression. In vivo, AOPDM1 effectively reduced fat mass and improved glucose metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and obese ob/ob mice. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel peptide AOPDM1 derived from breast milk could restrict adipocyte differentiation and ameliorate obesity through regulating MAPK pathway. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our findings may provide a potential candidate for the discovery of therapeutic drugs for obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing 210004, China; Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Xianwei Cui
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Dan Shen
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Anwen Yin
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing 210004, China; Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Lianghui You
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Juan Wen
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Chenbo Ji
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing 210004, China.
| | - Xirong Guo
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing 210004, China; Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China.
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9
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Gao Y, Yuan X, Zhu Z, Wang D, Liu Q, Gu W. Research and prospect of peptides for use in obesity treatment (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:234. [PMID: 33149788 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease, are steadily increasing worldwide. Over the past few decades, numerous studies have focused on the differentiation and function of brown and beige fat, providing evidence for their therapeutic potential in treating obesity. However, no specific novel drug has been developed to treat obesity in this way. Peptides are a class of chemically active substances, which are linked together by amino acids using peptide bonds. They have specific physiological activities, including browning of white fat. As signal molecules regulated by the neuroendocrine system, the role of polypeptides, such as neuropeptide Y, brain-gut peptide and glucagon-like peptide in obesity and its related complications has been revealed. Notably, with the rapid development of peptidomics, peptide drugs have been widely used in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases, due to their short half-life, small apparent distribution volume, low toxicity and low side effects. The present review summarizes the progress and the new trend of peptide research, which may provide novel targets for the prevention and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Xuewen Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Ziyang Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Qianqi Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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10
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Glycomacropeptide Prevents Iron/Ascorbate-Induced Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Insulin Sensitivity with an Impact on Lipoprotein Production in Intestinal Caco-2/15 Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041175. [PMID: 32331475 PMCID: PMC7231176 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), a major worldwide concern for the public health system, refers to a cluster of key metabolic components, and represents a risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. As oxidative stress (OxS) and inflammation are the major triggers of insulin sensitivity (IS), a cardinal MetS feature, the principal aim of the present work is to determine whether glycomacropeptide (GMP), a milk-derived bioactive peptide, exerts beneficial effects on their expression. Methods. Fully differentiated intestinal Caco-2/15 cells are used to evaluate the preventive action of 2 mg/mL GMP against OxS and inflammation induced by the mixture iron-ascorbate (Fe/Asc) (200 μM:2 mM). The potency of GMP of decreasing the production of lipoproteins, including chylomicrons (CM), very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) is also assessed. Results. The administration of GMP significantly reduces malondialdehyde, a biomarker of lipid peroxidation, and raises superoxide dismutase 2 and glutathione peroxidase via the induction of the nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2, a transcription factor, which orchestrates cellular antioxidant defenses. Similarly, GMP markedly lowers the inflammatory agents tumor necrosis factor-α and cyclooxygenase-2 via abrogation of the nuclear transcription factor-kB. Moreover, GMP-treated cells show a down-regulation of Fe/Asc-induced mitogen activated protein kinase pathway, suggesting greater IS. Finally, GMP decreases the production of CM, VLDL, and LDL. Conclusions. Our results highlight the effectiveness of GMP in attenuating OxS, inflammation and lipoprotein biogenesis, as well as improving IS, the key components of MetS. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the mechanisms mediating the preventive action of GMP.
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Wang C, Zheng L, Su G, Zeng XA, Sun B, Zhao M. Evaluation and Exploration of Potentially Bioactive Peptides in Casein Hydrolysates against Liver Oxidative Damage in STZ/HFD-Induced Diabetic Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:2393-2405. [PMID: 31995979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress can cause liver damage in diabetes, and protein hydrolysates with antidiabetic and antioxidant properties are emerging as a potential therapy. In this study, protective effects of casein hydrolysates against live oxidative damage in streptozotocin/high-fat-induced diabetic rats were studied and potentially bioactive peptides were explored by an integrated approach of differential peptide and in silico analysis. Results showed that different casein hydrolysates significantly alleviated liver oxidative damage (p < 0.05) via different mechanisms. Particularly, casein hydrolyzed by a papain-flavourzyme combination (P-FCH) treatment significantly improved liver antioxidant enzyme activities by enhancing nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription (p < 0.05). Furthermore, 18 peptides were screened as potential bioactive peptides by analyzing differential peptides among different hydrolysates combined with in silico prediction. Among them, the dipeptide WM might directly inhibit the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-Nrf2 interaction as potential Nrf2 activators. These results suggested that P-FCH might be an alternative way to treat liver damage in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center , Guangzhou 510650 , China
| | - Lin Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center , Guangzhou 510650 , China
| | - Guowan Su
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center , Guangzhou 510650 , China
| | - Xin-An Zeng
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology & Business University , Beijing 100048 , China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center , Guangzhou 510650 , China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology & Business University , Beijing 100048 , China
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12
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Yuan Q, Zhan B, Chang R, Du M, Mao X. Antidiabetic Effect of Casein Glycomacropeptide Hydrolysates on High-Fat Diet and STZ-Induced Diabetic Mice via Regulating Insulin Signaling in Skeletal Muscle and Modulating Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010220. [PMID: 31952248 PMCID: PMC7019650 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects and the underlying mechanisms of casein glycomacropeptide hydrolysate (GHP) on high-fat diet-fed and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes (T2D) in C57BL/6J mice. Results showed that 8-week GHP supplementation significantly decreased fasting blood glucose levels, restored insulin production, improved glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance, and alleviated dyslipidemia in T2D mice. In addition, GHP supplementation reduced the concentration of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum, which led to reduced systematic inflammation. Furthermore, GHP supplementation increased muscle glycogen content in diabetic mice, which was probably due to the regulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta and glycogen synthase. GHP regulated the insulin receptor substrate-1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway in skeletal muscle, which promoted glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation. Moreover, GHP modulated the overall structure and diversity of gut microbiota in T2D mice. GHP increased the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and the abundance of S24-7, Ruminiclostridium, Blautia and Allobaculum, which might contribute to its antidiabetic effect. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the antidiabetic effect of GHP may be associated with the recovery of skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and the regulation of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichen Yuan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Biyuan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rui Chang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Min Du
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.Y.)
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Xueying Mao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6273-8684
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13
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Glycomacropeptide Bioactivity and Health: A Review Highlighting Action Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030598. [PMID: 30870995 PMCID: PMC6471465 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Food-derived bioactive peptides are reported as beneficial and safe for human health. Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a milk-protein-derived peptide that, in addition to its nutritional value, retains many biological properties and has therapeutic effects in several inflammatory disorders. GMP was shown under in vitro and in vivo conditions to exert a number of activities that regulate the physiology of important body systems, namely the gastrointestinal, endocrine, and immune systems. This review represents a comprehensive compilation summarizing the current knowledge and updated information on the major biological properties associated with GMP. GMP bioactivity is addressed with special attention on mechanisms of action, signaling pathways involved, and structural characteristics implicated. In addition, the results of various studies dealing with the effects of GMP on models of inflammatory diseases are reviewed and discussed.
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14
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Casein glycomacropeptide hydrolysates ameliorate hepatic insulin resistance of C57BL/6J mice challenged with high-fat diet. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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15
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Fernandez MA, Panahi S, Daniel N, Tremblay A, Marette A. Yogurt and Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Critical Review of Potential Mechanisms. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:812-829. [PMID: 29141967 PMCID: PMC5682997 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.013946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Associations between yogurt intake and risk of diet-related cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) have been the subject of recent research in epidemiologic nutrition. A healthy dietary pattern has been identified as a pillar for the prevention of weight gain and CMDs. Epidemiologic studies suggest that yogurt consumption is linked to healthy dietary patterns, lifestyles, and reduced risk of CMDs, particularly type 2 diabetes. However, to our knowledge, few to no randomized controlled trials have investigated yogurt intake in relation to cardiometabolic clinical outcomes. Furthermore, there has been little attempt to clarify the mechanisms that underlie the potential beneficial effects of yogurt consumption on CMDs. Yogurt is a nutrient-dense dairy food and has been suggested to reduce weight gain and prevent CMDs by contributing to intakes of protein, calcium, bioactive lipids, and several other micronutrients. In addition, fermentation with bacterial strains generates bioactive peptides, resulting in a potentially greater beneficial effect of yogurt on metabolic health than nonfermented dairy products such as milk. To date, there is little concrete evidence that the mechanisms proposed in observational studies to explain positive results of yogurt on CMDs or parameters are valid. Many proposed mechanisms are based on assumptions that commercial yogurts contain strain-specific probiotics, that viable yogurt cultures are present in adequate quantities, and that yogurt provides a minimum threshold dose of nutrients or bioactive components capable of exerting a physiologic effect. Therefore, the primary objective of this review is to investigate the plausibility of potential mechanisms commonly cited in the literature in order to shed light on the inverse associations reported between yogurt intake and various cardiometabolic health parameters that are related to its nutrient profile, bacterial constituents, and food matrix. This article reviews current gaps and challenges in identifying such mechanisms and provides a perspective on the research agenda to validate the proposed role of yogurt in protecting against CMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Anne Fernandez
- Heart and Lung Institute of Quebec, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shirin Panahi
- Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Noémie Daniel
- Heart and Lung Institute of Quebec, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Heart and Lung Institute of Quebec, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Heart and Lung Institute of Quebec, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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Li T, Cheng X, Du M, Chen B, Mao X. Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 mediates the anti-inflammatory activity of casein glycomacropeptide (GMP) hydrolysates in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Food Funct 2017. [PMID: 28636034 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00481h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we have shown that casein glycomacropeptide hydrolysates (GHP) exhibit both anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities in vitro. However, whether heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is involved in the cytoprotective effect of GHP against the inflammatory status remains unclear. Therefore, we hypothesized that HO-1 is a potential target of GHP, which mediates its anti-inflammatory effect. Here, GHP inhibited the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression and enhanced reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. GHP also suppressed the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, zinc(ii)-protoporphyrin IX (ZnPPIX), a selective inhibitor of HO-1, restored the GHP-mediated suppression of ROS production and NOX2, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and iNOS expression. GHP treatment inhibited the LPS-induced nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB) translocation, which was markedly reversed by ZnPPIX. Furthermore, GHP induced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), Akt and p38. Pharmacological inhibition of Akt, ERK1/2, and p38 abrogated GHP-induced nuclear localization of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and the expression of HO-1. In summary, GHP inhibits the LPS-induced inflammatory status through upregulating HO-1 expression via PI3K/Akt, ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways in RAW264.7 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiange Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China.
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17
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Song JJ, Wang Q, Du M, Chen B, Mao XY. Peptide IPPKKNQDKTE ameliorates insulin resistance in HepG2 cells via blocking ROS-mediated MAPK signaling. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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18
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Sawin EA, Stroup BM, Murali SG, O’Neill LM, Ntambi JM, Ney DM. Differential Effects of Dietary Fat Content and Protein Source on Bone Phenotype and Fatty Acid Oxidation in Female C57Bl/6 Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163234. [PMID: 27695036 PMCID: PMC5047596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a 64-amino acid glycophosphopeptide released from κ-casein during cheesemaking that promotes satiety, reduces body fat, increases bone mass and infers prebiotic and anti-inflammatory effects. The impact of adiposity and gender on bone health is unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine how feeding female mice diets providing 60% Fat Kcal (high-fat) or 13% Fat Kcal (control) with either GMP or casein as the protein source impacts: body composition, ex vivo fatty acid oxidation, bone (femoral) biomechanical performance, and the relationship between body composition and bone. METHODS Weanling female C57Bl/6 mice were fed high-fat (60% Fat Kcal) or control diets (13% Fat Kcal) with GMP or casein from 3 to 32 weeks of age with assessment of body weight and food intake. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Fatty acid oxidation was measured in liver, muscle, and fat tissues using 14C-palmitate. Plasma concentrations of hormones and cytokines were determined. Bone biomechanical performance was assessed by the 3-point bending test. RESULTS Female mice fed high-fat diets showed increased fatty acid oxidation capacity in both gastrocnemius muscle and brown adipose tissue compared to mice fed the control diets with a lower fat content. Despite increased fat mass in mice fed the high-fat diets, there was little evidence of glucose impairment or inflammation. Mice fed the high-fat diets had significantly greater total body bone mineral density (BMD), femoral BMD, and femoral cross-sectional area than mice fed the control diets. Femora of mice fed the high-fat diets had increased yield load and maximum load before fracture, consistent with greater bone strength, but reduced post-yield displacement or ductility, consistent with bone brittleness. Female mice fed a high-fat GMP diet displayed increased fat oxidation capacity in subcutaneous fat relative to mice fed the high-fat casein diet. Regardless of dietary fat content, GMP increased total body bone mineral content and femur length. The prebiotic properties of GMP may mediate the beneficial effects of GMP on bone. CONCLUSIONS Female mice adapt to high-fat feeding by increasing oxidative capacity in muscle tissue and to a lesser extent brown adipose tissue. High-fat feeding in female mice leads to development of a bone phenotype where femora show increased BMD and are stronger, yet more brittle. The increased brittleness of bone was associated with increased body fat content due to high-fat feeding. In summary, high-fat feeding in female mice increases mineralization of bone, but negatively impacts bone quality resulting in brittle bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Sawin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Bridget M. Stroup
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sangita G. Murali
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Lucas M. O’Neill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - James M. Ntambi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Denise M. Ney
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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19
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Song JJ, Wang Q, Du M, Li TG, Chen B, Mao XY. Casein glycomacropeptide-derived peptide IPPKKNQDKTE ameliorates high glucose-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells via activation of AMPK signaling. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27506476 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Recently, casein glycomacropeptide (GMP)-derived peptide was found to possess potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, the improvement effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of GMP-derived peptide on hepatic insulin resistance were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS The peptide IPPKKNQDKTE was identified from GMP papain hydrolysates by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Effects of IPPKKNQDKTE on glucose metabolism and expression levels of the hepatic insulin signaling proteins in high glucose-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells were evaluated. Results showed that IPPKKNQDKTE dose-dependently increased glucose uptake and intracellular glycogen in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells without affecting cell viability. IPPKKNQDKTE increased the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β and decreased the expression levels of p-GS, G6Pase and PEPCK. These IPPKKNQDKTE-mediated protection effects were reversed by PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002, showing the mediatory role of PI3K/Akt. Moreover, treatment with IPPKKNQDKTE reduced IRS-1 Ser307 phosphorylation and increased phosphorylation of AMPK. Knockdown AMPK using siRNA in HepG2 cells increased Ser307 phosphorylation of IRS-1 and reduced Akt phosphorylation in IPPKKNQDKTE-treated insulin-resistant cells. CONCLUSION IPPKKNQDKTE prevents high glucose-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells by modulating the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway through AMPK activation, indicating that IPPKKNQDKTE plays a potential role in the prevention and treatment of hepatic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Song
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Tian-Ge Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Space Nutrition and Food Engineering, China Astronauts Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Ying Mao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Ma WW, Ding BJ, Wang LJ, Shao Y, Xiao R. Involvement of Nuclear Related Factor 2 Signaling Pathway in the Brain of Obese Rats and Obesity-Resistant Rats Induced by High-Fat Diet. J Med Food 2016; 19:404-9. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.3500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Enviromental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing-Jie Ding
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Enviromental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Enviromental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Enviromental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Hong SM, Chung EC, Kim CH. Anti-obesity Effect of Fermented Whey Beverage using Lactic Acid Bacteria in Diet-induced Obese Rats. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2015; 35:653-9. [PMID: 26761894 PMCID: PMC4670895 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2015.35.5.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High-protein fermented whey beverage (FWB) was manufactured using whey protein concentrate (WPC) and Lactobacillus plantarum DK211 isolated from kimchi. This study was designed to evaluate the anti-obesity activity of FWB in male rats fed a high-fat diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups (n=8 per group). The three groups differed in their diet; one group received a normal diet (ND), another, a high-fat diet (HD), and the third, a HD plus fermented whey beverage (HDFWB), for 4 wk. Supplementation with FWB (the HDFWB group) prevented weight gain and body fat accumulation. The food intake in the HDWFB group was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of the HD group. The HDWFB group also showed a significant decrease in organ weights (p<0.05), except for the weight of the testis. There was a significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides in the HDFWB group compared with the HD group (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in serum HDL-cholesterol levels among the experimental groups. Rats ingesting FWB (the HDFWB group) also showed a significant decrease in blood glucose levels, and plasma levels of insulin, leptin, and ghrelin compared to HD group (p<0.05). These results indicate that FWB has beneficial effects on dietary control, weight control, and reduction in fat composition and serum lipid level; consequently, it may provide antiobesity and hypolipidemic activity against high fat diet-induced obesity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Moon Hong
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Eui-Chun Chung
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Cheol-Hyun Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
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Pilot in vivo investigation of cerium oxide nanoparticles as a novel anti-obesity pharmaceutical formulation. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:1725-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wang J, Ryu HK. The effects of Momordica charantia on obesity and lipid profiles of mice fed a high-fat diet. Nutr Res Pract 2015; 9:489-95. [PMID: 26425278 PMCID: PMC4575961 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.5.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dried Momordica charantia aqueous extracts (MCA) and ethanol extracts (MCE) on obesity and lipid profiles in mice fed a high-fat diet. MATERIALS/METHODS Forty two ICR mice were randomly divided into six groups. The normal group was fed a basal diet, and other groups were fed a 45% high-fat diet (HFD) for 7 weeks. The normal and HFD groups were also orally administered distilled water each day for 7 weeks. The remaining groups received Momordica charantia extract (0.5 or 1.0 g/kg/day MCA, and 0.5 or 1.0 g/kg/day MCE). In order to measure the anti-obesity and lipid profile improvement effects, body and visceral tissue weight, lipid profiles, plasma insulin levels, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured. RESULTS Both MCA and MCE significantly decreased body and visceral tissue weight relative to those of the HFD group (P < 0.05). Additionally high doses of MCE and MCA significantly reduced the plasmatic insulin levels compared to the HFD groups (P < 0.05) to concentrations comparable to those found in the normal group. MCA and MCE supplementation also significantly modulated the lipid profiles in plasma, liver, and feces compared to mice fed the HFD (P < 0.05). Furthermore MCA and MCE significantly increased hepatic SOD activity, and reduced MDA generation in the liver of the HFD mice (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Results from the present study suggest that Momordica charantia extracts have anti-obesity effects and the ability to modulate lipid prolife of mice fed a HFD by suppressing body weight gain, visceral tissue weight, plasma and hepatic lipid concentrations, and lipid peroxidation along with increasing lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Ho Kyung Ryu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Korea
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24
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Cheng X, Gao D, Chen B, Mao X. Endotoxin-Binding Peptides Derived from Casein Glycomacropeptide Inhibit Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Inflammatory Responses via Blockade of NF-κB activation in macrophages. Nutrients 2015; 7:3119-37. [PMID: 25923657 PMCID: PMC4446742 DOI: 10.3390/nu7053119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic low-grade inflammation and increased circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contribute to metabolic dysfunction. The inhibitory effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of casein glycomacropeptide (GMP) hydrolysate on the inflammatory response of LPS-stimulated macrophages were investigated. Results showed that the inhibitory effect of GMP hydrolysates obtained with papain on nitric oxide (NO) production were obviously higher than that of GMP hydrolysates obtained with pepsin, alcalase and trypsin (p < 0.05), and the hydrolysate obtained with papain for 1 h hydrolysis (GHP) exhibited the highest inhibitory effect. Compared with native GMP, GHP markedly inhibited LPS-induced NO production in a dose-dependent manner with decreased mRNA level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). GHP blocked toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway activation, accompanied by downregulation of LPS-triggered significant upregulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β gene expression. Furthermore, GHP could neutralize LPS not only by direct binding to LPS, but also by inhibiting the engagement of LPS with the TLR4/MD2 complex, making it a potential LPS inhibitor. In conclusion, these findings suggest that GHP negatively regulates TLR4-mediated inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, and therefore may hold potential to ameliorate inflammation-related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Space Nutrition and Food Engineering, China Astronaut Training Center, Beijing 100094, China.
| | - Dongxiao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Bin Chen
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Northeast Agriculture University, Haerbin 150030, China.
| | - Xueying Mao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China.
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25
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Cheng X, Gao DX, Song JJ, Ren FZ, Mao XY. Casein glycomacropeptide hydrolysate exerts cytoprotection against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 macrophages via ROS-dependent heme oxygenase-1 expression. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10034d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein glycomacropeptide hydrolysate had antioxidant activity and exerted protective actions against H2O2-induced oxidative stress via induction of Nrf2-mediated HO-1 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Dong-Xiao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Jia-Jia Song
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Fa-Zheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Xue-Ying Mao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
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26
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose is to discuss advances in the nutritional and pharmacological management of phenylketonuria (PKU). RECENT FINDINGS Glycomacropeptide (GMP), a whey protein produced during cheese production, is a low-phenylalanine (phe) intact protein that represents a new dietary alternative to synthetic amino acids for people with PKU. Skeletal fragility is a long-term complication of PKU that based on murine research, appears to result from both genetic and nutritional factors. Skeletal fragility in murine PKU is attenuated with the GMP diet, compared with an amino acid diet, allowing greater radial bone growth. Pharmacologic therapy with tetrahydrobiopterin, acting as a molecular chaperone for phenylalanine hydroxylase, increases tolerance to dietary phe in some individuals. Large neutral amino acids inhibit phe transport across the intestinal mucosa and blood-brain barrier, and are most effective for individuals unable to comply with the low-phe diet. SUMMARY Although a low-phe synthetic amino acid diet remains the mainstay of PKU management, new nutritional and pharmacological treatment options offer alternative approaches to maintain lifelong low phe concentrations. GMP medical foods provide an alternative to amino acid formula that may improve bone health, and tetrahydrobiopterin permits some individuals with PKU to increase tolerance to dietary phe. Further research is needed to characterize the long-term efficacy of these new approaches for PKU management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise M. Ney
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Milwaukee
| | - Robert D. Blank
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Karen E. Hansen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, USA
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Antiobesity Effect of Codonopsis lanceolata in High-Calorie/High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:210297. [PMID: 23818922 PMCID: PMC3683442 DOI: 10.1155/2013/210297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The antiobesity effects of Codonopsis lanceolata (CL) were evaluated in a high-calorie/high-fat-diet (HFD-) induced obesity rat model and 3T3-L1 cells. The Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed a normal diet (ND) or a HFD for a period of 12 weeks. The rats were subdivided into groups: ND, ND + wild Codonopsis lanceolata (wCL) (900 mg/kg/day, p.o.), ND + cultivated Codonopsis lanceolata (cCL) (900 mg/kg/day, p.o.), HFD, HFD + wCL (100, 300, or 900 mg/kg/day, p.o.), HFD + cCL (100, 300, or 900 mg/kg/day, p.o.), and HFD + sibutramine. The body weight gains of the administered HFD + CL (wCL or CCL) were lower than those of the rats fed with only the HFD group. Moreover, the weight of adipose pads and the serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in the group administered HDL + CL were significantly lower than in the HFD group. The inhibitory effect of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells was measured by Oil Red O staining and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Treatment of 3T3-L1 cells with wCL inhibited lipid accumulation and expression of C/EBPα and PPARγ. These results suggest that CL has a great potential as a functional food with anti-obesity effects and as a therapeutic alternative in the treatment of obesity.
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