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Abdelhafez HEDH, Abdallah AA, El-Dahshan AA, Abd El-Baset YA, Morsy OM, Ahmed MBM. Ameliorative effects of the phytochemicals in dates (Phoenix dactylifera) against the toxicological changes induced by fipronil in male albino rats. Toxicology 2022; 480:153313. [PMID: 36113622 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Scientific evidence has shown that fipronil induces oxidative stress and genotoxicity. Our study aimed to evaluate the potential oxidation in redox parameters and DNA, as well as determine the protective effect of date extract of increasing resistance to cellular damage. 30 Male albino rats were divided into six groups ( n = 5): 1) control group; 2) treatment group with date extract (1 g/kg B.W.); 3) treatment group with 1/20 LD50 of fipronil; 4) treatment group with 1/40 LD50 of fipronil; 5) treatment group with 1/20 LD50 of fipronil + 1 g/kg date extract; and 6) treatment group with 1/40 LD50 of fipronil + 1 g/kg dates extract. Date extract showed a high content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties. Fipronil increased 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine levels and lipid peroxidation by malondialdehyde but decreased the total antioxidant capacity in plasma. Moreover, glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase levels in the liver and kidney decreased, along with histopathological abnormalities. Additionally, tail moment parameters of liver DNA and micronucleus frequencies in the bone marrow increased. This study showed that fipronil-induced various health hazards in vivo, whereas date extract alleviated the said toxicological effects. However, date extract failed to reduce genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam El Din H Abdelhafez
- Mammalian and Aquatic Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 12618, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Amr A Abdallah
- Mammalian and Aquatic Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 12618, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A El-Dahshan
- Department of Zoology Faculty of Science (Girls Branch), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasser A Abd El-Baset
- Department Cotton Chemistry and Textile Fibers, Cotton Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center Giza, Egypt
| | - Osama M Morsy
- Basic and Applied Science Department, College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science and Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), P.O. Box 2033, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Bedair M Ahmed
- Department of Food Toxicology and Contaminants, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., P.O. Box 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Alghamdi MA, Hussein AM, Al-Eitan LN, Elnashar E, Elgendy A, Abdalla AM, Ahmed S, Khalil WA. Possible mechanisms for the renoprotective effects of date palm fruits and seeds extracts against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110540. [PMID: 32763814 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This work investigates the possible renoprotective effects of date palm fruits and seeds extract against renal ischemia and their underlying mechanisms. METHODS 108-Sprague Dawle male rats were randomly allocated into 6 equal groups differently receiving aqueous or methanolic fruit and seed extracts. Assay of serum creatinine, BUN and TNF-α, morphological examination of the left kidney, markers of the redox state (MDA, CAT, and GSH), the expression of TNFα and Nrf2 genes at the level of mRNA, the expression of caspase-3 and TGF-β proteins by immunohistochemistry were performed. RESULTS 45-min renal I/R caused significant deterioration of kidney functions (increase in serum creatinine and BUN) and morphology (P < 0.001) and significant reduction in CAT activity and GSH levels with significant increase in serum TNF-α and MDA concentration and the expression of Nrf2, caspase-3, TNF-α, and TGF-β in kidney tissues. Pre-treatment with either date palm fruit or seed extracts significantly improved kidney functions and morphology (P ≤ 0.001) with a significant increase in the expression of Nrf2 and CAT activity, and GSH concentration and a reduction in serum TNF-α and expression of caspase-3, TNF-α, and TGF-β (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Administration of date palm extracts exhibited a renoprotective effect against renal I/R injury.This renoprotective action might be due to their antioxidants, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory actions. Moreover, aqueous fruit extracts offered powerful renoprotective effect than aqueous seed extracts, and aqueous fruit and seed extracts were generally more effective than methanolic extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour A Alghamdi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; Genomics and Personalized Medicine Unit, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelaziz M Hussein
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Laith N Al-Eitan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Eman Elnashar
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elgendy
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Asim M Abdalla
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seham Ahmed
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 35621, Egypt
| | - Wael A Khalil
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Arshad MS, Batool SM, Khan MK, Imran M, Ahmad MH, Anjum FM, Hussain S. Bio-evaluation of functional date bars using rats as model organism against hypercholesterolemia. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:148. [PMID: 31272450 PMCID: PMC6610949 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present research project was designed to evaluate the cholesterol lowering potential of different date varieties including one exotic (Ajwa) and three Pakistani varieties (Aseel, Khudravi, Hallawi). Methods The albino rats were divided into six groups on the basis of different diets which includes, control having basal diet, high cholesterol high sucrose diet, high cholesterol high sucrose diet plus Khudravi dates, high cholesterol high sucrose diet plus Hallawi dates, high cholesterol high sucrose diet plus Aseel dates, high cholesterol high sucrose diet plus Ajwa dates to evaluate maximum cholesterol lowering potential of each date variety. Results The results showed that Hallawi and Ajwa have lower crude fiber content as 2.02 ± 0.03% and 2.43 ± 0.04% however, lowest crude fat content (0.26 ± 0.01%) was also observed in ajwa. Mineral profile depicted that sodium (9.50–18.00 mg/100 g) was found to be in lesser amount among all varieties whereas, higher amount of potassium (465.00 to 887.20 mg/100 g) depicted that it is suitable for people having hypertension. Higher amount of reducing sugar was also observed in ajwa (79.45 ± 1.22%) followed by Hallawi (77.68 ± 1.42%). Total phenolic contents were found higher in Aseel (291.36 mg/100 g) whereas, minimum was observed in Khudravi (232.64 mg/100 g). Furthermore, date varieties were also examined rat modeling to evaluate their maximum cholesterol lowering efficiency. Ajwa and Hallawi were observed to suppress the cholesterol efficiently as 110 mg/dL and 103 mg/dL respectively. On the basis of chemical profiling and other parameters, two date varieties Ajwa and Hallawi showed almost similar results and found to have maximum serum cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride reduction potential with good kidney and liver functions. Functional date bar was also developed by using Hallawi variety andsubjected to sensory evaluation. Conclusion In nutshell, Hallawi date variety was considered as better cholesterol lowering potential among other indigenous varieties and very close to Ajwa variety. So that Hallawi can be used to suppress the deadly effects of obesity and allied discrepancies particularly hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sajid Arshad
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Syeda Mamoona Batool
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kamran Khan
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Haseeb Ahmad
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Shahzad Hussain
- College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Agostini-Costa TDS. Bioactive compounds and health benefits of some palm species traditionally used in Africa and the Americas - A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 224:202-229. [PMID: 29842962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE According to previous ethno-medicinal reviews, Cocos nucifera, Elaeis guineensis and Phoenix dactylifera are among the main palms which are often used on the American and African continents to treat infections, infestations and disorders in the digestive, respiratory, genito-urinary, dermal, endocrine, cardiovascular, muscular-skeletal, mental and neural systems, as well as neoplasms, dental issues and metabolic and nutritional disorders. In addition, one or more species of the wild genera Acrocomia, Areca, Astrocaryum, Attalea, Bactris, Borassus, Calamus, Chamaedorea, Chamaerops, Euterpe, Hyphaene, Mauritia, Oenocarpus and Syagrus have a high number of records of these ethno-medicinal uses. The most used parts of the palm tree are the fruits, followed by roots, seeds, leaves and flower sap. AIM OF THE STUDY This review discusses the phytochemical composition and the pharmacological properties of these important ethno-medicinal palms, aiming to provide a contribution to future research prospects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Significant information was compiled from an electronic search in widely used international scientific databases (Google Scholar, Science Direct, SciFinder, Web of Science, PubMed, Wiley on line Library, Scielo, ACS Publications), and additional information was obtained from dissertations, theses, books and other relevant websites. RESULTS Palms, in general, are rich in oils, terpenoids and phenolic compounds. Fruits of many species are notable for their high content of healthy oils and fat-soluble bioactive compounds, mainly terpenoids, such as pigment carotenoids (and provitamin A), phytosterols, triterpene pentacyclics and tocols (and vitamin E), while other species stood out for their phenolic compounds derived from benzoic and cinnamic acids, along with flavan-3-ol, flavone, flavonol, and stilbene compounds or anthocyanin pigments. In addition to fruits, other parts of the plant such as seeds, leaves, palm heart, flowers and roots are also sources of many bioactive compounds. These compounds are linked to the ethno-medicinal use of many palms that improve human health against infections, infestations and disorders of human systems. CONCLUSIONS Palms have provided bioactive samples that validate their effectiveness in traditional medicine. However, the intensive study of all palm species related to ethno-medicinal use is needed, along with selection of the most appropriate palm accessions, ripe stage of the fruit and /or part of the plant. Furthermore, the complete profiles of all phytochemicals, their effects on animal models and human subjects, and toxicological and clinical trials are suggested, which, added to the incorporation of improved technological processes, should represent a significant advance for the implementation of new opportunities with wide benefits for human health.
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El Arem A, Lahouar L, Saafi EB, Thouri A, Ghrairi F, Houas Z, Neffati F, Achour L. Dichloroacetic acid-induced testicular toxicity in male rats and the protective effect of date fruit extract. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 18:17. [PMID: 28431577 PMCID: PMC5401463 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-017-0127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of aqueous date extract (ADE) against the dichloroacetic acid (DCA)-induced testicular injury in rats. Methods Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups of eight: group I served as the control; group II was given ADE (4 ml/kg) by gavage; groups III and IV received DCA at 0.5 and 2 g/L drinking water, respectively; and groups V and VI received DCA at 0.5 and 2 g/L drinking water, respectively, before ADE administration. The experiment was performed for two months. Results Results showed that the absolute weights of testes and epididymis were decreased following the DCA administration. The testosterone, FSH and LH levels were also decreased. Severe histopathological changes in testes were observed including degeneration of seminiferous tubules and depletion of germ cells. These changes were associated with alterations of oxidative stress markers. Levels of lipid peroxidation and SOD and CAT activities were increased, while activity of GPx and GSH levels were decreased. Pretreatment with ADE has effectively alleviated the oxidative stress induced by DCA thereby restoring these parameters to normal values. Conclusions These results suggest that ADE has a protective effect over DCA-induced oxidative damage in rat testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira El Arem
- Laboratory of Bioressources, Biology Integrative and Valorization, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Lamia Lahouar
- Laboratory of Bioressources, Biology Integrative and Valorization, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Emna Behija Saafi
- Laboratory of Bioressources, Biology Integrative and Valorization, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Amira Thouri
- Laboratory of Bioressources, Biology Integrative and Valorization, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ghrairi
- Laboratory of Bioressources, Biology Integrative and Valorization, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Zohra Houas
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5019, Tunisia
| | - Fadoua Neffati
- Department of Biochemistry-Toxicology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Achour
- Laboratory of Bioressources, Biology Integrative and Valorization, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
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Ahmed A, Saeed F, Arshad MU, Ali SW, Imran A, Afzaal M, Khan AU. Evaluation and Sensorial Assesment of Date Pit-Based Functional Drink. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ahmed
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences; Government College University; Faisalabad Pakistan
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences; University of Punjab; Lahore Pakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences; Government College University; Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair Arshad
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences; Government College University; Faisalabad Pakistan
| | | | - Ali Imran
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences; Government College University; Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences; Government College University; Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Azmat Ullah Khan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Lahore Pakistan
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Konda VGR, Eerike M, Raghuraman LP, Rajamanickam MK. Antioxidant and Nephroprotective Activities of Aconitum heterophyllum Root in Glycerol Induced Acute Renal Failure in Rats. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:FF01-2. [PMID: 27134892 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/10798.7388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM The present study was to evaluate the antioxidant and nephroprotective activities of ethanolic extract of Aconitum heterophyllum root (EEAHR) in glycerol induced acute renal failure (ARF) in Wistar albino rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro antioxidant activity of EEAHR was assessed using the 2, 2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH assay), nitric oxide radical scavenging (NO assay), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 assay) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) scavenging activity assays. In vivo study, rats were divided into four groups of six each for assessing the nephroprotective activity. Group-1 received normal saline, group-2 received 50% glycerol (10 ml/kg) alone, group-3 received glycerol and 250 mg/kg of EEAHR and group-4 received glycerol and 500 mg/kg of EEAHR. The renal injury and recovery was measured by serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total proteins, albumin, urine output and histopathological changes. RESULTS In vitro antioxidant activity of root extract was found to be equal to Vitamin C and in an in vivo study root extract treated animals showed significant attenuation of biochemical parameters and histopathological changes of the kidney compared to glycerol treated group and it was found to be more significant with the extract at 500 mg/kg than 250mg/kg. CONCLUSION The present study revealed that Aconitum heterophyllum root has shown antioxidant and nephroprotective activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venu Gopala Rao Konda
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute , Kelambakkam, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Madhavi Eerike
- Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute , Kelambakkam, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Lakshmipathy Prabhu Raghuraman
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute , Kelambakkam, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Maignana Kumar Rajamanickam
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute , Kelambakkam, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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Ahmed A, Arshad MU, Saeed F, Ahmed RS, Chatha SAS. Nutritional Probing and HPLC Profiling of Roasted Date Pit Powder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2016.229.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Yasin BR, El-Fawal HAN, Mousa SA. Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Polyphenolics and Other Bioactive Compounds: A Traditional Islamic Remedy's Potential in Prevention of Cell Damage, Cancer Therapeutics and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:30075-90. [PMID: 26694370 PMCID: PMC4691153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review analyzes current studies of the therapeutic effects of Phoenix dactylifera, or date palm fruit, on the physiologic system. Specifically, we sought to summarize the effects of its application in preventing cell damage, improving cancer therapeutics and reducing damage caused by conventional chemotherapy. Phoenix dactylifera exhibits potent anti-oxidative properties both in vitro and in vivo. This allows the fruit to prevent depletion of intrinsic protection from oxidative cell damage and assist these defense systems in reducing cell damage. Macroscopically, this mechanism may be relevant to the prevention of various adverse drug events common to chemotherapy including hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, gastrotoxicity, and peripheral neuropathy. While such effects have only been studied in small animal systems, research suggests a potential application to more complex mammalian systems and perhaps a solution to some problems of chemotherapy in hepato-compromised and nephro-compromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi R Yasin
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
| | - Hassan A N El-Fawal
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
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Guo J, Du L, Shang E, Li T, Liu Y, Qian D, Tang Y, Duan J. Conjugated metabolites represent the major circulating forms of Abelmoschus manihot in vivo and show an altered pharmacokinetic profile in renal pathology. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:595-603. [PMID: 26186460 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1068337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The nephron-protective efficacy of Abelmoschus manihot (Linn.) Medicus (Malvaceae) has been proved by randomized controlled clinical trial. OBJECTIVE Flavonoids are main active components of A. manihot, which can be transformed into glucuronide/sulfate conjugates in vivo. Exploring the pharmacokinetic profile of these conjugates is necessary to further elucidate the mechanism of action. MATERIAL AND METHOD Flavonoid fraction of A. manihot (FFA) was extracted from A. manihot flower with ethanol. FFA (400 mg/kg) was orally given to normal rats and chronic kidney disease (CKD) model rats. Blood samples were collected at 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 240, 360, and 720 min after administration. The plasma concentrations of quercetin and isorhamnetin glucuronide/sulfate conjugates were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. RESULTS In normal rats, AUC of quercetin-glucuronide conjugates, isorhamnetin-glucuronide conjugates, quercetin-sulfate conjugates, and isorhamnetin-sulfate conjugates was 459.45 ± 192.70, 1153.01 ± 697.04, 417.81 ± 220.31, and 2475.19 ± 1085.22 μmol h/L, respectively. While AUC of quercetin and isorhamnetin was 5.47 ± 2.54 and 30.73 ± 25.95 μmol h/L. AUC of the glucuronide-sulfate conjugates of quercetin and isorhamnetin is 125-times higher than that of aglycone (quercetin and isorhamnetin), showing that glucuronide/sulfate conjugates represent the major circulating forms of A. manihot flavonoid in vivo. AUC of isorhamnetin-glucuronide conjugates and quercetin-sulfate conjugates was 719.65 ± 619.22 and 275.49 ± 1 60.95 μmol h/L, indicating that less conjugated metabolites were formed in CKD rats compared with normal rats. The ratio of AUCglucuronide/sulfate/AUCaglycone decreased from 125 to 104, which implied the impaired phase II metabolism ability in CKD rat. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Glucuronide-sulfate conjugates provide an important clue for further elucidating the activity of conjugated metabolites and their relationship with the nephroprotective efficacy of A. manihot. It is necessary to take caution when extrapolating pharmacokinetics parameters from healthy animals in designing pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Guo
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Leyue Du
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Erxin Shang
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Ting Li
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Yang Liu
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Dawei Qian
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Yuping Tang
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Jinao Duan
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , China
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El Arem A, Ghrairi F, Lahouar L, Thouri A, Saafi EB, Ayed A, Zekri M, Ferjani H, Haouas Z, Zakhama A, Achour L. Hepatoprotective activity of date fruit extracts against dichloroacetic acid-induced liver damage in rats. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Subash S, Essa MM, Al-Asmi A, Al-Adawi S, Vaishnav R, Guillemin GJ. Effect of dietary supplementation of dates in Alzheimer's disease APPsw/2576 transgenic mice on oxidative stress and antioxidant status. Nutr Neurosci 2014; 18:281-8. [PMID: 24954036 DOI: 10.1179/1476830514y.0000000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress may play a key role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology. Changes in the oxidative stress, antioxidants, and membrane-bound enzymes were investigated in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of AD transgenic mice model after long-term dietary supplementation of date palm fruits from Oman. The 4-month-old mice with double Swedish APP mutation (APPsw/Tg2576) were purchased from Taconic Farm, NY, USA; mice were fed two different doses of dates (such as 4 and 2%) or control diet for 15 months and then assessed for the influence of diet on oxidative stress. Significant increase in oxidative stress in terms of enhanced levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonyls and parallel decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes were observed in control diet-treated Tg2576 AD mice. Dates (4 and 2%) treated APPsw/Tg2576 AD mice exhibited significantly attenuated oxidative damage, evidenced by decreased LPO and protein carbonyl levels and restoration in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, and glutathione reductase). The activities of membrane-bound enzymes (Na(+), K(+)-ATPase and acetyl cholinesterase) were altered in control diet-treated APPsw/Tg2576 AD mice brain regions. Meanwhile, both the percentages of date supplementation were able to restore the activity of enzymes to comparable values observed in controls. In summary, we have shown that chronic dietary supplementation of date palm fruits grown in Oman showed possible beneficial effects concomitant with oxidative stress reduction and increased antioxidant enzymes in AD transgenic mice model. These results warrant further exploration of how anti-reactive oxygen species properties of dates offer such beneficial effects on the AD-like brain.
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